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To compare the efficacy, improved quality of life, and prognosis in patients undergoing either subtotal colonic bypass with antiperistaltic cecoproctostomy (SCBAC) or subtotal colonic bypass plus colostomy with antiperistaltic cecoproctostomy (SCBCAC) for the treatment of slow transit constipation.Between October 2010 and October 2014, aged patients with slow transit constipation who were hospitalized and underwent laparoscopic surgery in our institute were divided into two groups: the bypass group, 15 patients underwent SCBAC, and the bypass plus colostomy group, 14 patients underwent SCBCAC. The following preoperative and postoperative clinical data were collected: gender, age, body mass index, operative time, first flatus time, length of hospital stay, bowel movements (BMs), Wexner fecal incontinence scale, Wexner constipation scale (WCS), gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI), numerical rating scale for pain intensity (NRS), abdominal bloating score (ABS), and Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications (CD) before surgery and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo after surgery.All patients successfully underwent laparoscopic surgery without open surgery conversion or surgery-related death. The operative time and blood loss were significantly less in the bypass group than in the bypass plus colostomy group (Laparoscopic SCBCAC is an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of slow transit constipation in an aged population and can significantly improve the prognosis. Its clinical efficacy is more favorable compared with that of SCBAC. Laparoscopic SCBCAC is a better procedure for the treatment of slow transit constipation in an aged population.

Polysaccharides PSIand PSIIwere isolated from liquid-cultured mycelia of Phellinus pini. The average molecular weight: PSI36 kDa, PSII49 kDa; sulfate content: PSI5.25%, PSII0.65%; monosaccharide composition: PSIglucose, galactose and mannitose; PSIIglucose, mannitose and xylose. Anti-tumor activities of PSIand PSII(400 mg/kg·d, i.g.) were investigated in S180-bearing mice. Results indicated that PSIand PSIIsignificantly inhibited the growth of S180-solid tumors. PSIand PSIIeffectively protected immune organs (thymus and spleen) and increased activities of immune cells (NK cells, macrophages, T and B lymphocytes). Results suggest that polysaccharides PSIand PSIIfrom Phellinus pini have potential anti-tumor activities, which might attributed partly to their immunomodulatory properties.

In Liaoning Province, China, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was first detected in 2009 and in only four counties. To quantify the spread of TYLCV and to identify potential factors influencing its spread in Liaoning Province, we assayed for TYLCV within 1,055 whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) complex) from 74 populations and 29 counties in 2011. The B. tabaci species of these individuals was determined based on molecular markers. TYLCV was found in 13 counties (Donggang, Liaoyang, Kazuo, Lingyuan, Heishan, Liaozhong, Kaiyuan, Taian, Dawa, Dashiqiao, Beizhen, Linghai, and Xingcheng) and was most frequently detected in the central plain. In addition, the percentage of whiteflies with TYLCV was significantly higher in B. tabaci Q than in B. tabaci B but was unrelated to the hosts (pepper, eggplant, tomato, cucumber, and kidney bean) on which the whiteflies had been collected. These results demonstrate that TYLCV has spread rapidly in Liaoning Province since its first detection and suggest that its spread is more closely associated with the introduction of B. tabaci Q than with the species of host plant. These findings also indicate that controls are now needed to reduce the further spread of TYLCV and that these controls should include the management of B. tabaci Q populations.

The antitumor activity of porcine cartilage polysaccharide was evaluated by vivo animal models. The Ca761 tumor-bearing mice were treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of normal saline (control group) or cartilage polysaccharide (1500, 3000 or 4500mg/kg CPS group) for 14 days. The results demonstrated that CPS could effectively inhibit the tumor growth in Ca761 tumor-bearing mice. The tumor weights of the CPS groups were smaller compared to the control group. While the thymus index, spleen index were higher in the high dose 4500mg/kg CPS group than the control group. These results suggest that CPS might be a strong natural immunomodulator and the antitumor effect of this polysaccharide is associated with its potent immunostimulating effect.

The immunostimulatory activity of porcine cartilage polysaccharide nanoparticles was evaluated by using in vivo animal models. The results demonstrated that porcine cartilage polysaccharide nanoparticles not only significantly prolonged the survival period in H22tumor-bearing mice and inhibiting H22cells proliferation, but also remarkably increased the spleen index and thymus index. These results suggest that porcine cartilage polysaccharide nanoparticles might be a strong natural immunomodulator and the antitumor effect of these nanoparticles is associated with its potent immunostimulating effect.

The effects of tea polysaccharides (TPS) and polyphenols (TPP) on the growth inhibition of hepatoma H22 cells in mice including the roles of them in immune stimulation were investigated. The results showed that TPS and TPP both significantly inhibited the growth of H22 transplantable tumor in mice without statistical difference, both remarkably decreased the spleen index and increased the thymus index compared with that of model group (p<0.05). In addition, TPS and TPP significantly improved the splenocyte proliferation induced by ConA or LPS, and notably enhanced the macrophage phagocytosis towards neutral red. The comparison showed the effect of TPS on immune stimulation was superior to that of TPP to some extent.

The effects of an acidic polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GLSPs) on the immunomodulation in vitro and in vivo were investigated. It was shown that GLSPs with different concentrations significantly promoted the splenocyte proliferation and macrophage phagocytosis in vitro. In addition, GLSPs also remarkably enhanced the splenocyte proliferation induced by ConA or LPS in mice, notably improved the macrophage phagocytosis towards neutral red, and increased the percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ cells in peripheral blood of mice. The results suggested that GLSPs has significant effect on immunomodulation, and may have biomedical material applications and potential use in stimulating the immune system.

The precise role of the α 2 -chain in collagen type I is of considerable scientific interest. Our recent studies demonstrated that the most noticeable difference between type I collagens, which were obtained from bovine hard tissues (bone, dentine) and soft tissues (tendon, skin), was presented in the position of β chain dimers using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The additional band observed both in the bone and dentine collagen was putatively identified as β 22 dimer (made of by an intermolecular cross-linking between two α 2 -chains). Further investigations carried out on bovine bone and skin collagen, corresponding to hard tissue and soft tissue collagen respectively, confirmed this hypothesis. Successful separation of individual β 22 dimer from bone collagen was achieved. The procedure involves molecular-sieve chromatography on a Sephacryl S-400 column followed by differential acetone precipitation. Identification was done by the widely used methods, such as SDS-PAGE and cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-cleaved peptide analysis. It was proposed that the dimer and consequently α 2 -chains may play important roles in the morphological and biological differences between hard and soft tissues.