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Purpose To study the relationship between macular thickness in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) patients and the occurrence and progression of the disease. Method 32 eyes of GO patients and 32 eyes of normal controls were included. All patients and control group participants underwent eye examinations, which included optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, intraocular pressure (IOP) analysis, slit lamp biomicroscopy, OCT examination and visual field examination. We evaluated the retinal structure of GO patients by measuring the thickness of the macular area and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), studied the relationship between the thickness of the macular area and IOP, and compared the macular thickness of GO patients with and without visual field defects and visual impairment. Results Here, we evaluated structural retinal abnormalities, including the thickness of the macular area and the RNFL, in patients with GO. Part of the RNFL thickness of GO patients were significantly thinner than those in normal controls.In particular, after 7 months of follow-up, the macular thickness of GO patients was reduced. Macular thickness thinning was related with visual field defects and visual loss, and had a negative correlation with IOP. Conclusion Loss of macular and RNFL thickness associated with GO can be detected by OCT. The macular retina becomes thinner as the disease progresses. Peripapillary, macula thickness parameters may be used as an indicator for the diagnosis, prediction of disease progression, and assessment of visual function loss in GO patients.

The different MSEP/SA composite phase change materials were prepared by direct impregnation method with SEP-v, SEP-p, SEP-f as supporting material. The thermal stability of the composite phase change materials was analyzed and the differences in the thermal properties and thermal reliability were compared, and provided reference for the study of different SEP to adsorb stearic acid (SA). The results indicated that there is no chemical reaction during the preparation of the composite PCMs. SEP-f has great advantages as a supporting material and its composite (65SEP-f/SA) has a good leak-proof performance with remaining mass ratio is above 99% for leakage test of 50 h. Besides, melting and freezing latent heat of three composite PCMs are similar, For 65SEP-f/SA, the melting latent heat is 76.10 J g−1 corresponds to the phase change temperature of 344.15 K and the freezing latent heat is 75.59 J g−1 corresponds to the phase change temperature of 336.85 K. The 65SEP-f/SA has the highest thermal conductivity of 0.9460 W m−1 K−1. It can be conducted that 65SEP-f/SA have great application potential in the field for low temperature phase change energy storage.

Background Repeat hepatectomy is a feasible treatment modality for intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy of hepatocellular carcinoma, yet the survival benefit remains ill-defined. The objective of the current study was to define long-term, oncologic outcomes after repeat hepatectomy among patients with early and late recurrence. Methods Patients undergoing curative-intent repeat hepatectomy for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma were identified using a multi-intuitional database. Early and late recurrence was defined by setting 1 year after initial hepatectomy as the cutoff value. Patient clinical characteristics, overall survival, and disease-free survival were compared among patients with early and late recurrence before and after propensity score matching. Results Among all the patients, 81 had early recurrence and 129 had late recurrence from which 74 matched pairs were included in the propensity score matching analytic cohort. Before propensity score matching, 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival after resection of an early recurrence were 41.7% and 17.9%, respectively, which were worse compared with patients who had resection of a late recurrence (57.0% and 39.4%, both P Conclusion Repeat hepatectomy for early recurrence was associated with worse overall survival and disease-free survival compared with late recurrence. These data may help inform patients and selection of patients being considered for repeat hepatectomy of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.

To improve sepiolite's ability to absorb stearic acid, different hydrochloric acid modification conditions were used to modify sepiolite. Stearic acid was encapsulated by direct dipping modified sepiolite. The leakage test was carried out. The crystal structure, microstructure, latent heat, thermal stability and thermal conductivity were characterized. The improved acidification condition of 4 mol L−1 for hydrochloric acid concentration, 6 h for acidification time and 313.15 K for acidification temperature can improve the load rate of stearic acid for 5 mass% relative to previous experimental data, the load mass fraction of stearic acid can reach to 40%. The composite prepared by improving acidification conditions has higher latent heat of melting and solidification of 74.66 J g−1 at 346.65 K and 77.02 J g−1 at 332.05 K, respectively. The composite phase change materials prepared by physical stirring have good chemical compatibility and thermal durability.

Subdural contrast effusion secondary to endovascular treatment is exceptionally rare and might be mistaken as subdural hematoma because of similar hyperattenuation on computer tomography. The authors present the case of a 13-month-old girl with a history of increased head circumference and developmental retardation. Cerebral digital subtraction angiography showed a high-flow pial arteriovenous fistula fed by multiple arteries on the right cerebellar surface, with occlusion of the right sigmoid sinus and severe stenosis of the left sigmoid sinus. Staged endovascular treatments were performed to eliminate the fistula. Follow-up head computer tomography scans performed 3 h after both procedures demonstrated typical high-density subdural effusion with computer tomography attenuation value similar to hemorrhage. These effusions did not aggravate the condition and disappeared spontaneously 32 h after the first treatment and 29 h after the second, respectively.

To improve leak-proof performance of phase change materials (PCMs), hydrochloric acid-modified sepiolite (SEP) was used to encapsulate stearic acid (SA), and expanded graphite (EG) was employed as fillers to improve thermal conductivity. A series of form-stable PCMs SA/SEP and SA/SEP/EG were prepared by a combination method of direct impregnation and dry pressing with leakage tests being performed. Their crystalline structure, chemical compatibility, microstructure, latent heat, thermal stability and thermal conductivity were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, DSC, TG and thermal conductivity analysis, respectively. The leakage tests proved that the loaded mass fraction of SA in the SEP/EG could attain to 60%. The DSC experimental results showed that the composite SA60%/SEP/EG (15%) had a relative large melting latent heat of 113.7 J g−1. The thermal conductivity analysis demonstrated that the enhanced ratio of thermal conductivity in SA60%/SEP/EG (15%) was about 9 times to that of SA35%/SEP. In addition, the XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TG results indicated that the as-prepared composites were obtained by a physical mixing process with well chemical compatibility and thermal durability. Compared with the previous studies, the shape-stable SA60%/SEP/EG (15%) holds some competitive advantages.

To assess the acquisition rate and agreement of axial length (AL) measurements with the OA-2000, Anterion, and IOLMaster 500 in cataractous patients.In total, 298 eyes of 191 cataractous patients were enrolled and scanned with the three devices in random order. The success rate of AL measurements per device was calculated and a chi-square test was utilized to identify the differences in acquisition rate between the three devices. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association of different cataract types and severity with the AL measurement acquisition rate. Bland-Altman plots were mapped to appraise the agreement of AL values.AL measurements were successfully achieved in 288 eyes (96.64%) with the OA-2000, in 282 eyes (94.30%) with the Anteiron, and in 246 eyes (82.55%) with the IOLMaster 500. Significant differences in the acquisition rate were found between either of the SS-OCT devices and IOLMaster 500 by chi-square analysis (P 0.001). No significant difference was noted between OA-2000 and Anterion. Increasing severity of posterior subcapsular cataract was associated with a higher failure rate with the IOLMaster 500. Bland-Altman analysis identified good agreement between the three biometers with narrow 95% limits of agreement.The OA-2000 and Anterion showed similarly higher acquisition rate of AL measurements than IOLMaster 500 in cataractous patients. Good agreement for AL values was found between the three biometers in cataractous patients.

Background and aims Metabolomics serves as an important tool in distinguishing changes in metabolic pathways and the diagnosis of human disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignance present of heterogeneous metabolic disorder and lack of effective biomarker for surveillance and diagnosis. In this study, we searched for potential metabolite biomarkers of HCC using tissue and serum metabolomics approach. Methods A total of 30 pairs of matched liver tissue samples from HCC patients and 90 serum samples (30 HCC patients, 30 liver cirrhosis patients, and 30 healthy individuals) were assessed. Metabolomics was performed through ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in conjunction with multivariate and univariate statistical analyses. Results A total of six differential metabolites including chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), LPC20:5, LPE18:0, succinyladenosine and uridine were present in HCC tissue and serum samples. CDCA, LPC20:5, succinyladenosine and uridine were used to construct a diagnostic model based on logistic regression. The four-metabolite panel discriminated HCC from liver cirrhosis with an AUC score of 0.938, sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 86.7%. For all HCC and cirrhosis patients, the diagnostic accuracy increased to 96.7% and 90.0%, respectively. Conclusion The combination of CDCA, LPC20:5, succinyladenosine and uridine can be used as a biomarker panel to improve HCC sensitivity and specificity. This panel significantly benefits HCC diagnostics and reveals new insight into HCC pathogenesis.

Background：Anastomotic leakage (AL) limits the outcome after laparoscopic anterior resection (LAR) for middle-low rectal cancer. The study investigated the efficacy of laparoscopic anastomosis enhancing suture (LAES), preventive ileostomy and transanal drainage tube placement in reducing anastomotic leakage after LAR for middle-low rectal cancer.Methods：From April 2016 to April 2019, a prospective cohort study was performed on consecutive patients who underwent LAR for middle-low rectal cancer in Changzheng hospital. The patients were divided into group A, B, C and D in which LAES, transanal drainage tube placement, protective ileostomy, and no preventive treatment were applied, respectively. Clinical characteristics, operative variables and postoperative complication were compared between the groups.Results：Among 320 patients, 24 (7.5%) developed AL and incidence rate of AL was 1.3%, 12.5%, 1.3% and 15.0% in the four groups, respectively. Left colic artery preservation and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were found not associated with the incidence of AL. A total of 0, 2, 2 and 5 patients had anastomotic bleeding in the four groups, respectively. No patient underwent reoperation in group A and group C, while 5.0% (4/80) of the patients had reoperation in group B and group D due to grade C AL with severe symptoms.Conclusions：Compared with preventive ileostomy, LAES was effective in preventing AL after LAR for middle-low rectal cancer and relieving the complications of AL. The transanal drainage tube placement did not reduce the risk of AL.The study was retrospectively registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 28th June 2016 (code: ChiCTR-IOR-17011777).

Evidence-based decision-making is critical to optimize the benefits and mitigate futility associated with surgery for patients with malignancies. Untreated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a median survival of only 6 months. The objective was to develop and validate an individualized patient-specific tool to predict preoperatively the benefit of surgery to provide a survival benefit of at least 6 months following resection. Using an international multicenter database, patients who underwent curative-intent liver resection for HCC from 2008 to 2017 were identified. Using random assignment, two-thirds of patients were assigned to a training cohort with the remaining one-third assigned to the validation cohort. Independent predictors of postoperative death within 6 months after surgery for HCC were identified and used to construct a nomogram model with a corresponding online calculator. The predictive accuracy of the calculator was assessed using C-index and calibration curves. Independent factors associated with death within 6 months of surgery included age, Child–Pugh grading, portal hypertension, alpha-fetoprotein level, tumor rupture, tumor size, tumor number and gross vascular invasion. A nomogram that incorporated these factors demonstrated excellent calibration and good performance in both the training and validation cohorts (C-indexes: 0.802 and 0.798). The nomogram also performed better than four other commonly-used HCC staging systems (C-indexes: 0.800 vs. 0.542–0.748). An easy-to-use online prediction calculator was able to identify patients at highest risk of death within 6 months of surgery for HCC. The proposed online calculator may help guide surgical decision-making to avoid futile surgery for patients with HCC.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a recognized sequalae of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study aimed to identify long-term survival and prognostic factors after curative resection for HCC among patients with chronic HCV infection. Methods From a Chinese multicenter database, the data of consecutive patients with HCV infection undergoing curative liver resection for initial HCC between 2006 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative 30-day mortality and morbidity, long-term overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were evaluated. Results Among 382 HCC patients with HCV infection, 68 (18%) had concurrent HBV infection and 110 (29%) had portal hypertension. Postoperative 30-day morbidity and mortality rates were 45% and 2.9%, respectively. The 5-year OS and RFS rates were 45% and 34%, respectively. Multivariable Cox-regression analyses identified that concurrent HBV infection, presence of portal hypertension, largest tumor size > 5 cm, and macrovascular and microvascular invasion were independently associated with worse OS and RFS, while postoperative regular anti-HCV therapy was independently associated with better OS. Conclusion Long-term prognosis after HCC resection among patients with HCV infection was worse in those with concurrent HBV infection and concomitant portal hypertension. Postoperative regular anti-HCV therapy was associated with better OS.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The aim of the study was to identify the incidence and predictive factors of actual 10-year survival following liver resection of HBV-related HCC.A Chinese multicenter database of patients undergoing curative hepatectomy of HBV-related HCC was reviewed. Patients who survived ≥ 10 years and patients who died 10 years after surgery were compared and analyzed. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors associated with 10-year survival.Among all enrolled 1016 patients, the actuarial 10-year survival rate was 24.1%, while the actual 10-year survival rate was 16.6%. There were 169 patients who survived at least 10 years after surgery and 688 who died within 10 years from surgery. These patients constituted the study population of this study. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that cirrhosis, preoperative HBV viral load 10The actual 10-year survival after curative resection of HBV-related HCC was calculated to be 16.6%. Postoperative antiviral therapy and regular recurrence surveillance were independent protective factors associated with actual 10-year survival after liver resection of HBV-related HCC.

Numerous bunkers in Taiyuan formed the unique military building culture .Take the bunker located in Taiyuan Iron & Steel (Group ) Co, Ltd as an example ,analyzing its building form ,building function ,building sight-defensiveness , etc. to illustrate the defensiveness of this special military architecture.

Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is the most treatable component of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which can be reduced by endothelin receptor antagonists. Endothelin-evoked vasospasm is considered to be mediated by Ca2+ influx in the smooth muscle through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) and nonselective cation channels (NSCC). Because VDCC antagonists such as nimodipine have been shown to be relatively less effective than the endothelin receptor antagonists, it is assumed that NSCC maybe a more important component in mediating Ca2+ influx during CVS. In this study, we used the basilar arteries from a “two-hemorrhage” rat model of SAH to investigate expressions of transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1), transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), which are considered as the promising candidates constituting NSCC. To investigate the possible role of NSCC in phenotypic switching, we performed immunohistochemical staining to examine expressions of SMα-actin and PCNA, markers of smooth muscle phenotypic switching. We found that the basilar arteries exhibited vasospasm after SAH and that vasospasm became more severe on days 5 and 7 after SAH. Elevated mRNA and protein expressions of TRPC1 and STIM1 were detected after SAH and peaked on days 5 and 7, which was in a parallel time course to the development of cerebral vasospasm. The mRNA and protein expressions of TRPC3 were not changed in the SAH group when compared with those in the control. Results of immunohistochemical staining with anti-PCNA and anti-SMα-actin antibodies also showed enhanced expression of PCNA and disappearance of SMα-actin from day 1 to day 7. Taken together, the above results supported a novel mechanism that the components of store-operated calcium channels, TRPC1 and STIM1 mediated the Ca2+ influx and phenotypic switching in smooth muscle cells, which promoted the development of vasospasm after SAH. TRPC3, which is a component of receptor-operated calcium channels, was not involved in the above-mentioned mechanism.

The storm runoff model in mountain city, based on hydrology, hydraulics and the watershed spatial data is targeted at the features of large slope of land surface and fast speed of runoff-contribution & flow-concentration in mountain city, is of great significance to achieve the goal of making an analog experiment on the processing of urban storm runoff, to locate the inland inundation spot and predict the time of the water withdrawal as well as manage and utilize the water volume and quality of the storm runoff. As a result, we’ve developed a distributed storm runoff model in small watershed in the mountain city on the basis of GIS platform. This model has been applied for analyzing the storm runoff (twice) in Panxi River Valley in North New Zone of Chongqing. The results showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, Ens is 0.56; and the relative error is 11.8%, compared the simulated result with the actual measurements 2010/6/7; the Ens is 0.76,; and the relative error is 8.82%, compared the simulated result with the actual measurements 2010/7/4, it showed that the simulated result is of high precision with the model. According to the parameter sensitivity analysis, the most sensitive parameters of the storm runoff model are the width of subcatchment, slope and impermeable area rate.

e16111Background: The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is very poor. According to the BCLC treatment recommendations, sorafenib or other palliative...

e16110Background: Serum prealbumin is more sensitive to profile nutritional status and liver function than albumin, which could hardly be affected by infusion supplement. This study aims to identif...

e16112Background: According to the BCLC treatment guidelines, surgery is not recommended for intermediate/advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In real world, however, liver resections are often...

e16109Background: Surveillance for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk populations such as chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers thus following by curative treatments ...

In order to explore the effects of relative humidity (RH) on the population growth of summer fruit tortrix moth Adoxophyes orana, the development, survival, fecundity and longevity of A. orana were assessed at 6 different constant humidities (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%), (25 +/- 1) degrees C and a photoperiod of 12L:12D in the laboratory. The results showed that immature developmental time was gradually shortened with the increasing humidity at 40%-90% RH, ranged from 30.31 d at 40% RH to 25.87 d at 90% RH. However, the survival rate for immature moth was gradually increased from 40% RH to 90% RH. Hatchability was inhibited significantly by low humidity and the lowest was 39.3% at 40% RH. And at 80% RH, the longevity of adults was the longest, the oviposition was the most (110.8 eggs per female) , and the survival rates for eggs and larvae were the highest. It resulted in the highest net reproductive rate (R0=26.46) and intrinsic rate of increase (r(m) = 0.1018). In conclusion, the development and fecundity of A. orana were promoted and improved at the higher humidity.

To understand the influence of different apple varieties on the development and reproduction of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), age-stage two-sex life tables of P. ulmi on 'Fuji,' 'Starkrimson Delicious,' 'Golden Delicious,' and 'Granny Smith' varieties were constructed under laboratory conditions at 23 +/- 1 degrees C, 75 +/- 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Results showed that total development time of immature females was shorter on Fuji than on the other varieties, and this was because of its shorter egg duration. Immature survival of P. ulmi was 74.51-78.00% among four apple varieties, and no significant differences were found. The total fecundity per female was significantly higher on Golden Delicious (34.12 eggs per female) than that on Fuji (27.15 eggs per female), Starkrimson Delicious (25.15 eggs per female), and Granny Smith (20.62 eggs per female). Based on the intrinsic rate of population increase, Fuji and Golden Delicious were more suitable than Starkrimson Delicious and Granny Smith.

In order to understand the differences of Aphis citricola in its original and final selectivity to the apple leaves with different leaf age, and to ascertain the effects of mature and young apple leaves on the growth and development, survival, and fecundity of A. citricola, this paper studied the host preference of A. citricola to mature and young apple leaves, with the related age-stage two-type life tables constructed. A. citricola more preferred to oviposit on the young leaves. There existed differences in the behaviors between oriented selectivity and penetration selectivity, and the latter was the key factor determining whether A. citricola fed and oviposited on the host. The total development time of immature A. citricola on the mature leaves was significantly longer than that on the young leaves, and the survival rate was also lower, with the aphids died at the first and fourth instar stages and at mature stage. As compared with those on the young leaves, the apterae rate of A. citricola adults on the mature leaves was lower, and the longevity and fecundity were significantly shorter and lower. The population dynamic parameters suggested that the population growth of A. citricola was quicker on the young leaves than on the mature leaves, and it was difficult for A. citricola to establish a stable population on the mature leaves.

By using TM/ETM+ and MODIS images, the land surface temperature (LST) and relative heat island intensity (RHII) of the central area of Chongqing City were extracted to analyze the distribution patterns of the LST and RHII along the multi-gradients of topography, population, and gross domestic product (GDP) as well as the potential quantitative relationships. The LST and RHII manifested a non-monotonically decreasing trend along the gradients of elevation and relief degree, respectively, both with a significant quadratic polynomial relationship. The maximum RHII appeared at 200-350 m elevation section due to the massive urban construction activities, and had significant linear relationships with the population density and the GDP per square kilometer. The RHII rose about 0.10 degrees C when the population density increased 1000 people per square kilometer, and rose about 0.08 degrees C when the GDP per square kilometer increased 10 million RMB Yuan.

Panonychus ulmi Koch is one of the important pest insects of apple production in China. To clarify the spatiotemporal dynamics of P. ulmi on the apple tree crowns in an apple orchard of Liaoning, Northeast China, an investigation with random sampling was conducted on the pest mite number at each direction and each layer of the crowns in the whole growth season from May to November 2007. The spatial distribution pattern and time series dynamics of P. ulmi were analyzed by calculating the indices of aggregation and using the parameters of Iwao model. In the early and mid growth periods of apple tree, P. ulmi within whole crown fitted negative binomial distribution, presented an aggregated pattern, and its fundamental component was the group composed of several individuals that attracted each other. The aggregation intensity showed a negative fluctuation with population density, namely, high population density but low patchiness density, and low population density but high patchiness density, and there existed definite differences at different crown directions and layers, i. e., the patchiness density was the highest in south direction and the lowest in west direction, and was higher in mid and lower layers than in upper layer, and in inner layer than in outer layer.

To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling associated with gas tamponade in eyes with myopic foveoschisis.A prospective study was conducted, in which 49 pathological myopia patients (52 eyes) with myopic foveoschisis were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the different therapeutic procedures: 22 patients (24 eyes) underwent vitrectomy without internal limiting membrane (non-gas tamponade group), 15 patients (16 eyes) received vitrectomy without internal limiting membrane peeling but combined with gas tamponade (gas tamponade group) and 12 patients (12 eyes) did not receive surgical treatments (control group). SAS 9.13 was used for the statistic analysis. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomographic (OCT) findings of the foveal thickness before and after the operation (the 3rd, 6th, and 9th month postoperatively) were obtained and compared by the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test. Non-parameters Wilcoxon symbols test was used to compare the BCVA, the central foveal thickness (CFT) and maximum foveal thickness (MxFT) of each group before and after the surgery.Postoperative visual acuity was significantly increased in the two operation groups (t = 2.57, P0.05; t = 3.58, P0.05) but not increased in the control group (t = 1.84; P0.05). The difference of BCVA between these three groups was not significant (χ(2) = 0.24, P0.05). OCT showed the mean foveal thickness was significantly decreased postoperatively. Vitrectomy without peeling of the ILM significantly promoted the retinal reattachment in eyes with myopic foveoschisis. No retinal reattachment was found in the control group while 16 and 13 retinal reattachment were found in the non-gas tamponade (66.7%) and gas tamponade group (81.3%), the difference between these two operation groups and the control was statistically significant (χ(2) = 20.50, P0.05). During the follow-up, two eyes in the control group developed a macular hole and both developed retinal detachment (RD) in the 6 and 8 month, respectively. The remaining 10 eyes did not develop any complications, although the thickness of the macula increased significantly. A transient increase of intraocular pressure occurred in three eyes and had been cured by medications within 2 weeks after gas tamponade. A macular hole was recognized in one eye 2 months after surgery and the retina was reattached at the fovea 1 month after reoperation.Vitrectomy without ILM peeling could be a safe and effective surgical approach for the treatment of foveoschisis in pathologic myopia. In addition, gas tamponade can improve the success rate of the operation.