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Mineral resources are an important material basis for the development of human society and have become a topic of global concern in the 21st century. This paper adopts the method of bibliometric analysis to summarise the research progress of global remote sensing in the field of mineral exploration from 2000 to 2022 and gives an outlook on the future research direction. In this study, we used bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of the research progress of global remote sensing in the field of mineral exploration from 2000 to 2022, and to provide an outlook on future research directions. We analysed 37,977 publications related to this period covering 185 countries, 2646 journals 16,328 institutions 25,170 funding agencies, and 114,746 authors.

Identifying the dynamic processes of socio-economic development and environmental sustainability is an important measure to prevent environmental degradation and improve human well-being in village areas. However, there is currently a lack of analytical frameworks that integrate socio-economic and environmental security indicators in village areas, making it difficult to accurately identify the ecological environmental status of village areas at different stages of development. This study quantified the multifunctional land use and heavy metal pollution risks of different village areas using land use data and soil samples collected in the field. It then integrated land use functions and heavy metal pollution risks into the analytical framework using hierarchical clustering, which identified different types of village areas. The results show that: (1) The applicability and accuracy of this analytical framework are validated by a sample verification, which classifies village areas into traditional village, productive village, comprehensive village and ecotype village. (2) Most village areas belong to the traditional village with single production and life functions. With the development of village industries, some traditional villages become productive villages. Those closer to cities or with policy support continue to develop into comprehensive villages. In this process, the village socio-economy develops, land use functional services become more diverse, but heavy metal risks gradually increase. (3) Traditional villages should prevent pollution risks from Cd, Zn and other heavy metals. Productive villages should prevent Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr and other heavy metals from industrial and domestic wastewater. Comprehensive villages should strengthen soil remediation and remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites, adjust industrial layout. Ecotype villages should avoid the impact of exogenous pollutants on the region and develop ecotourism industries. Through the classification results and discussion of village area types, this study effectively reveals the differences in environmental risks faced by socio-economic development in typical village areas in China, and provides a basis for governments to formulate functional planning and environmental protection policies suitable for different types of villages.

This work presents the initial results of the drift-scan observation for the neutral hydrogen ( Hi ) intensity mapping survey with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The data analyzed in this work were collected in night observations from 2019 through 2021. The primary findings are based on 28 hr of drift-scan observation carried out over 7 nights in 2021, which covers 60 deg ^2 sky area. Our main findings are, first, our calibration strategy can successfully correct both the temporal and bandpass gain variation over the 4 hr drift-scan observation. Second, the continuum maps of the surveyed region are made with frequency resolution of 28 kHz and pixel area of $2.95\,{\mathrm{arcmin}}^{2}$ . The pixel noise levels of the continuum maps are slightly higher than the forecast assuming T _sys = 20 K, which are 36.0 mK (for 10.0 s integration time) at the 1050–1150 MHz band, and 25.9 mK (for 16.7 s integration time) at the 1323–1450 MHz band, respectively. Third, the flux-weighted differential number count is consistent with the NRAO-VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) catalog down to the confusion limit ∼7 mJy beam ^−1 . Finally, the continuum flux measurements of the sources are consistent with those found in the literature. The difference in the flux measurement of 81 isolated NVSS sources is about 6.3%. Our research offers a systematic analysis for the FAST Hi intensity mapping drift-scan survey and serves as a helpful resource for further cosmology and associated galaxies sciences with the FAST drift-scan survey.

Causality inference is a process to infer Cause-Effect relations between variables in, typically, complex systems, and it is commonly used for root cause analysis in large-scale process industries. Transfer entropy (TE), as a non-parametric causality inference method, is an effective method to detect Cause-Effect relations in both linear and nonlinear processes. However, a major drawback of transfer entropy lies in the high computational complexity, which hinders its real application, especially in systems that have high requirements for real-time estimation. Motivated by such a problem, this study proposes an improved method for causality inference based on transfer entropy and information granulation. The calculation of transfer entropy is improved with a new framework that integrates the information granulation as a critical preceding step; moreover, a window-length determination method is proposed based on delay estimation, so as to conduct appropriate data compression using information granulation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by both a numerical example and an industrial case, with a two-tank simulation model. As shown by the results, the proposed method can reduce the computational complexity significantly while holding a strong capability for accurate casuality detection.