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Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the frequently occurring malignant neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to explore JAK-STAT signaling pathway related genes in CRC and establish a new prognostic model. Methods The data set used in this study is from a public database. JAK-STAT-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Prognostic genes were selected from JAK-STAT-DEGs through Mendelian randomization (MR), univariate Cox regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses. The expressions of prognostic genes were verified by RT-qPCR. Then, a risk model was built and validated by the GSE39582. Independent prognostic factors were screened underlying risk scores and different clinical indicators, resulting in the construction of a nomogram. Additionally, immune infiltration, immune scores and immune checkpoint inhibitors analyses and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were carried out. Results The 3,668 JAK-STAT-DEGs were obtained by intersection of 5826 CRC-DEGs and 9766 JAK-STAT key module genes. Five prognostic genes were selected (ANK3, F5, FAM50B, KLHL35, MPP2), and their expressions were significantly different between CRC and control groups. A risk model was constructed according to prognostic genes and verified by GSE39582. In addition, the nomogram exhibited superior predictive accuracy for CRC. Furthermore, immune analysis results indicated a notable positive correlation between risk score and the scores of immune (R = 0.486), stromal (R = 0.309), and ESTIMATE (R = 0.422). Immune checkpoint inhibitor ADORA2A (Cor = 0.483263) exhibited the strongest positive correlation with risk score. And MPP2 exhibited the most potent activating influence on the cell cycle pathway, whereas ANK3 demonstrated the most significant inhibitory effect within the apoptosis pathway. Conclusions A new JAK-STAT related CRC prognostic model was constructed and validated, which possessed an underlying predictive potential for CRC patients’ prognosis and could potentially enhance tailored guidance for immunotherapy.

Antarctica is covered by huge snow and ice, and its geological structure is bounded by the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, and is generally divided into the East Antarctic Shield and the West Antarctic Active Zone. Digital elevation model (DEM) is one of the important basic data to study the Antarctic ice sheet change. Obtaining elevation change information through the comparison of multi-period DEM is an important means to analyze the changes in the thickness and material balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. However, the horizontal and vertical errors between different types of DEM affect the accuracy of the analysis results. In this study, the horizontal error first eliminated by registration between DEMs, then elevation difference and standard deviation are calculated between CryoSat DEM and other DEMs, finally the temporal and spatial variation characteristics are evaluated. The results show that in the plane, the horizontal offset between TanDEM_X DEM and CryoSat DEM is the smallest, while that between ICESat DEM and CryoSat DEM is the largest. In the vertical direction, within the gradient range of 0° ~ 1°, the mean elevation difference between CryoSat DEM and TanDEM_X DEM is between 3.5 and 5.5 m, and the standard deviation is less than 18.0 m. The mean elevation difference between CryoSat DEM and Bamber 1km DEM is between -2.5 and +1.0 m, and the standard deviation is less than 24.2 m. The mean elevation difference between CryoSat DEM and ICESat DEM is between -25.0 and -1.0 m, and the standard deviation is less than 47.2 m. The mean elevation difference between CryoSat DEM and RAMPv2 DEM is between 1.3 and 3.2 m, and the standard deviation is less than 45.6 m. It is found that the internal elevation of Antarctic ice sheet increases, but the elevation of southwest ice sheet and southeast ice sheet decreases, and the southwest pole decreases obviously, while the elevation of Antarctic edge area decreases obviously. This study provides an important reference for global change research and Antarctic material balance research.

At present, there are more than 190 craters have been confirmed on the earth, and most of the simple impact craters with a diameter of less than 1 km are formed by iron impactor.There is a large amount of iron meteorite material around the impact crater struck by the iron impactor.The spatial distribution characteristics of iron meteorite are of great significance for studying the impact process and mechanism of the crater.The enrichment of iron can also be used as important information to explore suspected impact craters on the Earth's surface.In order to obtain iron meteorite fragments around the impact crater, field investigations were mainly conducted manually in the early days, but this method was inefficient and required a lot of manpower and material resources.Based on the unique spectral characteristics of the meteorite, the spatial distribution characteristics of the meteorite material around the impact crater can be easily obtained by using the remote sensing alteration information extraction method.This paper selects Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona, USA as the research object, considering of the spectral characteristics of iron meteorite, and using Band Math-PCA(principal components analysis).The extraction results fit well with the field survey of the distribution of iron meteorites by the predecessors.The iron meteorite aggregation area on the east, southeast and southwest sides of the impact crater was well reflected in the extraction results.The iron meteorite around the impact crater was well extracted, and the iron meteorite gathering areas on the east, southeast and southwest sides were well reflected on the extraction result map.It shows that it is feasible to use the principal component analysis-band ratio method to extract the iron meteorite information around the Barringer crater.The experimental results accurately obtained the spatial distribution information of iron meteorite around the impact crater.This paper provides a feasible plan for exploring the ring structure of the impact on the earth's surface, and provides an important method reference for the extraction of similar impact craters in the future.