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The development of western feminism in the 20th century has experienced three waves. During this period, western women continued to strive for equal rights like men had through feminist movements and trends of thought, which provided an ideological and theoretical basis for women's awakening. In 2003, The Hours won the Oscar, bringing feminism into the public's view. The film tells of the inextricable relationship between three women of different times and the novel Mrs. Dalloway. The stories of the three heroines occur in the three waves of feminism respectively. Their struggle and growth represent the development of feminism in different periods, which is also an obvious feature of the unprecedented rise of women's gender consciousness. This paper mainly analyzes the film language of the three female characters from the perspective of micro or macro feminism and narrates them through the sequence of the film plot and time development, thus reflecting the influence of the development of feminism on women's self-awakening in the 20th century.

In this study, a theoretical method is proposed to solve shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium. Not only shock waves in dissociated flows but also detonation waves in combustive mixtures can be solved. The global iterative solving process is specially designed to mimic the physical and chemical process in reactive shock waves to ensure good stability and fast convergence in the proposed method. Within each global step, the single-variable equations of normal and oblique shock relations are derived and solved with the Newton iteration method to reduce the complexity of the problems, and the minimization of free energy method of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is adopted to solve equilibrium compositions. It is demonstrated that the convergent process is stable and very close to the real chemical-kinetic process, and high accuracy is achieved in the solutions of normal and oblique reactive shock waves. Moreover, the proposed theoretical method has also been applied to many problems associated with reactive shocks, including the stability of oblique detonation wave, bow detonation over a sphere, and shock reflection in dissociated air. The great importance of using chemical equilibrium to theoretically predict the theoretical range of the wedge angle for a standing oblique detonation wave (the standing window of the oblique detonation wave), the stand-off distance of bow detonation wave and the transition criterion of shock reflection in dissociated air with high accuracy have been addressed.

Ultralong carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are in huge demand in many cutting-edge fields due to their macroscale lengths, perfect structures, and extraordinary properties, while their practical application is limited by the difficulties in their mass production. Herein, we report the synthesis of ultralong CNTs with a dramatically increased yield by a simple but efficient substrate interception and direction strategy (SIDS), which couples the advantages of floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition with the flying-kite-like growth mechanism of ultralong CNTs. The SIDS-assisted approach prominently improves the catalyst utilization and significantly increases the yield. The areal density of the ultralong CNT arrays with length of over 1 cm reached a record-breaking value of ∼6700 CNTs mm

Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), a perennial herb belonging to the family Rosaceae, is a complex octoploid with high heterozygosity at most loci. However, there is no research on the haplotype of the octoploid strawberry genome. Here we aimed to obtain a high-quality genome of the cultivated strawberry cultivar, “Yanli”, using single molecule real-time sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technology. The “Yanli” genome was 823 Mb in size, with a long terminal repeat assembly index of 14.99. The genome was phased into two haplotypes, Hap1 (825 Mb with contig N50 of 26.70 Mb) and Hap2 (808 Mb with contig N50 of 27.51 Mb). Using the combination of Hap1 and Hap2, we obtained for the first time a haplotype-resolved genome with 56 chromosomes for the cultivated octoploid strawberry. We identified a ~ 10 Mb inversion and translocation on chromosome 2-1. 104 957 and 102 356 protein-coding genes were annotated in Hap1 and Hap2, respectively. Analysis of the genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway revealed the structural diversity and complexity in the expression of the alleles in the octoploid F. × ananassa genome. In summary, we obtained a high-quality haplotype-resolved genome assembly of F. × ananassa, which will provide the foundation for investigating gene function and evolution of the genome of cultivated octoploid strawberry.

Biomass films with ultraviolet (UV)-shielding ability have attracted considerable attention. Curcumin was introduced into castor oil-based polyurethane (CCPU) as a chain extender, which was melt with polylactic acid (PLA) as a reinforcement to obtain biomass UV-shielding film. The excellent UV absorption and antioxidant qualities of curcumin contributed to the impressive UV-shielding capacity (97.6% UV radiation absorption) and antioxidant (51% free radical scavenging) of PLA/CCPU-20 film. In the scanning electron microscopic images of film fracture, the mixing of CCPU elastomer into the PLA matrix caused the blend films to exhibit significant toughening fracture characteristics compared to the pure PLA film. The excellent thermal stability, low water swelling degree, and low water solubility of PLA/CCPU blend films were maintained after CCPU was added to the PLA matrix. Therefore, the PLA/CCPU blend films can be considered as a potential packaging material because of its favorable UV-shielding properties and film stability.

Designing high-performance trifunctional electrocatalysts for ORR/OER/HER with outstanding activity and stability for each reaction is quite significant yet challenging for renewable energy technologies. Herein, a highly efficient and durable trifunctional electrocatalyst RuCoOx is prepared by a unique one-pot glucose-blowing approach. Remarkably, RuCoOx catalyst exhibits a small potential difference (ΔE) of 0.65 V and low HER overpotential of 37 mV (10 mA cm-2), as well as a negligible decay of overpotential after 200 000/10 000/10 000 CV cycles for ORR/OER/HER, all of which show overwhelming superiorities among the advanced trifunctional electrocatalysts. When used in liquid rechargeable Zn-air batteries and water splitting electrolyzer, RuCoOx exhibits high efficiency and outstanding durability even at quite large current density. Such excellent performance can be attributed to the rational combination of targeted ORR/OER/HER active sites into one electrocatalyst based on the double-phase coupling strategy, which induces sufficient electronic structure modulation and synergistic effect for enhanced trifunctional properties.

The high temperature generated on the contact interfaces of the conical friction element in clutches due to the sliding frictional heat should be responsible for the synchronization failure. In this study, an analytic model taking account of the capsizing moment and stress singularity at the end of the contact interface is established to solve the contact pressure distribution. Then, a three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to analyze the transient thermal behavior of the conical friction element. The contact pressure and temperature distribution generated along the contact interfaces are investigated and compared between the proposed new model, the combined wear assumption, and the uniform pressure assumption. Furthermore, the variations in temperature obtained from the new model and the other two assumptions are compared to the experimental results. The results show that the temperature simulated by the new model has a good agreement with reality. The maximum temperatures obtained by the new model are 95.53 °C and 71.67 °C, and the measured values are respectively 84.98 °C and 65.46 °C at the measuring position under the given two working conditions.

Fructokinase (FRK) and fructokinase-like (FLN), belonging to the phosphofructokinase B type subfamily, share substantial sequence similarity, and are crucial in various plant physiological processes. However, there is limited information regarding what functionally differentiates plant FRKs from FLNs. Here, a total of three

Radiative cooling (RC) is a promising sustainable human body cooling technology. However, there still lacks a RC material that can simultaneously enable efficient human body cooling in both outdoor and indoor hot scenarios. Here, we propose a selective emission-transmission (SET) RC model, which is featured with selective high emission in the atmospheric window waveband (8-13 μm) and high transmission in the remaining mid-infrared wavebands, to guide the design of multi-scenario RC materials. Assisted with designs at molecular and nano-scale, we demonstrated a polyoxymethylene (POM) nano-textile, which selectively exhibits high emittance of 75.7% in the 8-13 μm waveband, high human radiation transmittance of 48.5% (4-25 μm), and also a high solar reflectance of 94.7% (0.3-2.5 μm). As a result, the POM nano-textile exhibits superior human body cooling performance in various scenarios including sunny outdoor (2.6-8.8 ℃ cooling), cloudy outdoor (0.7-3.6 ℃ cooling) and indoor (0.5-1.2 ℃ cooling), compared to existing RC materials and commercial cotton. In addition, the POM nano-textile also possesses good wearability. When the POM nano-textile is tailored onto a protective clothing, it provides better cooling performance than its commercial counterpart. This work provides an alternative pathway towards multi-scenario personal thermal management.

Fe2O3-based catalysts have promising potential in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 with the advantages of environmental friendliness, excellent medium-high SCR activity, good N2 selectivity, and high SO2 tolerance. However, the NH3-SCR mechanism over Fe2O3-based catalysts remains highly uncertain and controversial due to the complex nature of the SCR reaction. Herein, the NH3-SCR reaction pathways over the α-Fe2O3(012) surface are elucidated at the atomic level by density functional theory calculations and experimental measurements. We demonstrate that, different from the NH3 activation mechanism in numerous SCR catalytic systems, the reaction tends to follow the NO activation mechanism, in which NO activated at Fe sites reacts with NH3 to form a NH2NO intermediate and further decomposes into N2 and H2O, in synchronization with the formation of a surface OH group. Subsequently, the catalyst is regenerated by an O2-assisted surface-dehydrogenation process. The activation of NO as well as the formation of the NH2NO intermediate is the rate-determining step of the complete SCR cycle. This study enhances the atomic-level understanding toward the NH3-SCR reaction and provides insights for the development of Fe2O3-based SCR catalysts.

Initiation and stabilization of oblique detonation waves (ODWs) are important to the successful application of oblique detonation engines (ODEs), which, however, have been rarely studied under realistic combustor conditions. In this study, the flow structures, stabilization characteristics and potential thrust performance (under different combustor's geometries with different ODW reflection locations) in a typical hydrogen-fueled ODE combustor are numerically studied by solving the two-dimensional multi-species Reynolds-averaged conservation equations with a detailed hydrogen combustion mechanism. Results suggest that all the detonation waves/shock waves can be stabilized in the space-confined combustor, and the boundary layer separation induced by the ODW-boundary layer interaction is found crucial to determining the types of combustion mode in the combustor. Except for the expected ODW-induced combustion, fast combustion induced by a stabilized overdriven normal detonation wave (NDW) may exist in the combustor simultaneously (even up to a large extent, >73.7%). It is demonstrated that the stabilization of the overdriven NDW in the combustor can be attributed to the formation of an effective aerodynamic convergent-divergent nozzle that quickly accelerates the subsonic flow behind the NDW to supersonic, preventing downstream disturbances from propagating upstream. Benefiting from the chemical equilibrium shift caused by the expansion effect of the flow, more heat is released to compensate for the compression loss and the simulated thrust performance is shown not deteriorate significantly even with a large percentage of NDW-induced combustion existing in the ODE combustor. This work would be beneficial to the future developments of the ODEs.

Structural colors, generated by the interaction of interference, diffraction, and scattering between incident light and periodic nanostructured surfaces with features of the same scale with incident visible light wavelengths, have recently attracted intense interest in a wide range of research fields, due to their advantages such as various brilliant colors, long-term stability and environmental friendliness, low energy consumption, and mysterious biological functions. Tremendous effort has been made to design structural colors and considerable progress has been achieved in the past few decades. However, there are still significant challenges and obstacles, such as durability, portability, compatibility, recyclability, mass production of structural-color materials, etc., that need to be solved by rational structural design and novel manufacturing strategies. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of bio-inspired structural colors and their applications. First, we introduce several typical natural structural colors displayed by living organisms from fundamental optical phenomena, including interference, diffraction grating, scattering, photonic crystals effects, the combination of different phenomena, etc. Subsequently, we review recent progress in bio-inspired artificial structural colors generated from advanced micro/nanoscale manufacturing strategies to relevant biomimetic approaches, including self-assembly, template methods, phase conversion, magnetron sputtering, atomic layer deposition, etc. Besides, we also present the current and potential applications of structural colors in various fields, such as displays, anti-counterfeiting, wearable electronics, stealth, printing, etc. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future development directions of structural colors, aiming to push forward the research and applications of structural-color materials.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidates for numerous cutting-edge fields because of their excellent properties. However, the inherent black color of CNTs cannot satisfy the aesthetic/fashion requirement, and the flammability of CNTs severely restricts their application in high-temperature environments with oxygen. Here, we realized a structural coloration of CNTs by coating them with amorphous TiO 2 layers. By tuning the TiO 2 coating thickness, both CNT fibers and membranes exhibited controllable and brilliant colors, which exhibited remarkable superdurability that could endure 2000 cycles of laundering tests and more than 10 months of high-intensity ultraviolet irradiation. The TiO 2 -coated CNTs exhibited a notable fire-retardant performance and could endure 8 hours of fire burning. The structural coloration of CNTs with excellent fire retardance substantially improves their performance and broadens their applications.

Aim To explore the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods T1DM patients (n=32), T2DM patients (n=90) and age-matched controls (n=36 and 81, respectively) were included. The 72-hour dynamic blood glucose test and cognitive function, including visuoconstructive function, executive function, learning and memory, attention, language expression ability, and orientation, were analyzed. The head, body and tail grey matter of the hippocampus were analyzed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, serum HMGB1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations were examined. Results HbA1C, MAGE and MODD were higher in T1DM patients than in T2DM patients (p

The control of NOx emission from diesel vehicles is of great importance to the environment, and Cu-SAPO-34 is considered to be an effective catalyst for the abatement of NOx from diesel vehicles. Along with catalytic activity, hydrothermal stability is a key property for NOx abatement catalysts. The attack of Cu species and framework atoms by H2O may result in activity loss under both low/high temperature humid conditions, which are inevitable in practical application. Therefore, apart from good catalytic activity, hydrothermal stability under both low/high temperatures for Cu-SAPO-34 is also critical for NOx control in diesel vehicles. Three Cu-SAPO-34 samples were prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal method using propylamine, triethylamine, and morpholine, with Cu-TEPA (tetraethylenepentamine) as the cotemplate. The NH3-SCR activity and the effects of hydrothermal aging at 70 and 800 °C on these Cu-SAPO-34 samples were investigated. The type of cotemplate can affect the Si and Cu species in one-pot-synthesized Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts, so that the catalytic activity as well as the low/high temperature hydrothermal stability is affected by the choice of template. Generally speaking, Cu-SAPO-34 prepared using PA as cotemplate showed superior catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability under low/high temperatures compared with the other two catalysts, which makes PA a more suitable template for one-pot-synthesized Cu-SAPO-34 for use in NOx abatement from diesel vehicle exhaust.

Nucleosome assembly during DNA replication is tightly coupled to ongoing DNA synthesis. This process, termed DNA replication-coupled (RC) nucleosome assembly, is essential for chromatin replication and has a great impact on both genome stability maintenance and epigenetic inheritance. This review discusses a set of recent findings regarding the role of replisome components contributing to RC nucleosome assembly. Starting with a brief introduction to the factors involved in nucleosome assembly and some aspects of the architecture of the eukaryotic replisome, we discuss studies from yeast to mammalian cells and the interactions of replisome components with histones and histone chaperones. We describe the proposed functions of replisome components during RC nucleosome assembly and discuss their impacts on histone segregation and implications for epigenetic inheritance.

Two Cu-SAPO-34 samples with similar chemical compositions but different crystallite sizes of 10 μm and 2 μm, respectively, were obtained by modifying crystallization conditions. The effect of crystallite size on the low-temperature hydrothermal stability of Cu-SAPO-34 was comparatively investigated. The results showed that Cu-SAPO-34 with smaller particle size possessed better resistance to treatment at 70 °C in humid conditions. During low-temperature hydrothermal aging, isolated Cu2+ species in Cu-SAPO-34 tended to be attacked by water vapor to form Cu(OH)2 species, which can combine with extra-framework Al to form inactive CuAl2O4 species. The superior stability of Cu-SAPO-34 with smaller crystallite size is primarily attributed to the lower Cu concentration on the crystal surface compared with the sample with larger particle size. Thus, more active Cu sites were maintained on small-size Cu-SAPO-34 after low-temperature hydrothermal aging.

A series of cerium-doped iron–titanium composite oxide catalysts (FeCeaTi, a = 0.1–1.0) prepared by a urea homogeneous precipitation method were investigated for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR). Over all the FeCeaTi samples, a promotion effect for NOx reduction was induced by the introduction of cerium, with the FeCe0.3Ti catalyst exhibiting the best catalytic performance, even at a high GHSV of 250 000 h−1. As indicated by kinetic studies, interestingly, the FeCe0.3Ti catalyst exhibited a higher activation energy for the NH3-SCR process while possessing a pre-exponential factor three orders of magnitude higher than that of FeTi. Going deeper, extensive characterization including N2-physisorption, XRD, Raman, NH3/NOx-TPD, XPS, EPR, and H2-TPR was carried out. XRD and Raman results showed that the introduction of suitable amounts of Ce into the FeTi samples promoted the dispersion of Fe and Ti. Such higher dispersion of these two components increased the capacities for NOx adsorption and activation and weakly bonded ammonia over FeCe0.3Ti, thus promoting the occurrence of the L–H pathway of NH3-SCR at low temperatures. H2-TPR results indicated that the reduction of FeCe0.3Ti occurred at a higher temperature than that of FeTi, which may be a reason for its higher activation energy for NH3-SCR.

High-performance airflow sensors are in great demand in numerous fields but still face many challenges, such as slow response speed, low sensitivity, large detection threshold, and narrow sensing range. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit many advantages in fabricating airflow sensors due to their nanoscale diameters, excellent mechanical and electrical properties, and so on. However, the intrinsic extraordinary properties of CNTs are not fully exhibited in previously reported CNT-based airflow sensors due to the mixed structures of macroscale CNT assemblies. Herein, this article presents suspended CNT networks (SCNTNs) as high-performance airflow sensors, which are self-assembled by ultralong CNTs and short CNTs in a one-step floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition process. The SCNTN-based airflow sensors achieved a record-breaking short response time of 0.021 s, a high sensitivity of 0.0124 s m

A shelf-life that is too short is the main problem with strawberries. Nano-TiOIn this work, nano-TiOSince UV treatment is rare in actual storage and transportation, LDPE/M-TiO