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BACKGROUND Minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) can minimize surgical incision, tissue damage, and intraoperative blood loss in the treatment of spondylolisthesis. However, there is a lack of evidence-based research to confirm its clinical efficacy. METHODS Chinese and English databases were searched with "open", "minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion", "MIS-TLIF", "spondylolisthesis", and "open transforaminal interbody fusion" as search terms. Rev Man 5.3 provided by the Cochrane system was used to assess the quality of the literature. RESULTS Of the 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 7 references were level A (58.34%), 4 were B level (33.33%), and 1 reference was C level (8.33%). There was a statistically significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between MI-TLIF and open transforaminal interbody fusion (O-TLIF) in the treatment of spondylolisthesis [mean difference (MD) =-349.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-410.66, -288.03), P

Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean is a destructive disease in many countries caused by the soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora sojae. The interaction between soil-borne pathogens and plant roots before invasion is a focus of interest for revealing host and nonhost resistance mechanisms to soil-borne pathogens. In the present study, soybean cvs. Sloan (susceptible), Williams 82 (resistant) and nonhost common bean cv. Yidianhong were used to determine the effect of roots, root exudates, and isoflavones, amino acids, sugars, and citric acid from the root exudates on the pre-infection behavior (taxis, encystment and cyst germination) of zoospores of P. sojae. The elongation zone of roots of both host soybeans attracted significantly more zoospores than did that of the nonhost bean, and that of the susceptible cultivar attracted significantly more zoospores than did that of the resistant cultivar. Similarly, the host soybean root exudates attracted zoospores and promoted zoospore encystment and cyst germination, but nonhost root exudates had no effect on zoospores. Thus, P. sojae apparently selects its host depending on the root exudates. Of the 26 total components detected from root exudates, the exudates from susceptible and resistant soybeans and nonhost common bean had 12, 17, and 25 components respectively. The differences between the host and nonhost were mainly in the type and concentration of amino acids. Most components were significant chemoattractants of P. sojae zoospores. However, when these attractants were mixed at their relative concentrations in the root exudates, the chemoattraction was significantly reduced compared to that of the sum of each components, and the reduction from strongest to weakest was nonhost common bean, resistant and susceptible soybeans, indicating that these components in the root exudates interact with each other, and the intensity of the interaction relates to the type and concentration of the components. This phenomenon is because some components may share the same receptor, thus causing an obstructive effect. This result may also be a reason that common bean is a nonhost of P. sojae. In addition, the relative local concentrations of citric acid in the root exudates of both nonhost cv. Yidianhong and resistant cv. Williams 82 were repellent to zoospores of P. sojae. Root exudates of susceptible cv. Sloan amended with two concentrations of citric acids especially reduced zoospore chemoattraction, indicating that citric acid in the root exudates also plays an important role in host and nonhost resistance to P. sojae.

Chemotaxis, encystment, cyst germination, and germ tube growth of Phytophthora sojae zoospores in response to common amino acids and sugars in root exudates (l-glutamate, l-aspartate, l-asparagine, l-alanine, l-serine, l-valine, l-histidine, and l-hydroxyproline; l-glucose, l-sucrose, l-fructose, l-arabinose, and l-galactose were examined. All 8 l-amino acids and 5 l-sugars stimulated zoospore chemotaxis, encystment and cyst germination but did not stimulate subsequent growth of the germ tube in P. sojae. Germ tube growth was significantly retarded in response to each of the test compounds. These findings suggest that chemotaxis, encystment and cyst germination in P. sojae zoospores are receptor-mediated and that the zoospores did not take up and utilize the test amino acids and sugars as nutrients. Different amino acids and sugars affected zoospore chemotaxis to different degrees. Maximum promotion or inhibition occurred at specific concentrations for each compound.

Fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) and template matching are both widely used in object detection. To improve the computational efficiency, an algorithm combining the FSVM classifier with template matching is proposed and we parallelize the template matching algorithm on a multicore platform with OpenMP. The samples are firstly classified by the template matching, and then refined by the FSVM classifier. A three-tier hierarchical pyramid is used in fast matching and a second-order polynomial kernel function is used in the FSVM classifier. The experimental results show that the proposed parallel algorithm significantly improves the computation performance compared with traditional serial algorithms.

Numerous critical Internet applications with high-quality services, such as Web directory, search engine, Web crawler, recommendation system and user profile detector, etc. Almost depend on the efficient and accurate of web page classification system. Traditional supervised or semi-supervised machine learning methods become more and more difficult to adapt to the explosive Internet information. This paper proposed a web page classification method based on the topological structure of Wikipedia knowledge network. The kinship-relation association based on content similarity was proposed to solve the unbalance problem when a category node inherited the probability from multiple fathers. We used N-gram based on Wikipedia words to extract the keywords from web page, and introduce Bayes classifier to estimate the page class probability. Experimental results shown that the proposed method has very good scalability, robustness and reliability for different web pages.