SzarpakJulita, Dalmata Weronika, Gąbka Ilona, Madycka Daria, Wysokińska Olga. The meaning of blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport.2020;10(9):308318. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.09.035 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.09.035 https://zenodo.org/record/4026856 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.08.2020. Revised: 25.08.2020. Accepted: 13.09.2020. The meaning of blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease Julita Szarpak, Weronika Dalmata, Ilona Gąbka, Daria Madycka, Olga Wysokińska Julita Szarpak(1) e-mail: julita.szarpak@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-0235 Weronika Dalmata(1)e-mail: wercia_2205@wp.pl ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-5998 Ilona Gąbka(1)e-mail: ilona0002@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4202-8338 Daria Madycka(1)e-mail: dariaem16@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-1229 Olga Wysokińska(1) e-mail: okwysokinska@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9679-9958 Affiliation: (1)Students Science Club at the Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland Abstract Introduction and purpose:Alzheimer's disease (AD) belongs to the group of neurodegenerative diseases and is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Its development includes the impact of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors. Despite high prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and dynamic development of medical science, there is currently no clinically proven causal treatment. The proposed therapies are only symptomatic. However, there is a wide set of substances known as biomarkers that are detected in the blood or in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the stages preceding full-blown Alzheimer's disease. Brief description of the state of knowledge: In order to obtain material for CSF examination, a lumbar puncture must be performed. It is an invasive procedure, with the risk of complications such as bleeding into the spinal cord, infection or even nerve damage. Obtaining a blood sample for testing specific indicators is less invasive and more widely available. Currently, the diagnostic significance of commonly known markers arising in the progress of the AD pathological process, such as amyloid β, tau protein and its phosphorylated form or β-secretase, is being investigated. As the knowledge on the pathogenesis of AD grows, further markers such as ubiquitin, micro RNA or plasma neurofilament light are tested. Conclusions:There is a collection of biomarkers that can perform a diagnostic function for Alzheimer's disease. Due to the advantages of blood and plasma testing, basing the diagnosis of early forms of AD on these tests seems to be particularly interesting. However, the use of biomarkers on a global scale requires further research and test standardization, as well as the development of guidelines for their interpretation. Key words: Alzheimer’s disease; blood biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers; dementia