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3. Definition and use of functional analogues in planetary exploration

Author

Foucher, F., Hickman-Lewis, K., Hutzler, A., Joy, K.H., Folco, L., Bridges, J.C., Wozniakiewicz, P., Martínez-Frías, J., Debaille, V., Zolensky, M., Yano, H., Bost, N., Ferrière, L., Lee, M., Michalski, J., Schroeven-Deceuninck, H., Kminek, G., Viso, M., Russell, S., Smith, C., Zipfel, J., and Westall, F.

Published
2021
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4. Exoplanet Characterization and the Search for Life

Author

Kasting, J., Traub, W., Roberge, A., Leger, A., Schwartz, A., Wooten, A., Vosteen, A., Lo, A., Brack, A., Tanner, A., Coustenis, A., Lane, B., Oppenheimer, B., Mennesson, B., Lopez, B., Grillmair, C., Beichman, C., Cockell, C., Hanot, C., McCarthy, C., Stark, C., Marois, C., Aime, C., Angerhausen, D., Montes, D., Wilner, D., Defrere, D., Mourard, D., Lin, D., Kite, E., Chassefiere, E., Malbet, F., Tian, F., Westall, F., Illingworth, G., Vasisht, G., Serabyn, G., Marcy, G., Bryden, G., White, G., Laughlin, G., Torres, G., Hammel, H., Ferguson, H., Shibai, H., Rottgering, H., Surdej, J., Wiseman, J., Ge, J., Bally, J., Krist, J., Monnier, J., Trauger, J., Horner, J., Catanzarite, J., Harrington, J., Nishikawa, J., Stapelfeldt, K., von Braun, K., Biazzo, K., Carpenter, K., Balasubramanian, K., Kaltenegger, L., Postman, M., Spaans, M., Turnbull, M., Levine, M., Burchell, M., Ealey, M., Kuchner, M., Marley, M., Dominik, M., Mountain, M., Kenworthy, M., Muterspaugh, M., Shao, M., Zhao, M., Tamura, M., Kasdin, N., Haghighipour, N., Kiang, N., Elias, N., Woolf, N., Mason, N., Absil, O., Guyon, O., Lay, O., Borde, P., Fouque, P., Kalas, P., Lowrance, P., Plavchan, P., Hinz, P., Kervella, P., Chen, P., Akeson, R., Soummer, R., Waters, R., Barry, R., Kendrick, R., Brown, R., Vanderbei, R., Woodruff, R., Danner, R., Allen, R., Polidan, R., Seager, S., MacPhee, S., Hosseini, S., Metchev, S., Kafka, S., Ridgway, S., Rinehart, S., Unwin, S., Shaklan, S., Brummelaar, T. ten, Mazeh, T., Meadows, V., Weiss, W., Danchi, W., Ip, W., and Rabbia, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Over 300 extrasolar planets (exoplanets) have been detected orbiting nearby stars. We now hope to conduct a census of all planets around nearby stars and to characterize their atmospheres and surfaces with spectroscopy. Rocky planets within their star's habitable zones have the highest priority, as these have the potential to harbor life. Our science goal is to find and characterize all nearby exoplanets; this requires that we measure the mass, orbit, and spectroscopic signature of each one at visible and infrared wavelengths. The techniques for doing this are at hand today. Within the decade we could answer long-standing questions about the evolution and nature of other planetary systems, and we could search for clues as to whether life exists elsewhere in our galactic neighborhood., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Astro2010 Decadal Review

Published
2009

5. Report of the workshop for life detection in samples from Mars

Author

Kminek, G, Conley, C, Allen, CC, Bartlett, DH, Beaty, DW, Benning, LG, Bhartia, R, Boston, PJ, Duchaine, C, Farmer, JD, Flynn, GJ, Glavin, DP, Gorby, Y, Hallsworth, JE, Mogul, R, Moser, D, Buford Price, P, Pukall, R, Fernandez-Remolar, D, Smith, CL, Stedman, K, Steele, A, Stepanauskas, R, Sun, H, Vago, JL, Voytek, MA, Weiss, PS, and Westall, F

Abstract

The question of whether there is or was life on Mars has been one of the most pivotal since Schiaparellis' telescopic observations of the red planet. With the advent of the space age, this question can be addressed directly by exploring the surface of Mars and by bringing samples to Earth for analysis. The latter, however, is not free of problems. Life can be found virtually everywhere on Earth. Hence the potential for contaminating the Mars samples and compromising their scientific integrity is not negligible. Conversely, if life is present in samples from Mars, this may represent a potential source of extraterrestrial biological contamination for Earth. A range of measures and policies, collectively termed 'planetary protection', are employed to minimise risks and thereby prevent undesirable consequences for the terrestrial biosphere. This report documents discussions and conclusions from a workshop held in 2012, which followed a public conference focused on current capabilities for performing life-detection studies on Mars samples. The workshop focused on the evaluation of Mars samples that would maximise scientific productivity and inform decision making in the context of planetary protection. Workshop participants developed a strong consensus that the same measurements could be employed to effectively inform both science and planetary protection, when applied in the context of two competing hypotheses: 1) that there is no detectable life in the samples; or 2) that there is martian life in the samples. Participants then outlined a sequence for sample processing and defined analytical methods that would test these hypotheses. They also identified critical developments to enable the analysis of samples from Mars. © 2014 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR).

Published
2014

6. Microbial mat-induced microfacies in clastic deposits - An overview.

Author

Noffke, N., Buntin, C., Drabon, N., Hickman-Lewis, K., Manning-Berg, A., and Westall, F.

Subjects
MICROBIAL mats, BED load, SEDIMENTATION & deposition, SUBSTRATES (Materials science), SEDIMENTS
Abstract

This contribution reviews microbial microfacies recognisable in vertical sections through modern or fossil matovergrown sediment. Microfacies are products of endobenthic or epibenthic microbial mats interacting with sediment dynamics. Laminae of such mats form during sediment dynamic quiescence by organisation of filaments to an interwoven mat fabrics (binding), and biomass enrichment (growth) by cell replication and the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Vertical sections through mat-covered sediment may show buried stacks of subrecent mat laminae (biolaminites) that rose from alternating periods of mat development and sediment deposition. Mat laminae that drape ripple marks are visible as sinoidal structures in sediment core or sections. If the sediment-stabilising properties of a microbial mat is overcome by currents or waves of high strengths, cmsize mat fragments (mat chips and roll-ups) are ripped off and redeposited. Intrasedimenary gases, trapped beneath mat layers, may cause a high secondary porosity (sponge pore sand) in the sandy substrates. The internal build-up (microfabrics) of mat laminae is investigated under high magnification. Endobenthic microbial mat fabrics include filamentous and coccoid cells forming a network, EPS, and sedimentary grains. The grains derived from interaction of the endobenthic mats with bed load. Epibenthic microbial mat fabrics may include also silt-size particles syndepositionally enriched by baffling and trapping of suspension load. The fabrics of these mats commonly also include oriented sedimentary grains. These grains (now aligned bedding parallel) were dragged upward from the substrate during the development and growth of the mat. Overall, microbial microfacies provide insight into the sedimentation pattern of the (paleo-)environment and into the types of the substrate-colonising microbial mats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. DARWIN - A Mission to Detect, and Search for Life on, Extrasolar Planets

Author

Cockell, C. S., Leger, A., Fridlund, M., Herbst, T., Kaltenegger, L., Absil, O., Beichman, C., Benz, W., Blanc, M., Brack, A., Chelli, A., Colangeli, L., Cottin, H., Foresto, V. Coude du, Danchi, W., Defrere, D., Herder, J. -W. den, Eiroa, C., Greaves, J., Henning, T., Johnston, K., Jones, H., Labadie, L., Lammer, H., Launhardt, R., Lawson, P., Lay, O. P., LeDuigou, J. -M., Liseau, R., Malbet, F., Martin, S. R., Mawet, D., Mourard, D., Moutou, C., Mugnier, L., Paresce, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rabbia, Y., Raven, J. A., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rouan, D., Santos, N., Selsis, F., Serabyn, E., Shibai, H., Tamura, M., Thiebaut, E., Westall, F., White, and Glenn, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The discovery of extra-solar planets is one of the greatest achievements of modern astronomy. The detection of planets with a wide range of masses demonstrates that extra-solar planets of low mass exist. In this paper we describe a mission, called Darwin, whose primary goal is the search for, and characterization of, terrestrial extrasolar planets and the search for life. Accomplishing the mission objectives will require collaborative science across disciplines including astrophysics, planetary sciences, chemistry and microbiology. Darwin is designed to detect and perform spectroscopic analysis of rocky planets similar to the Earth at mid-infrared wavelengths (6 - 20 micron), where an advantageous contrast ratio between star and planet occurs. The baseline mission lasts 5 years and consists of approximately 200 individual target stars. Among these, 25 to 50 planetary systems can be studied spectroscopically, searching for gases such as CO2, H2O, CH4 and O3. Many of the key technologies required for the construction of Darwin have already been demonstrated and the remainder are estimated to be mature in the near future. Darwin is a mission that will ignite intense interest in both the research community and the wider public.

Published
2008
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10. The Emergence of Life

Author

Camprubí, E., de Leeuw, J. W., House, C. H., Raulin, F., Russell, M. J., Spang, A., Tirumalai, M. R., and Westall, F.

Published
2019
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12. Time-Sensitive Aspects of Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science

Author

Tosca, N. J., Agee, Carl, Cockell, C., Glavin, D P, Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, B., McCubbin, F. M., Regberg, Aaron, Velbel, Michael, Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Beaty, D.W., Carrier, B. L., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, Barbara, Debaille, V, Grady, M., Hauber, Ernst, Pratt, Lisa, Smith, Alvin, Smith, C., Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Tait, Kimberly, Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Wadhwa, M., Westall, F., Zorzano, M.-P., Tosca N. J., Beaty D. W., Carrier B. L., Agee C. B., Cockell C. S., Glavin D. P., Hutzler A., Marty B., McCubbin F. M., Regberg A. B., Velbel M. A., Kminek G., Meyer M. A., Haltigin T., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Debaille V., Grady M. M., Hauber E., Hays L. E., Pratt L. M., Smith A. L., Smith C. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., Tait K. T., Udry A., Usui T., Wadhwa M., Westall F., Zorzano M. -P., University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], University of Edinburgh, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), European Space Agency (ESA), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, NASA Headquarters, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Tosca, Nicholas [0000-0003-4415-4231], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Minerals, geology, Extraterrestrial Environment, laboratory experiments, Sulfates, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], astrobiology, Mars, Space Flight, Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science, sample return, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Space and Planetary Science, Exobiology, Clay, Gases
Abstract

Samples returned from Mars would be placed under quarantine at a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) until they are considered safe to release to other laboratories for further study. The process of determining whether samples are safe for release, which may involve detailed analysis and/or sterilization, is expected to take several months. However, the process of breaking the sample tube seal and extracting the headspace gas will perturb local equilibrium conditions between gas and rock and set in motion irreversible processes that proceed as a function of time. Unless these time-sensitive processes are understood, planned for, and/or monitored during the quarantine period, scientific information expected from further analysis may be lost forever. At least four processes underpin the time-sensitivity of Mars returned sample science: (1) degradation of organic material of potential biological origin, (2) modification of sample headspace gas composition, (3) mineral-volatile exchange, and (4) oxidation/reduction of redox-sensitive materials. Available constraints on the timescales associated with these processes supports the conclusion that an SRF must have the capability to characterize attributes such as sample tube headspace gas composition, organic material of potential biological origin, as well as volatiles and their solid-phase hosts. Because most time-sensitive investigations are also sensitive to sterilization, these must be completed inside the SRF and on timescales of several months or less. To that end, we detail recommendations for how sample preparation and analysis could complete these investigations as efficiently as possible within an SRF. Finally, because constraints on characteristic timescales that define time-sensitivity for some processes are uncertain, future work should focus on: (1) quantifying the timescales of volatile exchange for core material physically and mineralogically similar to samples expected to be returned from Mars, and (2) identifying and developing stabilization or temporary storage strategies that mitigate volatile exchange until analysis can be completed. Executive Summary Any samples returned from Mars would be placed under quarantine at a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) until it can be determined that they are safe to release to other laboratories for further study. The process of determining whether samples are safe for release, which may involve detailed analysis and/or sterilization, is expected to take several months. However, the process of breaking the sample tube seal and extracting the headspace gas would perturb local equilibrium conditions between gas and rock and set in motion irreversible processes that proceed as a function of time. Unless these processes are understood, planned for, and/or monitored during the quarantine period, scientific information expected from further analysis may be lost forever. Specialist members of the Mars Sample Return Planning Group Phase 2 (MSPG-2), referred to here as the Time-Sensitive Focus Group, have identified four processes that underpin the time-sensitivity of Mars returned sample science: (1) degradation of organic material of potential biological origin, (2) modification of sample headspace gas composition, (3) mineral-volatile exchange, and (4) oxidation/reduction of redox-sensitive materials (Figure 2). Consideration of the timescales and the degree to which these processes jeopardize scientific investigations of returned samples supports the conclusion that an SRF must have the capability to characterize: (1) sample tube headspace gas composition, (2) organic material of potential biological origin, (3) volatiles bound to or within minerals, and (4) minerals or other solids that host volatiles (Table 4). Most of the investigations classified as time-sensitive in this report are also sensitive to sterilization by either heat treatment and/or gamma irradiation (Velbel et al., 2022). Therefore, these investigations must be completed inside biocontainment and on timescales that minimize the irrecoverable loss of scientific information (i.e., several months or less; Section 5). To that end, the Time-Sensitive Focus Group has outlined a number of specific recommendations for sample preparation and instrumentation in order to complete these investigations as efficiently as possible within an SRF (Table 5). Constraints on the characteristic timescales that define time-sensitivity for different processes can range from relatively coarse to uncertain (Section 4). Thus, future work should focus on: (1) quantifying the timescales of volatile exchange for variably lithified core material physically and mineralogically similar to samples expected to be returned from Mars, and (2) identifying and developing stabilization strategies or temporary storage strategies that mitigate volatile exchange until analysis can be completed. List of Findings FINDING T-1: Aqueous phases, and oxidants liberated by exposure of the sample to aqueous phases, mediate and accelerate the degradation of critically important but sensitive organic compounds such as DNA. FINDING T-2: Warming samples increases reaction rates and destroys compounds making biological studies much more time-sensitive. MAJOR FINDING T-3: Given the potential for rapid degradation of biomolecules, (especially in the presence of aqueous phases and/or reactive O-containing compounds) Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP) and parallel biological analysis are time sensitive and must be carried out as soon as possible. FINDING T-4: If molecules or whole cells from either extant or extinct organisms have persisted under present-day martian conditions in the samples, then it follows that preserving sample aliquots under those same conditions (i.e., 6 mbar total pressure in a dominantly CO2 atmosphere and at an average temperature of -80°C) in a small isolation chamber is likely to allow for their continued persistence. FINDING T-5: Volatile compounds (e.g., HCN and formaldehyde) have been lost from Solar System materials stored under standard curation conditions. FINDING T-6: Reactive O-containing species have been identified in situ at the martian surface and so may be present in rock or regolith samples returned from Mars. These species rapidly degrade organic molecules and react more rapidly as temperature and humidity increase. FINDING T-7: Because the sample tubes would not be closed with perfect seals and because, after arrival on Earth, there will be a large pressure gradient across that seal such that the probability of contamination of the tube interiors by terrestrial gases increases with time, the as-received sample tubes are considered a poor choice for long-term gas sample storage. This is an important element of time sensitivity. MAJOR FINDING T-8: To determine how volatiles may have been exchanged with headspace gas during transit to Earth, the composition of martian atmosphere (in a separately sealed reservoir and/or extracted from the witness tubes), sample headspace gas composition, temperature/time history of the samples, and mineral composition (including mineral-bound volatiles) must all be quantified. When the sample tube seal is breached, mineral-bound volatile loss to the curation atmosphere jeopardizes robust determination of volatile exchange history between mineral and headspace. FINDING T-9: Previous experiments with mineral powders show that sulfate minerals are susceptible to H2O loss over timescales of hours to days. In addition to volatile loss, these processes are accompanied by mineralogical transformation. Thus, investigations targeting these minerals should be considered time-sensitive. FINDING T-10: Sulfate minerals may be stabilized by storage under fixed relative-humidity conditions, but only if the identity of the sulfate phase(s) is known a priori. In addition, other methods such as freezing may also stabilize these minerals against volatile loss. FINDING T-11: Hydrous perchlorate salts are likely to undergo phase transitions and volatile exchange with ambient surroundings in hours to days under temperature and relative humidity ranges typical of laboratory environments. However, the exact timescale over which these processes occur is likely a function of grain size, lithification, and/or cementation. FINDING T-12: Nanocrystalline or X-ray amorphous materials are typically stabilized by high proportions of surface adsorbed H2O. Because this surface adsorbed H2O is weakly bound compared to bulk materials, nanocrystalline materials are likely to undergo irreversible ripening reactions in response to volatile loss, which in turn results in decreases in specific surface area and increases in crystallinity. These reactions are expected to occur over the timescale of weeks to months under curation conditions. Therefore, the crystallinity and specific surface area of nanocrystalline materials should be characterized and monitored within a few months of opening the sample tubes. These are considered time-sensitive measurements that must be made as soon as possible. FINDING T-13: Volcanic and impact glasses, as well as opal-CT, are metastable in air and susceptible to alteration and volatile exchange with other solid phases and ambient headspace. However, available constraints indicate that these reactions are expected to proceed slowly under typical laboratory conditions (i.e., several years) and so analyses targeting these materials are not considered time sensitive. FINDING T-14: Surface adsorbed and interlayer-bound H2O in clay minerals is susceptible to exchange with ambient surroundings at timescales of hours to days, although the timescale may be modified depending on the degree of lithification or cementation. Even though structural properties of clay minerals remain unaffected during this process (with the exception of the interlayer spacing), investigations targeting H2O or other volatiles bound on or within clay minerals should be considered time sensitive upon opening the sample tube. FINDING T-15: Hydrated Mg-carbonates are susceptible to volatile loss and recrystallization and transformation over timespans of months or longer, though this timescale may be modified by the degree of lithification and cementation. Investigations targeting hydrated carbonate minerals (either the volatiles they host or their bulk mineralogical properties) should be considered time sensitive upon opening the sample tube. MAJOR FINDING T-16: Current understanding of mineral-volatile exchange rates and processes is largely derived from monomineralic experiments and systems with high surface area; lithified sedimentary rocks (accounting for some, but not all, of the samples in the cache) will behave differently in this regard and are likely to be associated with longer time constants controlled in part by grain boundary diffusion. Although insufficient information is available to quantify this at the present time, the timescale of mineral-volatile exchange in lithified samples is likely to overlap with the sample processing and curation workflow (i.e., 1-10 months; Table 4). This underscores the need to prioritize measurements targeting mineral-hosted volatiles within biocontainment. FINDING T-17: The liberation of reactive O-species through sample treatment or processing involving H2O (e.g., rinsing, solvent extraction, particle size separation in aqueous solution, or other chemical extraction or preparation protocols) is likely to result in oxidation of some component of redox-sensitive materials in a matter of hours. The presence of reactive O-species should be examined before sample processing steps that seek to preserve or target redox-sensitive minerals. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is one example of an effective analytical method capable of detecting and characterizing the presence of reactive O-species. FINDING T-18: Environments that maintain anoxia under inert gas containing <

Published
2022
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13. Advanced two- and three-dimensional insights into Earth's oldest stromatolites (ca. 3.5 Ga): Prospects for the search for life on Mars

Author

Hickman-Lewis, K., primary, Cavalazzi, B., additional, Giannoukos, K., additional, D'Amico, L., additional, Vrbaski, S., additional, Saccomano, G., additional, Dreossi, D., additional, Tromba, G., additional, Foucher, F., additional, Brownscombe, W., additional, Smith, C.L., additional, and Westall, F., additional

Published
2022
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16. Report of the iMOST Study

Author

Zorzano, M.P, Zipfel, J, Wheeler, R.M, Westall, F, Werner, S.C, Weiss, B.P, Wadhwa, M, Van Kranendonk, M.J, Usui, T, Tosca, N.J, Kate, I.L, Swindle, T.D, Steele, A, Spry, J.A, Smith, C.L, Siljeström, S, Shuster, D.L, Sharp, Z.D, Shaheen, R, Sephton, M.A, Schwenzer, S.P, Schmitz, N, Rucker, M.A, Rettberg, P, Raulin, F, Ori, G.G, Niles, P.B, Mustard, J.F, Moynier, F, Moser, D.E, McLennan, S.M, McCubbin, F.M, McCoy, J.T, Mayhew, L.E, Mangold, N, Mackelprang, R, Kleinhenz, J, Kleine, T, Humayun, M, Horgan, B, Herd, C.D.K, Hausrath, E.M, Harrington, A.D, Hallis, L.J, Goreva, Y.S, Glavin, D.P, Fogarty, J, Filiberto, J, Fernandez-Remolar, D.C, Farmer, J.D, Ehlmann, B.L, Dixon, M, Des Marais, D.J, Debaille, V, Czaja, A.D, Campbell, K.A, Busemann, H, Brucato, J.R, Boucher, D, Borg, L.E, Bishop, J.L, Benning, L.G, Anand, M, Ammannito, E, Amelin, Y, Altieri, F, Carrier, B. L, Sefton-Nash, E, McSween, H. Y, Grady, M. M, and Beaty, D. W

Abstract

UNKNOWN

Published
2018

17. Report of the iMOST Study

Author

Beaty, D. W, Grady, M. M, McSween, H. Y, Sefton-Nash, E, Carrier, B. L, Altieri, F, Amelin, Y, Ammannito, E, Anand, M, Benning, L.G, Bishop, J.L, Borg, L.E, Boucher, D, Brucato, J.R, Busemann, H, Campbell, K.A, Czaja, A.D, Debaille, V, Des Marais, D.J, Dixon, M, Ehlmann, B.L, Farmer, J.D, Fernandez-Remolar, D.C, Filiberto, J, Fogarty, J, Glavin, D.P, Goreva, Y.S, Hallis, L.J, Harrington, A.D, Hausrath, E.M, Herd, C.D.K, Horgan, B, Humayun, M, Kleine, T, Kleinhenz, J, Mackelprang, R, Mangold, N, Mayhew, L.E, McCoy, J.T, McCubbin, F.M, McLennan, S.M, Moser, D.E, Moynier, F, Mustard, J.F, Niles, P.B, Ori, G.G, Raulin, F, Rettberg, P, Rucker, M.A, Schmitz, N, Schwenzer, S.P, Sephton, M.A, Shaheen, R, Sharp, Z.D, Shuster, D.L, Siljeström, S, Smith, C.L, Spry, J.A, Steele, A, Swindle, T.D, Kate, I.L, Tosca, N.J, Usui, T, Van Kranendonk, M.J, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B.P, Werner, S.C, Westall, F, Wheeler, R.M, Zipfel, J, and Zorzano, M.P

Published
2018

18. Seeking Signs of Life on Mars: the Importance of Sedimentary Suites as Part of a Mars Sample Return Campaign

Author

Mangold, N, McLennan, S. M, Czaja, A. D, Ori, G. G, Tosca, N. J, Altieri, F, Amelin, Y, Ammannito, E, Anand, M, Beaty, D. W, Benning, L. G, Bishop, J. L, Borg, L. E, Boucher, D, Brucato, J. R, Busemann, H, Campbell, K. A, Carrier, B. L, Debaille, V, Des Marais, D. J, Dixon, M, Ehlmann, B. L, Farmer, J. D, Fernandez-Remolar, D. C, Fogarty, J, Glavin, D. P, Goreva, Y. S, Grady, M. M, Hallis, L. J, Harrington, A. D, Hausrath, E. M, Herd, C. D. K, Horgan, B, Humayun, M, Kleine, T, Kleinhenz, J, Mackelprang, R, Mayhew, L. E, McCubbin, F. M, McCoy, J. T, McSween, H. Y, Moser, D. E, Moynier, F, Mustard, J. F, Niles, P. B, Raulin, F, Rettberg, P, Rucker, M. A, Schmitz, N, Sefton-Nash, E, Sephton, M. A, Shaheen, R, Shuster, D. L, Siljeström, S, Smith, C. L, Spry, J. A, Steele, A, Swindle, T. D, ten Kate, I. L, Usui, T, Van Kranendonk, M. J, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B. P, Werner, S. C, Westall, F, Wheeler, R. M, Zipfel, J, and Zorzano, M. P

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

Seeking the signs of life on Mars is often considered the "first among equal" objectives for any potential Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign. Among the geological settings considered to have the greatest potential for recording evidence of ancient life or its pre-biotic chemistry on Mars are lacustrine (and marine, if ever present) sedimentary depositional environments. This potential, and the possibility of returning samples that could meaningfully address this objective, have been greatly enhanced by investigations of an ancient redox stratified lake system in Gale crater by the Curiosity rover.

Published
2018

19. Seeking Signs of Life on Mars: A Strategy for Selecting and Analyzing Returned Samples from Hydrothermal Deposits

Author

Campbell, K. A, Farmer, J. D, Van Kranendonk, M. J, Fernandez-Remolar, D. C, Czaja, A. D, Altieri, F, Amelin, Y, Ammannito, E, Anand, M, Beaty, D. W, Benning, L. G, Bishop, J. L, Borg, L. E, Boucher, D, Brucato, J. R, Busemann, J. R, Carrier, B. L, Debaille, V, Des Marais, D. J, Dixon, M, Ehlmann, B. L, Fogarty, James T, Glavin, D. P, Goreva, Y. S, Grady, M. M, Hallis, L. J, Harrington, A. D, Hausrath, E. M, Herd, C. D. K, Horgan, B, Humayun, M, Kleine, T, Kleinhenz, J, Mangold, N, Mackelprang, R, Mayhew, L. E, McCubbin, F. M, Mccoy, Teresa R, McLennan, S. M, McSween, H. Y, Moser, D. E, Moynier, F, Mustard, J. F, Niles, P. B, Ori, G. G, Raulin, F, Rettberg, P, Rucker, Michelle A, Schmitz, N, Sefton-Nash, E, Sephton, M. A, Shaheen, R, Shuster, D. L, Siljestrom, S, Smith, C. L, Spry, J. A, Steele, A, Swindle, T. D, ten Kate, I. L, Tosca, N. J, Usui, T, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B. P, Werner, S. C, Westall, F, Wheeler, R. M, Zipfel, J, and Zorzano, M. P

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

Highly promising locales for biosignature prospecting on Mars are ancient hydrothermal deposits, formed by the interaction of surface water with heat from volcanism or impacts. On Earth, they occur throughout the geological record (to at least approx. 3.5 Ga), preserving robust mineralogical, textural and compositional evidence of thermophilic microbial activity. Hydrothermal systems were likely present early in Mars' history, including at two of the three finalist candidate landing sites for M2020, Columbia Hills and NE Syrtis Major. Hydrothermal environments on Earth's surface are varied, constituting subaerial hot spring aprons, mounds and fumaroles; shallow to deep-sea hydrothermal vents (black and white smokers); and vent mounds and hot-spring discharges in lacustrine and fluvial settings. Biological information can be preserved by rapid, spring-sourced mineral precipitation, but also could be altered or destroyed by postdepositional events. Thus, field observations need to be followed by detailed laboratory analysis to verify potential biosignatures. See Attachment

Published
2018

20. Microbial Metabolism of Amino Acids—Biologically Induced Removal of Glycine and the Resulting Fingerprint as a Potential Biosignature

Author

Schwendner, P., Riedo, A., Melton, D., Horvath, P., Lindner, R., Ehrenfreund, P., Beblo-Vranesevic, K., Rettberg, P., Rabbow, E., Westall, F., Bashir, A., Moissl-Eichinger, C., Garcia-Descalzo, L., Gomez, F., Amils, R., Þór Marteinsson, V., Walter, N., and Cockell, C.S.

Subjects
amino acids, habitability, search for life, biomarker, Astronomy and Astrophysics, microbial degradation, glycine
Abstract

The identification of reliable biomarkers, such as amino acids, is key for the search of extraterrestrial life. A large number of microorganisms metabolize, synthesize, take up and excrete amino acids as part of the amino acid metabolism during aerobic and/or anaerobic respiration or in fermentation. In this work, we investigated whether the anaerobic microbial metabolism of amino acids could leave a secondary biosignature indicating biological activity in the environment around the cells. The observed fingerprints would reflect the physiological capabilities of the specific microbial community under investigation. The metabolic processing of an amino acid mixture by two distinct anaerobic microbial communities collected from Islinger Mühlbach (ISM) and Sippenauer Moor (SM), Germany was examined. The amino acid mixture contained L-alanine, β-alanine, L-aspartic acid, DL-proline, L-leucine, L-valine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-isoleucine. In parallel, an amino acid spiked medium without microorganisms was used as a control to determine abiotic changes over time. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to track amino acid changes over time. When comparing to the control samples that did not show significant changes of amino acids concentrations over time, we found that glycine was almost completely depleted from both microbial samples to less than 3% after the first two weeks- This results indicates a preferential use of this simple amino acid by these microbial communities. Although glycine degradation can be caused by abiotic processes, these results show that its preferential depletion in an environment would be consistent with the presence of life. We found changes in most other amino acids that varied between amino acids and communities, suggesting complex dynamics with no clear universal pattern that might be used as a signature of life. However, marked increases in amino acids, caused by cellular synthesis and release into the extracellular environment (e.g., alanine), were observed and could be considered a signature of metabolic activity. We conclude, that substantial anomalous enhancements of some amino acids against the expected abiotic background concentration may be an agnostic signature of the presence of biological processes.

Published
2022
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23. Exploring the Shallow Subsurface of Mars with the Ma_MISS Spectrometer on the ExoMars Rover Rosalind Franklin

Author

De Sanctis, M. C., primary, Altieri, F., additional, Ammannito, E., additional, De Angelis, S., additional, Ehlmann, B., additional, Ferrari, M., additional, Frigeri, A., additional, Fonte, S., additional, Formisano, M., additional, Giardino, M., additional, Apuzzo, A., additional, Brossier, J., additional, Costa, N., additional, Rossi, L., additional, Vizzini, G., additional, Ciarletti, G. V., additional, and Westall, F., additional

Published
2022
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24. Exploring the Martian Subsurface with Ma_MISS EXOMARS 2022

Author

De Sanctis, C.M., Altieri, F., Ammanito, Eleonora, De Angelis, Simone, Ehlmann, B, Ferrari, M., Frigeri, A., Fonte, S., Formisano, M., Apuzzo, A., Brossier, Jérémy F., Costa, N., Rossi, L., Vizzini, G., Giardino, M., Mugnuolo, R., Pirrotta, Simone, Bibring, J-.P., Di Iorio, T., Cappacioni, F., Capria, M. T., Ciarletti, V., Cousins, Claire R, Ercoli Finzi, Amalia, Federico, C., Magni, G., Korablev, O., Lavagna, Michèle, Mantsevich, S., Piccioni, G., Stephan, Katrin, and Westall, F.

Subjects
Mars, Ma_MISS, Exomars
Published
2022

25. Science and Curation Considerations for the Design of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Sample Receiving Facility

Author

Carrier, B. L., Beaty, D., Hutzler, Aurore, Smith, Alvin, Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Agee, Carl, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, B., Cockell, C., Debaille, V, Glavin, D P, Grady, M., Hauber, Ernst, Marty, B., McCubbin, F. M., Pratt, Lisa, Regberg, Aaron, Smith, C., Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Tait, Kimberly, Tosca, N. J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael, Wadhwa, M., Westall, F., Zorzano, M.-P., California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), European Space Agency (ESA), NASA Headquarters, Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Tokyo] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Frapart, Isabelle, Carrier B. L., Beaty D. W., Hutzler A., Smith A. L., Kminek G., Meyer M. A., Haltigin T., Hays L. E., Agee C. B., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Cockell C. S., Debaille V., Glavin D. P., Grady M. M., and Hauber E., Marty B., McCubbin F. M., Pratt L. M., Regberg A. B., Smith C. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., Tait K. T., Tosca N. J., Udry A., Usui T., Velbel M. A., Wadhwa M., Westall F., Zorzano M. -P.

Subjects
geology, Extraterrestrial Environment, laboratory experiments, Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP), Plant Extracts, astrobiology, Reproducibility of Results, Mars, intrumentation, Space Flight, sample return, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], containment, contamination, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Sample Receiving Facility (SRF), Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign, Spacecraft
Abstract

The most important single element of the "ground system" portion of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign is a facility referred to as the Sample Receiving Facility (SRF), which would need to be designed and equipped to receive the returned spacecraft, extract and open the sealed sample container, extract the samples from the sample tubes, and implement a set of evaluations and analyses of the samples. One of the main findings of the first MSR Sample Planning Group (MSPG, 2019a) states that "The scientific community, for reasons of scientific quality, cost, and timeliness, strongly prefers that as many sample-related investigations as possible be performed in PI-led laboratories outside containment." There are many scientific and technical reasons for this preference, including the ability to utilize advanced and customized instrumentation that may be difficult to reproduce inside in a biocontained facility, and the ability to allow multiple science investigators in different labs to perform similar or complementary analyses to confirm the reproducibility and accuracy of results. It is also reasonable to assume that there will be a desire for the SRF to be as efficient and economical as possible, while still enabling the objectives of MSR to be achieved. For these reasons, MSPG concluded, and MSPG2 agrees, that the SRF should be designed to accommodate only those analytical activities that could not reasonably be done in outside laboratories because they are time- or sterilization-sensitive, are necessary for the Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP), or are necessary parts of the initial sample characterization process that would allow subsamples to be effectively allocated for investigation. All of this must be accommodated in an SRF, while preserving the scientific value of the samples through maintenance of strict environmental and contamination control standards. Executive Summary The most important single element of the "ground system" portion of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign is a facility referred to as the Sample Receiving Facility (SRF), which would need to be designed and equipped to enable receipt of the returned spacecraft, extraction and opening of the sealed sample container, extraction of the samples from the sample tubes, and a set of evaluations and analyses of the samples-all under strict protocols of biocontainment and contamination control. Some of the important constraints in the areas of cost and required performance have not yet been set by the necessary governmental sponsors, but it is reasonable to assume there will be a desire for the SRF to be as efficient and economical as is possible, while still enabling the objectives of MSR science to be achieved. Additionally, one of the main findings of MSR Sample Planning Group (MSPG, 2019a) states "The scientific community, for reasons of scientific quality, cost, and timeliness, strongly prefers that as many sample-related investigations as possible be performed in PI-led laboratories outside containment." There are many scientific and technical reasons for this preference, including the ability to utilize advanced and customized instrumentation that may be difficult to reproduce inside a biocontained facility. Another benefit is the ability to enable similar or complementary analyses by multiple science investigators in different laboratories, which would confirm the reproducibility and accuracy of results. For these reasons, the MSPG concluded-and the MSR Science Planning Group Phase 2 (MSPG2) agrees-that the SRF should be designed to accommodate only those analytical activities inside biocontainment that could

Published
2021
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27. Report of the COSPAR mars special regions colloquium

Author

Kminek, G., Rummel, J.D., Cockell, C.S., Atlas, R., Barlow, N., Beaty, D., Boynton, W., Carr, M., Clifford, S., Conley, C.A., Davila, A.F., Debus, A., Doran, P., Hecht, M., Heldmann, J., Helbert, J., Hipkin, V., Horneck, G., Kieft, T.L., Klingelhoefer, G., Meyer, M., Newsom, H., Ori, G.G., Parnell, J., Prieur, D., Raulin, F., Schulze-Makuch, D., Spry, J.A., Stabekis, P.E., Stackebrandt, E., Vago, J., Viso, M., Voytek, M., Wells, L., and Westall, F.

Published
2010
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28. Fluids During Diagenesis and Sulfate Vein Formation in Sediments at Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Schwenzer, S. P, Bridges, J. C, Weins, R. C, Conrad, P. G, Kelley, S. P, Leveille, R, Mangold, N, Martin-Torres, J, McAdam, A, Newsom, H, Zorzano, M. P, Rapin, W, Spray, J, Treiman, A. H, Westall, F, Fairen, A. G, and Meslin, P.-Y

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

We model the fluids involved in the alteration processes recorded in the Sheep bed Member mudstones of Yellowknife Bay (YKB), Gale crater, Mars, as revealed by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover investigations. We compare the Gale crater waters with fluids modeled for shergottites, nakhlites, and the ancient meteorite ALH 84001, as well as rocks analyzed by the Mars Exploration rovers, and with terrestrial ground and surface waters. The aqueous solution present during sediment alteration associated with phyllosilicate formation at Gale was high in Na, K, and Si; had low Mg, Fe, and Al concentrations relative to terrestrial ground waters such as the Deccan Traps and other modeled Mars fluids; and had near neutral to alkaline pH. Ca and S species were present in the 10(exp -3) to 10(exp -2) concentration range. A fluid local to Gale crater strata produced the alteration products observed by Curiosity and subsequent evaporation of this ground water- type fluid formed impure sulfate- and silica-rich deposits veins or horizons. In a second, separate stage of alteration, partial dissolution of this sulfate-rich layer in Yellowknife Bay,or beyond, led to the pure sulfate veins observed in YKB. This scenario is analogous to similar processes identified at a terrestrial site in Triassic sediments with gypsum veins of the Mercia Mudstone Group in Watchet Bay, UK.

Published
2016
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30. Ma_MISS ON EXOMARS ROVER: THE INVESTIGATION OF THE MARTIAN SUB-SURFACE

Author

De Sanctis, M., Altieri, F., Ammannito, E., De Angelis, S., Ferrari, M., Fonte, S., Formisano, M., Frigeri, A., Giardino, M., Mugnuolo, R., Pirrotta, S., Di Iorio, T., Capaccioni, F., Capria, M. T., Ciarletti, Valérie, Elhamnn, B., Lavagna, M., Ercoli Finzi, A., Federico, C., Magni, G., Piccioni, G., Westall, F, Stephan, K., Cousin, C., Bibring, Jean-Pierre, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italian Space Agency, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cardon, Catherine, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)

Subjects
Planetengeologie, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Exomars MaMISS
Abstract

International audience; The main goal of the Ma_MISS instrument is to study the Martian sub-surface environment. Access to the Martian subsurface is crucial to constrain nature, timing and duration of alteration and sedimentation processes on Mars, as well as habitability conditions. Subsurface deposits likely host and preserve water ice and hydrated materials diagnostic for understanding the water geochemical environment (both in the liquid and solid state) at the landing site.

Published
2021

31. Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility

Author

Tait, Kimberly, McCubbin, F. M., Smith, C., Agee, Carl, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, B., Debaille, V, Hutzler, Aurore, Usui, Tomohiro, Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Beaty, D., Carrier, B. L., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Cockell, C., Glavin, D. P., Grady, M., Hauber, Ernst, Marty, B., Pratt, Lisa, Regberg, Aaron, Smith, Alvin, Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Tosca, N. J., Udry, Arya, Velbel, Michael, Wadhwa, M., Westall, F., Zorzano, M.-P., Royal Ontario Museum, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), European Space Agency (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), NASA Headquarters, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), University of Edinburgh, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Tait K. T., McCubbin F. M., Smith C. L., Agee C. B., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Debaille V., Hutzler A., Usui T., Kminek G., Meyer M. A., Beaty D. W., Carrier B. L., Haltigin T., Hays L. E., Cockell C. S., Glavin D. P., Grady M. M., Hauber E., Marty B., Pratt L. M., Regberg A. B., Smith A. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., and Tosca N. J.

Subjects
geology, laboratory experiments, Extraterrestrial Environment, Mars Sample Return Planning Group 2 (MSPG2), astrobiology, Mars, Dust, curation, sample return, Space Flight, exploration, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], sample receiving facility, Exobiology, Gases
Abstract

The Mars Sample Return Planning Group 2 (MSPG2) was tasked with identifying the steps that encompass all the curation activities that would happen within the MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) and any anticipated curation-related requirements. An area of specific interest is the necessary analytical instrumentation. The SRF would be a Biosafety Level-4 facility where the returned MSR flight hardware would be opened, the sample tubes accessed, and the martian sample material extracted from the tubes. Characterization of the essential attributes of each sample would be required to provide enough information to prepare a sample catalog used in guiding the preparation of sample-related proposals by the world's research community and informing decisions by the sample allocation committee. The sample catalog would be populated with data and information generated during all phases of activity, including data derived concurrent with Mars 2020 sample-collecting rover activity, sample transport to Earth, and initial sample characterization within the SRF. We conclude that initial sample characterization can best be planned as a set of three sequential phases, which we have called Pre-Basic Characterization (Pre-BC), Basic Characterization (BC), and Preliminary Examination (PE), each of which requires a certain amount of instrumentation. Data on specific samples and subsamples obtained during sample safety assessments and time-sensitive scientific investigations would also be added to the catalog. There are several areas where future work would be beneficial to prepare for the receipt of samples, which would include the design of a sample tube isolation chamber and a strategy for opening the sample tubes and removing dust from the tube exteriors. Executive Summary All material collected from Mars (gases, dust, rock, regolith) would need to be carefully handled, stored, and analyzed following Earth return to minimize the alteration or contamination that could occur on Earth and maximize the scientific information that can be attained from the samples now and into the future. A Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) is where the Earth Entry System (EES) would be opened and the sample tubes opened and processed after they land on Earth. Samples should be accessible for research in biocontainment for time-sensitive studies and eventually, when deemed safe for release after sterilization or biohazard assessment, should be transferred out of biocontainment for allocation to scientific investigators in outside laboratories. There are two main mechanisms for allocation of samples outside the SRF: 1) Wait until the implementation of the Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (Planetary Protection) results concludes that the samples are non-hazardous, 2) Render splits of the samples non-hazardous by means of sterilization. To make these samples accessible, a series of observations and analytical measurements need to be completed to produce a sample catalog for the scientific community. Specialist members of the Mars Sample Return Planning Group Phase 2 (MSPG2), referred to here as the Curation Focus Group, have identified four curation goals that encompass all of the activities within the SRF: 1.Documentation of the state of the sample tubes and their contents prior to opening, 2.Inventory and tracking of the mass of each sample, 3.Preliminary assessment of lithology and any macroscopic forms of heterogeneity (on all the samples, non-invasive, in pristine isolators), 4.Sufficient characterization of the essential attributes of each sample to prepare a sample catalog and respond to requests by the sample allocation committee (partial samples, invasive, outside of pristine isolators). The sample catalog will provide data for the scientific community to make informed requests for samples for scientific investigations and for the approval of allocations of appropriate samples to satisfy these requests. The sample catalog would be populated with data and information generated during all phases of activity, including data derived from the landed Mars 2020 mission, during sample collection and transport to Earth, and reception within the Sample Receiving Facility. Data on specific samples and subsamples would also be generated during curation activities carried out within the Sample Receiving Facility and during sample safety assessments, time-sensitive studies, and a series of initial sample characterization steps we refer to as Pre-Basic Characterization (Pre-BC), Basic Characterization (BC), and Preliminary Examination (PE) phases. A significant portion of the Curation Focus Group's efforts was to determine which instrumentation would be required to produce a sample catalog for the scientific community and how and when certain instrumentation should be used. The goal is to provide enough information for the PIs to request material for their studies but to avoid facilitating studies that target scientific research that is better left to peer-reviewed competitive processes. We reviewed the proposed scientific objectives of the International MSR Objectives and Samples Team (iMOST) (Beaty

Published
2021
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32. The Scientific Importance of Returning Airfall Dust as a Part of Mars Sample Return (MSR)

Author

Grady, M., Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Westall, F., Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Beaty, D., Carrier, B. L., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Agee, Carl, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, B., Cockell, C., Debaille, V, Glavin, D P, Hauber, Ernst, Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, B., McCubbin, F. M., Pratt, Lisa, Regberg, Aaron, Smith, Alvin, Smith, C., Tait, Kimberly, Tosca, N. J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael, Wadhwa, M., Zorzano, M.-P., The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), European Space Agency (ESA), NASA Headquarters, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Aberdeen, and Grady Monica M., Summons Roger E., Swindle Timothy D., Westall Frances, Kminek Gerhard, Meyer Michael A., Beaty David W., Carrier Brandi L., Haltigin Timothy, Hays Lindsay E., Agee Carl B., Busemann Henner, Cavalazzi Barbara, Cockell Charles S., Vinciane Debaille, Glavin Daniel P., Hauber Ernst, Hutzler Aurore, Marty Bernard, McCubbin Francis M., Pratt Lisa M., Regberg Aaron B., Smith Alvin L., Smith Caroline L., Tait Kimberly T., Tosca Nicholas J., Udry Arya, Usui Tomohiro, Velbel Michael A., Wadhwa Meenakshi, Zorzano Maria-Paz

Subjects
geology, Extraterrestrial Environment, MSR Sample Receiving Facility, MSR Campaign elements, surface-atmosphere interaction, Atmosphere, Earth, Planet, Mars, Dust, sample return, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), MSR Campaign, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Humans, samples, global circulation, mineralogy, surface processes, laboratory analysis
Abstract

International audience; Dust transported in the martian atmosphere is of intrinsic scientific interest and has relevance for the planning of human missions in the future. The MSR Campaign, as currently designed, presents an important opportunity to return serendipitous, airfall dust. The tubes containing samples collected by the Perseverance rover would be placed in cache depots on the martian surface perhaps as early as 2023-24 for recovery by a subsequent mission no earlier than 2028-29, and possibly as late as 2030-31. Thus, the sample tube surfaces could passively collect dust for multiple years. This dust is deemed to be exceptionally valuable as it would inform our knowledge and understanding of Mars' global mineralogy, surface processes, surface-atmosphere interactions, and atmospheric circulation. Preliminary calculations suggest that the total mass of such dust on a full set of tubes could be as much as 100 mg and, therefore, sufficient for many types of laboratory analyses. Two planning steps would optimize our ability to take advantage of this opportunity: (1) the dust-covered sample tubes should be loaded into the Orbiting Sample container (OS) with minimal cleaning and (2) the capability to recover this dust early in the workflow within an MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) would need to be established. A further opportunity to advance dust/atmospheric science using MSR, depending upon the design of the MSR Campaign elements, may lie with direct sampling and the return of airborne dust.

Published
2021
Full Text
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35. Searching for Signs of Life on Other Planets: Mars a Case Study

Author

Vago J. L., Westall F., Cavalazzi B., Exo-Mars Science Working Team, Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Bologna, Barbara Cavalazzi, Frances Westall, B. Cavalazzi, F. Westall, and Vago J.L., Westall F., Cavalazzi B., Exo-Mars Science Working Team

Subjects
COSMIC cancer database, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Astrobiology, Orbit, Mar, 13. Climate action, Planet, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Extraterrestrial life, 0103 physical sciences, Missions, ESA, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Biosignature, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Demonstrating the existence of simple life forms (past or present) on a cosmic body other than Earth is exceedingly challenging: (1) A naturally sceptic scientific community expects the evidence to be convincing—for example, several independent lines of analyses performed on a feature where the results can only be explained by a biological process. (2) Most bodies are difficult to explore in situ, just about the only way to achieve the above goal, and even then, typically, several missions are required to understand where to go and what to study. (3) Planets and moons that can only be observed remotely (e.g. exoplanets) or from orbit can at best provide some indirect hints of life potential. The actual verification of life would require studying samples containing biosignatures. With the exception of some active moons where jets and plumes may provide the means for satellites to analyse surface sourced material, most other cases require landing, exploring, collecting samples, and analysing them in situ—or bringing them back to Earth.In this chapter we look at Mars as an example case and propose a scoring system for assigning a confidence value to a group of observations aiming to establish whether a location hosted (or still harbors) microbial life.Life-seeking missions to other planets should target as many biosignatures as possible. Their discoveries cannot be conclusive unless they include powerful analytical chemistry instruments able to study biosignatures of biomolecules and their degradation products.

Published
2019
Full Text
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36. CaliPhoto

Author

Foucher, F., Guimbretière, G., Bost, N., Courtois, A., Luengo, L., Hickman-Lewis, K., Marceau, E., Bergounioux, M., Westall, F., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille, Mathématiques - Analyse, Probabilités, Modélisation - Orléans (MAPMO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

40. Reconstruction multi-échelles de biomes de la vie microbienne dans le Paléoarchéen

Author

K., Hickman-Lewis, Gourcerol, Blandine, Manzini, D., Bréhéret, J.-G., Westall, F., Cavalazzi, B., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Frapart, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

41. De la matière organique extraterrestre préservée dans des sédiments vieux de 3,3 milliards d’années

Author

Westall, F., Gourier, D., Binet, L., Calligaro, T., Cappelli, S., Vezin, H., Bréhéret, J., Hickman-Lewis, K., Gautret, P., Foucher, F., Campbell K., A., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (site ENSCP) (LCMCP (site ENSCP)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRe), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

42. Mechanistic morphogenesis of organo-sedimentary structures growing under geochemically stressed conditions: keystone to the interpretation of some Archaean stromatolites?

Author

Hickman-Lewis, K., Gautret, P., Arbaret, L., Sorieul, S., de Wit, R., Foucher, Frédéric, Cavalazzi, B., Westall, F., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Frapart, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

43. Testing the ExoMars 2020 scientific exploration protocol

Author

Frédéric Foucher, Hickman-Lewis, K., Sandra Pelletier, Messori, F., Westall, F., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Frapart, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2019

44. Réflexion sur l’utilisation de drones comme vecteurs robotiques pour l’exploration en environnements extrêmes et/ou difficiles d’accès

Author

Foucher, Frédéric, Guimbretiere, G., Hickman-Lewis, K., Messori, F., Westall, F., Bergounioux, M., Villeneuve, N., Di Muro, A., Finizola, A., Delcher, E., Lapierre, L., Druon, S., Queffelec, A., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Mathématiques - Analyse, Probabilités, Modélisation - Orléans (MAPMO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2019

45. CaliPhoto : méthode simple d’aide à l’indentification et à la caractérisation de matériaux en laboratoire, sur le terrain et pour l’exploration planétaire

Author

Foucher, F., Guimbretière, G., Bost, N., Courtois, A., Luengo, L., Hickman-Lewis, K., Marceau, E., Bergounioux, M., Westall, F., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques - Analyse, Probabilités, Modélisation - Orléans (MAPMO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

46. LithoSpace : un système de préparation de lames pétrographiques automatisé pour l’exploration planétaire et la géologie de terrain

Author

Foucher, F., Bost, N., Janiec, S., Westall, F., Fonte, Aïcha, Perron, P., Bouquin, M., Le Breton, Nicole, Tagger, Michel, Li, J., Platel, T., Navereau, C., Truchot, Q., Segret, R., De Olivera, S., Tessier-Neilel, A., Viso, M., Chazalnoël, P., Courtade, F., Villenave, M., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Frapart, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

47. Multi-scalar trace element biosignatures and rare earth element reconstruction of Palaeoarchaean biomes of microbial life: a fossil-calibrated approach

Author

Hickman-Lewis, K., Cavalazzi, B., Sorieul, S., Gourcerol, B., Gautret, P., Foucher, Frédéric, Bréhéret, J.-G., Westall, F., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Frapart, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

48. Biosignatures in Early Archaean sediments and their relevance for the search for life on Mars

Author

Westall, F., Hickman-Lewis, K., Cavalazzi, B., Bréhéret, J.-G., Gautret, P., Foucher, Frédéric, Campbell K., A., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Frapart, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

49. Multi-modal, multi-technique approaches to demonstrate the biogenicity of ancient fossiliferous samples

Author

Hickman-Lewis, K., Foucher, F., Westall, F, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Frapart, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

50. APPIMIL Project: photonic and particle irradiation experiments at the CNRS Orléans and their relevance to BIOMEX and ExoMars

Author

Foucher, F., Georgelin, T., Sauvage, T., Canizares, A., P, P. Vera J., Baqué, M., Lago, V., Joussot, R., Sunil Simon, Gay, R., Koumba-Ibala, P., Gouillon, N., Hickman-Lewis, K., Bellamy, A., Westall, F., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Laboratoire d'aérothermique (LA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

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