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The article published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery compares outcomes of solo neurosurgical versus multidisciplinary approaches in the resection of vestibular schwannomas using the retrosigmoid approach. The study conducted at a single quaternary hospital found no statistically significant differences in hearing preservation, facial nerve scores, operative time, or blood loss between the two groups. While the multidisciplinary group showed a trend towards a greater rate of resection and a shorter hospital stay, these differences were not statistically significant. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses two cases of vestibular nerve hybrid nerve sheath tumors at a tertiary care referral center, which were initially presumed to be vestibular Schwannomas. The cases were diagnosed as hybrid tumors upon pathological analysis. A literature review revealed a limited number of reported cases of hybrid tumors affecting cranial nerves, indicating that such tumors may be underreported in the cranial region. The study highlights the importance of recognizing hybrid nerve sheath tumors as a distinct entity in the classification of central nervous system tumors. [Extracted from the article]

Importance: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability of providing ongoing paracrine support to degenerating tissues. Since MSCs can be extracted from a broad range of tissues, their specific surface marker profiles and growth factor secretions can be different. We hypothesized that MSCs derived from different sources might also have different neuroprotective potential. Objective: In this study, we extracted MSCs from rodent olfactory mucosa and compared their neuroprotective effects on auditory hair cell survival with MSCs extracted from rodent adipose tissue. Methods: Organ of Corti explants were dissected from 41 cochlea and incubated with olfactory mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) and adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs). After 72 hours, Corti explants were fixed, stained, and hair cells counted. Growth factor concentrations were determined in the supernatant and cell lysate using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Co-culturing of organ of Corti explants with OMSCs resulted in a significant increase in inner and outer hair cell stereocilia survival, compared to control. Comparisons between both stem cell lines, showed that co-culturing with OMSCs resulted in superior inner and outer hair cell stereocilia survival rates over co-culturing with AMSCs. Assessment of growth factor secretions revealed that the OMSCs secrete significant amounts of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Co-culturing OMSCs with organ of Corti explants resulted in a 10-fold increase in IGF-1 level compared to control, and their secretion was 2 to 3 times higher compared to the AMSCs. Conclusions: This study has shown that OMSCs may mitigate auditory hair cell stereocilia degeneration. Their neuroprotective effects may, at least partially, be ascribed to their enhanced IGF-1 secretory abilities compared to AMSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/Hypothesis: The pathophysiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is still unknown, but labyrinthine artery infarction has been proposed. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and conduct a meta‐analysis assessing the risk of developing stroke and myocardial infarction after presentation with ISSNHL. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Libraries. All studies investigating an association between ISSNHL and stroke and/or myocardial infarction (MI) were included. Adhering to the MOOSE guideline, two independent reviewers extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and evaluated the relevance and quality of evidence. Results: Three observational studies evaluating the risk of stroke in ISSNHL were included (n = 6,521 patients). All individual study results indicated an increased relative risk of stroke after ISSNHL (unadjusted relative risk range 1.21–1.63). Pooled adjusted hazard ratios revealed a 1.42‐fold increased risk of stroke after ISSNHL (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–1.75, I2 = 55%). Subgroup analysis of one study demonstrated that the increased risk is only present in adults aged above 50 years (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.07–1.42). Five observational studies evaluating the risk of MI in patients with ISSNHL were included (n = 61,499 patients). Pooled analyses demonstrated that ISSNHL was not associated with MI (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.87–1.34). Conclusion: ISSNHL may be an independent risk factor for the subsequent development of stroke especially in a subgroup of elderly patients. More studies are needed to confirm this association and to assess whether such patients would benefit from cardiovascular risk assessment and management to prevent future strokes. Laryngoscope, 131:1369–1377, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To highlight the effectiveness of using PS testing in conjunction with electrically evoked auditory evoked potentials (eAEPs) to help guide treatment plans in patients with limited behavioural responses.Methods: Case report on a 59-year-old male with traumatic brain injury. Electrophysiological measurements in conjunction with PS were performed.Results: eAEPs were obtained up to the thalamo-cortical region, supporting the viability of a CI in the non-implanted ear.Discussion& Conclusion: Use of PS in conjunction with electrically evoked auditory evoked potentials can provide valuable information to guide clinical decisions regarding implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]