Search

This project identified areas of R and D related to General Purpose weapons and supporting systems where DARPA could, by investing now, materially enhance the capability of U.S. Crisis Management Forces (CMFs) to accomplish a broad mix of missions in the circa 1990 period. Specifically, this project has: postulated and described candidate U.S. Crisis Management Forces, equipment, doctrine, organization and tactics; projected and described the worldwide conflict environment within which those forces would operate; developed detailed design scenarios for the evaluation of U.S. CMFs viz-a-viz projected adversary threats; ascertained and described perceived shortfalls in U.S. equipment when evaluated in the framework of the design scenarios; and postulated, described and evaluated R and D initiatives which could overcome the shortfalls identified above. The purpose of this project was to identify R and D initiatives responsive to requirements stemming from perceived system-oriented shortfalls. Nowhere in this project was there - nor should there be inferred - any explicit nor any implicit comparison of the candidate Crisis Management Forces themselves (that is, in terms of their respective value, effectiveness or capabilities)., See also Volume 2, AD-C010 250.

On a questionnaire administered primarily to field grade officers, 1258 respondents rated the value to them of the eight elements of tactical Order of Battle (OB) intelligence and of the 95 components of these elements. Respondents evaluated how essential each element or component would be to their job in each of four scenarios describing different levels of war, and also rank ordered the elements and the components within each element. Respondents agreed generally on the relative values of OB elements; ratings of usefulness followed consistent patterns which were confirmed by the forced rankings. Intelligence on enemy disposition was consistently rated the most valuable in all four conditions of war; enemy strength, composition, combat effectiveness, and tactics were also considered crucial. The perceived value of logistics intelligence increased with increasing intensities of war, while that of tactics and training was greatest in low-intensity conditions.

The report surveys significant changes taking place in modern society, or predicted to take place in future society, under eleven major categories: Philosophical, international, technological, bio-medical, cultural and social, organizational, national orientations, domestic institutions, the continuing military context, Vietnam and other impacts, and old and new directions. Sixty sub-categories are used to organize the data cited from almost 1800 sources. In selecting data, criteria of importance and probability were used, and particularly the criterion of relevance to the values of the Navy and to Navy and Marine Corps systems of (non-tactical) organization and of administration of personnel. Over 400 potential impacts are explicitly identified, and many other are implicit in the data and the discussions; the nature of the impacts ranges comprehensively from abstract and philosophical to concrete, specific, and technical., See also Volume 2, AD749913.

Contents: Ethics, morality, and religion; Authority and government; The individual vs. the collective; Change, humanism, and other sources of impact; Political and strategic; Technology; Military, Economic, Broad cultural., See also Volume 1, AD749912 and Volume 3, AD749914.

Contents: American values; Domestic priorities; Foreign policy; General and political; Economic, labor, and education systems; Legal, social and other institutions; Press and other media., See also Volume 4, AD749915 and Volume 6, AD749917.

Contents: Weapons; Energy; Automation and computers; Communications; Transportation; Medical engineering; Genetics; Prolongation of life; Behavior manipulation; Ethical issues., See also Volume 2, AD949913 and Volume 4, AD749915.

Contents: The continuing military context; Vietnam and other impacts; New sensibility, Dissent in uniform, The Vietnam veteran, Drugs, Minotirite,s Military justics; Old and new directions (Personnel administration, internal communities, training, redirections), See also Volume 5, AD749916 and Volume 7, AD749918.

Contents: Health; Urbanization and housing; Education; Family and marriage; Youth; Women; Minorities; Automation; Sex; Sports; Bureaucracy; Leadership and management; Professions; Individual vs the organization., See also Volume 3, AD749914 and Volume 5, AD749916.

The bibliography is divided into subsections: Books, periodicals, government publications, foreign, newspapers, and miscellaneous. Entries in each subsection are cross-coded by group to items in the text of the report. Within subsections, entries appear in both numerical and alphabetical order. A supplementary subsection is appended., See also Volume 6, AD749917.

This is volume 2 of the study to develop a systematic means for rank- ordering foreign countries on the basis of U.S. interest abroad. Six independent dimensions of the U.S. stake at the subtheater level were delineated, and ninety-three (93) countries were rank-ordered on each, as well as across an aggregate measure of all six. The same set of countries were evaluated in terms of the relative level of local, inter-state conflict behavior they had experienced over the period 1961-1973. The severity of thirteen years of conflict was measured with the help of a conflict continuum scale consisting of twenty-three generic types of conflict-interaction. Annual conflict scores were aggregated into a series of final, weighted conflict intensity indices for 1973. Country interest scores were juxtaposed with the pertinent conflict intensity indices in a display of ranked levels of U.S. security concern., See also ADA011216.

The study has two main objectives: first, to develop a systematic means for rank-ordering foreign countries on the basis of a series of explicit, quantifiable measures of the U.S. interest abroad, and, secondly, to provide a preliminary statement of the relative level of threat that U.S. subtheater interests may be exposed to as the result of local inter-state conflict.

The report concerns the development of a baseline in the form of a hierarchy of institutional values of the Navy, derived principally from American values, military values, and organizational values. In subsequent phases, forecasts of cultural change in American society over the next decade will be analyzed to identify potential impacts upon Navy personnel and organization, and ultimately, Navy values. Cognizant that the hierarchy of institutional values developed herein does not necessarily coincide with various subsystems of values within the Navy, or with the value systems of individuals within the Navy, the study has developed a typology of seventeen institutional values at levels between general abstractions and pluralistic specifics which is proposed as a reasonably valid expression of values significant to the Navy as an institution. (Author)