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The aim of this review is to assess the efficacy and safety of using heat and cold therapy for adults with lymphoedema. A multi-database search was undertaken. Only studies which included adults with lymphoedema who were treated with heat or cold therapy reporting any outcome were included. Screening, data extraction, and assessment of bias were undertaken by a single reviewer and verified by a second. Due to the substantial heterogeneity, a descriptive synthesis was undertaken. Eighteen studies were included. All nine studies which assessed the effects of heat-therapy on changes in limb circumference reported a point estimate indicating some reduction from baseline to end of study. Similarly, the five studies evaluating the use of heat-therapy on limb volume demonstrated a reduction in limb volume from baseline to end-of-study. Only four studies reported adverse events of which all were deemed to be minor. Only two studies explored the effects of cold therapy on lymphoedema. Tentative evidence suggests heat-therapy may have some benefit in treating lymphoedema with minimal side effects. However, further high-quality randomised controlled trials are required, with a particular focus on moderating factors and assessment of adverse events. This review highlights the potential benefit that heat therapy may have on reducing limb circumference and volume for adults with lymphoedema. There was no evidence that controlled localised heat therapy was unsafe. The current evidence-base is at a point where no specific clinical recommendations can be made. The use of heat therapy should only be applied as part of a methodologically robust study to treat lymphoedema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this small pilot audit was to record the performance of an adjustable Velcro compression wrap, ReadyWrap, and the experiences of patients and health-care professionals using the system as a self-care option for the management of venous and lymphatic leg conditions in both the treatment and maintenance phases. Method: This audit was held within a 4-week review period. Participants included venous leg ulcer (VLU) patients with and without oedema, and patients with lymphoedema. Where open wounds were present they were managed with debridement, skin care and dressings according to clinical need. Lymphoedema patients received manual lymphatic drainage and skin care regimens as per standard practice. The Velcro system evaluated formed part of a treatment pathway with compression bandages and/or compression hosiery as clinically indicated. Patients, carers and healthcare professionals applied the garments following assessment and training. Objective data recorded included change in circumferential measurements and improvement in wound status. Observation of health- care professionals, patients and carers with regard to the comfort and ease of application/removal of the device were recorded. Results: There were 17 patients included in the audit. Within the 4-week period a reduction in limb circumference was recorded in all cases. Improvements in open wounds were recorded in most cases. Following the 4-week audit period 94% of the application of the device was performed by either the patient (59%) or the carer (35%) thereby reducing the health-care professional contact that was required for application. Conclusion: Early results in this small audit demonstrate that this adjustable Velcro compression wrap may provide a simple, clinically effective and patient-acceptable solution for self-care with compression. Use of this type of device could have the potential to reduce overall health-care burden by reducing necessary skilled treatment visits and/or cost while still achieving good clinical outcomes. Further studies are required to confirm this pilot study and provide additional data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]