Search

A general overview of United States law related to boundaries of land bordering navigable interior submerged lands and federal determination of navigability of interior waterways is presented. United States statute and case law on boundaries of land bordering navigable interior waterways is reviewed. A general overview of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania law related to boundaries of land bordering navigable interior submerged lands is presented as are Pennsylvania statute and case law on the subject. A brief example is presented of a land surveyor using law to arrive at an opinion of the location of the boundary between interior submerged land and riparian upland in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boron carbide ( B4C) titanium diboride ( TiB2) ceramic eutectic is being investigated for armor and tribological applications. Electron diffraction shows [11 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of a composite powder of eutectic B4 C- TiB2 is demonstrated via an atmospheric plasma processing method. Feedstock material is prepared for plasma processing by mixing and spray drying monolithic B4 C and TiB2 to produce a flowable precursor powder. These powders are fed through a plasma torch, where they are melted and actively quenched in flight with argon gas. Plasma processed powders are composed of crystalline B4 C and TiB2, with some additional B2 O3 oxide phase. The plasma processing method results in the production of monolithic B4 C and TiB2 nanoparticles, but some larger particles (generally ≥10 μm in diameter) are shown to contain the traditional lamellar eutectic microstructure. The eutectic interphase spacing ranges from 100 to 650 nm, and the composite microstructure is present through the entire thickness of the eutectic particles. Future work on plasma processing of eutectic powders should focus on methods utilizing passive in-flight quenching to increase the average particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layer-by-layer thinning of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) via laser irradiation was examined using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. In particular, the effects of number of layers, laser conditions, and substrate were systematically identified. The results demonstrated the presence of nanoparticles on the MoS 2 at sufficient laser treatment conditions prior to layer-by-layer thinning. The volume of nanoparticles was found to increase and then decrease as the number of MoS 2 layers increased; the non-monotonic trend was ascribed to changes in the thermal conductivity of the film and interfacial thermal conductance between the film and substrate with number of layers. Moreover, the volume of nanoparticles was found to increase as the magnification of the objective lens decreased and as laser power and exposure time increased, which was attributed to changes in the power density with laser conditions. The effect of substrate on nanoparticle formation and layer-by-layer thinning was investigated through a comparison of freestanding and substrate-supported MoS 2 subjected to laser irradiation; it was illustrated that freestanding films were thinned at lower laser powers than substrate-supported films, which highlighted the function of the substrate as a heat sink. For conditions that elicited thinning, it was shown that the thinned areas exhibited triangular shapes, which suggested anisotropic etching behavior where the lattice of the basal plane was preferentially thinned along the zigzag direction terminated by an Mo- or S-edge. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of freestanding MoS 2 revealed the presence of a 2 nm thick amorphous region around the laser-treated region, which suggested that the crystalline structure of laser-treated MoS 2 remained largely intact after the thinning process. In all, the conclusions from this work provide useful insight into the progression of laser thinning of MoS 2 , thereby enabling more effective methods for the development of MoS 2 devices via laser irradiation.