831 results on '"White Lisa J"'
Search Results
2. Vietnam : entry with false identification/documentation
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White, Lisa J.
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Identification cards -- Forgeries -- Vietnam. ,Identification cards -- Law and legislation -- Vietnam. - Published
- 2008
3. Vietnam: citizenship
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White, Lisa J.
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Citizenship -- Vietnam. - Published
- 2008
4. Australia : citizenship.
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White, Lisa J.
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Citizenship -- Australia. - Published
- 2008
5. Election law : selected issues : Australia, France, Germany, Israel, Japan.
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White, Lisa J.
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Election law -- Australia. ,Election law -- France. ,Election law -- Germany. ,Election law -- Israel. ,Election law -- Japan. - Published
- 2008
6. United Kingdom : detention without charge.
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White, Lisa J.
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Detention of persons -- Great Britain. - Published
- 2008
7. Malaysia: debt recovery by government
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White, Lisa J.
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Debts, Public -- Malaysia. - Published
- 2007
8. Foreign investment : Malaysia, Singapore.
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White, Lisa J.
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Investments, Foreign -- Law and legislation -- Malaysia. ,Investments, Foreign -- Law and legislation -- Singapore. - Published
- 2007
9. Immigration laws and policies.
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White, Lisa J.
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Emigration and immigration law -- Australia. ,Immigrants -- Government policy -- Australia. ,Immigrants -- Employment -- Australia. - Published
- 2007
10. Immigration laws and policies.
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White, Lisa J.
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Emigration and immigration law -- New Zealand. ,Immigrants -- Government policy -- New Zealand. ,Immigrants -- Employment -- New Zealand. - Published
- 2007
11. Hong Kong: immigration penalties : overstay and work
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White, Lisa J.
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Emigration and immigration law -- China -- Hong Kong. ,Noncitizens -- China -- Hong Kong. - Published
- 2007
12. Australia : follow-on biologics.
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White, Lisa J.
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Biologicals -- Law and legislation -- Australia. - Published
- 2007
13. Australia : Kyoto Protocol.
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White, Lisa J.
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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992 May 9). (1997 December 11) Protocols, etc. ,Environmental policy -- Economic aspects -- Australia. - Published
- 2007
14. Right of women to vote and run for political office : Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates.
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White, Lisa J.
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Women -- Suffrage -- Brunei. ,Women -- Suffrage -- Qatar. ,Women -- Suffrage -- Saudi Arabia. ,Women -- Suffrage -- United Arab Emirates. ,Women political candidates -- Brunei. ,Women political candidates -- Qatar. ,Women political candidates -- Saudi Arabia. ,Women political candidates -- United Arab Emirates. - Published
- 2007
15. Retirement age for commercial pilots
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White, Lisa J.
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Retirement age. ,Air pilots. - Published
- 2007
16. Australia: Marbury v. Madison in New South Wales in the early 1800s
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White, Lisa J.
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Judicial review -- Australia. ,Separation of powers -- Australia. - Published
- 2006
17. Multiple models for outbreak decision support in the face of uncertainty.
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Shea, Katriona, Borchering, Rebecca K, Probert, William JM, Howerton, Emily, Bogich, Tiffany L, Li, Shou-Li, van Panhuis, Willem G, Viboud, Cecile, Aguás, Ricardo, Belov, Artur A, Bhargava, Sanjana H, Cavany, Sean M, Chang, Joshua C, Chen, Cynthia, Chen, Jinghui, Chen, Shi, Chen, YangQuan, Childs, Lauren M, Chow, Carson C, Crooker, Isabel, Del Valle, Sara Y, España, Guido, Fairchild, Geoffrey, Gerkin, Richard C, Germann, Timothy C, Gu, Quanquan, Guan, Xiangyang, Guo, Lihong, Hart, Gregory R, Hladish, Thomas J, Hupert, Nathaniel, Janies, Daniel, Kerr, Cliff C, Klein, Daniel J, Klein, Eili Y, Lin, Gary, Manore, Carrie, Meyers, Lauren Ancel, Mittler, John E, Mu, Kunpeng, Núñez, Rafael C, Oidtman, Rachel J, Pasco, Remy, Pastore Y Piontti, Ana, Paul, Rajib, Pearson, Carl AB, Perdomo, Dianela R, Perkins, T Alex, Pierce, Kelly, Pillai, Alexander N, Rael, Rosalyn Cherie, Rosenfeld, Katherine, Ross, Chrysm Watson, Spencer, Julie A, Stoltzfus, Arlin B, Toh, Kok Ben, Vattikuti, Shashaank, Vespignani, Alessandro, Wang, Lingxiao, White, Lisa J, Xu, Pan, Yang, Yupeng, Yogurtcu, Osman N, Zhang, Weitong, Zhao, Yanting, Zou, Difan, Ferrari, Matthew J, Pannell, David, Tildesley, Michael J, Seifarth, Jack, Johnson, Elyse, Biggerstaff, Matthew, Johansson, Michael A, Slayton, Rachel B, Levander, John D, Stazer, Jeff, Kerr, Jessica, and Runge, Michael C
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Humans ,Uncertainty ,Public Health ,Disease Outbreaks ,Pandemics ,COVID-19 ,cognitive biases ,decision theory ,multi-model aggregation ,Prevention ,Brain Disorders ,Good Health and Well Being - Abstract
Policymakers must make management decisions despite incomplete knowledge and conflicting model projections. Little guidance exists for the rapid, representative, and unbiased collection of policy-relevant scientific input from independent modeling teams. Integrating approaches from decision analysis, expert judgment, and model aggregation, we convened multiple modeling teams to evaluate COVID-19 reopening strategies for a mid-sized United States county early in the pandemic. Projections from seventeen distinct models were inconsistent in magnitude but highly consistent in ranking interventions. The 6-mo-ahead aggregate projections were well in line with observed outbreaks in mid-sized US counties. The aggregate results showed that up to half the population could be infected with full workplace reopening, while workplace restrictions reduced median cumulative infections by 82%. Rankings of interventions were consistent across public health objectives, but there was a strong trade-off between public health outcomes and duration of workplace closures, and no win-win intermediate reopening strategies were identified. Between-model variation was high; the aggregate results thus provide valuable risk quantification for decision making. This approach can be applied to the evaluation of management interventions in any setting where models are used to inform decision making. This case study demonstrated the utility of our approach and was one of several multimodel efforts that laid the groundwork for the COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub, which has provided multiple rounds of real-time scenario projections for situational awareness and decision making to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention since December 2020.
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- 2023
18. In vivo analysis of hybrid hydrogels containing dual growth factor combinations, and skeletal stem cells under mechanical stimulation for bone repair
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Gothard, David, Rotherham, Michael, Smith, Emma L., Kanczler, Janos M., Henstock, James, Wells, Julia A., Roberts, Carol A., Qutachi, Omar, Peto, Heather, Rashidi, Hassan, Rojo, Luis, White, Lisa J., Stevens, Molly M., El Haj, Alicia J., Rose, Felicity R.A.J., and Oreffo, Richard O.C.
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- 2024
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19. The assembly effect: the connectedness between populations is a double‐edged sword for public health interventions
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Tun, Sai Thein Than, Parker, Daniel M, Aguas, Ricardo, and White, Lisa J
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Medical Microbiology ,Infectious Diseases ,Rare Diseases ,Malaria ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Clinical Research ,3.2 Interventions to alter physical and biological environmental risks ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Infection ,Generic health relevance ,Good Health and Well Being ,Disease Eradication ,Humans ,Mass Drug Administration ,Rural Population ,Travel ,Herd immunity ,Public health ,Immunizing infections ,Mathematical modelling ,Microbiology ,Public Health and Health Services ,Tropical Medicine ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundMany public health interventions lead to disruption or decrease of transmission, providing a beneficial effect for people in the population regardless of whether or not they individually participate in the intervention. This protective benefit has been referred to as a herd or community effect and is dependent on sufficient population participation. In practice, public health interventions are implemented at different spatial scales (i.e., at the village, district, or provincial level). Populations, however defined (i.e., neighbourhoods, villages, districts) are frequently connected to other populations through human movement or travel, and this connectedness can influence potential herd effects.MethodsThe impact of a public health intervention (mass drug administration for malaria) was modelled, for different levels of connectedness between populations that have similar disease epidemiology (e.g., two nearby villages which have similar baseline malaria incidences and similar malaria intervention measures), or between populations of varying disease epidemiology (e.g., two nearby villages which have different baseline malaria incidences and/or malaria intervention measures).ResultsThe overall impact of the interventions deployed could be influenced either positively (adding value to the intervention) or negatively (reducing the impact of the intervention) by how much the intervention units are connected with each other (e.g., how frequent people go to the other village or town) and how different the disease intensity between them are. This phenomenon is termed the "assembly effect", and it is a meta-population version of the more commonly understood "herd effect".ConclusionsThe connectedness of intervention units or populations is an important factor to be considered to achieve success in public health interventions that could provide herd effects. Appreciating the assembly effect can improve the cost-effective strategies for global disease elimination projects.
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- 2021
20. Temporal trends in severe malaria in Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Maude Richard, Hasan Mahtab, Hossain Md, Sayeed Abdullah, Kanti Paul Sanjib, Rahman Waliur, Maude Rapeephan, Vaid Nidhi, Ghose Aniruddha, Amin Robed, Samad Rasheda, Yunus Emran, Rahman M, Bangali Abdul M, Hoque M, Day Nicholas PJ, J White Nicholas, White Lisa J, Dondorp Arjen M, and Faiz M
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Malaria ,Bangladesh ,Epidemiology ,Incidence ,Severe ,Falciparum ,Vivax ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Epidemiological data on malaria in Bangladesh are sparse, particularly on severe and fatal malaria. This hampers the allocation of healthcare provision in this resource-poor setting. Over 85% of the estimated 150,000-250,000 annual malaria cases in Bangladesh occur in Chittagong Division with 80% in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) is the major tertiary referral hospital for severe malaria in Chittagong Division. Methods Malaria screening data from 22,785 inpatients in CMCH from 1999–2011 were analysed to investigate the patterns of referral, temporal trends and geographical distribution of severe malaria in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. Results From 1999 till 2011, 2,394 malaria cases were admitted, of which 96% harboured Plasmodium falciparum and 4% Plasmodium vivax. Infection was commonest in males (67%) between 15 and 34 years of age. Seasonality of malaria incidence was marked with a single peak in P. falciparum transmission from June to August coinciding with peak rainfall, whereas P. vivax showed an additional peak in February-March possibly representing relapse infections. Since 2007 there has been a substantial decrease in the absolute number of admitted malaria cases. Case fatality in severe malaria was 18% from 2008–2011, remaining steady during this period. A travel history obtained in 226 malaria patients revealed only 33% had been to the CHT in the preceding three weeks. Of all admitted malaria patients, only 9% lived in the CHT, and none in the more remote malaria endemic regions near the Indian border. Conclusions The overall decline in admitted malaria cases to CMCH suggests recent control measures are successful. However, there are no reliable data on the incidence of severe malaria in the CHT, the most endemic area of Bangladesh, and most of these patients do not reach tertiary health facilities. Improvement of early treatment and simple supportive care for severe malaria in remote areas and implementation of a referral system for cases requiring additional supportive care could be important contributors to further reducing malaria-attributable disease and death in Bangladesh.
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- 2012
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21. Spatial heterogeneity and temporal trends in malaria on the Thai-Myanmar border (2012-2017): A retrospective observational study
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Saita, Sayambhu, Silawan, Tassanee, Parker, Daniel M, Sriwichai, Patchara, Phuanukoonnon, Suparat, Sudathip, Prayuth, Maude, Richard J, White, Lisa J, and Pan-Ngum, Wirichada
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- 2019
22. Modelling malaria elimination on the internet
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White Nicholas J, Sherwood Dean, Lewis Adrian, Saralamba Sompob, Maude Richard J, Day Nicholas PJ, Dondorp Arjen M, and White Lisa J
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Unprecedented efforts are underway to eliminate malaria. Mathematical modelling can help to determine the optimal strategies for malaria elimination in different epidemiological settings. This is necessary as there is limited scope for expensive and time-consuming field studies and failure of planned elimination strategies is likely to discourage ongoing investment by funders. However, there has been very little modelling of malaria elimination and little direct involvement of policymakers in its development. There is thus an urgent need for user-friendly and accessible models purpose-designed in collaboration with policymakers to answer pertinent questions arising from the field. Results An internet site is presented with a simple mathematical modelling platform for population level models of malaria elimination. It is freely accessible to all and designed to be flexible so both the platform and models can be developed through interaction with users. The site is an accessible introduction to modelling for a non-mathematical audience, and lessons learned from the project will help inform future development of mathematical models and improve communication of modelling results. Currently it hosts a simple model of strategies for malaria elimination and this will be developed, and more models added, over time. The iterative process of feedback and development will result in an educational and planning tool for non-modellers to assist with malaria elimination efforts worldwide. Conclusions By collaboration with end users, iterative development of mathematical models of malaria elimination through this internet platform will maximize its potential as an educational and public health policy planning tool. It will also assist with preliminary optimisation of local malaria elimination strategies before commitment of valuable resources.
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- 2011
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23. Duration of shedding of respiratory syncytial virus in a community study of Kenyan children
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Ngama Mwanajuma, White Lisa J, Okiro Emelda A, Cane Patricia A, Medley Graham F, and Nokes D James
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Our understanding of the transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection will be better informed with improved data on the patterns of shedding in cases not limited only to hospital admissions. Methods In a household study, children testing RSV positive by direct immunofluorescent antibody test (DFA) were enrolled. Nasal washings were scheduled right away, then every three days until day 14, every 7 days until day 28 and every 2 weeks until a maximum of 16 weeks, or until the first DFA negative RSV specimen. The relationship between host factors, illness severity and viral shedding was investigated using Cox regression methods. Results From 151 families a total of 193 children were enrolled with a median age of 21 months (range 1-164 months), 10% infants and 46% male. The rate of recovery from infection was 0.22/person/day (95% CI 0.19-0.25) equivalent to a mean duration of shedding of 4.5 days (95%CI 4.0-5.3), with a median duration of shedding of 4 days (IQR 2-6, range 1-14). Children with a history of RSV infection had a 40% increased rate of recovery i.e. shorter duration of viral shedding (hazard ratio 1.4, 95% CI 1.01-1.86). The rate of cessation of shedding did not differ significantly between males and females, by severity of infection or by age. Conclusion We provide evidence of a relationship between the duration of shedding and history of infection, which may have a bearing on the relative role of primary versus re-infections in RSV transmission in the community.
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- 2010
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24. Hyperparasitaemia and low dosing are an important source of anti-malarial drug resistance
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Lee Sue J, Stepniewska Kasia, Aguas Ricardo, Saralamba Sompob, Maude Richard J, Pongtavornpinyo Wirichada, White Nicholas J, Dondorp Arjen M, White Lisa J, and Day Nicholas PJ
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Preventing the emergence of anti-malarial drug resistance is critical for the success of current malaria elimination efforts. Prevention strategies have focused predominantly on qualitative factors, such as choice of drugs, use of combinations and deployment of multiple first-line treatments. The importance of anti-malarial treatment dosing has been underappreciated. Treatment recommendations are often for the lowest doses that produce "satisfactory" results. Methods The probability of de-novo resistant malaria parasites surviving and transmitting depends on the relationship between their degree of resistance and the blood concentration profiles of the anti-malarial drug to which they are exposed. The conditions required for the in-vivo selection of de-novo emergent resistant malaria parasites were examined and relative probabilities assessed. Results Recrudescence is essential for the transmission of de-novo resistance. For rapidly eliminated anti-malarials high-grade resistance can arise from a single drug exposure, but low-grade resistance can arise only from repeated inadequate treatments. Resistance to artemisinins is, therefore, unlikely to emerge with single drug exposures. Hyperparasitaemic patients are an important source of de-novo anti-malarial drug resistance. Their parasite populations are larger, their control of the infection insufficient, and their rates of recrudescence following anti-malarial treatment are high. As use of substandard drugs, poor adherence, unusual pharmacokinetics, and inadequate immune responses are host characteristics, likely to pertain to each recurrence of infection, a small subgroup of patients provides the particular circumstances conducive to de-novo resistance selection and transmission. Conclusion Current dosing recommendations provide a resistance selection opportunity in those patients with low drug levels and high parasite burdens (often children or pregnant women). Patients with hyperparasitaemia who receive outpatient treatments provide the greatest risk of selecting de-novo resistant parasites. This emphasizes the importance of ensuring that only quality-assured anti-malarial combinations are used, that treatment doses are optimized on the basis of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic assessments in the target populations, and that patients with heavy parasite burdens are identified and receive sufficient treatment to prevent recrudescence.
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- 2009
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25. The role of simple mathematical models in malaria elimination strategy design
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Van Effelterre Thierry, Aguas Ricardo, Saralamba Sompob, Pongtavornpinyo Wirichada, Maude Richard J, White Lisa J, Day Nicholas PJ, and White Nicholas J
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Malaria has recently been identified as a candidate for global eradication. This process will take the form of a series of national eliminations. Key issues must be considered specifically for elimination strategy when compared to the control of disease. Namely the spread of drug resistance, data scarcity and the adverse effects of failed elimination attempts. Mathematical models of various levels of complexity have been produced to consider the control and elimination of malaria infection. If available, detailed data on malaria transmission (such as the vector life cycle and behaviour, human population behaviour, the acquisition and decay of immunity, heterogeneities in transmission intensity, age profiles of clinical and subclinical infection) can be used to populate complex transmission models that can then be used to design control strategy. However, in many malaria countries reliable data are not available and policy must be formed based on information like an estimate of the average parasite prevalence. Methods A simple deterministic model, that requires data in the form of a single estimate of parasite prevalence as an input, is developed for the purpose of comparison with other more complex models. The model is designed to include key aspects of malaria transmission and integrated control. Results The simple model is shown to have similar short-term dynamic behaviour to three complex models. The model is used to demonstrate the potential of alternative methods of delivery of controls. The adverse effects on clinical infection and spread of resistance are predicted for failed elimination attempts. Since elimination strategies present an increased risk of the spread of drug resistance, the model is used to demonstrate the population level protective effect of multiple controls against this very serious threat. Conclusion A simple model structure for the elimination of malaria is suitable for situations where data are sparse yet strategy design requirements are urgent with the caveat that more complex models, populated with new data, would provide more information, especially in the long-term.
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- 2009
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26. The last man standing is the most resistant: eliminating artemisinin-resistant malaria in Cambodia
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Day Nicholas PJ, Dondorp Arjen M, Aguas Ricardo, Yeung Shunmay, Saralamba Sompob, Pontavornpinyo Wirichada, Maude Richard J, White Nicholas J, and White Lisa J
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is now the recommended first-line treatment for falciparum malaria throughout the world. Initiatives to eliminate malaria are critically dependent on its efficacy. There is recent worrying evidence that artemisinin resistance has arisen on the Thai-Cambodian border. Urgent containment interventions are planned and about to be executed. Mathematical modeling approaches to intervention design are now integrated into the field of malaria epidemiology and control. The use of such an approach to investigate the likely effectiveness of different containment measures with the ultimate aim of eliminating artemisinin-resistant malaria is described. Methods A population dynamic mathematical modeling framework was developed to explore the relative effectiveness of a variety of containment interventions in eliminating artemisinin-resistant malaria in western Cambodia. Results The most effective intervention to eliminate artemisinin-resistant malaria was a switch of treatment from artemisinin monotherapy to ACT (mean time to elimination 3.42 years (95% CI 3.32–3.60 years). However, with this approach it is predicted that elimination of artemisinin-resistant malaria using ACT can be achieved only by elimination of all malaria. This is because the various forms of ACT are more effective against infections with artemisinin-sensitive parasites, leaving the more resistant infections as an increasing proportion of the dwindling parasite population. Conclusion Containment of artemisinin-resistant malaria can be achieved by elimination of malaria from western Cambodia using ACT. The "last man standing" is the most resistant and thus this strategy must be sustained until elimination is truly achieved.
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- 2009
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27. Approaches to Learning and Science Education in Head Start: Examining Bidirectionality
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Bustamante, Andres S., White, Lisa J., and Greenfield, Daryl B.
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Recent national focus on early childhood science education highlights the need for research on early science, particularly with children from low-income families, as science is the lowest performing school readiness domain in that population. Given this achievement gap, the Office of Head Start has emphasized the development of children's domain-general skills, such as approaches to learning, because they help children succeed in the classroom regardless of academic content area. Recent research suggests a unique relationship between early science and approaches to learning, in that approaches to learning predicts gains in science readiness more so than math or language readiness. This study further explored this relationship by examining the potential bidirectionality between science and approaches to learning.Results obtained from hierarchical linear modeling suggest a significant bidirectional relationship, such that residualized change approaches to learning across the school year predicted gains in science across the year, and residualized change in science across the year predicted gains in approaches to learning across the year. These results suggest that development of children's approaches to learning relates to gains science knowledge, and that gains in children's science knowledge relates to the positive development of approaches to learning across the school year. This study provides support for future research examining the potential of science interventions to serve as a context for developing approaches to learning skills that will in turn help children engage in quality science learning. Such research would leverage the bidirectional relationships between these two constructs and could be a step in the national attempt to narrow the science and school readiness achievement gaps.
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- 2018
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28. Mathematical analysis of a two-strain disease model with amplification
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Kuddus, Md Abdul, Meehan, Michael T., Adekunle, Adeshina I., White, Lisa J., and McBryde, Emma S.
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Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution - Abstract
We investigate a two-strain disease model with amplification to simulate the prevalence of drug-susceptible (s) and drug-resistant (m) disease strains. We model the emergence of drug resistance as a consequence of inadequate treatment, i.e. amplification. We perform a dynamical analysis of the resulting system and find that the model contains three equilibrium points: a disease-free equilibrium; a mono-existent disease-endemic equilibrium with respect to the drug-resistant strain; and a co-existent disease-endemic equilibrium where both the drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains persist. We found two basic reproduction numbers: one associated with the drug-susceptible strain $R_{0s}$; the other with the drug-resistant strain $R_{0m}$,and showed that at least one of the strains can spread in a population if ($R_{0s}$,$R_{0m}$) > 1 (epidemic).Furthermore, we also showed that if $R_{0m}$ > max($R_{0s}$,1), the drug-susceptible strain dies out but the drug-resistant strain persists in the population; however if $R_{0s}$ > max($R_{0m}$,1), then both the drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains persist in the population. We conducted a local stability analysis of the system equilibrium points using the Routh-Hurwitz conditions and a global stability analysis using appropriate Lyapunov functions. Sensitivity analysis was used to identify the most important model parameters through the partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) method. We found that the contact rate of both strains had the largest influence on prevalence. We also investigated the impact of amplification and treatment rates of both strains on the equilibrium prevalence of infection; results suggest that poor quality treatment make coexistence more likely but increase the relative abundance of resistant infections., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures
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- 2019
29. Epidemiological waves - Types, drivers and modulators in the COVID-19 pandemic
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Harvey, John, Chan, Bryan, Srivastava, Tarun, Zarebski, Alexander E., Dłotko, Paweł, Błaszczyk, Piotr, Parkinson, Rachel H., White, Lisa J., Aguas, Ricardo, and Mahdi, Adam
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- 2023
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30. Human population movement and behavioural patterns in malaria hotspots on the Thai–Myanmar border: implications for malaria elimination
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Saita, Sayambhu, Pan-ngum, Wirichada, Phuanukoonnon, Suparat, Sriwichai, Patchara, Silawan, Tassanee, White, Lisa J, and Parker, Daniel M
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Malaria ,Infectious Diseases ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Disease Transmission ,Infectious ,Family Characteristics ,Female ,Human Migration ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Myanmar ,Prevalence ,Prospective Studies ,Thailand ,Travel ,Young Adult ,Human population movement ,Malaria hotspots ,Thai-Myanmar border ,Spatial epidemiology ,Spatial demography ,Thai–Myanmar border ,Microbiology ,Public Health and Health Services ,Tropical Medicine ,Medical microbiology ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundMalaria is heterogeneously distributed across landscapes. Human population movement (HPM) could link sub-regions with varying levels of transmission, leading to the persistence of disease even in very low transmission settings. Malaria along the Thai-Myanmar border has been decreasing, but remains heterogeneous. This study aimed to measure HPM, associated predictors of travel, and HPM correlates of self-reported malaria among people living within malaria hotspots.Methods526 individuals from 279 households in two malaria hotspot areas were included in a prospective observational study. A baseline cross-sectional study was conducted at the beginning, recording both individual- and household-level characteristics. Individual movement and travel patterns were repeatedly observed over one dry season month (March) and one wet season month (May). Descriptive statistics, random effects logistic regressions, and logistic regressions were used to describe and determine associations between HPM patterns, individual-, household-factors, and self-reported malaria.ResultsTrips were more common in the dry season. Malaria risk was related to the number of days doing outdoor activities in the dry season, especially trips to Myanmar, to forest areas, and overnight trips. Trips to visit forest areas were more common among participants aged 20-39, males, individuals with low income, low education, and especially among individuals with forest-related occupations. Overnight trips were more common among males, and individual with forest-related occupations. Forty-five participants reported having confirmed malaria infection within the last year. The main place of malaria blood examination and treatment was malaria post and malaria clinic, with participants usually waiting for 2-3 days from onset fever to seeking diagnosis. Individuals using bed nets, living in houses with elevated floors, and houses that received indoor residual spraying in the last year were less likely to report malaria infection.ConclusionAn understanding of HPM and concurrent malaria dynamics is important for consideration of targeted public health interventions. Furthermore, diagnosis and treatment centres must be capable of quickly diagnosing and treating infections regardless of HPM. Coverage of diagnosis and treatment centres should be broad, maintained in areas bordering malaria hotspots, and available to all febrile individuals.
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- 2019
31. Engineered neural tissue made using hydrogels derived from decellularised tissues for the regeneration of peripheral nerves
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Kellaway, Simon C., Roberton, Victoria, Jones, Joshua N., Loczenski, Rabea, Phillips, James B., and White, Lisa J.
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- 2023
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32. Approaches to Learning and School Readiness in Head Start: Applications to Preschool Science
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Bustamante, Andres S., White, Lisa J., and Greenfield, Daryl B.
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Approaches to learning are a set of domain-general skills that encompass curiosity, persistence, planning, and engagement in group learning. These skills play a key role in preschoolers' learning and predict school readiness in math and language. Preschool science is a critical domain for early education and facilitates learning across domains. However, no studies to date have examined how approaches to learning affect science outcomes in preschoolers. This study addressed this gap in the literature by testing predictive associations between approaches to learning and gains in science, as well as, math, vocabulary, and listening comprehension, across the school year, in a sample of preschoolers from low-income families. Results indicated that approaches to learning significantly predicted gains in science, and trended towards predicting gains in math, but not vocabulary or listening comprehension. These findings highlighted the potential of approaches to learning to facilitate early science learning for children from low income families.
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- 2017
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33. Potential herd protection against Plasmodium falciparum infections conferred by mass antimalarial drug administrations.
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Parker, Daniel M, Tun, Sai Thein Than, White, Lisa J, Kajeechiwa, Ladda, Thwin, May Myo, Landier, Jordi, Chaumeau, Victor, Corbel, Vincent, Dondorp, Arjen M, von Seidlein, Lorenz, White, Nicholas J, Maude, Richard J, and Nosten, François
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Humans ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Malaria ,Falciparum ,Antimalarials ,Cluster Analysis ,Rural Population ,Myanmar ,Medication Adherence ,Asymptomatic Diseases ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,Mass Drug Administration ,P. falciparum ,elimination ,epidemiology ,global health ,herd effect ,human ,infectious disease ,mass drug administration ,microbiology ,plasmodium ,spatial epidemiology ,Malaria ,Falciparum ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Orphan Drug ,Infectious Diseases ,Rare Diseases ,Infection ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology - Abstract
The global malaria burden has decreased over the last decade and many nations are attempting elimination. Asymptomatic malaria infections are not normally diagnosed or treated, posing a major hurdle for elimination efforts. One solution to this problem is mass drug administration (MDA), with success depending on adequate population participation. Here, we present a detailed spatial and temporal analysis of malaria episodes and asymptomatic infections in four villages undergoing MDA in Myanmar. In this study, individuals from neighborhoods with low MDA adherence had 2.85 times the odds of having a malaria episode post-MDA in comparison to those from high adherence neighborhoods, regardless of individual participation, suggesting a herd effect. High mosquito biting rates, living in a house with someone else with malaria, or having an asymptomatic malaria infection were also predictors of clinical episodes. Spatial clustering of non-adherence to MDA, even in villages with high overall participation, may frustrate elimination efforts.
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- 2019
34. Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends in Malaria on the Thai⁻Myanmar Border (2012⁻2017): A Retrospective Observational Study.
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Saita, Sayambhu, Silawan, Tassanee, Parker, Daniel M, Sriwichai, Patchara, Phuanukoonnon, Suparat, Sudathip, Prayuth, Maude, Richard J, White, Lisa J, and Pan-Ngum, Wirichada
- Subjects
Plasmodium falciparum ,Plasmodium vivax ,Thai–Myanmar border ,spatial patterns ,temporal trends - Abstract
Malaria infections remain an important public health problem for the Thai-Myanmar border population, despite a plan for the elimination by the end of 2026 (Thailand) and 2030 (Myanmar). This study aimed to explore spatiotemporal patterns in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax incidence along the Thai-Myanmar border. Malaria cases among Thai citizens in 161 sub-districts in Thailand's Kanchanaburi and Tak Provinces (2012-2017) were analyzed to assess the cluster areas and temporal trends. Based on reported incidence, 65.22% and 40.99% of the areas studied were seen to be at elimination levels for P. falciparum and P. vivax already, respectively. There were two clear clusters of malaria in the region: One in the northern part (Cluster I), and the other in the central part (Cluster II). In Cluster I, the malaria season exhibited two peaks, while there was only one peak seen for Cluster II. Malaria incidence decreased at a faster rate in Cluster I, with 5% and 4% reductions compared with 4% and 3% reductions in P. falciparum and P. vivax incidence per month, respectively, in Cluster II. The decreasing trends reflect the achievements of malaria control efforts on both sides of the Thai-Myanmar border. However, these clusters could act as reservoirs. Perhaps one of the main challenges facing elimination programs in this low transmission setting is maintaining a strong system for early diagnosis and treatment, even when malaria cases are very close to zero, whilst preventing re-importation of cases.
- Published
- 2019
35. The impact of targeted malaria elimination with mass drug administrations on falciparum malaria in Southeast Asia: A cluster randomised trial.
- Author
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von Seidlein, Lorenz, Peto, Thomas J, Landier, Jordi, Nguyen, Thuy-Nhien, Tripura, Rupam, Phommasone, Koukeo, Pongvongsa, Tiengkham, Lwin, Khin Maung, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Kajeechiwa, Ladda, Thwin, May Myo, Parker, Daniel M, Wiladphaingern, Jacher, Nosten, Suphak, Proux, Stephane, Corbel, Vincent, Tuong-Vy, Nguyen, Phuc-Nhi, Truong Le, Son, Do Hung, Huong-Thu, Pham Nguyen, Tuyen, Nguyen Thi Kim, Tien, Nguyen Thanh, Dong, Le Thanh, Hue, Dao Van, Quang, Huynh Hong, Nguon, Chea, Davoeung, Chan, Rekol, Huy, Adhikari, Bipin, Henriques, Gisela, Phongmany, Panom, Suangkanarat, Preyanan, Jeeyapant, Atthanee, Vihokhern, Benchawan, van der Pluijm, Rob W, Lubell, Yoel, White, Lisa J, Aguas, Ricardo, Promnarate, Cholrawee, Sirithiranont, Pasathorn, Malleret, Benoit, Rénia, Laurent, Onsjö, Carl, Chan, Xin Hui, Chalk, Jeremy, Miotto, Olivo, Patumrat, Krittaya, Chotivanich, Kesinee, Hanboonkunupakarn, Borimas, Jittmala, Podjanee, Kaehler, Nils, Cheah, Phaik Yeong, Pell, Christopher, Dhorda, Mehul, Imwong, Mallika, Snounou, Georges, Mukaka, Mavuto, Peerawaranun, Pimnara, Lee, Sue J, Simpson, Julie A, Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Grobusch, Martin P, Cobelens, Frank, Smithuis, Frank, Newton, Paul N, Thwaites, Guy E, Day, Nicholas PJ, Mayxay, Mayfong, Hien, Tran Tinh, Nosten, Francois H, Dondorp, Arjen M, and White, Nicholas J
- Subjects
Humans ,Malaria ,Falciparum ,Antimalarials ,Cluster Analysis ,Cross-Over Studies ,Drug Resistance ,Multiple ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Child ,Asia ,Southeastern ,Female ,Male ,Young Adult ,Disease Eradication ,Mass Drug Administration ,Malaria ,Falciparum ,Drug Resistance ,Multiple ,Asia ,Southeastern ,General & Internal Medicine ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
BackgroundThe emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) threatens global malaria elimination efforts. Mass drug administration (MDA), the presumptive antimalarial treatment of an entire population to clear the subclinical parasite reservoir, is a strategy to accelerate malaria elimination. We report a cluster randomised trial to assess the effectiveness of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) MDA in reducing falciparum malaria incidence and prevalence in 16 remote village populations in Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Lao People's Democratic Republic, where artemisinin resistance is prevalent.Methods and findingsAfter establishing vector control and community-based case management and following intensive community engagement, we used restricted randomisation within village pairs to select 8 villages to receive early DP MDA and 8 villages as controls for 12 months, after which the control villages received deferred DP MDA. The MDA comprised 3 monthly rounds of 3 daily doses of DP and, except in Cambodia, a single low dose of primaquine. We conducted exhaustive cross-sectional surveys of the entire population of each village at quarterly intervals using ultrasensitive quantitative PCR to detect Plasmodium infections. The study was conducted between May 2013 and July 2017. The investigators randomised 16 villages that had a total of 8,445 residents at the start of the study. Of these 8,445 residents, 4,135 (49%) residents living in 8 villages, plus an additional 288 newcomers to the villages, were randomised to receive early MDA; 3,790 out of the 4,423 (86%) participated in at least 1 MDA round, and 2,520 out of the 4,423 (57%) participated in all 3 rounds. The primary outcome, P. falciparum prevalence by month 3 (M3), fell by 92% (from 5.1% [171/3,340] to 0.4% [12/2,828]) in early MDA villages and by 29% (from 7.2% [246/3,405] to 5.1% [155/3,057]) in control villages. Over the following 9 months, the P. falciparum prevalence increased to 3.3% (96/2,881) in early MDA villages and to 6.1% (128/2,101) in control villages (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.41 [95% CI 0.20 to 0.84]; p = 0.015). Individual protection was proportional to the number of completed MDA rounds. Of 221 participants with subclinical P. falciparum infections who participated in MDA and could be followed up, 207 (94%) cleared their infections, including 9 of 10 with artemisinin- and piperaquine-resistant infections. The DP MDAs were well tolerated; 6 severe adverse events were detected during the follow-up period, but none was attributable to the intervention.ConclusionsAdded to community-based basic malaria control measures, 3 monthly rounds of DP MDA reduced the incidence and prevalence of falciparum malaria over a 1-year period in areas affected by artemisinin resistance. P. falciparum infections returned during the follow-up period as the remaining infections spread and malaria was reintroduced from surrounding areas. Limitations of this study include a relatively small sample of villages, heterogeneity between villages, and mobility of villagers that may have limited the impact of the intervention. These results suggest that, if used as part of a comprehensive, well-organised, and well-resourced elimination programme, DP MDA can be a useful additional tool to accelerate malaria elimination.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01872702.
- Published
- 2019
36. Printing biohybrid materials for bioelectronic cardio-3D-cellular constructs
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Sanjuan-Alberte, Paola, Whitehead, Charlie, Jones, Joshua N., Silva, João C., Carter, Nathan, Kellaway, Simon, Hague, Richard J.M., Cabral, Joaquim M.S., Ferreira, Frederico C., White, Lisa J., and Rawson, Frankie J.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Percolation across households in mechanistic models of non-pharmaceutical interventions in SARS-CoV-2 disease dynamics
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Franco, Caroline, Ferreira, Leonardo Souto, Sudbrack, Vítor, Borges, Marcelo Eduardo, Poloni, Silas, Prado, Paulo Inácio, White, Lisa J., Águas, Ricardo, Kraenkel, Roberto André, and Coutinho, Renato Mendes
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Mathematical analysis of a two-strain tuberculosis model in Bangladesh
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Kuddus, Md Abdul, McBryde, Emma S., Adekunle, Adeshina I., White, Lisa J., and Meehan, Michael T.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A solution NMR methodology enabling the elucidation of small molecule phospholipid membrane adhesion and passive permeation parameters.
- Author
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Serrano-Sanchez, Angela, Rice, Matthew, Cassar, Joseph, White, Lisa J., Popoola, Precious I. A., Thompson, Gary S., Hiscock, Jennifer R., and Ortega-Roldan, Jose L.
- Subjects
BIOLOGICAL membranes ,SMALL molecules ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,DRUGS - Abstract
Quantifying small molecule uptake across a biological membrane of a target cell is crucial for the development of efficacious and selective drugs. However, current methods to obtaining such data are not trivial. Herein, we present an accessible, higher-throughput (20 minutes),
1 H NMR spectroscopy assay, which enables the quantification of small molecule phospholipid passive membrane permeation and membrane adhesion parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
40. A dynamic stress model explains the delayed drug effect in artemisinin treatment of Plasmodium falciparum
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Cao, Pengxing, Klonis, Nectarios, Zaloumis, Sophie, Dogovski, Con, Xie, Stanley C., Saralamba, Sompob, White, Lisa J., Fowkes, Freya J. I., Tilley, Leann, Simpson, Julie A., and McCaw, James M.
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Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,92B05 - Abstract
Artemisinin resistance constitutes a major threat to the continued success of control programs for malaria. With alternative antimalarial drugs not yet available, improving our understanding of how artemisinin-based drugs act and how resistance manifests is essential to enable optimisation of dosing regimens in order to prolong the lifespan of current first-line treatment options. Here, through introduction of a novel model of the dynamics of the parasites' response to drug, we explore how artemisinin-based therapies may be adjusted to maintain efficacy and how artemisinin resistance may manifest and be overcome. We introduce a dynamic mathematical model, extending on the traditional pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic framework, to capture the time-dependent development of a stress response in parasites. We fit the model to in vitro data and establish that the parasites' stress response explains the recently identified complex interplay between drug concentration, exposure time and parasite viability. Our model demonstrates that the previously reported hypersensitivity of early ring stage parasites of the 3D7 strain to dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is primarily due to the rapid development of stress, rather than any change in the maximum achievable killing rate. Of direct clinical relevance, we demonstrate that the complex temporal features of artemisinin action observed in vitro have a significant impact on predictions of in vivo parasite clearance using PK-PD models. Given the important role that such models play in the design and evaluation of clinical trials for alternative drug dosing regimens, our model contributes an enhanced predictive platform for the continued efforts to minimise the burden of malaria., Comment: 24 Pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
- Published
- 2016
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41. COVID-19 testing and reporting behaviours in England across different sociodemographic groups: a population-based study using testing data and data from community prevalence surveillance surveys
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Bajaj, Sumali, Chen, Siyu, Creswell, Richard, Naidoo, Reshania, Tsui, Joseph L-H, Kolade, Olumide, Nicholson, George, Lehmann, Brieuc, Hay, James A, Kraemer, Moritz U G, Aguas, Ricardo, Donnelly, Christl A, Fowler, Tom, Hopkins, Susan, Cantrell, Liberty, Dahal, Prabin, White, Lisa J, Stepniewska, Kasia, Voysey, Merryn, Lambert, Ben, Aguas, Ricardo, Amswych, Ma'ayan, Andersen-Waine, Billie, Bajaj, Sumali, Bimpong, Kweku, Bodley, Adam, Cantrell, Liberty, Chen, Siyu, Creswell, Richard, Dahal, Prabin, Dickinson, Sophie, Dittrich, Sabine, Evans, Tracy, Ferguson-Lewis, Angus, Franco, Caroline, Gao, Bo, Hounsell, Rachel, Kasim, Muhammad, Keene, Claire, Lambert, Ben, Mahmood, Umar, Mills, Melinda, Moldokmatova, Ainura, Molyneux, Sassy, Naidoo, Reshania, Ngwafor Anye, Randolph, Norman, Jared, Pan-Ngum, Wirichada, Pokharel, Sunil, Polner, Anastasiia, Rowe, Emily, Saralamba, Sompob, Shretta, Rima, Silal, Sheetal, Stepniewska, Kasia, L-H Tsui, Joseph, Voysey, Merryn, Wanat, Marta, and White, Lisa J
- Abstract
Understanding underlying mechanisms of heterogeneity in test-seeking and reporting behaviour during an infectious disease outbreak can help to protect vulnerable populations and guide equity-driven interventions. The COVID-19 pandemic probably exerted different stresses on individuals in different sociodemographic groups and ensuring fair access to and usage of COVID-19 tests was a crucial element of England's testing programme. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 testing behaviours in England during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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- 2024
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42. Assessing Classroom Quality for Latino Dual Language Learners in Head Start: DLL-Specific and General Teacher-Child Interaction Perspectives
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White, Lisa J., Fernandez, Veronica A., and Greenfield, Daryl B.
- Abstract
Research Findings: The increase in young Latino Dual Language Learners (DLLs) attending early care and education (ECE) programs has led to a focus on assessing classroom quality for DLLs, to evaluate the quality and impact of their early educational experiences. Experts have advocated for the use of multiple classroom observation tools (i.e., DLL-specific and general quality) to comprehensively understand ECE contexts for young DLLs. This study used two classroom quality tools to examine 37 Head Start classrooms serving Spanish and English-speaking DLLs, from both a DLL-specific and general teacher-child interaction quality perspective. Children (N = 411) were assessed in the fall and spring on language, cognitive, and academic domains. Classroom observations were conducted in the winter to measure DLL-specific quality and general teacher-child interaction quality, respectively. Results revealed low to moderate correlations between the two observation measures. Additionally, findings from both tools demonstrated a range of associations with children's outcomes, with the "Supports for Home Language domain" (measured by the DLL-specific tool) demonstrating the most consistent relationships with child outcomes across domains. Practice or Policy: Findings are discussed in the context of current ECE research to support young DLLs and provide additional evidence to describe the impact of early educational experiences on young Latino DLLs.
- Published
- 2020
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43. Effect of generalised access to early diagnosis and treatment and targeted mass drug administration on Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Eastern Myanmar: an observational study of a regional elimination programme
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Landier, Jordi, Parker, Daniel M, Thu, Aung Myint, Lwin, Khin Maung, Delmas, Gilles, Nosten, François H, Group, Malaria Elimination Task Force, Andolina, Chiara, Aguas, Ricardo, Ang, Saw Moe, Aung, Ei Phyo, Baw, Naw Baw, Be, Saw Aye, B'Let, Saw, Bluh, Hay, Bonnington, Craig A, Chaumeau, Victor, Chirakiratinant, Miasa, Cho, Win Cho, Christensen, Peter, Corbel, Vincent, Day, Nicholas PJ, Dah, Saw Hsa, Dhorda, Mehul, Dondorp, Arjen M, Gaudart, Jean, Gornsawun, Gornpan, Haohankhunnatham, Warat, Hla, Saw Kyaw, Hsel, Saw Nay, Htoo, Gay Nay, Htoo, Saw Nay, Imwong, Mallika, John, Saw, Kajeechiwa, Ladda, Kereecharoen, Lily, Kittiphanakun, Praphan, Kittitawee, Keerati, Konghahong, Kamonchanok, Khin, Saw Diamond, Kyaw, Saw Win, Ling, Clare, Lwin, Khine Shwe War, Yin, Naw K', Marie, Alexandra, Maung, Cynthia, Marta, Ed, Minh, Myo Chit, Miotto, Olivo, Moo, Paw Khu, Moo, Ku Ler, Moo, Merry, Na, Naw Na, Nay, Mar, Nosten, Suphak, Nyo, Slight Naw, Oh, Eh Kalu Shwe, Oo, Phu Thit, Oo, Tun Pyit, Paw, Eh Shee, Phumiya, Choochai, Phyo, Aung Pyae, Pilaseng, Kasiha, Proux, Stéphane, Rakthinthong, Santisuk, Ritwongsakul, Wannee, Salathibuphha, Kloloi, Santirad, Armon, Sawasdichai, Sunisa, von Seidlein, Lorenz, Shee, Paw Wah, Shee, Paw Bway, Tangseefa, Decha, Thwin, May Myo, Tun, Saw Win, Wanachaloemlep, Chode, White, Lisa J, White, Nicholas J, Wiladphaingern, Jacher, Win, Saw Nyunt, Yee, Nan Lin, and Yuwapan, Daraporn
- Subjects
Infectious Diseases ,Malaria ,Rare Diseases ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Antimalarials ,Artemether ,Lumefantrine Drug Combination ,Artemisinins ,Drug Combinations ,Drug Resistance ,Early Diagnosis ,Ethanolamines ,Female ,Fluorenes ,Humans ,Incidence ,Malaria ,Falciparum ,Male ,Mass Drug Administration ,Myanmar ,Prevalence ,Primaquine ,Rural Population ,State Medicine ,Treatment Outcome ,Malaria Elimination Task Force Group ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundPotentially untreatable Plasmodium falciparum malaria threatens the Greater Mekong subregion. A previous series of pilot projects in Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam suggested that mass drug administration was safe, and when added to provision of early diagnosis and treatment, could reduce the reservoir of P falciparum and interrupts transmission. We examined the effects of a scaled-up programme of this strategy in four townships of eastern Myanmar on the incidence of P falciparum malaria.MethodsThe programme was implemented in the four townships of Myawaddy, Kawkareik, Hlaingbwe, and Hpapun in Kayin state, Myanmar. Increased access to early diagnosis and treatment of malaria was provided to all villages through community-based malaria posts equipped with rapid diagnostic tests, and treatment with artemether-lumefantrine plus single low-dose primaquine. Villages were identified as malarial hotspots (operationally defined as >40% malaria, of which 20% was P falciparum) with surveys using ultrasensitive quantitative PCR either randomly or targeted at villages where the incidence of clinical cases of P falciparum malaria remained high (ie, >100 cases per 1000 individuals per year) despite a functioning malaria post. During each survey, a 2 mL sample of venous blood was obtained from randomly selected adults. Hotspots received targeted mass drug administration with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus single-dose primaquine once per month for 3 consecutive months in addition to the malaria posts. The main outcome was the change in village incidence of clinical P falciparum malaria, quantified using a multivariate, generalised, additive multilevel model. Malaria prevalence was measured in the hotspots 12 months after mass drug administration.FindingsBetween May 1, 2014, and April 30, 2017, 1222 malarial posts were opened, providing early diagnosis and treatment to an estimated 365 000 individuals. Incidence of P falciparum malaria decreased by 60 to 98% in the four townships. 272 prevalence surveys were undertaken and 69 hotspot villages were identified. By April 2017, 50 hotspots were treated with mass drug administration. Hotspot villages had a three times higher incidence of P falciparum at malarial posts than neighbouring villages (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2·7, 95% CI 1·8-4·4). Early diagnosis and treatment was associated with a significant decrease in P falciparum incidence in hotspots (IRR 0·82, 95% CI 0·76-0·88 per quarter) and in other villages (0·75, 0·73-0·78 per quarter). Mass drug administration was associated with a five-times decrease in P falciparum incidence within hotspot villages (IRR 0·19, 95% CI 0·13-0·26). By April, 2017, 965 villages (79%) of 1222 corresponding to 104 village tracts were free from P falciparum malaria for at least 6 months. The prevalence of wild-type genotype for K13 molecular markers of artemisinin resistance was stable over the three years (39%; 249/631).InterpretationProviding early diagnosis and effective treatment substantially decreased village-level incidence of artemisinin-resistant P falciparum malaria in hard-to-reach, politically sensitive regions of eastern Myanmar. Targeted mass drug administration significantly reduced malaria incidence in hotspots. If these activities could proceed in all contiguous endemic areas in addition to standard control programmes already implemented, there is a possibility of subnational elimination of P falciparum.FundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Regional Artemisinin Initiative (Global Fund against AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria), and the Wellcome Trust.
- Published
- 2018
44. Herd protection against Plasmodium falciparum infections conferred by mass antimalarial drug administrations and the implications for malaria elimination
- Author
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Parker, Daniel M, Tun, Sai Thein Than, White, Lisa J, Kajeechiwa, Ladda, Thwin, May Myo, Landier, Jordi, Chaumeau, Victor, Corbel, Vincent, Dondorp, Arjen M, von Seidlein, Lorenz, White, Nicholas J, Maude, Richard J, and Nosten, François H
- Subjects
Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Malaria ,Orphan Drug ,Rare Diseases ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being - Abstract
ABSTRACT The global malaria burden has decreased over the last decade and many nations are attempting elimination. Asymptomatic infections aren’t normally diagnosed or treated, posing a major hurdle for elimination efforts. One solution to this problem is mass drug administration (MDA), which is dependent on adequate population participation to disrupt transmission. There is little empirical evidence regarding the necessary threshold level of participation. Here we present a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of malaria episodes and asymptomatic infections in four villages undergoing MDA in Myanmar. Individuals from neighborhoods with high MDA adherence had 90% decreased odds of having a malaria episode post-MDA, regardless of individual participation, suggesting a strong herd effect. High mosquito biting rates, living in a house with someone else with malaria, or having an asymptomatic malaria infection were also predictors of clinical episodes. Spatial clustering of non-adherence to MDA, even in villages with high overall participation, can frustrate elimination efforts.
- Published
- 2018
45. Towards malaria elimination in Savannakhet, Lao PDR: mathematical modelling driven strategy design
- Author
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Tun, Sai Thein Than, von Seidlein, Lorenz, Pongvongsa, Tiengkham, Mayxay, Mayfong, Saralamba, Sompob, Kyaw, Shwe Sin, Chanthavilay, Phetsavanh, Celhay, Olivier, Nguyen, Tran Dang, Tran, Thu Nguyen-Anh, Parker, Daniel M, Boni, Maciej F, Dondorp, Arjen M, and White, Lisa J
- Subjects
HIV/AIDS ,Immunization ,Infectious Diseases ,Malaria ,Prevention ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Rare Diseases ,Vaccine Related ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Community Health Workers ,Disease Eradication ,Early Diagnosis ,Geography ,Humans ,Insecticide-Treated Bednets ,Laos ,Malaria Vaccines ,Malaria ,Falciparum ,Models ,Theoretical ,Universal Health Insurance ,Malaria elimination ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Mathematical model ,Savannakhet ,Mass Vaccination and Drug Administration ,Malaria surveillance ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,Public Health and Health Services ,Tropical Medicine - Abstract
BACKGROUND:The number of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases around the world has decreased substantially over the last 15 years, but with the spread of resistance against anti-malarial drugs and insecticides, this decline may not continue. There is an urgent need to consider alternative, accelerated strategies to eliminate malaria in countries like Lao PDR, where there are a few remaining endemic areas. A deterministic compartmental modelling tool was used to develop an integrated strategy for P. falciparum elimination in the Savannakhet province of Lao PDR. The model was designed to include key aspects of malaria transmission and integrated control measures, along with a user-friendly interface. RESULTS:Universal coverage was the foundation of the integrated strategy, which took the form of the deployment of community health workers who provided universal access to early diagnosis, treatment and long-lasting insecticidal nets. Acceleration was included as the deployment of three monthly rounds of mass drug administration targeted towards high prevalence villages, with the addition of three monthly doses of the RTS,S vaccine delivered en masse to the same high prevalence sub-population. A booster dose of vaccine was added 1 year later. The surveillance-as-intervention component of the package involved the screening and treatment of individuals entering the simulated population. CONCLUSIONS:In this modelling approach, the sequential introduction of a series of five available interventions in an integrated strategy was predicted to be sufficient to stop malaria transmission within a 3-year period. These interventions comprised universal access to early diagnosis and adequate treatment, improved access to long-lasting insecticidal nets, three monthly rounds of mass drug administration together with RTS,S vaccination followed by a booster dose of vaccine, and screening and treatment of imported cases.
- Published
- 2017
46. Mathematical analysis of a two-strain disease model with amplification
- Author
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Kuddus, Md Abdul, McBryde, Emma S., Adekunle, Adeshina I., White, Lisa J., and Meehan, Michael T.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Strengths and opportunities in research into extracellular matrix ageing: A consultation with the ECMage research community.
- Author
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Dalby, Matthew J., Pekovic‐Vaughan, Vanja, Shanley, Daryl P., Swift, Joe, White, Lisa J., and Canty‐Laird, Elizabeth G.
- Subjects
EXTRACELLULAR matrix ,SCIENTIFIC community ,BIOFILMS ,RESEARCH personnel ,INTERDISCIPLINARY research ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
Ageing causes progressive decline in metabolic, behavioural, and physiological functions, leading to a reduced health span. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the three‐dimensional network of macromolecules that provides our tissues with structure and biomechanical resilience. Imbalance between damage and repair/regeneration causes the ECM to undergo structural deterioration with age, contributing to age‐associated pathology. The ECM 'Ageing Across the Life Course' interdisciplinary research network (ECMage) was established to bring together researchers in the United Kingdom, and internationally, working on the emerging field of ECM ageing. Here we report on a consultation at a joint meeting of ECMage and the Medical Research Council / Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, held in January 2023, in which delegates analysed the key questions and research opportunities in the field of ECM ageing. We examine fundamental biological questions, enabling technologies, systems of study and emerging in vitro and in silico models, alongside consideration of the broader challenges facing the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
48. Supramolecular Self-Associating Amphiphiles Inhibit Biofilm Formation by the Critical Pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans
- Author
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Steyn, Hendrik J. F., primary, White, Lisa J., additional, Hilton, Kira L. F., additional, Hiscock, Jennifer R., additional, and Pohl, Carolina H., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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49. Investment case for malaria elimination in South Africa: a financing model for resource mobilization to accelerate regional malaria elimination
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Njau, Joseph, Silal, Sheetal P., Kollipara, Aparna, Fox, Katie, Balawanth, Ryleen, Yuen, Anthony, White, Lisa J., Moya, Mandisi, Pillay, Yogan, and Moonasar, Devanand
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Potential global impacts of alternative dosing regimen and rollout options for the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine
- Author
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Aguas, Ricardo, Bharath, Anouska, White, Lisa J., Gao, Bo, Pollard, Andrew J., Voysey, Merryn, and Shretta, Rima
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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