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Due to their ability to be tailored in terms of strength, stiffness, and density, composite materials are a valuable commodity in the aerospace sector. But composite materials also deteriorate with time, just like other materials do, particularly in abrasive conditions like space. Thermal degradation brought on by abrupt temperature changes in the aircraft environment, which can result in dimensional changes, cracking, and even decomposition of composite materials, are degradation issues that can influence composite materials in aerospace applications. In this study, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of carbon/phenolic composites, as a fiber using carbon fiber (Kyoto carbon) with plain weave type and as a matrix using ARMC-551-RN phenolic resin. Furthermore, the test method refers to the ASTM E1131-08 Standard. Thermogravimetric Compositional Analysis Test Method. Ultimately, engineers hope to improve spacecraft design, reliability, and safety in severe space missions by using TGA analysis to understand the thermal characteristics and stability of carbon/phenolic composite materials utilized in spacecraft components.

The article "Decarbonizing the Maritime Industry: A Collaborative Path Forward" discusses the maritime industry's efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through international policies, practical innovations, and collaborative frameworks. Key initiatives such as the IMO 2023 targets, Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI), and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) are driving the industry's decarbonization journey. Practical measures like biofuels and technological innovations such as wind wings and digital tools are central to reducing emissions and improving operational efficiency. The industry's commitment to sustainability is not only environmentally driven but also economically beneficial, with initiatives like Chevron's eco-steaming program showcasing immediate financial benefits. The article emphasizes the importance of collaboration, data-driven strategies, and innovation in achieving a cleaner, more efficient maritime sector aligned with global sustainable development goals. [Extracted from the article]

Polysulfone (Psf) ultrafiltration flat-sheet membranes were modified with hydroxyapatite (HA) powder during preparation using the wet-phase inversion method. HA was incorporated to enhance the protein separation capabilities. The asymmetric Psf membranes were synthesized using NMP as the solvent. Through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, it was revealed that HA was distributed across the membrane. Incorporating HA led to higher flux, the improved rejection of protein, and enhanced surface hydrophilicity. The permeability flux increased with HA concentration, peaking at 0.3 wt.%, resulting in a 38% improvement to 65 LMH/bar. Whey protein separation was evaluated using the model proteins BSA and lysozyme, representing α-Lactalbumin. The results of protein rejection for the blend membranes indicated that the rejection rates for BSA and lysozyme increased to 97.2% and 73%, respectively. Both the native and blend membranes showed similar BSA rejection rates; however, the blend membranes demonstrated better performance in lysozyme separation, indicating superior selectivity compared to native membranes. The modified membranes exhibited improved hydrophilicity, with water contact angles decreasing from 66° to 53°, alongside improved antifouling properties, indicated by a lower flux decline ratio value. This simple and economical modification method enhances permeability without sacrificing separation efficiency, hence facilitating the scalability of membrane production in the whey protein separation industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries are fundamental to modern electric vehicles, offering high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rates. However, thermal runaway--a critical safety issue involving uncontrolled temperature increases--can lead to fire or explosion. Ensuring flame retardancy is crucial in accidents where battery packs are exposed to external fires. Additionally, battery packs are susceptible to mechanical stresses and potential damage from ground impacts like debris or uneven road surfaces. Effective thermal management significantly impacts capacity and longevity. This review emphasizes the importance of researching flame retardancy, ground impact resistance, and thermal management, especially in composite battery enclosures. Composites serve as a lightweight alternative to metals and help overcome one of the main constraints of EVs, which is weight. Ground impact refers to the physical force battery packs endure during collisions, hitting potholes, debris, or accidents. Therefore, understanding the effects of ground impact on battery enclosures is crucial for design considerations. Effective thermal management is also essential, as it directly affects the performance and safety of Lithium-ion battery packs in EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising wastewater treatment technology, ultrafiltration membranes face challenges related to fouling and flux reduction. To enhance these membranes, various strategies have been explored. Among them, the incorporation of nano-activated carbon (nAC) powder has emerged as an effective method. In this study, composite polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated using nAC powder at concentrations ranging from 0 to 8 wt.%. These membranes underwent comprehensive investigation, including assessments of membrane morphology, hydrophilicity, pure water flux, equilibrium water content, porosity, average pore size, and protein separation. The addition of activated carbon improved several desirable properties. Specifically, the hydrophilicity of the PSF membranes was enhanced, with the contact angle reduced from 69° to 58° for 8 wt.% of nAC composite membranes compared to the pristine PSF membrane. Furthermore, the water flux test revealed that 6 wt.% activated carbon-based membranes exhibited the highest flux, with a nearly 3 times improvement at 2 bar. Importantly, this enhancement did not compromise the protein rejection. Additionally, the introduction of nAC had a significant effect on the membrane's pore size by improving lysozyme rejection up to 40%. Overall, these findings will guide the selection of the optimal concentration of nAC for PSF ultrafiltration membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the advancements in brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) and reverse engineering the brain, highlighting the convergence of neuroscience, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence. BMIs facilitate direct interaction between the human brain and external technological equipment, with applications in healthcare, robotics, and personal performance improvement. Reverse engineering the brain aims to decipher its complex pathways for potential interventions in disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The ethical implications of these technologies, including privacy concerns and the potential for exploitation, are also addressed in the article. [Extracted from the article]

This study explores the use of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify and mitigate risks in Solar Power Plants (PLTS) in Indonesia’s new National Capital City (IKN). As renewable energy is vital to Indonesia’s sustainability goals, managing risks in PLTS is essential for ensuring reliable and efficient energy production. The research identifies key challenges such as PV Array mo dule failures, shading effects, and control system disruptions, which significantly impact electricity generation. Using the Risk Priority Number (RPN) methodology, the study ranks PV Array modules as the highest risk component (RPN 192), followed by Control and Management Systems (RPN 140) and PV Circuit Breakers and Video Monitoring Systems (RPN 120). These findings underline the need for targeted mitigation strategies. Recommendations include regular PV module inspections, hotspot monitoring technology, firmware updates, and enhanced fire protection systems. Preventive measures like grounding current maintenance and fire sensor upgrades further minimize operational disruptions, ensuring component durability and system efficiency. By leveraging the FMEA framework, this study systematically identifies and prioritizes risks while providing actionable solutions to enhance operational resilience. The results align with Indonesia’s vision of achieving 80 % renewable energy utilization in IKN by 2045. This research offers broader applicability for renewable energy systems in similar contexts, contributing to clean energy initiatives, reducing fossil fuel dependency, and supporting sustainable urban planning. It serves as a critical resource for integrating renewable energy into Indonesia’s green and resilient capital city vision [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of low-concentration fumed silica (FS) in polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. The PES/FS blend membrane was fabricated using a wet phase inversion technique as a flat sheet membrane. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed improved pore connectivity and rounder middle structures due to the addition of fumed silica. The experimental results indicated that the fabricated membranes fell within the ultrafiltration range, with pure water flux increasing as fumed silica concentration rose. The pure water flux improved by 64% compared to the native PES membrane. Furthermore, the blend membranes exhibited better selectivity, rejecting pepsin and lysozyme 11% and 19% more efficiently, respectively. Although the low concentration of fumed silica had minimal impact on the water contact angles of the membrane surface, all membranes demonstrated hydrophilicity. This cost-effective approach enhances permeability while maintaining separation characteristics, making it suitable for clean water applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of hydrogen and ammonia technology in promoting clean energy. Hydrogen is seen as a clean energy carrier that can help reduce air pollution. However, most hydrogen production still relies on natural gas, which leads to greenhouse gas emissions. Ammonia gas, which contains more hydrogen than hydrogen itself, is also being explored as a clean alternative to fossil fuels. There are challenges to overcome in transitioning to hydrogen technology, such as safety concerns and high production costs. Despite these challenges, there is increasing investment and commitment to integrating hydrogen into national energy strategies. The article also highlights the potential of green ammonia as a derivative of hydrogen for storage and transport, particularly in sectors where traditional battery storage is not feasible. Ongoing advancements in hydrogen production and the development of green ammonia offer promising opportunities for achieving a sustainable and clean energy future. [Extracted from the article]

Microheaters are used in several applications, including medical diagnostics, synthesis, environmental monitoring, and actuation. Conventional microheaters rely on thin-film electrodes microfabricated in a clean-room environment. However, low-cost alternatives based on conductive paste electrodes fabricated using printing techniques have started to emerge over the years. Here, we report a surprising effect that leads to significant electrode performance improvement as confirmed by the thorough characterization of bulk, processed, and conditioned samples. Mixing silver ink and PVA results in the solubilization of performance-hindering organic compounds. These compounds evaporate during heating cycles. The new electrodes, which reach a temperature of 80 °C within 5 min using a current of 7.0 A, display an overall 42% and 35% improvement in the mechanical (hardness) and electrical (resistivity) properties compared to pristine silver ink electrodes. To validate our results, we use the composite heater to amplify and detect parasite DNA from Trypanosoma brucei, associated with African sleeping sickness. Our LAMP test compares well with commercially available systems, confirming the excellent performance of our nanocomposite heaters. Since their fabrication relies on well-established techniques, we anticipate they will find use in a range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides a summary of various research papers covering a wide range of topics. The papers explore subjects such as the properties of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6, new materials for nuclear reactor fuel cladding, natural fiber composites for noise control, regenerative anti-lock braking systems for electric vehicles, vehicle sensing and localization technologies for autonomous driving, UAV communications, linear profile involute gears, digital marketing capabilities in Indonesian firms, factors influencing confidence in STEM practices among preservice teachers, tangible user interfaces for physical therapy in children, intelligent interfaces for personalized recommendations in tourism websites, paper-based glucose sensors for non-invasive glucose monitoring, top-priority industries in Russian regions, scalable processes for producing analytical grade sodium chloride, functionalization of cotton fabric using silver nanoparticles, catalytic cracking of palm fatty acid distillate for biofuel production, and kinetic models for enzymatic biodiesel production. These papers provide valuable insights into various scientific and technological advancements in their respective fields. [Extracted from the article]

Previous research extensively characterized PLA blends for various biomedical applications, especially in polymer-based biodegradable implant fixations, offering advantages over metallic counterparts. Nevertheless, achieving an optimal PLA mixture with both mechanical resistance and fast biodegradability remains a challenge. Currently, literature still lacks insights into the manufacturing parameter impact on sago starch/PLA in combination with PEG plasticizer. The objective of this study is to assess variations in injection molding temperatures and sago/PLA/PEG weight compositions to identify the optimal combination enhancing miniplate mechanical properties and biodegradation behavior. Mechanical tests reveal that incorporating PEG into pure PLA yields high mechanical performance, correlating linearly with increasing injection temperature. However, the interaction once the three materials are mixed decreases mechanical performance across tested temperatures. Higher biodegradation rates are observed with a larger weight composition of the hydrophilic behavior attributed to sago starch presence. The observed novelty in PLA mixed with 20% sago starch and 10% PEG at 170 °C indicates a better performance in elastic modulus and elongation at break also the degradation rate, emphasizing the role of injection temperature in molding miniplate implants. In conclusion, the interplay of injection molding parameters and material compositions is crucial for optimizing PLA-based miniplate implants, with potential contributions to tissue implants rather than bone implants due to their mechanical limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a compilation of scholarly articles that cover a range of research topics related to technological innovation, economic development, and sustainability. The articles explore subjects such as the impact of socio-economic factors on regional economic security, the prediction of road accident severity, the development of state digital platforms for healthcare systems, and the management of circularity in industrial ecosystems. The papers provide valuable insights into these areas and offer practical tools and methodologies for analysis and decision-making. The document encourages researchers to submit their own work for consideration and invites readers to engage with the research presented. [Extracted from the article]

Severe hand injuries resulting from accidents can lead to the traumatic loss of an upper limb. The provision of an assistive device, such as an arm prosthesis, can help patients regain their courage and motivation to engage with the public. This project aimed to integrate 3D scanning and printing technology to develop a customized passive arm prosthesis for individuals who have experienced shoulder disarticulation due to a traumatic accident. The fabrication of the arm prosthesis was specifically designed and tailored to meet each patient's unique needs and preferences. The prosthesis design was created based on 3D scan files obtained from the patients. Finite element analysis was employed to analyze the design and determine the optimal materials to use, as well as to optimize the overall design. The finalized model was then converted into STL file format and G-code for the 3D printing process. To ensure ease of use, the entire arm prosthesis and a harness system were assembled, and multiple tests and fittings were conducted on the patient. Several prototypes of the arm prosthesis were fabricated to achieve the best fit for each individual patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]