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Land-use maps containing crop rotational information are very important in land management and physical planning. Such maps are usually generated using multitemporal data. Although recent technology allows analysts to process multitemporal information effectively, the use of single date imagery for such purpose is more efficient. This study aimed to map detailed agricultural land-use with crop rotational information based on a single date Landsat 8 imagery and SRTM-derived terrain attributes. A landscape ecological approach assuming the influence of terrain characteristics on the existence of crop and land-use types was implemented in multisource classification using random decision forest (RDF) machine learning algorithm. The use of seven optical bands and five terrain attributes could provide a land-use map at 88.03% accuracy, compared to seven optical bands only that generate 82.45% accuracy. These results are also better than those of maximum likelihood. The most influential variables in the achieved accuracy are elevation and thermal band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lake Batur is a aquatic ecosystem that has a role for domestic and economic needs of the people in Kintamani District, Bangli Regency even widely used within the Bali Province. This lake is one of the national priority that must be immediately saved due to degradation and sedimentation based on the stipulation in the Indonesian Presidential Regulation. This research aims to determine the level of water quality of Lake Batur, identify community activities and its correlation with water degradation, and formulate strategies for controlling water ecosystem. Primary data for this research are 11 different water sample points determined based on land use around the lake. The water sample datas then are tested in the laboratory to observe physical, chemical and biological parameters, then determine water quality index using NSF-WQI method and pollution index. Secondary data is interviews with communities around. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling classified based on the livelihoods of local residents. Based on calculations using the NSF-WQI method, Lake Batur water has a score of 68.97 or classified as moderate status. The water quality of Lake Batur calculated using polution index method has a score of 8.56, which is classified in the moderately polluted. Community activities are very dependent on the existence of lakes and are very close to water bodies. Waste generated from various activities has a risk of water degradation and sedimentation. Waste and sedimentation can occur due to the use of chemicals. Communities should switch for using organic materials such as compost for farmers and natural fish food for fish cultivators, as well as being orderly in implementing existing policies. The government needs to provide physical and non-physical facilities to support for reducing the risk of. Investors are expected to follow policies and apply ecotourism principles.

The Urbanization process in Indonesia's big cities causes adverse environmental impacts such as climate change and land cover change. Urban climate change causes the warming of urban areas compared to rural areas; it is called Urban Heat Island phenomenon. Loss of vegetation due to urban development is one of several causes that contribute to urban heat islands. This study examines the availability of green spaces and their effects on the surface urban heat island in Denpasar city. This study used the spatial approach for Urban Green space mapping with digitizing methods. Landsat 8's thermal band is used for land surface temperature mapping and to conduct a spatial pattern analysis of the SUHI phenomena. The Global Moran's Index and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) were used to determine the correlation between urban green space and SUHI. The study result shows that Denpasar City's urban green space area covers 28.22 km2. That's equal to 22.1% of the Denpasar City Administrative area. Denpasar Selatan district has the largest urban green space cover, with 14.19 km2 covered, or 50.27% of all the green space in Denpasar City. The majority of Denpasar is affected by UHI occurrences, except the northern region of North Denpasar and the southern region of South Denpasar. The maximum UHI level reaches 4-5°C, located on the east side of South Denpasar, especially in the Sanur coastal area. According to the spatial pattern study, the association between urban green space and SUHI only exists on the north side of Denpasar. The correlation between low-SUHI intensity clusters and high cover of green space is shown in the same area. However, the association between High-UHI intensity and low green space cover has not significantly happened. It indicated that other factors besides green space could affect the land surface temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]