Search

Your search keyword '"Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf"' showing total 50 results
Start Over Author "Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf"
50 results on '"Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf"'

1. Calibration of the strain amplitude recorded with DAS using a strainmeter array

Author

Forbriger, Thomas, Karamzadeh, Nasim, Azzola, Jérôme, Gaucher, Emmanuel, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, and Rietbrock, Andreas

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

The power of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) lies in its ability to sample deformation signals along an optical fiber at hundreds of locations with only one interrogation unit (IU). While the IU is calibrated to record 'fiber strain', the properties of the cable and its coupling to the rock control the 'strain transfer rate' and hence how much of 'rock strain' is represented in the recorded signal. We use DAS recordings in an underground installation near an array of strainmeters in order to calibrate the 'strain transfer rate' in situ, using earthquake signals between 0.05 Hz and 0.1 Hz. A tight-buffered cable and a standard loose-tube telecommunication cable (running in parallel) are used, where a section of both cables loaded down by loose sand and sand bags is compared to a section, where cables are just unreeled on the floor. The 'strain transfer rate' varies between 0.13 and 0.53 depending on cable and installation type. The sandbags show no obvious effect and the tight-buffered cable generally provides a larger 'strain transfer rate'. Calibration of the 'strain transfer rate' with respect to the strainmeter does not depend on wave propagation parameters. Hence it is applicable to the large amplitude surface wave signal in a strain component almost perpendicular to the great-circle direction for which a waveform comparison with seismometer data does not work. The noise background for 'rock strain' in the investigated band is found at about an rms-amplitude of 0.1 nstrain in 1/6 decade for the tight-buffered cable. This allows a detection of marine microseisms at times of high microseism amplitude.

Published
2024

2. Seismic detection of a deep mantle discontinuity within Mars by InSight

Author

Huang, Quancheng, Schmerr, Nicholas C, King, Scott D, Kim, Doyeon, Rivoldini, Attilio, Plesa, Ana-Catalina, Samuel, Henri, Maguire, Ross R, Karakostas, Foivos, Lekić, Vedran, Charalambous, Constantinos, Collinet, Max, Myhill, Robert, Antonangeli, Daniele, Drilleau, Mélanie, Bystricky, Misha, Bollinger, Caroline, Michaut, Chloé, Gudkova, Tamara, Irving, Jessica CE, Horleston, Anna, Fernando, Benjamin, Leng, Kuangdai, Nissen-Meyer, Tarje, Bejina, Frederic, Bozdağ, Ebru, Beghein, Caroline, Waszek, Lauren, Siersch, Nicki C, Scholz, John-Robert, Davis, Paul M, Lognonné, Philippe, Pinot, Baptiste, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Panning, Mark P, Smrekar, Suzanne E, Spohn, Tilman, Pike, William T, Giardini, Domenico, and Banerdt, W Bruce

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical Sciences, Geology, Geophysics, Earth, Planet, Extraterrestrial Environment, Iron, Mars, Minerals, interior of Mars, mantle transition zone, thermal evolution of Mars
Abstract

Constraining the thermal and compositional state of the mantle is crucial for deciphering the formation and evolution of Mars. Mineral physics predicts that Mars' deep mantle is demarcated by a seismic discontinuity arising from the pressure-induced phase transformation of the mineral olivine to its higher-pressure polymorphs, making the depth of this boundary sensitive to both mantle temperature and composition. Here, we report on the seismic detection of a midmantle discontinuity using the data collected by NASA's InSight Mission to Mars that matches the expected depth and sharpness of the postolivine transition. In five teleseismic events, we observed triplicated P and S waves and constrained the depth of this discontinuity to be 1,006 [Formula: see text] 40 km by modeling the triplicated waveforms. From this depth range, we infer a mantle potential temperature of 1,605 [Formula: see text] 100 K, a result consistent with a crust that is 10 to 15 times more enriched in heat-producing elements than the underlying mantle. Our waveform fits to the data indicate a broad gradient across the boundary, implying that the Martian mantle is more enriched in iron compared to Earth. Through modeling of thermochemical evolution of Mars, we observe that only two out of the five proposed composition models are compatible with the observed boundary depth. Our geodynamic simulations suggest that the Martian mantle was relatively cold 4.5 Gyr ago (1,720 to 1,860 K) and are consistent with a present-day surface heat flow of 21 to 24 mW/m2.

Published
2022

3. The In Situ Evaluation of the SEIS Noise Model

Author

Pinot, Baptiste, Mimoun, David, Murdoch, Naomi, Onodera, Keisuke, Johnson, Catherine, Mittelholz, Anna, Drilleau, Melanie, Stott, Alexander, Pou, Laurent, de Raucourt, Sebastien, Lognonné, Philippe, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Lange, Lucas, Panning, Mark, and Banerdt, Bruce

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Potential Pitfalls in the Analysis and Structural Interpretation of Seismic Data from the Mars InSight Mission.

Author

Kim, Doyeon, Davis, Paul, Lekić, Ved, Maguire, Ross, Compaire, Nicolas, Schimmel, Martin, Stutzmann, Eleonore, C. E. Irving, Jessica, Lognonné, Philippe, Scholz, John-Robert, Clinton, John, Zenhäusern, Géraldine, Dahmen, Nikolaj, Deng, Sizhuang, Levander, Alan, Panning, Mark P, Garcia, Raphaël F, Giardini, Domenico, Hurst, Ken, Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte, Nimmo, Francis, Pike, W Tom, Pou, Laurent, Schmerr, Nicholas, Stähler, Simon C, Tauzin, Benoit, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, and Banerdt, William B

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics, Civil Engineering, Geochemistry & Geophysics, Civil engineering
Abstract

The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) of the InSight mission to Mars, has been providing direct information on Martian interior structure and dynamics of that planet since it landed. Compared to seismic recordings on Earth, ground motion measurements acquired by SEIS on Mars are made under dramatically different ambient noise conditions, but include idiosyncratic signals that arise from coupling between different InSight sensors and spacecraft components. This work is to synthesize what is known about these signal types, illustrate how they can manifest in waveforms and noise correlations, and present pitfalls in structural interpretations based on standard seismic analysis methods. We show that glitches, a type of prominent transient signal, can produce artifacts in ambient noise correlations. Sustained signals that vary in frequency, such as lander modes which are affected by variations in temperature and wind conditions over the course of the Martian Sol, can also contaminate ambient noise results. Therefore, both types of signals have the potential to bias interpretation in terms of subsurface layering. We illustrate that signal processing in the presence of identified nonseismic signals must be informed by an understanding of the underlying physical processes in order for high fidelity waveforms of ground motion to be extracted. While the origins of most idiosyncratic signals are well understood, the 2.4 Hz resonance remains debated and the literature does not contain an explanation of its fine spectral structure. Even though the selection of idiosyncratic signal types discussed in this paper may not be exhaustive, we provide guidance on best practices for enhancing the robustness of structural interpretations.

Published
2021

5. A rockslide-generated tsunami in a Greenland fjord rang Earth for 9 days.

Author

Svennevig, Kristian, Hicks, Stephen P., Forbriger, Thomas, Lecocq, Thomas, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mangeney, Anne, Hibert, Clément, Korsgaard, Niels J., Lucas, Antoine, Satriano, Claudio, Anthony, Robert E., Mordret, Aurélien, Schippkus, Sven, Rysgaard, Søren, Boone, Wieter, Gibbons, Steven J., Cook, Kristen L., Glimsdal, Sylfest, Løvholt, Finn, and Van Noten, Koen

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight

Author

Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphaël F., Lognonné, Philippe, Karatekin, Özgür, Perrin, Clément, Martire, Léo, Teanby, Nicholas, Hove, Bart Van, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sébastien, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouarn, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Määttänen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen R., Clinton, John, Stähler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Éric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Véronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., and Banerdt, W. Bruce

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Description of Martian Convective Vortices Observed by InSight and Implications for Vertical Vortex Structure and Subsurface Physical Properties

Author

Onodera, Keisuke, primary, Nishida, Kiwamu, additional, Kawamura, Taichi, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Drilleau, Mélanie, additional, Otsuka, Ryoji, additional, Lorenz, Ralph, additional, Horleston, Anna, additional, Widmer‐Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Schimmel, Martin, additional, Rodriguez, Sebastien, additional, Carrasco, Sebastián, additional, Tanaka, Satoshi, additional, Perrin, Clement, additional, Lognonné, Philippe, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Banfield, Don, additional, Panning, Mark, additional, and Banerdt, William Bruce, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Systematic catalog of Martian convective vortices observed by InSight

Author

Onodera, Keisuke, primary, Nishida, Kiwamu, additional, Kawamura, Taichi, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Drilleau, Mélanie, additional, Otsuka, Ryoji, additional, Lorenz, Ralph D., additional, Horleston, Anna Catherine, additional, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Schimmel, Martin, additional, Rodriguez, Sebastien, additional, Carrasco, Sebastián, additional, Tanaka, Satoshi, additional, Perrin, Clement, additional, Lognonné, Philippe, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Banfield, Donald, additional, Panning, Mark Paul, additional, and Banerdt, William Bruce, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Description of Martian convective vortices observed by InSight and implications for vertical vortex structure and subsurface physical properties

Author

NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Onodera, K., Nishida, Kiwamu, Kawamura, Taichi, Murdoch, Naomi, Drilleau, M., Otsuka, Ryoji, Lorenz, Ralph, Horleston, Anna, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Schimmel, Martin, Rodriguez, Sebastien, Carrasco, Sebastián, Tanaka, Satoshi, Perrin, Clément, Lognonné, Philippe, Spiga, Aymeric, Banfield, Don, Panning, Mark, Banerdt, William Bruce, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Onodera, K., Nishida, Kiwamu, Kawamura, Taichi, Murdoch, Naomi, Drilleau, M., Otsuka, Ryoji, Lorenz, Ralph, Horleston, Anna, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Schimmel, Martin, Rodriguez, Sebastien, Carrasco, Sebastián, Tanaka, Satoshi, Perrin, Clément, Lognonné, Philippe, Spiga, Aymeric, Banfield, Don, Panning, Mark, and Banerdt, William Bruce

Abstract

Convective vortices (whirlwinds) and dust devils (dust-loaded vortices) are one of the most common phenomena on Mars. They reflect the local thermodynamical structure of the atmosphere and are the driving force of the dust cycle. Additionally, they cause an elastic ground deformation, which is useful for retrieving the subsurface rigidity. Therefore, investigating convective vortices with the right instrumentation can lead to a better understanding of the Martian atmospheric structures as well as the subsurface physical properties. In this study, we quantitatively characterized the convective vortices detected by NASA's InSight (~13,000 events) using meteorological (e.g., pressure, wind speed, temperature) and seismic data. The evaluated parameters, such as the signal-to-noise ratio, event duration, asymmetricity of pressure drop profiles, and cross-correlation between seismic and pressure signals, are compiled as a catalog. Using these parameters, we investigated (a) the vortex structure and (b) the subsurface physical properties. Regarding the first topic, we tried to illustrate the vertical vortex structure and its link to the shape of the pressure profiles by combining the asymmetrical features seen in the observed pressure drops and the terrestrial observations of dust devils. Our results indicate that most of the vortices move with the wall tilted in the advection direction. Concerning the second topic, selecting the highly correlated events between pressure perturbation and ground response, we estimated the subsurface rigidity at the InSight landing site down to 100 m depth. Our results indicate that the subsurface structure can be modeled with two layers having a transition at 5¿15 m depth.

Published
2023

12. Characterization of the InSight Landing Site Near Surface Properties Using the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Probe (HP³) Mole as a Seismic Source

Author

Kedar, Sharon, Banerdt, William Bruce, Brinkman, Nienke, Charalambous, Constantinos, Delage, Pierre, Fayon, Lucile, Gaudin, Emilien, Giardini, Domenico, Grott, Matthias, Horleston, Anna C, Hudson, Troy, Hurst, Kenneth J, Kiely, Aaron B, Kerjean, Laurent, Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte, Krasner, Sanford M, Krause, Christian, Lognonné, Philippe Henri, McClean, John, Nonon, Michel, Pike, William T, Robertsson, Johan O A, Schmelzbach, Cedric, Schmerr, Nicholas C, Stott, Alexander, Spohn, Tilman, Sollberger, David, Staehler, Simon C, Teanby, Nicholas A, Vallade, Julien, van Driel, Martin, Verdier, Nicolas, Vrettos, Christos, Warren, Tristram, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, and Yana, Charles

Published
2019

13. Characterization of the InSight Landing Site Near Surface Properties Using the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Probe (HP³) Mole as a Seismic Source

Author

Yana, Charles, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Warren, Tristram, Vrettos, Christos, Verdier, Nicolas, van Driel, Martin, Vallade, Julien, Teanby, Nicholas A, Staehler, Simon C, Sollberger, David, Spohn, Tilman, Stott, Alexander, Schmerr, Nicholas C, Schmelzbach, Cedric, Robertsson, Johan O A, Pike, William T, Nonon, Michel, McClean, John, Lognonné, Philippe Henri, Krause, Christian, Krasner, Sanford M, Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte, Kerjean, Laurent, Kiely, Aaron B, Hurst, Kenneth J, Hudson, Troy, Horleston, Anna C, Grott, Matthias, Giardini, Domenico, Gaudin, Emilien, Fayon, Lucile, Delage, Pierre, Charalambous, Constantinos, Brinkman, Nienke, Banerdt, William Bruce, and Kedar, Sharon

Abstract

UNKNOWN

Published
2019

14. How seismometers tilt in response to atmospheric pressure variations: the case of the Hunga Tonga Lamb wave

Author

Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf and Zürn, Walter

Abstract

The Hunga-Tonga eruption excited atmospheric Lamb waves that circled the globe multiple times and were recorded by barometers and broad-band seismometers of the Global Seismic Network (GSN). Their dominant period was 45 minutes with typical amplitudes of 2-3 hPa. Based on our previous work we expect that the response of horizontal seismometers at these periods is dominated by tilts due to two distinct physical mechanisms, LDT and TWT: local tilt due to warping of the seismic vault floor (LDT) in response to atmospheric pressure variations and a regional tilt (TWT) due to a lateral pressure gradient along the surface.We have inspected all the GSN recordings of the Hunga Tonga Lamb wave and only retained 21 stations with clean baro- and seismograms. We find that for any three component sensor the tilt due to vault deformation points in a fixed, sensor specific direction independent of the propagation direction of the Lamb wave. Furthermore we find that LDT is larger than TWT at 80% of retained GSN stations. While accelerations can be well modelled in most cases, pressure gradient induced ground tilts point towards Hunga Tonga for only 7 stations. Curently we lack any model which would allow us to explain the observed TWT tilt directions for the remaining 14 stations as we do not think that deformations of the Lamb wave front due to wind or atmospheric temperature variations can account for the observed tilt misalignments., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023

15. The mechanical properties of the Martian soil at the InSight landing site

Author

Delage, P., Marteau, E., Vrettos, C., Golombek, M., Asan-Mangold, V., Banerdt, B., Grott, Matthias, Hurst, K., Lognonne, P., Murdoch, N., Piqueux, S., Schmelzbach, C., Spohn, Tilman, Warner, N., Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Brinkmann, Nienke, Caicedo-Hormaza, B., Castillo-Betancourt, J.P, Edme, P., Kedar, S., Lange, L., Lemmon, M., Mueller, N., Onodera, K, Robertsson, J., Solberger, D., Stähler, S., Verdier, N, and Williams, N.R.

Subjects
InSight Mars Regolith Mechanische Bodeneigenschaften
Published
2022

19. Les propriétés mécaniques du sol martien sur le site de la mission InSight

Author

Delage, Pierre, Marteau, E, Vrettos, C, Golombek, M, Ansan, V, Banerdt, W, Grott, M, Hurst, Kenneth, Lognonné, P, Murdoch, N, Piqueux, S, Schmelzbach, Cédric, Spohn, T, Warner, N, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Brinkman, Nienke, Caicedo, Bernardo, Castillo Betancourt, Juan-Pablo, P., Edme, Kedar, Sharon, Lange, L, Lemmon, Mark, Mueller, N, Onodera, Keisuke, Robertsson, J., Stähler, Simon, Nicolas, Verdier, Williams, R., and Delage, Pierre

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.GCIV.GEOTECH] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Géotechnique, [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Published
2022

20. Anatomy of Continuous Mars SEIS and Pressure Data from Unsupervised Learning

Author

Barkaoui, Salma, primary, Lognonné, Philippe, additional, Kawamura, Taichi, additional, Stutzmann, Éléonore, additional, Seydoux, Léonard, additional, de Hoop, Maarten V., additional, Balestriero, Randall, additional, Scholz, John-Robert, additional, Sainton, Grégory, additional, Plasman, Matthieu, additional, Ceylan, Savas, additional, Clinton, John, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Civilini, Francesco, additional, and Banerdt, W. Bruce, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Upper mantle structure of Mars from InSight seismic data

Author

Khan, Amir, primary, Ceylan, Savas, additional, van Driel, Martin, additional, Giardini, Domenico, additional, Lognonné, Philippe, additional, Samuel, Henri, additional, Schmerr, Nicholas C., additional, Stähler, Simon C., additional, Duran, Andrea C., additional, Huang, Quancheng, additional, Kim, Doyeon, additional, Broquet, Adrien, additional, Charalambous, Constantinos, additional, Clinton, John F., additional, Davis, Paul M., additional, Drilleau, Mélanie, additional, Karakostas, Foivos, additional, Lekic, Vedran, additional, McLennan, Scott M., additional, Maguire, Ross R., additional, Michaut, Chloé, additional, Panning, Mark P., additional, Pike, William T., additional, Pinot, Baptiste, additional, Plasman, Matthieu, additional, Scholz, John-Robert, additional, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Spohn, Tilman, additional, Smrekar, Suzanne E., additional, and Banerdt, William B., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. InSight seismic data from Mars: Effect and treatment of transient data disturbances

Author

Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Scholz, J. R., Davis, Paul, Lognonné, P., Pinot, Baptiste, García, Raphael, Hurst, K., Pou, Laurent, Nimmo, F., Barkaoui, Salma, De Raucourt, Sebastien, Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Knapmeyer, M., Orhand-Mainsant, Guenolé, Compaire, Nicolas, Cuvier, Arthur, Beucler, E., Bonnin, Mickaël J. A., Joshi, Rakshit, Sainton, G., Stutzmann, E., Schimmel, Martin, Horleston, Anna C., Böse, M., Ceylan, S., Clinton, John F., van Driel, M., Kawamura, T., Khan, A., Staehler, Simon C., Giardini, Domenico, Charalambous, C., Stott, Alexander, Pike, William T., Christensen, U., and Banerdt, William B.

Subjects
Seismicity, Mars
Abstract

The instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with the two co-located seismometers VBB and SP is installed on the surface of Mars as part of NASA's InSight mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is deployed in a very harsh wind and temperature environment that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. The daily atmospheric temperature variations of approx. 80K are attenuated by different insulation layers to approx. 15K peak-to-peak at the sensor level. Typical wind speeds vary between 0 and 5 m/s leading to a diurnal variation in the broad-band rms noise level by two orders of magnitude. One ubiquitous artifact in the raw broad-band data is an abundance of one-sided, transient pulses often accompanied by high-frequency spikes. We show that these pulses, which we term "glitches", can be modeled as the response of the instrument to a step in acceleration, while the spikes can be modeled as the response to a simultaneous step in displacement. We attribute the glitches primarily to intermittent stress relaxation events internal to SEIS caused by the large diurnal temperature variations to which the instrument is exposed during a Martian sol. Only a small fraction of glitches correspond to a motion of the SEIS package as a whole caused by minuscule tilts of the instrument. Whilst such kind of data disturbances are typically discarded when occurring in terrestrial data, this is no option for the data returned from the Red Planet. We therefore do not only demonstrate their effects on the seismic data and analyze their origins, but also propose algorithms that are able to detect and remove many of these (mostly) non-seismic signals. We further published our codes (both Python and MATLAB) so that interested researchers can make their own choices on how to treat the data and to which extent.

Published
2020

23. Potential Pitfalls in the Analysis and Structural Interpretation of Seismic Data from the Mars InSight Mission

Author

German Centre for Air and Space Travel, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Schimmel, Martin [0000-0003-2601-4462], Kim, Doyeon, Davis, Paul, Lekic, Vedran, Maguire, Ross, Compaire, Nicolas, Schimmel, Martin, Stutzmann, E., Irving, Jessica C. E., Lognonné, P., Scholz, J. R., Clinton, John F., Zenhäusern, G., Deng, Sizhuang, Levander, A., Panning, Mark P., Garcia, Raphael F., Giardini, Domenico, Hurst, K., Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Nimmo, F., Pike, William T., Pou, Laurent, Schmerr, N., Stahler, S. C., Tauzin, Benoit, Widmer‐Schnidrig, Rudolf, Banerdt, William B., German Centre for Air and Space Travel, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Schimmel, Martin [0000-0003-2601-4462], Kim, Doyeon, Davis, Paul, Lekic, Vedran, Maguire, Ross, Compaire, Nicolas, Schimmel, Martin, Stutzmann, E., Irving, Jessica C. E., Lognonné, P., Scholz, J. R., Clinton, John F., Zenhäusern, G., Deng, Sizhuang, Levander, A., Panning, Mark P., Garcia, Raphael F., Giardini, Domenico, Hurst, K., Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Nimmo, F., Pike, William T., Pou, Laurent, Schmerr, N., Stahler, S. C., Tauzin, Benoit, Widmer‐Schnidrig, Rudolf, and Banerdt, William B.

Abstract

The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) of the InSight mission to Mars has been providing direct information on Martian interior structure and dynamics of that planet since it landed. Compared with seismic recordings on the Earth, ground‐motion measurements acquired by SEIS on Mars are not only made under dramatically different ambient noise conditions, but also include idiosyncratic signals that arise from coupling between different InSight sensors and spacecraft components. This work is to synthesize what is known about these signal types, illustrate how they can manifest in waveforms and noise correlations, and present pitfalls in structural interpretations based on standard seismic analysis methods. We show that glitches (a type of prominent transient signal) can produce artifacts in ambient noise correlations. Sustained signals that vary in frequency, such as lander modes that are affected by variations in temperature and wind conditions over the course of the Martian sol, can also contaminate ambient noise results. Therefore, both types of signals have the potential to bias interpretation in terms of subsurface layering. We illustrate that signal processing in the presence of identified nonseismic signals must be informed by an understanding of the underlying physical processes in order for high‐fidelity waveforms of ground motion to be extracted. Whereas the origins of the most idiosyncratic signals are well understood, the 2.4 Hz resonance remains debated, and the literature does not contain an explanation of its fine spectral structure. Even though the selection of idiosyncratic signal types discussed in this article may not be exhaustive, we provide guidance on the best practices for enhancing the robustness of structural interpretations.

Published
2021

25. Joint inversion of receiver functions and apparent incidence angles to investigate the crustal structure of Mars

Author

Joshi, Rakshit, primary, Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte, additional, Mosegaard, Klaus, additional, Bissig, Felix, additional, Khan, Amir, additional, Panning, Mark, additional, Staehler, Simon, additional, Tauzin, Benoit, additional, Lekic, Vedran, additional, Scholz, John-Robert, additional, Davis, Paul, additional, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Garcia, Raphael, additional, Pinot, Baptiste, additional, Lognonné, Philippe, additional, and Christensen, Ulrich, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars

Author

Scholz, John‐Robert, primary, Widmer‐Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Davis, Paul, additional, Lognonné, Philippe, additional, Pinot, Baptiste, additional, Garcia, Raphaël F., additional, Hurst, Kenneth, additional, Pou, Laurent, additional, Nimmo, Francis, additional, Barkaoui, Salma, additional, de Raucourt, Sébastien, additional, Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, additional, Knapmeyer, Martin, additional, Orhand‐Mainsant, Guénolé, additional, Compaire, Nicolas, additional, Cuvier, Arthur, additional, Beucler, Éric, additional, Bonnin, Mickaël, additional, Joshi, Rakshit, additional, Sainton, Grégory, additional, Stutzmann, Eléonore, additional, Schimmel, Martin, additional, Horleston, Anna, additional, Böse, Maren, additional, Ceylan, Savas, additional, Clinton, John, additional, van Driel, Martin, additional, Kawamura, Taichi, additional, Khan, Amir, additional, Stähler, Simon C., additional, Giardini, Domenico, additional, Charalambous, Constantinos, additional, Stott, Alexander E., additional, Pike, William T., additional, Christensen, Ulrich R., additional, and Banerdt, W. Bruce, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Detection, analysis and removal of glitches from InSight's seismic data from Mars

Author

Scholz, John-Robert, primary, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Davis, Paul, additional, Lognonné, Philippe, additional, Pinot, Baptiste, additional, Garcia, Raphaël F, additional, Hurst, Kenneth, additional, Pou, Laurent, additional, Nimmo, Francis, additional, Barkaoui, Salma, additional, De Raucourt, Sébastien, additional, Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte, additional, Knapmeyer, Martin, additional, Mainsant, Guénolé, additional, Compaire, Nicolas, additional, Cuvier, Arthur, additional, Beucler, Eric, additional, Bonnin, Mickaël, additional, Joshi, Rakshit, additional, Sainton, Grégory, additional, Stutzmann, Eléonore, additional, Schimmel, Martin, additional, Horleston, Anna, additional, Böse, Maren, additional, Ceylan, Savas, additional, Clinton, John, additional, Van Driel, Martin, additional, Kawamura, Taichi, additional, Khan, Amir, additional, Stähler, Simon C, additional, Giardini, Domenico, additional, Charalambous, Constantinos, additional, Stott, Alexander E, additional, Pike, William T, additional, Christensen, Ulrich R, additional, and Bruce Banerdt, W, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Detection, analysis and removal of glitches from InSight's 1 seismic data from Mars

Author

Scholz, John-Robert, primary, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Davis, Paul, additional, Lognonné, Philippe, additional, Pinot, Baptiste, additional, Garcia, Raphaël F, additional, Nimmo, Francis, additional, Hurst, Kenneth, additional, Barkaoui, Salma, additional, De Raucourt, Sébastien, additional, Pou, Laurent, additional, Mainsant, Guénolé, additional, Compaire, Nicolas, additional, Cuvier, Arthur, additional, Beucler, Eric, additional, Bonnin, Mickaël, additional, Joshi, Rakshit, additional, Stutzmann, Eléonore, additional, Schimmel, Martin, additional, Horleston, Anna, additional, Böse, Maren, additional, Ceylan, Savas, additional, Clinton, John, additional, Van Driel, Martin, additional, Kawamura, Taichi, additional, Khan, Amir, additional, Stähler, Simon C, additional, Giardini, Domenico, additional, Charalambous, Constantinos, additional, Stott, Alexander E, additional, Pike, William T, additional, Christensen, Ulrich R, additional, and Bruce Banerdt, W, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Geophysical observations of Phobos transits by InSight

Author

Stähler, Simon C., primary, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Scholz, John-Robert, additional, van Driel, Martin, additional, Mittelholz, Anna Magdalena, additional, Hurst, Kenneth, additional, Johnson, Catherine L., additional, Lemmon, Mark T, additional, Lorenz, Ralph D., additional, Lognonné, Philippe Henri, additional, Mueller, Nils T, additional, Pou, Laurent, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Banfield, Donald, additional, Ceylan, Savas, additional, Charalambous, Constantinos, additional, Giardini, Domenico, additional, Nimmo, Francis, additional, Panning, Mark Paul, additional, Zürn, Walter, additional, and Banerdt, William Bruce, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Pressure effects on SEIS-INSIGHT instrument, improvement of seismic records and characterization of gravity waves from ground displacements

Author

Garcia, Raphael François, primary, Kenda, Balthasar, additional, Drilleau, Melanie, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Kawamura, Taichi, additional, Lognonné, Philippe Henri, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Compaire, Nicolas, additional, Banfield, Donald, additional, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Orhand-Mainsant, Guenole, additional, and Banerdt, Williams Bruce, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. SEIS first year: nm/s^2 (and less) broadband seismology on Mars and first steps in Mars-Earth-Moon comparative seismology. (Invited)

Author

Lognonné, P., Banerdt, William B., Pike, William T., Giardini, Domenico, Banfield, D., Christensen, U., Beucler, E., Bierwirth, Marco, Calcutt, Simon B., Daubar, I., Clinton, John F., Kedar, S., Gabsi, T., Garcia, Raphael G., Hurst, K., Kawamura, T., Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Margerin, Ludovic, Mimoun, D., Nimmo, F., Panning, Mark P., De Raucourt, Sebastien, Schmerr, Nicholas C., Smrekar, Suzanne, Spiga, A., Teanby, Nicholas A., Weber, R. C., Wieczorek, M., Zweifel, Peter, Yana, C., Barkaoui, Salma, Brinkman, N., Ceylan, S., Conejero, Vicente, Compaire, Nicolas, Charalambous, C., Davis, Paul, van Driel, M., Drilleau, M., Fayon, Lucile, Kenda, B., Mance, Davor, McClean, John, Murdoch, N., Nebut, Tanguy, Pardo, Constanza, Pinot, Baptiste, Pou, Laurent, Perrin, C., Sainton, G., Sollberger, David, Scholz, J. R., Staehler, Simon C., Roberts, Oliver, Schmelzbach, C., Stott, A., Schimmel, Martin, Stutzmann, E., Tillier, Sylvain, Verdier, Nicolas, Warren, T., Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Böse, M., Euchner, F., Horleston, Anna C., Khan, A., Orhand-Mainsant, Guenolé, Barrett, E., Gaudin, E., Kerjean, Laurent, Julien, Agnès, Nonon, M., Llorca-Cejudo, R., Laudet, Philippe, Maki, Justin, Mouret, Jean-Marie, Pont, Gabriel, Meunier, Frederic A., Rochas, Ludovic, de Larclause, Isabel Savin, Sylvestre-Baron, Annick, Trebi-Ollenu, Ashitey, Valladeau, J., Delage, P., Jacob, A., Calvet, Marie, Grotte, M., Rodríguez-Manfredi, José Antonio, Lekic, Vedran, Menina, Sabrina, Robertsson, John O.A., Spohn, Tilman, Tauzin, Benoit, Tharimena, S., and Pierick, Jen Ten

Abstract

AGU Fall Meeting 2019 in San Francisco , 9-13 December 2019, EIS/InSIght team, InSight is the first planetary mission with a seismometer package, SEIS, since the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package. SEIS is complimented by APSS, which has as a goal to document the atmospheric source of seismic noise and signals. Since June 2019, SEIS has been delivering 6 axis 20 sps continuous seismic data, a rate one order of magnitude larger originally planned. More than 50 events have been detected by the end of July 2019 but only three have amplitudes significantly above the SEIS instrument requirement. Two have clear and coherent arrivals of P and S waves, enabling location, diffusion/attenuation characterization and receiver function analysis. The event¿s magnitudes are likely ¿ 3 and no clear surface waves nor deep interior phases have been identified. This suggests deep events with scattering along their final propagation paths and with large propagation differences as compared to Earth and Moon quakes. Most of the event¿s detections are made possible due to the very low noise achieved by the instrument installation strategy and the very low VBB self-noise. Most of the SEIS signals have amplitudes of spectral densities in the 0.03-5Hz frequency bandwidth ranging from 10-10 m/s2/Hz1/2 to 5 10-9 m/s2/Hz1/2. The smallest noise levels occurs during the early night, with angstrom displacements or nano-radian tilts. This monitors the elastic and seismic interaction of a planetary surface with its atmosphere, illustrated not only by a wide range of SEIS signals correlated with pressure vortexes, dust devils or wind activity but also by modulation of resonances above 1 Hz, amplified by ultra-low velocity surface layers. After about one half of a Martian year, clear seasonal changes appear also in the noise, which will be discussed. One year after landing, the seismic noise is therefore better and better understood, and noise correction techniques begun to be implemented, either thanks to the APSS wind and pressure sensors, or by SEIS only data processing techniques. These data processing techniques open not only the possibility of better signal to noise ratio of the events, but are also used for various noise auto-correlation techniques as well as searches of long period signals. Noise and seismic signals on Mars are therefore completely different from what seismology encountered previously on Earth and Moon.

Published
2019

32. Characterization of the InSight Landing Site near Surface Properties using the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Probe (HP3) mole as a Seismic Source

Author

Kedar, S., Banerdt, W.B., Brinkmann, Nienke, Charalambous, C., Delage, P., Fayon, L., Gaudin, E., Giardini, D., Grott, Matthias, Horleston, A., Hudson, T.L., Hurst, K., Kiely, A., Kerjean, L, Knapmeyer-Endrun, B., Krasner, S., Krause, Christian, Lognonne, P., McLean, J., Nonon, M., Pike, T., Robertsson, J., Schmelzbach, C., Schmerr, N., Stott, A.E., Spohn, Tilman, Sollberger, D., Stähler, S., Teanby, N., Vallade, J., van Driel, M, Verdier, N, Vrettos, C., Warren, T., Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, and Yana, Charles

Subjects
InSight Mars Geophysics HP3
Published
2019

33. Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars

Author

Scholz, John-Robert, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Davis, Paul, Lognonne, Philippe, Pinot, Baptiste, Garcia, Raphael F., Hurst, Kenneth, Pou, Laurent, Nimmo, Francis, Barkaoui, Salma, De Raucourt, Sebastien, Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte, Knapmeyer, Martin, Orhand-Mainsant, Guenole, Compaire, Nicolas, Cuvier, Arthur, Beucler, Eric, Bonnin, Mickael, Joshi, Rakshit, Sainton, Gregory, Stutzmann, Eleonore, Schimmel, Martin, Horleston, Anna, Bose, Maren, Ceylan, Savas, Clinton, John, Van Driel, Martin, Kawamura, Taichi, Khan, Amir, Stahler, Simon C., Giardini, Domenico, Charalambous, Constantinos, Stott, Alexander E., Pike, William T., Christensen, Ulrich R., Banerdt, W. Bruce, Scholz, John-Robert, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Davis, Paul, Lognonne, Philippe, Pinot, Baptiste, Garcia, Raphael F., Hurst, Kenneth, Pou, Laurent, Nimmo, Francis, Barkaoui, Salma, De Raucourt, Sebastien, Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte, Knapmeyer, Martin, Orhand-Mainsant, Guenole, Compaire, Nicolas, Cuvier, Arthur, Beucler, Eric, Bonnin, Mickael, Joshi, Rakshit, Sainton, Gregory, Stutzmann, Eleonore, Schimmel, Martin, Horleston, Anna, Bose, Maren, Ceylan, Savas, Clinton, John, Van Driel, Martin, Kawamura, Taichi, Khan, Amir, Stahler, Simon C., Giardini, Domenico, Charalambous, Constantinos, Stott, Alexander E., Pike, William T., Christensen, Ulrich R., and Banerdt, W. Bruce

Abstract

The instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with the three very broadband and three short-period seismic sensors is installed on the surface on Mars as part of NASA's InSight Discovery mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is deployed in a very harsh wind and temperature environment that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. One ubiquitous artifact in the raw data is an abundance of transient one-sided pulses often accompanied by high-frequency spikes. These pulses, which we term glitches, can be modeled as the response of the instrument to a step in acceleration, while the spikes can be modeled as the response to a simultaneous step in displacement. We attribute the glitches primarily to SEIS-internal stress relaxations caused by the large temperature variations to which the instrument is exposed during a Martian day. Only a small fraction of glitches correspond to a motion of the SEIS package as a whole caused by minuscule tilts of either the instrument or the ground. In this study, we focus on the analysis of the glitch+spike phenomenon and present how these signals can be automatically detected and removed from SEIS's raw data. As glitches affect many standard seismological analysis methods such as receiver functions, spectral decomposition and source inversions, we anticipate that studies of the Martian seismicity as well as studies of Mars' internal structure should benefit from deglitched seismic data. Plain Language Summary The instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with two fully equipped seismometers is installed on the surface of Mars as part of NASA's InSight Discovery mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is more exposed to wind and daily temperature changes that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. One consequence is the occurrence of a specific type of transient noise that we term glitch. Glitc

Published
2020

34. Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars

Author

Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Swiss Space Office, Schimmel, Martin [0000-0003-2601-4462], Scholz, J. R., Widmer‐Schnidrig, Rudolf, Davis, Paul, Lognonné, P., Pinot, Baptiste, Garcia, Raphael F., Hurst, K., Pou, Laurent, Nimmo, F., Barkaoui, Salma, De Raucourt, Sebastien, Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Knapmeyer, M., Orhand-Mainsant, Guenolé, Compaire, Nicolas, Cuvier, Arthur, Beucler, E., Bonnin, Mickaël, Joshi, Rakshit, Sainton, G., Stutzmann, E., Schimmel, Martin, Horleston, Anna, Böse, M., Ceylan, S., Clinton, John F., van Driel, M., Kawamura, T., Khan, A., Stähler, S. C., Giardini, Domenico, Charalambous, C., Stott, A. E., Pike, William T., Christensen, U., Banerdt, William B., Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Swiss Space Office, Schimmel, Martin [0000-0003-2601-4462], Scholz, J. R., Widmer‐Schnidrig, Rudolf, Davis, Paul, Lognonné, P., Pinot, Baptiste, Garcia, Raphael F., Hurst, K., Pou, Laurent, Nimmo, F., Barkaoui, Salma, De Raucourt, Sebastien, Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Knapmeyer, M., Orhand-Mainsant, Guenolé, Compaire, Nicolas, Cuvier, Arthur, Beucler, E., Bonnin, Mickaël, Joshi, Rakshit, Sainton, G., Stutzmann, E., Schimmel, Martin, Horleston, Anna, Böse, M., Ceylan, S., Clinton, John F., van Driel, M., Kawamura, T., Khan, A., Stähler, S. C., Giardini, Domenico, Charalambous, C., Stott, A. E., Pike, William T., Christensen, U., and Banerdt, William B.

Abstract

The instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with the three very broadband and three short‐period seismic sensors is installed on the surface on Mars as part of NASA's InSight Discovery mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is deployed in a very harsh wind and temperature environment that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. One ubiquitous artifact in the raw data is an abundance of transient one‐sided pulses often accompanied by high‐frequency spikes. These pulses, which we term “glitches”, can be modeled as the response of the instrument to a step in acceleration, while the spikes can be modeled as the response to a simultaneous step in displacement. We attribute the glitches primarily to SEIS‐internal stress relaxations caused by the large temperature variations to which the instrument is exposed during a Martian day. Only a small fraction of glitches correspond to a motion of the SEIS package as a whole caused by minuscule tilts of either the instrument or the ground. In this study, we focus on the analysis of the glitch+spike phenomenon and present how these signals can be automatically detected and removed from SEIS's raw data. As glitches affect many standard seismological analysis methods such as receiver functions, spectral decomposition and source inversions, we anticipate that studies of the Martian seismicity as well as studies of Mars' internal structure should benefit from deglitched seismic data.

Published
2020

37. Atmospheric Science with InSight

Author

Spiga, Aymeric, primary, Banfield, Don, additional, Teanby, Nicholas A., additional, Forget, François, additional, Lucas, Antoine, additional, Kenda, Balthasar, additional, Rodriguez Manfredi, Jose Antonio, additional, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Lemmon, Mark T., additional, Garcia, Raphaël F., additional, Martire, Léo, additional, Karatekin, Özgür, additional, Le Maistre, Sébastien, additional, Van Hove, Bart, additional, Dehant, Véronique, additional, Lognonné, Philippe, additional, Mueller, Nils, additional, Lorenz, Ralph, additional, Mimoun, David, additional, Rodriguez, Sébastien, additional, Beucler, Éric, additional, Daubar, Ingrid, additional, Golombek, Matthew P., additional, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Nishikawa, Yasuhiro, additional, Millour, Ehouarn, additional, Rolland, Lucie, additional, Brissaud, Quentin, additional, Kawamura, Taichi, additional, Mocquet, Antoine, additional, Martin, Roland, additional, Clinton, John, additional, Stutzmann, Éléonore, additional, Spohn, Tilman, additional, Smrekar, Suzanne, additional, and Banerdt, William B., additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Merging fluxgate and induction coil data to produce low-noise geomagnetic observatory data meeting the INTERMAGNET definitive 1 s data standard

Author

Brunke, Heinz-Peter, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, and Korte, Monika

Subjects
lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, lcsh:QC801-809
Abstract

For frequencies above 30 mHz the instrument intrinsic noise level of typical fluxgate magnetometers used at geomagnetic observatories usually masks ambient magnetic field variations on magnetically quiet days. This is especially true for stations located at middle and low latitudes, where variations are generally smaller than at high latitudes. INTERMAGNET has set a minimum quality standard for definitive 1 s data. Natural field variations referred to as pulsations (Pc-1, Pc-2, Pi-1) fall in this band. Usually their intensity is so small that they rarely surpass the instrumental noise of fluxgate magnetometers. Moreover, high-quality magnetic field observations in the band 30 mHz–0.5 Hz contain interesting information, e.g., for the study of ionospheric electron interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron plasma waves. We propose a method to improve 1 Hz observatory data by merging data from the proven and tested fluxgate magnetometers currently in use with induction coil magnetometers into a single data stream. We show how measurements of both instruments can be combined without information loss or phase distortion. The result is a time series of the magnetic field vector components, combining the benefits of both instruments: long-term stability (fluxgate) and low noise at high frequencies (induction coil). This new data stream fits perfectly into the data management procedures of INTERMAGNET and meets the requirements defined in the definitive 1 s data standard. We describe the applied algorithm and validate the result by comparing power spectra of the fluxgate magnetometer output with the merged signal. Daily spectrograms from the Niemegk observatory show that the resulting data series reveal information at frequencies above 30 mHz that cannot be seen in raw fluxgate data.

Published
2017

46. Performance of an Optical Seismometer from 1 µHz to 10 Hz.

Author

Berger, Jonathan, Davis, Peter, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, and Zumberge, Mark

Subjects
SEISMOMETERS, INERTIAL mass, GRAVIMETERS (Geophysical instruments), DIGITAL signal processing, BANDWIDTHS
Abstract

We compare the performance of four different instruments that measure the vertical component of motion of an inertial mass--an STS 1 seismometer, an STS2 seismometer, a superconducting gravity meter, and an optical seismometer--operating inside the mine at the Black Forest Observatory near Schiltach in southwest Germany. Simultaneous, collocated operation of these sensors offers an opportunity to test the calibration, response, and performance of each instrument. We estimate noise floors from the tidal bands to 10 Hz. We note small nonlinearities in the suspension of the STS1, which are normally suppressed by analog signal processing and feedback or, in the optical version, by digital signal processing alone. The results demonstrate that the optical seismometer utilizing an STS 1 suspension can provide observatory-quality data over a bandwidth from tidal frequencies to at least 10 Hz and over a large dynamic range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight

Author

Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphael F., Logonne, Philippe, Karatekin, Ozgur, Perrin, Clement, Martire, Leo, Teanby, Nicholas, Van Hove, Bart, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sebastian, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouran, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Maattanen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen, Clinton, John, Stahler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Eric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Veronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., Banerdt, W. Bruce, Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphael F., Logonne, Philippe, Karatekin, Ozgur, Perrin, Clement, Martire, Leo, Teanby, Nicholas, Van Hove, Bart, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sebastian, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouran, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Maattanen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen, Clinton, John, Stahler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Eric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Veronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., and Banerdt, W. Bruce

Abstract

The atmosphere of Mars is thin, although rich in dust aerosols, and covers a dry surface. As such, Mars provides an opportunity to expand our knowledge of atmospheres beyond that attainable from the atmosphere of the Earth. The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander is measuring Mars’s atmosphere with unprecedented continu- ity, accuracy and sampling frequency. Here we show that InSight unveils new atmospheric phenomena at Mars, especially in the higher-frequency range, and extends our understanding of Mars’s meteorology at all scales. InSight is uniquely sensitive to large- scale and regional weather and obtained detailed in situ coverage of a regional dust storm on Mars. Images have enabled high- altitude wind speeds to be measured and revealed airglow—faint emissions produced by photochemical reactions—in the middle atmosphere. InSight observations show a paradox of aeolian science on Mars: despite having the largest recorded Martian vortex activity and dust-devil tracks close to the lander, no visible dust devils have been seen. Meteorological measurements have pro- duced a catalogue of atmospheric gravity waves, which included bores (soliton-like waves). From these measurements, we have discovered Martian infrasound and unexpected similarities between atmospheric turbulence on Earth and Mars. We suggest that the observations of Mars’s atmosphere by InSight will be key for prediction capabilities and future exploration.

48. The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight

Author

Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphael F., Logonne, Philippe, Karatekin, Ozgur, Perrin, Clement, Martire, Leo, Teanby, Nicholas, Van Hove, Bart, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sebastian, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouran, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Maattanen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen, Clinton, John, Stahler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Eric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Veronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., Banerdt, W. Bruce, Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphael F., Logonne, Philippe, Karatekin, Ozgur, Perrin, Clement, Martire, Leo, Teanby, Nicholas, Van Hove, Bart, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sebastian, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouran, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Maattanen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen, Clinton, John, Stahler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Eric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Veronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., and Banerdt, W. Bruce

Abstract

The atmosphere of Mars is thin, although rich in dust aerosols, and covers a dry surface. As such, Mars provides an opportunity to expand our knowledge of atmospheres beyond that attainable from the atmosphere of the Earth. The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander is measuring Mars’s atmosphere with unprecedented continu- ity, accuracy and sampling frequency. Here we show that InSight unveils new atmospheric phenomena at Mars, especially in the higher-frequency range, and extends our understanding of Mars’s meteorology at all scales. InSight is uniquely sensitive to large- scale and regional weather and obtained detailed in situ coverage of a regional dust storm on Mars. Images have enabled high- altitude wind speeds to be measured and revealed airglow—faint emissions produced by photochemical reactions—in the middle atmosphere. InSight observations show a paradox of aeolian science on Mars: despite having the largest recorded Martian vortex activity and dust-devil tracks close to the lander, no visible dust devils have been seen. Meteorological measurements have pro- duced a catalogue of atmospheric gravity waves, which included bores (soliton-like waves). From these measurements, we have discovered Martian infrasound and unexpected similarities between atmospheric turbulence on Earth and Mars. We suggest that the observations of Mars’s atmosphere by InSight will be key for prediction capabilities and future exploration.

50. Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars

Author

L. Pou, Martin Knapmeyer, S. Barkaoui, Taichi Kawamura, Eric Beucler, Amir Khan, Baptiste Pinot, Bruce Banerdt, Rakshit Joshi, Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun, John Clinton, Raphaël F. Garcia, Mickael Bonnin, Arthur Cuvier, Grégory Sainton, Constantinos Charalambous, Savas Ceylan, Sebastien de Raucourt, Eléonore Stutzmann, Simon Stähler, John-Robert Scholz, Paul M. Davis, Anna Horleston, Guenolé Orhand-Mainsant, Nicolas Compaire, Francis Nimmo, Ulrich R. Christensen, Martin van Driel, Domenico Giardini, William T. Pike, Martin Schimmel, Maren Böse, Alexander E. Stott, K. Hurst, Rudolf Widmer-Schnidrig, Philippe Lognonné, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Swiss Space Office, Schimmel, Martin [0000-0003-2601-4462], Schimmel, Martin, Widmer‐Schnidrig, Rudolf, 2 Black Forest Observatory, Institute of Geodesy Stuttgart University Stuttgart Germany, Davis, Paul, 3 Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA, Lognonné, Philippe, 4 Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS Paris France, Pinot, Baptiste, 5 Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace SUPAERO Toulouse France, Garcia, Raphaël F., Hurst, Kenneth, 6 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA, Pou, Laurent, 7 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA, Nimmo, Francis, Barkaoui, Salma, de Raucourt, Sébastien, Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, 8 Bensberg Observatory University of Cologne Bergisch Gladbach Germany, Knapmeyer, Martin, 9 DLR Institute of Planetary Research Berlin Germany, Orhand‐Mainsant, Guénolé, Compaire, Nicolas, Cuvier, Arthur, 10 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers Nantes France, Beucler, Éric, Bonnin, Mickaël, Joshi, Rakshit, 1 Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen Germany, Sainton, Grégory, Stutzmann, Eléonore, 11 Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera ‐ CSIC Barcelona Spain, Horleston, Anna, 12 School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK, Böse, Maren, 13 Swiss Seismological Service (SED) ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland, Ceylan, Savas, 14 Institute of Geophysics ETH Zürich Zurich Switzerland, Clinton, John, van Driel, Martin, Kawamura, Taichi, Khan, Amir, Stähler, Simon C., Giardini, Domenico, Charalambous, Constantinos, 16 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK, Stott, Alexander E., Pike, William T., Christensen, Ulrich R., Banerdt, W. Bruce, and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE)

Subjects
Seismometer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Astronomy, glitches, seismometer, Mars, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Glitches, lcsh:QB1-991, Autre, Broadband, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, InSight, Data processing, removal, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Mars Exploration Program, lcsh:Geology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, InSight Mars Seismogramme Datenbearbeitung, Mars seismology, Removal, Geology, Seismology, data processing
Abstract

The instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with the three very broadband and three short‐period seismic sensors is installed on the surface on Mars as part of NASA's InSight Discovery mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is deployed in a very harsh wind and temperature environment that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. One ubiquitous artifact in the raw data is an abundance of transient one‐sided pulses often accompanied by high‐frequency spikes. These pulses, which we term “glitches”, can be modeled as the response of the instrument to a step in acceleration, while the spikes can be modeled as the response to a simultaneous step in displacement. We attribute the glitches primarily to SEIS‐internal stress relaxations caused by the large temperature variations to which the instrument is exposed during a Martian day. Only a small fraction of glitches correspond to a motion of the SEIS package as a whole caused by minuscule tilts of either the instrument or the ground. In this study, we focus on the analysis of the glitch+spike phenomenon and present how these signals can be automatically detected and removed from SEIS's raw data. As glitches affect many standard seismological analysis methods such as receiver functions, spectral decomposition and source inversions, we anticipate that studies of the Martian seismicity as well as studies of Mars' internal structure should benefit from deglitched seismic data., Plain Language Summary: The instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with two fully equipped seismometers is installed on the surface of Mars as part of NASA's InSight Discovery mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is more exposed to wind and daily temperature changes that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. One consequence is the occurrence of a specific type of transient noise that we term “glitch”. Glitches show up in the recorded data as one‐sided pulses and have strong implications for the typical seismic data analysis. Glitches can be understood as step‐like changes in the acceleration sensed by the seismometers. We attribute them primarily to SEIS‐internal stress relaxations caused by the large temperature variations to which the instrument is exposed during a Martian day. Only a small fraction of glitches correspond to a motion of the whole SEIS instrument. In this study, we focus on the detection and removal of glitches and anticipate that studies of the Martian seismicity as well as studies of Mars's internal structure should benefit from deglitched seismic data., Key Points: Glitches due to steps in acceleration significantly complicate seismic records on Mars. Glitches are mostly due to relaxations of thermal stresses and instrument tilt. We provide a toolbox to automatically detect and remove glitches., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), InSight PSP Program, Agence Nationale de la Recherche http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665, ANR‐19‐CE31‐0008‐08

Published
2020

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results