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It is important for companies to pay attention to the value of co-creation in order to encourage innovation and the development of new products where the source of ideas for innovation and new products comes from consumers. Participation in value co-creation is voluntary and depends on the consumer’s willingness to be involved, so there needs to be motivation within the consumer to carry out value co-creation. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the consumer’s personality which can encourage co-creation.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology integrated into the Internet of things (IoT) networks often poses security and privacy concerns due to its attack vulnerability. This research proposed a lightweight cryptographic model tailored for implementation in resource-constrained environments. The objective is to address security challenges while accommodating limited memory, power, and size requirements. A combined modified 126-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with a 256-bit elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) cryptographic key was utilized to develop lightweight cryptography for securing RFID data. The implementation used the Python programming language in Jupyter Notebook, with RFID operating at 13.56 Mhz. The methodology involved retrieving RFID data through additional programs and equalizing ECDH keys for encryption and decryption. Encryption and decryption testing demonstrated a high success rate, achieving an accuracy of 99.9%. The first encryption attempt required 85.125 ms, with the second attempt completed faster at 65.95 ms, showcasing improved efficiency. File encryption sizes averaged 29.875 bytes for the initial attempt and 30.1 bytes for the subsequent one. This research was limited to algorithm evaluation and had not been implemented in hardware. However, the proposed hybrid cryptography offers significant benefits for maintaining the confidentiality of RFID data within IoT environments. Rapid, efficient, and compact encryption of unique identifier (UID) data ensures enhanced security, thereby addressing critical concerns associated with RFID-enabled IoT networks.

A series of bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) photocatalysts had been successfully synthesized by doping nickel (Ni) into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) for enhanced photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). Optical characterization revealed that the Ni-ZIF-8 composites possessed a narrower bandgap and lower recombination rate of charge carriers than pristine ZIF-8. The Ni(20)-ZIF-8 composite showed the highest MB photodegradation efficiency of up to 93.22 % in 150 min, with the use of 30 mg photocatalyst, 50 mL of 30 mg/L MB solution, and a neutral pH. The scavenger test clearly proved that h+ and •OH were the main active species.

This study aims to determine students' responses to the use of GeoGebra in spatial geometry courses and to determine the difference in significant improvement between the spatial mathematical ability of students taught using GeoGebra and those of students taught conventionally. The design of this study is counterbalanced. The research population is all Mathematics Tadris UIN Siber Syekh Nurjati Cirebon students who take the spatial geometry course in the odd semester of the 2024/2025 Academic Year, which consists of 3 classes: A, B, and C. For the research sample, two classes were selected from the research population, class A was selected as experimental class 1, consisting of 25 students, and class B as experimental class 2, consisting of 28 students. The sample was selected using a cluster random sampling technique. The research instruments are questionnaires and tests. Data analysis was carried out on the average results of students' spatial mathematical ability tests in the spatial geometry course. The results of the study showed that most students gave a positive response to the use of GeoGebra in spatial geometry courses, with an average percentage of 93.51%, including the strong category and the increase in the spatial mathematical ability of students who used GeoGebra in the spatial geometry course was significantly higher than the improvement of the spatial ability of students who were taught conventionally.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have been synthesized using Siam oranges (Citrus nobilis Lour.) peel extract as a capping agent with varied concentration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of cubic fluorite crystal structured CeO2NPs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that CeO2NPs were quasi-spherical with sizes ranging from 10 to 40 nm. The most optimum concentration of siam orange peel extract was 10 %. IC50 value of 70.55 mg mL−1 indicates a strong antioxidant activity of sample. Additionally, the antibacterial activity showed that CeO2NPs were highly effective against S.aureus bacteria demonstrating their potential for biomedical applications.

This work reported a successful observation of the synergistic rapid antibacterial activity of the Electrospun PAN/PCL Nanofiber (NF) with Cuprous Oxide -based Quantum Dots (QDs). Our findings reveal that the NF-QDs nanostructure exhibits excellent antibacterial activity that eliminated more than 98% of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in 30 s under visible light. The characterization including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis exhibits good physicochemical properties of both synthesized quantum dots and nanofiber. A desired hydrophobic NF with an average surface roughness of 219.40 nm and 243.46 nm for NF–Cu2O and NF–Cu2O/TiO2 was achieved with an average diameter of 502.54 nm and 343.02 nm, respectively. The antibacterial activity was tested against antibiotics-resistance strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as well as non-resistance strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Our results indicate the promising potential of NF-QDs as antibacterial fabric to halt antibiotic resistance infections and mitigate outbreaks in various sectors.

Air is an important part of life. The Quality of air can be seen from three parameters, namely chemical, physical, and biological parameters. One of the biological parameters of air quality can be seen from the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria. The presence of airborne microorganisms, especially in enclosed spaces can affect human health, one of which can cause respiratory infections. On the other hand, people often use air freshener products. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the potential of air freshener based on siwalan (Borasus flabellifer) coir extract and lemongrass as antibacterial against airborne bacteria. This research is an experimental research with a pre test-post test design. The data obtained is in the form of the value of the Total Plate Count of indoor air bacteria before and after treatment using air freshener based on coir extract of siwalan and lemongrass. The results showed that both formulations (P1 and P2) of air freshener based on coir extract and lemongrass were able to reduce the number of airborne bacterial colonies in the room, with a significance value of 0.000

After tooth extraction, there can be consequences involving injury to the tissue surrounding the extracted tooth, which may lead to severe problems such as inflammation and infection. The wound healing process comprises inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases. Photobiomodulation is a therapy form that utilizes the interaction of a light source with tissue. This interaction can activate an increase in Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), which subsequently triggers a chain reaction leading to the creation of new blood vessels and an increase in the number of fibroblasts. This study used a red laser light source with a power of 3.32 ± 0.01 mW, delivering a dose of 3.5 J to patients for extraction indications. The parameters observed included Interleukin 1_ (IL-1_), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Human Beta defensin 2 (HBD2), and Gingival Index (GI). The results of testing saliva samples using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA) for the parameters IL-1_, PGE2, and HBD2 show a significant influence between the control and therapy groups. Meanwhile, GI revealed a significant influence of therapy on the wound-healing process. Using the Mann-Whitney U test, on day 1, the p-value was found to be 0.32, indicating no significant deference between the control and therapy groups. However, on the third day after the therapy was administered, the p-value was obtained as 0.01, signifying a significant deference between the control and therapy groups. On day 5, a p-value of 0.034 was obtained, signifying a significant deference between the control and therapy groups. Based on the research results, it can be observed that there is a decrease in the values of IL-1_, PGE2, HBD2, and GI. This indicates that local immune cells, including resident macrophages, are activated by pro-inflammatory mediators released in response to injury, and they play an essential role in accelerating wound healing.

This research aims to describe the implementation of the dynamic society-oriented 6C assessment instrument in case method and team-based project learning. This quantitative descriptive research was conducted at the Lampung University and UIN Raden Intan Lampung (RIL), in the course which were implemented case method and/or team-based project learning-chosen by purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique was used validity, reliability, tabulation of questionnaire results, descriptive and inferential statistics. The research results show that the 6C instruments are effective implemented in case method and team-based project learning. It was also found that in the implementation of case method and team-based project learning: i) the critical, creative, computational, and collaborative thinking skills of students at the University of Lampung were higher than the students at UIN RIL; ii) students' self-compassion at UIN RIL is higher than Lampung University; and iii) there are no students which gains high category of collaboration skills.

Augmented Reality is a technology that is commonly used by businesses to market their products. The technology allows customers to test products online in order to deliver a more enjoyable purchasing experience. The study is aimed at investigating the impact of vividness and perceived informativeness, as a characteristic of AR, on brand attitude through perceived enjoyment. There are 204 respondents chosen using purposive sampling technique. They are women who used Augmented Reality when purchasing cosmetics online. The study used a path analysis with the assistance of Amos software. According to the findings, perceived enjoyment can strengthen the influence of vividness and perceived informativeness on brand attitude.

Human face detection is one of the most studied topics in computer vision. The purpose of facial detection is to find out whether or not a face is present in an image. Blur can be caused by many things, such as motion that occurs when the camera takes a picture or the use of a camera that is not focused when taking a picture. For facial recognition, blur becomes difficult to get information about an object, get a description about it, or identify a face in the image. The more blur a picture, the more difficult it is to identify it. This research applies the Viola-Jones relative method for facial detection with a high degree of accuracy and fast computation. This study analyzed the influence of a gaussian blur filter by calculating how much radius an object has been given a gausian blur filter so that it can no longer be identified as an object, and also looking for the minimum PSNR value that is still acceptable in the object detection process. The minimum PSNR value for the image is 16.6 dB, and the minimum PSR value before the face can no longer be detected is 17.84 dB.

Language and culture could not be learned and taught separately. Therefore, a learning material based on culture should be considered for a meaningful instructional process. This study is aimed to develop a culture based textbook for academic purpose using a model of teaching language and culture. This model includes language knowledge, language awareness, culture awareness, and culture experience. The first step (need assessment) concerning the need to develop a culture based textbook was done in the previous study by Zuchdi and Nurhadi (2019), while the level of students language competence and their cultural interest was done in the beginning of this study. This study was the development of an intercultural based textbook through these following procedures: defining objectives, identifying culture topics, developing materials and media of instruction, content layout and graphic design, internal and external review, try out for product validation, and developing final draft. Based on the survey, the majority of respondents were in level 3 and 4 of Indonesian language competence, so this textbook was developed for that levels. The respondents were students taking Indonesian language program in Ahmad Dahlan University in Yogyakarta. The data were collected using pretest-postest and instructor’s reflection, and then analyzed by finding out the difference between the scores category. Almost half of the pretest scores were in the low and medium category, while all of the postest scores were in the high category. Based on the the instructor’s reflection, the students were really involving to study using this textbook. It can be concluded that the culture based Indonesian language textbook for academic purpose is effective for teaching and learning Indonesian as a foreign language.

Teaching materials are significant items that are unique and specific. Therefore, the selections should be relevant to students’ proficiency. This research aimed (1) to disclose lexical density, readability, nominalizations, and modifiers in pedagogical texts as teaching materials, (2) to reveal the linguistic features functional roles on text for pedagogical demand, and (3) to attempt to suggest consideration for simplification on authentic text. This research employed qualitative content analysis. The data sources were 18 pedagogical texts from senior high school textbooks by the Indonesian Ministry of Education. Human instruments and a text analyser for the automatic computation were utilized for the analysis under Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) pilots. This research disclosed the appropriate text lexical density for senior high school students is a fairly difficult construction. Then, nominalizations within the texts are unpreventable and process nominalization is frequently used. The nominalization and the modifiers affect sentence complexities; the nominalizations function to condense information, collocate words, create cohesiveness, interfere with conciseness, and use as trans-categorization while modifiers are to add explicitness to nouns. The simplification considerations are by utilizing lexical density and readability algorithm, de-nominalization, measuring modifiers, and splitting substance of modifiers to increase text accessibility.

Despite the system previously utilizing optimal query configurations and database settings, the transaction table in the database, which is undergoing significant numerical increases and notable queries and updates on each line, has seen a drop in query speeds simultaneous with data growth. This situation arises due to an increase in disk space in the database tablespace, which results from block fragmentation. At times, database engines do not detect this problem, thereby overlooking it in the database recommendation engine. Lacking an understanding of the fundamental issue, database engineers need analysis and strategies to maintain the query speed of the transaction table in the relational database

RFID is often used by companies to identify employees and company assets, as well as in supermarkets to identify goods when shopping. In this increasingly sophisticated era, IoT technology has wide applications. The use of RFID technology in IoT networks may pose vulnerabilities to security and privacy because it contains sensitive information, and RFID data transmitted over communication channels is vulnerable to attacks. IoT technology has characteristics such as high autonomous data capture rate, network connectivity, and interoperability for services and applications. Therefore, this research aims to improve the security of RFID data by taking into account the characteristics of IoT. The method used is hybrid cryptography by combining AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and ECDH (Elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman) keys. AES, as a commonly used symmetric cryptography, is chosen to protect the data, while ECDH, as the latest asymmetric cryptography, is used for a faster and more efficient process compared to previous asymmetric methods. This study utilizes the Python programming language on Jupyter Notebook. The initial step of the study involved scanning the RFID data to be secured and configuring the key on ECDH. The subsequent process included encryption and decryption of the data. The study successfully tested the success of encryption and decryption on RFID UIDs. The test data includes the result display of the hybrid encryption, the encryption and decryption processing time, and the file size of the encryption (ciphertext) and decryption (decodetext). These results show an excellent level of security for RFID UIDs. Only those with a specific key can know the contents of the cipher. It should be noted that this study was only conducted at the program level and was not implemented on hardware. Therefore, the results can be a valuable reference for future research.

This study aims to determine the distribution and relationship between the concentration of cadmium metal (Cd) and total organic matter (TOM) in sediments in the Tallo estuary, Makassar City. The study collected sediment samples from 12 points, distance of 500m between points sampling. Furthermore, 12 sediment samples were analyzed for Cd and TOM concentrations in the laboratory. The results of measurements of Cd metal in sediments showed concentrations ranging from 0.001 - 0.037 mg/kg. The concentration of Cd metal found was still in the low category. While the concentration of TOM in sediment ranges from 6.7 -30.3%, indicating a low concentration. The distribution of Cd and TOM showed that the farther from the estuary, the lower the concentration. Based on the results of the regression test, the relationship between Cd and TOM concentrations was 80.1%. This shows that the accumulation of Cd metal in Tallo River sediments is strongly influenced by the concentration of organic matter.

Penyandang disabilitas adalah anak yang memiliki keterbatasan fisik, mental, intelektual, dan sensorik dalam jangka waktu lama sehingga dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan dan masyarakat menjadi terhambat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi dan melihat gambaran serta hubungan tentang dukungan yang diberikan orang tua dalam membantu untuk perkembangan kemampuan motorik kasar pada anak Cerebral Palsy. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian korelasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Dukungan orang tua diukur menggunakan kuisioner Social Support Questionnaire for Children (SSQC) dan kemampuan motorik kasar anak menggunakan pengukuran GMFCS-E&R (Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Resived). Tidak didapatkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara dukungan orang tua dengan perkembangan motorik kasar pada anak Cerebral Palsy. Dukungan orang tua yang termasuk kategori sangat baik diberikan kepada anak Cerebral Palsy dengan kemampuan motorik kasar yang sudah termasuk kategori berat.

This study aims to examine the factors that affect entrepreneurial awareness and intention in Junior High School students This research used a quantitative approach with PLS-SEM by considering that the model employed unobserved variables and measured using different scale. This research applied convenience sampling and obtained 97 Junior High School students spread across Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (the Greater Jakarta) as the research samples. Furthermore, this research proved that entrepreneurial awareness and self-efficacy significantly affected entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, entrepreneurship education, financial knowledge, and entrepreneurship experience did not significantly affect entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, entrepreneurial awareness was influenced by financial knowledge. The results proved that financial knowledge mediated the effects of financial socialization on entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial awareness. Meanwhile, financial knowledge had some effects on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial awareness. The empirical results emphasized the importance of the role of families and schools in building entrepreneurial awareness and intention.

Di tengah pandemi Covid-19 yang tidak kunjung berakhir dan keterbatasan tenaga medis yang menangani pasien covid-19, keberadaan relawan non-medis menjadi sangat penting bagi masyarakat. Untuk menjadi relawan yang handal, diperlukan berbagai keterampilan dalam menangani pasien covid-19. Keberadaan relawan Muhammadiyah Covid-19 Command Center (MCCC) Kabupaten Sidoarjo telah dirasakan oleh masyarakat di Sidoarjo. Namun, bantuan relawan MCCC hanya terbatas pada antar jemput pasien dan pemulasaran jenazah. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan relawan dalam pertolongan pertama pasien Covid-19, mencakup ketrampilan medis, komunikasi efektif, dan bimbingan ibadah. Sasaran pelatihan adalah relawan MCCC Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan menggunakan metode pelatihan dan simulasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa relawan memiliki ketrampilan dalam pertolongan pertama pasien Covid-19, yang meliputi ketrampilan menolong pasien yang mengalami sesak nafas dengan berbagai teknik proning, ketrampilan memasang alat bantu oksigen, ketrampilan menolong pasien yang mengalami anosmia, ketrampilan dalam membuat disinfektan, ketrampilan dalam berkomunikasi dengan pasien dan keluarganya, serta ketrampilan mendampingi ibadah pasien.

This study aims to reveal the interaction patterns and inhibiting factors for the final project guidance in the Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education Department, Universitas Lampung, to develop the six main parameters of the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework (INQF). The study employed a mixed method involving 67 students who composed the final project for the 2021/2022 academic year selected from 314 final project students using the cluster random sampling technique. The data in this study were primary and secondary data obtained by questionnaires, interviews, and documents, analyzed qualitatively, quantitatively, and descriptively. The closed-response questionnaire was used regarding the interaction pattern, the INQF parameters achievement, and perceptions of the achievement of students' core competencies. An open-response questionnaire regarding the inhibiting factors for the final project guidance was used to provide the qualitative data. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the profile and interaction pattern of the final project guidance, while the qualitative analysis using Miles and Huberman model was to reveal the inhibiting factors of the final project. The results show that: (1) the dominant interaction pattern that occurred was an associative pattern originating from the factors of suggestion, identification, and sympathy; (2) the INQF parameter with the best score is the science parameter with an average parameter achievement of 9.97 from the lowest score 3.00 until the highest score 12.38; and (3) the perception of achieving the highest core competency of students is the aspect of soft skills, both personal and interpersonal, with the highest average perception of achieving core competency being 59.71 out of 80.

Changes in learning format between face-to-face, online, and blended learning impact learning convenience. Based on changes in learning formats, this research aims to reveal and explore information regarding the learning formats that postgraduate students feel is most convenient based on their experiences and conditions. This research used a phenomenological design to obtain comprehensive and in-depth data regarding the convenience of various learning formats and that are at the beginning of the transition between various instructional formats. Data sources were obtained from postgraduate study participants at various universities in Jawa, Indonesia, who had experienced changes in learning formats during their studies. Data was collected through direct observation and in-depth face-to-face and online interviews of 13 participants to capture real experiences and feelings. The data was then analysed using thematic qualitative analysis techniques with the help of the Atlas.Ti programme. The research results showed that all learning formats can optimise learning success if the resources are available and students are serious and focused on learning. For postgraduate students with good internet access, online learning was the most desired and convenient, both for those who were very busy and those who were just focused on studying. Ultimately, the choice of learning format should be based on carefully examining all available options to maximise their success in achieving their educational goals.

This research aims to explore Directive Speech Acts in the novel The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. This research used a descriptive qualitative method by employing literary pragmatics analysis. The object of this research was the utterances of the main characters in the novel's dialogue. The data were collected by reading the text closely, observing the dialogue in the text, note taking and highlighting the directive speech acts, coding and classifying the types of directive speech acts, then analyzing and interpreting the types of directive speech acts based on the theory proposed by Searle. There are five types of Directive Speech Acts found in this novel: asking, commanding, requesting, prohibiting, and advising. The data finding has shown that the highest type of asking is 160 utterances or 48,94 %. It is shown by Jim (a slave nigger), who always asks Huck Finn about everything. The second is commanding, with 112 utterances or 34,25%. The next type is requesting, with 28 utterances or 8,56%. Prohibiting has 18 utterances or 5,50%, and advice has the lowest portion, nine utterances or 2,75 %. The novel's directive speech acts play different functions, including asking for information and confirmation, asking someone to or not to do something, and suggesting. It also shows that directive speech acts such as asking, commanding, prohibiting, requesting, and advising have been influenced by social relations between the interlocutor, including social distance and social power.

AbstractIntroduction Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic, putting them at a higher risk of infection and disease than non-HCWs. We analysed the effects of government policies for the public and for HCWs on the likelihood of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and mortality among HCWs during the first 8 months of the pandemic in Jakarta province, the capital city and COVID-19 hotspot in Indonesia.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from the Jakarta provincial government from March to October 2020, which included sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities and COVID-19 diagnosis history for all cases. A generalized linear mixed-effect regression model was used to determine the effect of each month on the odds ratio (OR) of COVID-19 cases and deaths for HCW compared with non-HCW, assuming that monthly trends were influenced by varying government policies.Results A total of 894,487 suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases in health facilities in Jakarta province were analysed. The OR of confirmed cases for HCW was 2.04 (95% CI 2.00–2.08; p

This study analyzed the presuppositions in Marcus Rashford's open letter to the UK government regarding free school meals for children all over UK during the outbreak of Covid-19. His open letter is an essential part of social activism in a changing society. It was written with enthusiasm, optimism, and positivity for a new future. The study is conducted to fill the gap between the previous studies since no research has analyzed an open letter before. This study used Yule's theory (1996) of presuppositions and Cutting (2002) to analyze the data found in the letter. The results of the study found that the open letter used four kinds of presuppositions, which is existential, factive, lexical, and counterfactual presuppositions. Rashford was able to provide the audience with new data as an addition to the material they already knew by utilizing those presuppositions. Additionally, it refutes a common misconception. In this case, the UK government's stance is successfully influenced.

Advertising is one way for a business to reach more buyers. Utilizing stories in advertisements as an effective marketing communication tool for engaging audience emotions and building a strong relationship between brands and consumers. Through narrative online advertising, it can reach wider consumers, lower advertising costs, and target specific consumers. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the effect of humorous narrative online advertising on attitudes to advertising and the moderating role of advertising involvement in the relationship between the two. Using quantitative method, data collected through a survey of 170 students were analyzed by MRA (moderation regression analysis) with SPSS. This study found that advertising vividness, advertising entertainment, advertising self-referencing, and advertising interactivity affected attitudes to advertising. And advertising involvement weakens the relationship between advertising vividness, self-referencing ad, interactive ad to attitude to advertising, except for entertaining ad. The limitations and implications based on the findings to demonstrate the importance of humorous narrative online advertising in encouraging advertising involvement and attitude to advertising are also discussed in this study.

I Made Adi Parmana,1 Cindy Elfira Boom,1 Lisnawati Rachmadi,2 Dudy Arman Hanafy,3 Yunita Widyastuti,4 Muchtaruddin Mansyur,5 Bambang Budi Siswanto6 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia; 4Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 5Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 6Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: I Made Adi Parmana, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, LetJen S. Parman St No. Kav. 87, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, Email adiparmana13@gmail.comPurpose: On-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) causes myocardial ischemia, through the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamping (AoX). Glutamine supplementation protects cardiac cells during cardiac ischemia. This study analysed the correlation between cardiac index (CI), plasma troponin I, myocardial histopathology, CPB and AoX duration in low ejection fraction patients receiving glutamine and no glutamine undergoing elective on-pump CABG.Material and Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomised controlled trial of 60 patients, split into control and intervention (glutamine) groups. Glutamine was administered at a dose of 0.5 g/kg/24 hours. There were 29 patients in each respective groups after a total of two patients dropped out.Results: A negative correlation (p = 0.037) was observed between CPB duration and CI at 6 hours after CPB in the glutamine group. A positive correlation (p = 0.002) was also observed between AoX duration and plasma troponin I at 6 hours after CPB in the control group. However, no correlation was observed between myocardial histopathology and plasma troponin I level at 5 minutes after CPB.Conclusion: Significant negative correlation between CPB duration and CI at 6 hours after CPB in the glutamine group, along with significant positive correlation between AoX duration and plasma troponin I level at 6 hours after CPB in the control group demonstrated the myocardial protection qualities of intravenous glutamine administration in patients with low ejection fraction undergoing elective on-pump CABG surgeries.Keywords: glutamine, myocardial protection, coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiopulmonary bypass, low ejection fraction, myocardial injury

The availability of green space is decreasing along with the increase in population. Since then the land has been replaced by buildings as more people need a place to support human activities. As a result, the absorption of heat increases, causing the temperature in urbanized areas are higher relative to outlying areas (Urban Heat Island). Therefore, some efforts need to be made to reduce heat absorption, one of which is by applying the green roof. A strong roof structure and roof panel are required to implement green roofs. Wood is a material that has both strength and lightweight. However, the use of wood panels for roofing is not common in tropical areas due to the high rainfall. The wood roofing still has a potential to be used through the application of green roof technology that accommodate a waterproof layer and is not easily degraded by planting media. This study aims to examine the potential use of green roofs which made of wood structures and wood roofing in a tropical climate.

This study aims to adapt the Self-Efficay Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) into Indonesian and analyze the quality of its psychometric properties. The adaptation model refers to the concept developed by Beaton with 5 (five) stages, including initial translation, synthesis of the translations, back translation, expert committee, and pre-final version testing. This research method used descriptive quantitative by adapting measuring instruments. This research was conducted offline and online on students who live in the Aisyiyah Orphanage in East Java and students who are cared for by their parents with an age range of 12-18 years (N = 187; Boys 16% and Girls 83%). This study used Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) instruments with data collection techniques using the SEQ-C scale. Data analysis using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency reliability using JASP Version 16.0.0. The results of the CFA in model 2 show that there is a model fit (model fit) with the data, with a score of 2 = 169,999 (p = 0.421 > 0.05); RMSEA = 0.008 < 0.08; CFI = 0.999 > 0.9; TLI = 0.999 > 0.9; SRMR = 0.059 < 0.08 and has a loading factor > 0.4. Reliability test using internal consistency on each factor SEQ-C shows good results (including factors A, B, and C). SEQ-C, adapted into Indonesian, has met adequate validity and reliability to be used as a measuring tool for self-efficacy in students living in orphanages in Indonesia. However, it needs to be tested on students more generally, starting from elementary to high school.

Abstract Background In many middle-income countries, cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly increasing, but data for developing a strategy of cancer control are rarely collected or analyzed. This study aimed to identify factors associated with positive cancer screening for the uterine cervix and breast in Jakarta Province, Indonesia. Methods The data of 79,660 women who had visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and 83,043 women who had clinical breast examination (CBE) in the Jakarta Women Cancer Screening program in 2019 were included in this study. Socio-demographic factors, reproductive factors, lifestyle factors, family history, and the results of VIA and CBE were used for analyses. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VIA positive or CBE positive. Results The positive rate was 0.9% for both VIA and CBE among the screening participants. Factors associated with VIA positive were age

Mental health campaigns aim to educate sufferers about the importance of mental health and how to manage it. This study investigated how the functions of language and the meaning of modality were employed in @myselflovesupply's mental health campaign posts. In this study, the descriptive qualitative approach was used to evaluate the data. The data were gathered from the words written in the Instagram posts. According to the findings, the language functions discovered in the mental health campaign consist of conative, emotive, and referential, in accordance with Jakobson's theory. In addition, the use of modality in the mental health campaign by @myselflovesupply is extensive. Examined based on Halliday and Matthiessen's theory, the study found all the data used modality; modalization and modulation obtained the same amount of data, which includes obligation, possibility, usuality, and inclination. Encouragement language in mental health campaigns can motivate and encourage sufferers to find motivation, inspiration, comfort, and aspiration, which are crucial for their mental health. The researchers suggest that exploring multiple mental health campaigns to uncover more complex results beyond what was discovered in this current study would be beneficial in future studies. This would provide additional insights and broaden existing knowledge on this topic.

The objective of this study is to identify and describe the negative politeness strategies across cultures. The use of politeness strategies will differ depending on the context and the factors that influence it. With regard to that, the TV series Emily in Paris was chosen for this study in which Emily Cooper, the main character, played the young American girl who is hired by a marketing company in Paris. This study applies the theory of politeness proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) and the supporting theory by Holmes and Wilson (2017) about social factors that can affect politeness. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The data were taken from Emily Cooper’s utterances in the form of words, or phrases. The results of this study exposed that there are five kinds of negative politeness strategies found in Emily's utterances: giving deference, apologizing, questioning, or hedging, stating the FTA as a general rule and being conventionally indirect. At the same time, the social factors that influence Emily in using politeness are the participant, the setting, the topic, and the function. In addition, apologizing became the most strategy used by Emily because she tried to be polite and avoid any offense to her interlocutors.

Gezy Giwangkancana,1 Ezra Oktaliansah,1 Andi Ade W Ramlan,2 Arie Utariani,3 Putu Kurniyanta,4 Hasanul Arifin,5 Yunita Widyastuti,6 Astrid Pratiwi,7 Rusmin Syukur8 1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo Provincial Referral and Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; 4Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana/ Prof Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Bali, Indonesia; 5Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara/Dr. Adam Malik National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Medan, Indonesia; 6Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gajah Mada/Dr. Sardjito National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 7Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Harapan Kita Mother and Child Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 8Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hassanudin/ Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo National Referal and Teaching Hospital, Makassar, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Gezy Giwangkancana, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin National Referral and Teaching Hospital, RSUP Dr Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, Pasteur Street No. 38, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia, Tel +628122005952, Email Gezy.weita@unpad.ac.idBackground: The first wave of COVID-19 in 2020 created massive challenges in providing safe surgery for pediatric patients with COVID-19. Inevitably, emergency surgery and the unknown nature of the disease place a burden on the heavily challenged surgical services for pediatrics in a developing country. Lessons from the pandemic are important for future disaster planning.Aim: To describe the characteristics of pediatric surgical patients with COVID-19 undergoing emergency surgery during the first wave and its perioperative narrative in a developing country.Methods: The study was a multicenter retrospective descriptive study in eight Indonesian government-owned referral and teaching hospitals. The authors reviewed confirmed COVID-19 pediatric patients (≤ 18 years old) who underwent surgery. Institutional review board clearances were acquired, and data were evaluated in proportion and percentages. The writing of this paper follows the STROBE guidelines.Results: About 7791 pediatric surgical cases were collected, 73 matched the study criteria and 24 confirmed cases were found. Cases were more common in females (58.3%), who were above 12 years old (37.5%) and who were asymptomatic (62.5%). Laparotomy (33.3%), general anesthesia (90.4%) and intubation (80.8%) were common, while use of video laryngoscopy (40%) and rapid sequence intubation (28.8%) were rare. The mean length of stay was 12 ± 13.3 days, and in-hospital mortality was 8.3%.Discussions: Lockdown and school closure were successful in protecting children, hence the low incidence of pediatric surgical cases with COVID-19 during the first wave. Many hospitals were unprepared to perform surgery for a droplet or airborne infectious disease, and COVID-19 testing was not available nationally in the early pandemic, hence the use of protective protection equipment during these early pandemic times are often not efficient.Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 in pediatric surgical patients is low. The rapidity and availability of preoperative testing for a new emerging disease are essential in a pandemic.Keywords: COVID-19, emergency surgery, operating room, pandemic, pediatric anesthesia, pediatric surgery, perioperative

This paper presents mathematical modeling and quantitative evaluation of Large Scale Social Restriction (LSSR) in Jakarta between 10 April and 4 June 2020. The special capital region of Jakarta is the only province among 34 provinces in Indonesia with an average Testing Positivity Rate (TPR) below 5% recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The transmission model is based on a discrete-time compartmental epidemiological model incorporating suspected cases. The quantitative evaluation is measured based on the estimation of the time-varying effective reproduction number (Rt). Our results show the LSSR has been successfully suppressed the spread of COVID-19 in Jakarta, which was indicated by Rt < 1. However, once the LSSR was relaxed, the effective reproduction number increased significantly. The model is further used for short-term forecasting to mitigate the course of the pandemic.

Highlight Research • The leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus was identified and analysed based on molecular approach. • Genetic diversity within two regions in Gorontalo, Sulawesi successfully performed using connectivity analysis. • Three haplotypes of Plectropomus leopardus from two region in Gorontalo as one of economical important marine fish species. Abstract Bar-cheek coral trout (P. leopardus) is the flagship of the grouper in the live fish market in Asia. Unfortunately, the potential of the grouper is still partly produced from natural catches. Even though hybridisation activities have also started to be carried out, there still have not been many studies on the genetic diversity of these fish. The application of molecular identification has been widely applied in marine aquatic animal species, which are very likely to occur due to errors in terms of shape and colour in the morphological character. DNA information has been beneficial in efforts to the breeding program and develop grouper aquaculture activities. DNA barcoding was used for the molecular identification and haplotype analysis of P. leopardus from two locations in Gorontalo, Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 14 fish samples were collected from two traditional fish markets around Kwandang and Sumalata Gulf in the northern part of Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi. This study identified and found three haplotypes from both regions. Molecular identification using Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region on mitochondrial DNA. Besides Mega7 for phylogenetic reconstruction, the data analysis using DnaSP6, Arlequin Ver.3.5.2.2, and Network 5.0.1.1. The first Haplotype is a mixed population between the Kwandang Gulf and the Sumalata Gulf, then the Kwandang Gulf haplotype and the Sumalata Gulf haplotype. The genetic distance between Kwandang Gulf haplotype and Sumalata Gulf haplotype is 0.003984, classified as a shallow genetic distance and needs more samples from another region to figure out leopard coral grouper around Indonesia.

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, and betacyanin that can work as active ingredients for sunscreen. The purposes of this study were to determine the SPF value and physical characteristics of red dragon fruit flesh extract cream. The concentrations of red dragon fruit extract used were 0.07% (F1), 0.14% (F2) and 0.28% (F3). SPF value of this cream determine by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Evaluation of the physical characteristics of the cream includes organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, pH, physical stability, spread diameter, adhesiveness, and cream type. The results show there was a difference in SPF values in the group given the extract. F1 has the highest SPF value, namely 1.291 ± 0.007. The evaluation of physical characteristics produced a good cream preparation that met the requirements of the physical characteristics of the cream.

Garlic is an agricultural commodity with benefits as a kitchen spice and traditional medicine. Garlic is a horticultural commodity that plays an important role in Indonesia’s maintaining the economy and national food security. Garlic cultivation is rare in Indonesia. Only three garlic centers exist in Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, and West Sumatra. One of the garlic centers in Central Java is in Magelang Regency. However, garlic production in the Regency has decreased from 2013 to 2017. The government is trying to achieve self-sufficiency of garlic to increase garlic production. This caused researchers to research garlic businesses and their contribution to farmers’ income. The resulting analysis can help the government create policy programs to support increased garlic production and support farmers in continuing to carry out garlic farming sustainably. The study results showed that the average farmer income was IDR 35,411,324 per hectare with an income of IDR 88,232,387 per hectare. The contribution of garlic farming to farmers’ income is 47.63 percent, which is included in the moderate category

The low nutritional content of traditional crackers and typical taste of ordinary crackers is an opportunity to make crackers that have more nutritional value and have a delicious flavour. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of adding moringa flour (Moringa oleifera) on the quality of duck meat traditional crackers in terms of physical and chemical quality. Duck meat traditional crackers were added with moringa flour to improve taste and increase nutrition. The research treatments included P0 (control without adding moringa flour), P1 (addition of 1% moringa flour), P2 (addition of 2% moringa flour), and P3 (addition of 3% moringa flour). The results showed that moringa flour affected the swellability, organoleptic value, water content, fat content, protein content, ash content, crude fiber content, calcium, antioxidant activity and beta-carotene value of the cracker. However, the moringa flour did not affect the breaking strength. After carrying out the De Garmo test, the best treatment based on physicochemical and organoleptic was obtained by adding duck meat to crackers with a concrentration of 2% of addition.

Eggs are a source of animal protein needed by the body and contain complete essential amino acids. Chicken eggs are easily damaged or changed so the quality of the eggs decreases with the length of storage. This damage can be prevented by coating. Past studies concluded that edible coating can maintain the quality of chicken eggs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of coating chicken eggs using chitosan and casein edible coating with the addition of garlic essential oil. The materials used are fresh chicken eggs, edible coating solution and garlic essential oil. The method used in this study was a laboratory experiment with Completely Randomized Nested Design with 2 treatments and 3 replications. Edible coating with the addition of garlic essential oil is expected to improve egg quality with a long shelf life. The result showed that chicken eggs coated with chitosan casein edible coating with the addition of garlic essential oil 1% for storage time of 0 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days gave a very significant effect (P

Parkia speciosa have many potential properties, as source of antioxidant to combat free radicals, including by dint of jelantah exposure. Its flavonoid content is suspected as an antihiperlipidemia so it can be used as natural treatment to control the lipid profile. This study aims to examine the beneficial effects of the ethanolic extract of P. speciosa’s empty pods (EEPE) on the cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides levels in jelantah exposed Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups, group I as negative control with no jelantah and EEPE treatment, group II with 1 mL jelantah (118 meq/kg) and 100 mg/kg body weight of EEPE, group III with 1 mL jelantah (118 meq/kg) and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEPE, and group IV as positive control with only jelantah treatment. This study showed that the higher concentration of EEPE able to reduce the cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels also increase the HDL level more than the lower one. However, the treatment of EEPE in group I and II cannot regenerate the lipid profiles in group I as negative control.

The country’s economic development and people’s lives require reliable transportation and logistics services. Therefore, road maintenance policies and techniques must be more comprehensive to ensure transportation infrastructure operations’ efficiency. The inefficiency of road maintenance, among others, is due to the failure to identify and predict the level of damage that can cause fundamental data anomalies. Therefore, the current scientific development of road maintenance must be able to take advantage of the convenience of technology. Widespread technology implementation on the Internet of Think (IoT), big data, and data mining (DM) can be a solution to developing a better pavement management system. However, implementing these technologies is challenging due to the weak conception and availability of currently available resources. This paper offers a pavement system management implementation concept that can be developed in Indonesia to improve the existing system. The study results show that IoT, big data, and DM are believed to support a more intelligent and comprehensive pavement management system. The concept offered consists of three main things: identification of damage and 3D pavement modeling, data analysis, decision support systems, and collaboration of intelligent solutions in implementing maintenance in the field. This paper is equipped with an illustration of the concept of road maintenance based on IoT, big data, and DM, which can be implemented intelligently and simply in Indonesia.

Indonesia has a tropical climate rich in exotic fruits, such as pineapples, bananas, oranges, papaya, mangoes, watermelons, and pomegranates. Apart from its abundant production, these fruits also have parts of the fruit that are rarely used, such as seeds and peels. The peel of exotic fruits can be used as an eco-enzyme because of its enzyme content. Eco-enzymes are a type of natural compound that can usually be extracted from fruit peel or waste. Eco-enzymes are vinegar made by fermenting food waste with sugar to form alcohol. This review focuses on the potential use of exotic fruit peels and the enzymes they contain, which are used as ecoenzymes. Eco-enzyme production reduces the accumulation of organic waste and has several other benefits, including cleaning floors, equipment, etc. Extensive research in the industrial sector must also be carried out to improve the nutritional and functional potential of the peel of this exotic fruit.

In a debate, interruption is a vital element because its utterance carries a distinct meaning. This study aims to demonstrate the presence of assertive illocutionary acts in Joe Biden's interruptions in the 2020 First Presidential Debate by identifying the type of interruption and assertive function contained within each interruption. This study utilizes the theory of assertive illocutionary acts by Searle and interruptions by Ferguson. The data were derived from Joe Biden's remarks in the 2020 First Presidential Debate. The results indicate that Joe Biden's interruption contains all functions of assertive illocutionary acts that aid in communicating the meaning of his utterances. The outcomes reveal that Joe Biden performed 21 interruptions, with the most parts being overlap interruptions (13 times), followed by simple interruptions (6 times), and the fewest being butting-in interruptions (2 times). In the interruption conducted by Joe Biden, assertive illocutionary speech acts were found with stating being the most dominant type (11 times), followed by claiming (5 times), complaining (2 times), reporting (1 time), explaining (1 time), and suggesting (1 time).

I Made Adi Parmana,1 Cindy Elfira Boom,1 Lisnawati Rachmadi,2 Dudy Arman Hanafy,3 Yunita Widyastuti,4 Muchtaruddin Mansyur,5 Bambang Budi Siswanto6 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia; 4Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 5Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; 6Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: I Made Adi Parmana, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, LetJen S. Parman St No. Kav. 87, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, Tel +62 812-4601-212, Email adiparmana13@gmail.comPurpose: Myocardial injury due to on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with low ejection fraction (EF) is associated with poor outcomes. This study determines whether intravenous glutamine could protect the myocardium during on-pump CABG in patients with low EF.Materials and Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial to assess glutamine as a myocardial protector during on-pump CABG in patients with left ventricle EF of 31– 50%, conducted from January to October 2021. Patients in the glutamine group (n = 30) received 0.5 g/kg of 20% glutamine solution diluted with 0.9% NaCl up to 500 mL in total volume over a period of 24 hours. Patients in the control group (n = 30) received 0.9% NaCl over the same period. The primary outcomes were plasma troponin I and plasma glutamine levels. Secondary outcomes included α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) levels and histopathology scoring of the right atrial appendage tissue, plasma lactate levels, hemodynamic measurement, and morbidity.Results: Twenty-nine patients from each group (58 in total) were included in the analysis. Plasma troponin I levels at 6 and 24 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were significantly lower in the glutamine than the control group (mean 3.43 ± 1.51 ng/mL vs mean 4.41 ± 1.89 ng/mL; p = 0.034; median 3.08 ng/mL [min–max: 1.30– 6.59] vs median 3.77 ng/mL [min–max: 0.00– 36.53]; p = 0.038, respectively). Plasma glutamine levels at 24 hours after CPB were significantly higher in the glutamine than the control group (mean 935.42 ± 319.10 μmol/L vs mean 634.79 ± 243.89 μmol/L, p = 0.001). Plasma lactate levels at 6 and 24 hours after CPB were significantly lower in the glutamine than the control group (median 5.30 mmol/L [min-max: 1.20– 9.50] vs median 5.70 mmol/L [min-max: 2.80– 11.30], p = 0.042; mean 2.08 ± 0.67 mmol/L vs mean 2.46 ± 0.69 mmol/L, p = 0.044, respectively). Myocardial injury score was significantly lower in the glutamine than the control group (mean 1.30 ± 0.24 vs mean 1.48 ± 0.26, p = 0.011).Conclusion: Perioperative administration of 0.5 g/kg intravenous glutamine solution over the period of 24 hours has myocardial protection effect in patients with low EF who undergo elective on-pump CABG.Keywords: glutamine, myocardial protection, coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiopulmonary bypass, low ejection fraction, myocardial injury

Heavy metal contamination in the urban river has become the most severe problem in the urban environment, especially the zinc (Zn) compound is harmful to the environment at current levels of exposure. This study aims to assess the impact of urbanization and industrialization on Zn pollution in surface sediment at the Umeda River. Triplicate surface sediment samples were collected at nine sample points. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for analyzing the Zn and Fe concentrations. The surface sediments in the Umeda River contained 48–159 mg/kg of Zn. The results indicated that Zn concentrations were abundant in the ascending order of 600–1,000 μm, 300–600 μm, and smaller than 300 μm. The higher the grain size, the higher the particulate organic carbon which might contribute to the higher Zn and Fe concentrations. In addition, the sediment quality guidelines indicated that the Zn levels in the study area did not constitute a major threat to biota. Normalization with Fe showed that the Zn pollution in surface sediment had been influenced by anthropogenic activities such as industrialization and urbanization. HIGHLIGHTS Unusual condition of Zn contents in the surface sediment compared with other studies.; Represents the zinc studies in urban areas with some type of land use in the watershed.; The first heavy metals research in the Umeda River, Aichi, Japan.;

Excess mortality during the COVID-19 epidemic is a crucial indicator of the health effects. We examined mortality records from government sources in Jakarta, Indonesia, from January 2015 to October 2020: 1) burials in public cemeteries; 2) civil registration of deaths; and 3) registration of deaths by health authorities. During 2015-2019, there were an average of 26,342 burials per year between January and October. During the same time frame in 2020, there were 42,460 burials, a 61% increase. Two months before the first official laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Indonesia in March 2020, a surge in burials began in early January 2020. In 2020, an examination of civil death registrations or health authority death registrations revealed insensitive trends. Both the characterization and management of the health crisis in Jakarta are clouded by insufficient laboratory diagnostic and death surveillance capabilities. The public burials data described may serve as a useful indicator of mortality impacts and the efficacy of epidemic interventions.

Development of a model for analyzing a bullet’s impact is important in the military field to design a bullet with desired properties. This study uses a finite element model with a Lagrangian framework and Lagrange-discrete element method (DEM) model by ANSYS Explicit Dynamic to investigate the effect of frangible bullet designs on bullet deformation and penetration in ballistic gel setting. A modeling approach with ballistic gel can analyzed the extreme deformation of bullets much faster compared to the more resource intensive real life ballistic gel test. The study starts with developing a 3D model, then importing it to an ANSYS workbench to solve the problems. Overall, the results of Lagrange-DEM shows deeper penetration and better accuracy to represent the real life ballistic gel test than other simulation method. The fluted bullet design has a shorter penetration depth but a bigger temporary cavity diameter than the flat-nosed one due to its notch and asymmetrical design, which becomes the part that is easily deformed and leads to directional deformation.