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450 results on '"Wielicki, Bruce A."'

1. Clearing the Cloud Questions: Advances with DOE-ARM Solar Spectral Observation Capabilities

Author

Riihimaki, Laura D., Flynn, Connor, McComiskey, Allison, Lubin, Dan, Blanchard, yann, Chiu, J. Christine, Feingold, Graham, Feldman, Daniel R., Gristey, Jake J., Herrera, Christian, Hodges, Gary, Kassianov, Evgueni, LeBlanc, Samuel E., Marshak, Alexander, Michalsky, Joseph J., Pilewskie, Peter, Schmidt, Sebastian, Scott, Ryan C., Shea, Yolanda, Thome, Kurtis, Wagener, Richard, and Wielicki, Bruce

Subjects
United States. Department of Energy -- Services, Atmospheric carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects, Climate models -- Usage, Radiation -- Measurement, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

In the decade before the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) facility was established in 1992, early modern climate models exhibited large differences in the climate response [...]

Published
2022

2. The Shortwave Spectral Radiometer for Atmospheric Science : Capabilities and Applications from the ARM User Facility

Author

Riihimaki, Laura D., Flynn, Connor, McComiskey, Allison, Lubin, Dan, Blanchard, Yann, Chiu, J. Christine, Feingold, Graham, Feldman, Daniel R., Gristey, Jake J., Herrera, Christian, Hodges, Gary, Kassianov, Evgueni, LeBlanc, Samuel E., Marshak, Alexander, Michalsky, Joseph J., Pilewskie, Peter, Schmidt, Sebastian, Scott, Ryan C., Shea, Yolanda, Thome, Kurtis, Wagener, Richard, and Wielicki, Bruce

Published
2021

9. Spectral Polarization Distribution Models (PDMs) for NASA CLARREO Pathfinder’s Inter-Calibration Applications

Author

Sun, Wenbo, Wielicki, Bruce, Baize, Rosemary R, Fleming, Gary A, and Lukashin, Constantine

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

Solar radiation scattered by Earth surfaces of various scene types such as oceans, deserts, tree leaves etc and atmospheric molecules and particles is polarized and the amount of polarization depends on the surface composition and particle physical properties. This can be a source of measurement errors in satellite data if a non-polarimetric radiometric sensor is sensitive to the polarization state of light. To obtain highly accurate spectral solar radiation data from the Earth-atmosphere system for the space-borne inter-calibration studies as proposed in NASA's Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission and the CLARREO Pathfinder (CPF) mission, the spectral polarization state of the reflected solar light at the top of atmosphere (TOA) must be known with sufficient accuracy. The degree of polarization (DOP) and the angle of linear polarization (AOLP) of the light at the TOA as functions of incident and viewing geometry and scene type construct the Polarization Distribution Models (PDMs) for correction of polarization-induced error of satellite data. In this work, algorithms for modeling the spectral polarization state of reflected sunlight from various types of Earth, including oceans, deserts, vegetated land surfaces and these scene types with all kinds of clouds, are developed. By comparing the model results with the PARASOL satellite data, our numerical results demonstrate that the model can provide a reliable approach for making the spectral PDMs for wavelengths between 320 and 2300 nm for satellite inter-calibration applications as proposed in the CLARREO and the CLARREO CPF missions.

Published
2019

13. ACHIEVING CLIMATE CHANGE ABSOLUTE ACCURACY IN ORBIT

Author

Wielicki, Bruce A., Young, D. F., Mlynczak, M. G., Thome, K. J., Leroy, S., Corliss, J., Anderson, J. G., Ao, C. O., Bantges, R., Best, F., Bowman, K., Brindley, H., Butler, J. J., Collins, W., Dykema, J. A., Doelling, D. R., Feldman, D. R., Fox, N., Huang, X., Holz, R., Huang, Y., Jin, Z., Jennings, D., Johnson, D. G., Jucks, K., Kato, S., Kirk-Davidoff, D. B., Knuteson, R., Kopp, G., Kratz, D. P., Liu, X., Lukashin, C., Mannucci, A. J., Phojanamongkolkij, N., Pilewskie, P., Ramaswamy, V., Revercomb, H., Rice, J., Roberts, Y., Roithmayr, C. M., Rose, F., Sandford, S., Shirley, E. L., Smith, W. L., Soden, B., Speth, P. W., Sun, W., Taylor, P. C., Tobin, D., and Xiong, X.

Published
2013

26. Reply

Author

Lin, Bing, Wong, Takmeng, Wielicki, Bruce A., and Hu, Yongxiang

Published
2005

29. PARAGON : An Integrated Approach for Characterizing Aerosol Climate Impacts and Environmental Interactions

Author

Diner, David J., Ackerman, Thomas P., Anderson, Theodore L., Bösenberg, Jens, Braverman, Amy J., Charlson, Robert J., Collins, William D., Davies, Roger, Holben, Brent N., Hostetler, Chris A., Kahn, Ralph A., Martonchik, John V., Menzies, Robert T., Miller, Mark A., Ogren, John A., Penner, Joyce E., Rasch, Philip J., Schwartz, Stephen E., Seinfeld, John H., Stephens, Graeme L., Torres, Omar, Travis, Larry D., Wielicki, Bruce A., and Yu, Bin

Published
2004

34. Climate Change Observation Accuracy: Requirements and Economic Value

Author

Wielicki, Bruce, Cooke, Roger, Golub, Alexander, Baize, Rosemary, Mlynczak, Martin, Lukashin, Constantin, Thome, Kurt, Shea, Yolanda, Kopp, Greg, Pilewskie, Peter, Revercomb, Henry, and Best, Fred

Subjects
Economics And Cost Analysis, Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

This presentation will summarize a new quantitative approach to determining the required accuracy for climate change observations. Using this metric, most current global satellite observations struggle to meet this accuracy level. CLARREO (Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory) is a new satellite mission designed to resolve this challenge is by achieving advances of a factor of 10 for reflected solar spectra and a factor of 3 to 5 for thermal infrared spectra. The CLARREO spectrometers can serve as SI traceable benchmarks for the Global Satellite Intercalibration System (GSICS) and greatly improve the utility of a wide range of LEO and GEO infrared and reflected solar satellite sensors for climate change observations (e.g. CERES, MODIS, VIIIRS, CrIS, IASI, Landsat, etc). A CLARREO Pathfinder mission for flight on the International Space Station is included in the U.S. Presidentâ€"TM"s fiscal year 2016 budget, with launch in 2019 or 2020. Providing more accurate decadal change trends can in turn lead to more rapid narrowing of key climate science uncertainties such as cloud feedback and climate sensitivity. A new study has been carried out to quantify the economic benefits of such an advance and concludes that the economic value is ~ $9 Trillion U.S. dollars. The new value includes the cost of carbon emissions reductions.

Published
2016

35. CONFRONTING MODELS WITH DATA : The GEWEX Cloud Systems Study

Author

Randall, David, Krueger, Steven, Bretherton, Christopher, Curry, Judith, Duynkerke, Peter, Moncrieff, Mitchell, Ryan, Brian, Starr, David, Miller, Martin, Rossow, William, Tselioudis, George, and Wielicki, Bruce

Published
2003

38. Reply

Author

Chambers, Lin, Lin, Bing, Wielicki, Bruce, Hu, Yongxiang, and Xu, Kuan-Man

Published
2002

43. Method for Ground-to-Satellite Laser Calibration System

Author

Lukashin, Constantine and Wielicki, Bruce A

Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography
Abstract

The present invention comprises an approach for calibrating the sensitivity to polarization, optics degradation, spectral and stray light response functions of instruments on orbit. The concept is based on using an accurate ground-based laser system, Ground-to-Space Laser Calibration (GSLC), transmitting laser light to instrument on orbit during nighttime substantially clear-sky conditions. To minimize atmospheric contribution to the calibration uncertainty the calibration cycles should be performed in short time intervals, and all required measurements are designed to be relative. The calibration cycles involve ground operations with laser beam polarization and wavelength changes.

Published
2015

46. Unified modeling approach to climate system prediction

Author

Hurrell, James, Meehl, Gerald A., Bader, David, Delworth, Thomas L., Kirtman, Ben, and Wielicki, Bruce

Subjects
Weather forecasting -- Models, Weather forecasting -- Methods, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

There is a new perspective of a continuum of prediction problems, with a blurring of the distinction between short-term predictions and long-term climate projections. At the heart of this new perspective is the realization that all climate system predictions, regardless of time scale, share common processes and mechanisms; moreover, interactions across time and space scales are fundamental to the climate system itself. Further, just as seasonal-to-interannual predictions start from an estimate of the state of the climate system, there is a growing realization that decadal and longer-term climate predictions could be initialized with estimates of the current observed state of the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere, and land surface. Even though the prediction problem itself is seamless, the best practical approach to it may be described as unified: models aimed at different time scales and phenomena may have large commonality but place emphasis on different aspects of the system. The potential benefits of this commonality are significant and include improved predictions on all time scales and stronger collaboration and shared knowledge, infrastructure, and technical capabilities among those in the weather and climate prediction communities. DOI: 10.1175/2009BAMS2752.1

Published
2009

47. Cloud detection in nonpolar regions for CERES using TRMM VIRS and Terra and Aqua MODIS data

Author

Minnis, Patrick, Trepte, Qing Z., Sun-Mack, Szedung, Chen, Yan, Doelling, David R., Young, David F., Spangenberg, Douglas A., Miller, Walter F., Wielicki, Bruce A., Brown, Ricky R., Gibson, Sharon C., and Geier, Erika B.

Subjects
Rain and rainfall -- Research, Clouds -- Properties, Electric waves -- Research, Electromagnetic radiation -- Research, Electromagnetic waves -- Research, Spectroradiometer -- Usage, Imaging systems -- Methods, Scanning devices -- Research, Business, Earth sciences, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Objective techniques have been developed to consistently identify cloudy pixels over nonpolar regions in multispectral imager data coincident with measurements taken by the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Terra, and Aqua satellites. The daytime method uses the 0.65-, 3.8-, 10.8-, and 12.0-[micro]m channels on the TRMM Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and the Terra and Aqua MODIS. The VIRS and Terra 1.6-[micro]m channel and the Aqua 1.38- and 2.1-[micro]m channels are used secondarily. The primary nighttime radiances are from the 3.8-, 10.8-, and 12.0-[micro]m channels. Significant differences were found between the VIRS and Terra 1.6-[micro]m and the Terra and Aqua 3.8-[micro]m channels' calibrations. Cascading threshold tests provide clear or cloudy classifications that are qualified according to confidence levels or other conditions, such as sunglint, that affect the classification. The initial infrared threshold test classifies ~43% of the pixels as clouds. The next level seeks consistency in three (two) different channels during daytime (nighttime) and accounts for roughly 40% (25%) of the pixels. The third tier uses refined thresholds to classify remaining pixels. For cloudy pixels, ~4% yield no retrieval when analyzed with a cloud retrieval algorithm. The techniques were applied to data between 1998 and 2006 to yield average nonpolar cloud amounts of ~0.60. Averages among the platforms differ by < 0.01 and are comparable to surface climatological values, but roughly 0.07 less than means from two other satellite analyses, primarily as a result of missing small subpixel and thin clouds. Index Terms--Cloud, cloud detection, cloud mask, Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS).

Published
2008

48. Improved Radiometric Accuracies for Climate Science with HySICS

Author

Kopp, Greg, Smith, Paul, Fleming, Gary, Pilewskie, Peter, and Wielicki, Bruce A.

Abstract

The HyperSpectral Imager for Climate Science (HySICS), to be flown as the CLARREO Pathfinder payload in 2023, will acquire images of the Earth’s ground and atmosphere with unprecedented radiometric accuracies of

Published
2020

49. Method for Ground-to-Space Laser Calibration System

Author

Lukashin, Constantine and Wielicki, Bruce A

Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography
Abstract

The present invention comprises an approach for calibrating the sensitivity to polarization, optics degradation, spectral and stray light response functions of instruments on orbit. The concept is based on using an accurate ground-based laser system, Ground-to-Space Laser Calibration (GSLC), transmitting laser light to instrument on orbit during nighttime substantially clear-sky conditions. To minimize atmospheric contribution to the calibration uncertainty the calibration cycles should be performed in short time intervals, and all required measurements are designed to be relative. The calibration cycles involve ground operations with laser beam polarization and wavelength changes.

Published
2014

50. CLARREO Approach for Reference Intercalibration of Reflected Solar Sensors: On-Orbit Data Matching and Sampling

Author

Roithmayr, Carlos, Lukashin, Constantine, Speth, Paul W, Kopp, Gregg, Thome, Kurt, Wielicki, Bruce A, and Young, David F

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

The implementation of the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission was recommended by the National Research Council in 2007 to provide an on-orbit intercalibration standard with accuracy of 0.3% (k = 2) for relevant Earth observing sensors. The goal of reference intercalibration, as established in the Decadal Survey, is to enable rigorous high-accuracy observations of critical climate change parameters, including reflected broadband radiation [Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)], cloud properties [Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)], and changes in surface albedo, including snow and ice albedo feedback. In this paper, we describe the CLARREO approach for performing intercalibration on orbit in the reflected solar (RS) wavelength domain. It is based on providing highly accurate spectral reflectance and reflected radiance measurements from the CLARREO Reflected Solar Spectrometer (RSS) to establish an on-orbit reference for existing sensors, namely, CERES and VIIRS on Joint Polar Satellite System satellites, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and follow-on imagers on MetOp, Landsat imagers, and imagers on geostationary platforms. One of two fundamental CLARREO mission goals is to provide sufficient sampling of high-accuracy observations that are matched in time, space, and viewing angles with measurements made by existing instruments, to a degree that overcomes the random error sources from imperfect data matching and instrument noise. The data matching is achieved through CLARREO RSS pointing operations on orbit that align its line of sight with the intercalibrated sensor. These operations must be planned in advance; therefore, intercalibration events must be predicted by orbital modeling. If two competing opportunities are identified, one target sensor must be given priority over the other. The intercalibration method is to monitor changes in targeted sensor response function parameters: effective offset, gain, nonlinearity, optics spectral response, and sensitivity to polarization. In this paper, we use existing satellite data and orbital simulationmethods to determinemission requirements for CLARREO, its instrument pointing ability, methodology, and needed intercalibration sampling and data matching for accurate intercalibration of RS radiation sensors on orbit.

Published
2014
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