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1. Assessing the Health Status and Needs of Informal Workers at Texas Truck Stops

Author: Celeste-Villalvir, Alane, Wilkerson, J. Michael, Schick, Vanessa, and McCurdy, Sheryl
Published: 2022
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2. The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR experiment's construction, commissioning, and performance

Author: Abgrall, N., Aguayo, E., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Bertrand, F. E., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Boswell, M., Bradley, A. W., Brudanin, V., Burritt, T. H., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Byram, D., Caldwell, A. S., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y. -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Combs, D. C., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Fast, J. E., Finnerty, P., Fraenkle, F. M., Fuad, N., Fuller, E., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Goett, J., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Harper, G. C., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Howe, M. A., Jasinski, B. R., Keeter, K. J., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., LaFerriere, B. D., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Loach, J. C., Lopez, A. M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., MacMullin, J., MacMullin, S., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Merriman, J. H., Mertens, S., Miley, H. S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Orrell, J. L., O'Shaughnessy, C., Othman, G., Overman, N. R., Peterson, D., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodriguez, L., Ruof, N. W., Salazar, H., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Shanks, B., Shirchenko, M., Snavely, K. J., Snyder, N., Soin, A., Steele, D., Suriano, A. M., Swift, G., Trimble, D. Tedeschi J. E., Turqueti, M., Van Wechel, T. D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Vorren, K., Watkins, S. L., White, B. R., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yaver, H., Yu, C. -H., Yumatov, V. I., Zhitnikov, I., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Background: The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR , a modular array of isotopically enriched high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, was constructed to demonstrate backgrounds low enough to justify building a tonne-scale experiment to search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay ($\beta\beta(0\nu)$) of $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$. Purpose: This paper presents a description of the instrument, its commissioning, and operations. It covers the electroforming, underground infrastructure, enrichment, detector fabrication, low-background and construction techniques, electronics, data acquisition, databases, and data processing of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR. Method: The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR operated inside an ultra-low radioactivity passive shield at the 4850-foot~level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) from 2015-2021. Results and Conclusions: The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR achieved the best energy resolution and second-best background level of any $\beta\beta(0\nu)$ search. This enabled it to achieve an ultimate half-life limit on $\beta\beta(0\nu)$ in $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$ of $8.3\times 10^{25}$~yr (90\% C.L.) and perform a rich set of searches for other physics beyond the Standard Model., Comment: 72 pages
Published: 2025

3. Rare multi-nucleon decays with the full data sets of the Majorana Demonstrator

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Chan, Y. -D., Chapman, J. R., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Fuad, N., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Henning, R., Hoppe, E. W., Kouzes, R. T., Li, A., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., and Yu, C. -H.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Majorana Demonstrator was an ultra-low-background experiment designed for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) investigation in $^{76}$Ge. Located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, the Demonstrator utilized modular high-purity Ge detector arrays within shielded vacuum cryostats, operating deep underground. The arrays, with a capacity of up to 40.4 kg (27.2 kg enriched to $\sim 88\%$ in $^{76}$Ge), have accumulated the full data set, totaling 64.5 kg yr of enriched active exposure and 27.4 kg yr of exposure for natural detectors. Our updated search improves previously explored three-nucleon decay modes in Ge isotopes, setting new half-life limits of $1.27\times10^{26}$ years (90\% confidence level) for $^{76}$Ge($ppp$) $\rightarrow$ $^{73}$Cu e$^+\pi^+\pi^+$ and $^{76}$Ge($ppn$) $\rightarrow$ $^{73}$Zn e$^+\pi^+$. The half-life limit for the invisible tri-proton decay mode of $^{76}$Ge is found to be $1.4\times10^{25}$ yr. Furthermore, we have updated limits for corresponding multi-nucleon decays.
Published: 2024

4. First constraints on general neutrino interactions based on KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gagliardi, G., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gutknecht, N., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Helbing, K., Henke, H., Heyns, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Khosonthongkee, K., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., McMichael, K., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Seeyangnok, J., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Songwadhana, J., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum performed by the KATRIN experiment provides a unique way to search for general neutrino interactions (GNI). All theoretical allowed GNI terms involving neutrinos are incorporated into a low-energy effective field theory, and can be identified by specific signatures in the measured tritium $\beta$-spectrum. In this paper an effective description of the impact of GNI on the $\beta$-spectrum is formulated and the first constraints on the effective GNI parameters are derived based on the 4 million electrons collected in the second measurement campaign of KATRIN in 2019. In addition, constraints on selected types of interactions are investigated, thereby exploring the potential of KATRIN to search for more specific new physics cases, including a right-handed W boson, a charged Higgs or leptoquarks.
Published: 2024

5. Machine Learning-Powered Data Cleaning for LEGEND

Author: León, E., Li, A., Schott, M. A. Bahena, Bos, B., Busch, M., Chapman, J. R., Duran, G. L., Gruszko, J., Henning, R., Martin, E. L., and Wilkerson, J. F.
Subjects: Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) is a rare nuclear process that, if observed, will provide insight into the nature of neutrinos and help explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (LEGEND) will operate in two phases to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$. The first (second) stage will employ 200 (1000) kg of High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) enriched in $^{76}$Ge to achieve a half-life sensitivity of 10$^{27}$ (10$^{28}$) years. In this study, we present a semi-supervised data-driven approach to remove non-physical events captured by HPGe detectors powered by a novel artificial intelligence model. We utilize Affinity Propagation to cluster waveform signals based on their shape and a Support Vector Machine to classify them into different categories. We train, optimize, test our model on data taken from a natural abundance HPGe detector installed in the Full Chain Test experimental stand at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. We demonstrate that our model yields a maximum physics event sacrifice of $0.024 ^{+0.004}_{-0.003} \%$ when performing data cleaning cuts. Our model is being used to accelerate data cleaning development for LEGEND-200., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2024

6. Final Results of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Double-Beta Decay of $^{76}$Ge to Excited States of $^{76}$Se

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Chan, Y. -D., Chapman, J. R., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Fuad, N., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: $^{76}$Ge can $\beta\beta$ decay into three possible excited states of $^{76}$Se, with the emission of two or, if the neutrino is Majorana, zero neutrinos. None of these six transitions have yet been observed. The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR was designed to study $\beta\beta$ decay of $^{76}$Ge using a low background array of high purity germanium detectors. With 98.2 kg-y of isotopic exposure, the DEMONSTRATOR sets the strongest half-life limits to date for all six transition modes. For $2\nu\beta\beta$ to the $0^+_1$ state of $^{76}$Se, this search has begun to probe for the first time half-life values predicted using modern many-body nuclear theory techniques, setting a limit of $T_{1/2}>1.5\times10^{24}$ y (90% CL)., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

7. An assay-based background projection for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR using Monte Carlo Uncertainty Propagation

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y. -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Fuad, N., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., and Yu, C. -H.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The background index is an important quantity which is used in projecting and calculating the half-life sensitivity of neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiments. A novel analysis framework is presented to calculate the background index using the specific activities, masses and simulated efficiencies of an experiment's components as distributions. This Bayesian framework includes a unified approach to combine specific activities from assay. Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation is used to build a background index distribution from the specific activity, mass and efficiency distributions. This analysis method is applied to the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, which deployed arrays of high-purity Ge detectors enriched in $^{76}$Ge to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$. The framework projects a mean background index of $\left[8.95 \pm 0.36\right] \times 10^{-4}$cts/(keV kg yr) from $^{232}$Th and $^{238}$U in the DEMONSTRATOR's components., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

8. Measurement of the electric potential and the magnetic field in the shifted analysing plane of the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bobien, S., Böttcher, M., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Heyns, S., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Khosonthongkee, K., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., McMichael, K., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The projected sensitivity of the effective electron neutrino-mass measurement with the KATRIN experiment is below 0.3 eV (90 % CL) after five years of data acquisition. The sensitivity is affected by the increased rate of the background electrons from KATRIN's main spectrometer. A special shifted-analysing-plane (SAP) configuration was developed to reduce this background by a factor of two. The complex layout of electromagnetic fields in the SAP configuration requires a robust method of estimating these fields. We present in this paper a dedicated calibration measurement of the fields using conversion electrons of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr, which enables the neutrino-mass measurements in the SAP configuration., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2024

9. Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bobien, S., Böttcher, M., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Gutknecht, N., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Henke, H., Heyns, S., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Khosonthongkee, K., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Kohpeiß, J., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., Kovalík, A., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schnurr, U., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Tirolf, S., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The fact that neutrinos carry a non-vanishing rest mass is evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute mass bears important relevance from particle physics to cosmology. In this work, we report on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with the KATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium $\beta$-decay close to the kinematic endpoint. Based on the first five neutrino-mass measurement campaigns, we derive a best-fit value of $m_\nu^{2} = {-0.14^{+0.13}_{-0.15}}~\mathrm{eV^2}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_\nu < {0.45}~\mathrm{eV}$ at 90 % confidence level. With six times the statistics of previous data sets, amounting to 36 million electrons collected in 259 measurement days, a substantial reduction of the background level and improved systematic uncertainties, this result tightens KATRIN's previous bound by a factor of almost two., Comment: 61 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2024

10. A Web-Based Game for Young Adolescents to Improve Parental Communication and Prevent Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections (The Secret of Seven Stones): Development and Feasibility Study

Author: Shegog, Ross, Armistead, Laura, Markham, Christine, Dube, Sara, Song, Hsing-Yi, Chaudhary, Pooja, Spencer, Angela, Peskin, Melissa, Santa Maria, Diane, Wilkerson, J Michael, Addy, Robert, Tortolero Emery, Susan, and McLaughlin, Jeffery
Subjects: Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundEarly adolescent unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection prevention are significant public health challenges in the United States. Parental influence can help adolescents make responsible and informed sexual health decisions toward delayed sexual debut; yet parents often feel ill equipped to communicate about sex-related topics. Intergenerational games offer a potential strategy to provide life skills training to young adolescents (aged 11-14 years) while engaging them and their parents in communication about sexual health. ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the development of a web-based online sexual health intergenerational adventure game, the Secret of Seven Stones (SSS), using an intervention mapping (IM) approach for developing theory- and evidence-based interventions. MethodsWe followed the IM development steps to describe a theoretical and empirical model for young adolescent sexual health behavior, define target behaviors and change objectives, identify theory-based methods and practical applications to inform design and function, develop and test a prototype of 2 game levels to assess feasibility before developing the complete 18-level game, draft an implementation plan that includes a commercial dissemination strategy, and draft an evaluation plan including a study design for a randomized controlled trial efficacy trial of SSS. ResultsSSS comprised an adventure game for young adolescent skills training delivered via a desktop computer, a text-based notification system to provide progress updates for parents and cues to initiate dialogue with their 11- to 14-year-old child, and a website for parent skills training and progress monitoring. Formative prototype testing demonstrated feasibility for in-home use and positive usability ratings. ConclusionsThe SSS intergenerational game provides a unique addition to the limited cadre of home-based programs that facilitate parent involvement in influencing young adolescent behaviors and reducing adolescent sexual risk taking. The IM framework provided a logical and thorough approach to development and testing, attentive to the need for theoretical and empirical foundations in serious games for health.
Published: 2021
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11. “And Now that I Feel Safe…I’m Coming Out of Fight or Flight”: A Qualitative Exploration of Challenges and Opportunities for Residents’ Mental Health in Substance Use Recovery Housing

Author: Stewart, Hannah L. N., Wilkerson, J. Michael, Gallardo, Kathryn R., Zoschke, I. Niles, Gillespie, Danielle, Rodriguez, Serena A., and McCurdy, Sheryl A.
Published: 2024
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12. Majorana Demonstrator Data Release for AI/ML Applications

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y. -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Fuad, N., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Quenallata, B., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The enclosed data release consists of a subset of the calibration data from the Majorana Demonstrator experiment. Each Majorana event is accompanied by raw Germanium detector waveforms, pulse shape discrimination cuts, and calibrated final energies, all shared in an HDF5 file format along with relevant metadata. This release is specifically designed to support the training and testing of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms upon our data. This document is structured as follows. Section I provides an overview of the dataset's content and format; Section II outlines the location of this dataset and the method for accessing it; Section III presents the NPML Machine Learning Challenge associated with this dataset; Section IV contains a disclaimer from the Majorana collaboration regarding the use of this dataset; Appendix A contains technical details of this data release. Please direct questions about the material provided within this release to liaobo77@ucsd.edu (A. Li)., Comment: DataPlanet Access: https://dataplanet.ucsd.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=perma:83.ucsddata/UQWQAV
Published: 2023

13. Energy Calibration of Germanium Detectors for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR was a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in the $^{76}$Ge isotope. It was staged at the 4850-foot level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD. The experiment consisted of 58 germanium detectors housed in a low background shield and was calibrated once per week by deploying a $^{228}$Th line source for 1 to 2 hours. The energy scale calibration determination for the detector array was automated using custom analysis tools. We describe the offline procedure for calibration of the Demonstrator germanium detectors, including the simultaneous fitting of multiple spectral peaks, estimation of energy scale uncertainties, and the automation of the calibration procedure.
Published: 2023
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14. Constraints on the decay of $^{180m}$Ta

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Goett, J., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Meijer, W., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Rouyer, A., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Smith-Gandy, T. A., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., Alves, D. S. M., and Ramani, H.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: $^{180m}$Ta is a rare nuclear isomer whose decay has never been observed. Its remarkably long lifetime surpasses the half-lives of all other known $\beta$ and electron capture decays due to the large K-spin differences and small energy differences between the isomeric and lower energy states. Detecting its decay presents a significant experimental challenge but could shed light on neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the nature of dark matter and K-spin violation. For this study, we repurposed the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, an experimental search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge using an array of high-purity germanium detectors, to search for the decay of $^{180m}$Ta. More than 17 kilograms, the largest amount of tantalum metal ever used for such a search was installed within the ultra-low background detector array. In this paper we present results from the first year of Ta data taking and provide an updated limit for the $^{180m}$Ta half-life on the different decay channels. With new limits up to 1.5 x $10^{19}$ years, we improved existing limits by one to two orders of magnitude. This result is the most sensitive search for a single $\beta$ and electron capture decay ever achieved.
Published: 2023
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15. Sociosexual Identity Development and Sexual Risk Taking of Acculturating Collegiate Gay and Bisexual Men

Author: Wilkerson, J. Michael, Brooks, Ann K., and Ross, Michael W.
Published: 2010
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16. Sexual Preferences and Presentation on Geosocial Networking Apps by Indian Men Who Have Sex With Men in Maharashtra

Author: Rhoton, Jayson, Wilkerson, J Michael, Mengle, Shruta, Patankar, Pallav, Rosser, BR Simon, and Ekstrand, Maria L
Subjects: Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundThe affordability of smartphones and improved mobile networks globally has increased the popularity of geosocial networking (GSN) apps (eg, Grindr, Scruff, Planetromeo) as a method for men who have sex with men (MSM) to seek causal sex partners and engage with the queer community. As mobile penetration continues to grow in India, it is important to understand how self-presentation on GSN app is relevant because it offers insight into a population that has not been largely studied. There is very little information about how Indian MSM discuss their sexual preferences and condom preferences and disclose their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status with potential sex partners on Web-based platforms. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe how self-presentation by Indian MSM on GSN apps contributes to sexual preferences, HIV or sexually transmitted infection (STI) disclosure, and if the presentation differs due to proximity to the Greater Mumbai or Thane region. MethodsBetween September 2013 and May 2014, participants were recruited through banner advertisements on gay websites, social media advertisements and posts, and distribution of print materials at outreach events hosted by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and HIV service organizations in Maharashtra, India. Eligible participants self-identified as being MSM or hijra (transgender) women, living in Maharashtra, aged above 18 years, having regular Internet access, and having at least one male sex partner in the previous 90 days. ResultsIndian MSM living inside and outside the Greater Mumbai or Thane region reported an average of 6.7 (SD 11.8) male sex partners in the last 3 months; on average HIV status of the sex partners was disclosed to 2.9 (SD 8.9). The most commonly used websites and GSN apps by MSM living inside Greater Mumbai or Thane region were Planetromeo, Grindr, and Gaydar. Results demonstrated that MSM used smartphones to access GSN apps and stated a preference for both condomless and protected anal sex but did not disclose their HIV status. This low level of HIV disclosure potentially increases risk of HIV or STI transmission; therefore, trends in use should be monitored. ConclusionsOur data helps to fill the gap in understanding how Indian MSM use technology to find casual sex partners, disclose their sexual preference, and their HIV status on Web-based platforms. As mobile penetration in India continues to grow and smartphone use increases, the use of GSN sex-seeking apps by MSM should also increase, potentially increasing the risk of HIV or STI transmission within the app’s closed sexual networks.
Published: 2016
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17. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

Author: Adams, C., Alfonso, K., Andreoiu, C., Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Asaadi, J. A. A., Avignone, F. T., Axani, S. N., Barabash, A. S., Barbeau, P. S., Baudis, L., Bellini, F., Beretta, M., Bhatta, T., Biancacci, V., Biassoni, M., Bossio, E., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brofferio, C., Brown, E., Brugnera, R., Brunner, T., Burlac, N., Caden, E., Calgaro, S., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Capelli, C., Cardani, L., Fernandez, R. Castillo, Cattadori, C. M., Chana, B., Chernyak, D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Church, E., Cirigliano, V., Collister, R., Comellato, T., Dalmasson, J., D'Andrea, V., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Decowski, M. P., Demarteau, M., Peixoto, S. De Meireles, Detwiler, J. A., DeVoe, R. G., Di Domizio, S., Di Marco, N., di Vacri, M. L., Dolinski, M. J., Efremenko, Yu., Elbeltagi, M., Elliott, S. R., Engel, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W. M., Farine, J., Febbraro, M., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Fields, D. E., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Franke, B., Fu, Y., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallacher, D., Gallina, G., Garfagnini, A., Gingras, C., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gold, M., Gornea, R., Grant, C., Gratta, G., Green, M. P., Grinyer, G. F., Gruszko, J., Guan, Y., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Gutierrez, T. D., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Hauptman, J., Heffner, M., Heeger, K. M., Henning, R., Hergert, H., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hodak, R., Holt, J. D., Hoppe, E. W., Horoi, M., Huang, H. Z., Inoue, K., Jamil, A., Jochum, J., Jones, B. J. P., Kaizer, J., Karapetrov, G., Kharusi, S. Al, Kidd, M. F., Kishimoto, Y., Klein, J. R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kontul, I., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Krucken, R., Kumar, K. S., Lang, K., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonhardt, A., Li, A., Li, G., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., Lippi, I., Liu, J., Macko, M., MacLellan, R., Macolino, C., Majidi, S., Mamedov, F., Masbou, J., Massarczyk, R., Mastbaum, A. T., Mayer, D., Mazumdar, A., Mei, D. M., Mei, Y., Meijer, S. J., Mereghetti, E., Mertens, S., Mistry, K., Mitsui, T., Moore, D. C., Morella, M., Nattress, J. T., Neuberger, M., Ngwadla, X. E., Nones, C., Novosad, V., Nygren, D. R., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, O'Donnell, T., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ouellet, J. L., Overman, C., Pagani, L., Palusova, V., Para, A., Pavan, M., Perna, A., Pertoldi, L., Pettus, W., Piepke, A., Piseri, P., Pocar, A., Povinec, P., Psihas, F., Pullia, A., Radford, D. C., Ramonnye, G. J, Rasiwala, H., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Richardson, G., Rielage, K., Rogers, L., Rowson, P. C., Rukhadze, E., Saakyan, R., Sada, C., Salamanna, G., Salamida, F., Saldanha, R., Salvat, D. J., Sangiorgio, S., Schaper, D. C., Schoenert, S., Schwarz, M., Schwartz, S. E., Shitov, Y., Simkovic, F., Singh, V., Slavickova, M., Sousa, A. C., Spadoni, F. L., Speller, D. H., Stekl, I., Sumathi, R. R., Surukuchi, P. T., Tayloe, R., Tornow, W., Torres, J. A., Totev, T. I., Triambak, S., Tyuka, O. A., Vasilyev, S. I., Velazquez, M., Viel, S., Vogl, C., von Strum, K., Wang, Q., Waters, D., Watkins, S. L., Watts, M., Wei, W. -Z., Welliver, B., Wen, Liangjian, Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Winslow, L., Wiseman, C., Wu, X., Xu, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yu, C. H., Zeman, J., Zennamo, J., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This White Paper, prepared for the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos Town Meeting related to the 2023 Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan, makes the case for double beta decay as a critical component of the future nuclear physics program. The major experimental collaborations and many theorists have endorsed this white paper., Comment: white paper submitted for the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos Town Meeting in support of the US Nuclear Physics Long Range Planning Process
Published: 2022

18. Modeling Backgrounds for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author: Haufe, C. R., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is a neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment containing $\sim$30 kg of p-type point contact germanium detectors enriched to 88% in 76Ge and $\sim$14 kg of natural germanium detectors. The detectors are housed in two electroformed copper cryostats and surrounded by a graded passive shield with active muon veto. An extensive radioassay campaign was performed prior to installation to insure the use of ultra-clean materials. The DEMONSTRATOR achieved one of the lowest background rates in the region of the $0\nu\beta\beta$ Q-value, 15.7 $\pm$ 1.4 cts/(FWHM t y) from the low-background configuration spanning most of the 64.5 kg-yr active exposure. Nevertheless this background rate is a factor of five higher than the projected background rate. This discrepancy arises from an excess of events from the 232Th decay chain. Background model fits aim to understand this deviation from assay-based projections, potentially determine the source(s) of observed backgrounds, and allow a precision measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta decay half-life. The fits agree with earlier simulation studies, which indicate the origin of the 232Th excess is not from a near-detector component and have informed design decisions for the next-generation LEGEND experiment. Recent findings have narrowed the suspected locations for the excess activity, motivating a final simulation and assay campaign to complete the background model., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings from the Low Radioactivity Techniques Workshop 2022 in Rapid City, SD, USA
Published: 2022

19. Charge Trapping and Energy Performance of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: P-type point contact (PPC) high-purity germanium detectors are an important technology in astroparticle and nuclear physics due to their superb energy resolution, low noise, and pulse shape discrimination capabilities. Analysis of data from the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, a neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment deploying PPC detectors enriched in $^{76}$Ge, has led to several novel improvements in the analysis of PPC signals. In this work we discuss charge trapping in PPC detectors and its effect on energy resolution. Small dislocations or impurities in the crystal lattice result in trapping of charge carriers from an ionization event of interest, attenuating the signal and degrading the measured energy. We present a modified digital pole-zero correction to the signal energy estimation that counters the effects of charge trapping and improves the energy resolution of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR by approximately 30% to around 2.4 keV FWHM at 2039 keV, the $^{76}$Ge $Q$-value. An alternative approach achieving similar resolution enhancement is also presented., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2022
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20. Interpretable Boosted Decision Tree Analysis for the Majorana Demonstrator

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., and Yu, C. -H.
Subjects: Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Majorana Demonstrator is a leading experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with high purity germanium detectors (HPGe). Machine learning provides a new way to maximize the amount of information provided by these detectors, but the data-driven nature makes it less interpretable compared to traditional analysis. An interpretability study reveals the machine's decision-making logic, allowing us to learn from the machine to feedback to the traditional analysis. In this work, we have presented the first machine learning analysis of the data from the Majorana Demonstrator; this is also the first interpretable machine learning analysis of any germanium detector experiment. Two gradient boosted decision tree models are trained to learn from the data, and a game-theory-based model interpretability study is conducted to understand the origin of the classification power. By learning from data, this analysis recognizes the correlations among reconstruction parameters to further enhance the background rejection performance. By learning from the machine, this analysis reveals the importance of new background categories to reciprocally benefit the standard Majorana analysis. This model is highly compatible with next-generation germanium detector experiments like LEGEND since it can be simultaneously trained on a large number of detectors., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2022
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21. Final Result of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Neutrinoless Double-$\beta$ Decay in $^{76}$Ge

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR searched for neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{76}$Ge using modular arrays of high-purity Ge detectors operated in vacuum cryostats in a low-background shield. The arrays operated with up to 40.4 kg of detectors (27.2 kg enriched to $\sim$88\% in $^{76}$Ge). From these measurements, the DEMONSTRATOR has accumulated 64.5 kg yr of enriched active exposure. With a world-leading energy resolution of 2.52 keV FWHM at the 2039 keV $Q_{\beta\beta}$ (0.12\%), we set a half-life limit of $0\nu\beta\beta$ in $^{76}$Ge at $T_{1/2}>8.3\times10^{25}$ yr (90\% C.L.). This provides a range of upper limits on $m_{\beta\beta}$ of $(113-269)$ meV (90\% C.L.), depending on the choice of nuclear matrix elements., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2022
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22. Search for keV-scale Sterile Neutrinos with first KATRIN Data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this work we present a keV-scale sterile-neutrino search with the first tritium data of the KATRIN experiment, acquired in the commissioning run in 2018. KATRIN performs a spectroscopic measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum with the main goal of directly determining the effective electron anti-neutrino mass. During this commissioning phase a lower tritium activity facilitated the search for sterile neutrinos with a mass of up to $1.6\, \mathrm{keV}$. We do not find a signal and set an exclusion limit on the sterile-to-active mixing amplitude of down to $\sin^2\theta < 5\cdot10^{-4}$ ($95\,\%$ C.L.), improving current laboratory-based bounds in the sterile-neutrino mass range between 0.1 and $1.0\, \mathrm{keV}$.
Published: 2022

23. Search for Lorentz-Invariance Violation with the first KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wickles, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Some extensions of the Standard Model of Particle Physics allow for Lorentz invariance and Charge-Parity-Time (CPT)-invariance violations. In the neutrino sector strong constraints have been set by neutrino-oscillation and time-of-flight experiments. However, some Lorentz-invariance-violating parameters are not accessible via these probes. In this work, we focus on the parameters $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{00}$, $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{10}$ and $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{11}$ which would manifest themselves in a non-isotropic beta-decaying source as a sidereal oscillation and an overall shift of the spectral endpoint. Based on the data of the first scientific run of the KATRIN experiment, we set the first limit on $\left|(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{11}\right|$ of $< 3.7\cdot10^{-6}$ GeV at 90\% confidence level. Moreover, we derive new constraints on $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{00}$ and $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{10}$.
Published: 2022
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24. Exotic dark matter search with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: With excellent energy resolution and ultra-low level radiogenic backgrounds, the high-purity germanium detectors in the Majorana Demonstrator enable searches for several classes of exotic dark matter (DM) models. In this work, we report new experimental limits on keV-scale sterile neutrino DM via the transition magnetic moment from conversion to active neutrinos, $\nu_s \rightarrow \nu_a$. We report new limits on fermionic dark matter absorption ($\chi + A \rightarrow \nu + A$) and sub-GeV DM-nucleus 3$\rightarrow$2 scattering ($\chi + \chi + A \rightarrow \phi + A$), and new exclusion limits for bosonic dark matter (axionlike particles and dark photons). These searches utilize the (1--100)-keV low energy region of a 37.5-kg y exposure collected by the Demonstrator between May 2016 and November 2019, using a set of $^{76}$Ge-enriched detectors whose surface exposure time was carefully controlled, resulting in extremely low levels of cosmogenic activation., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2022
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25. Search for solar axions via axion-photon coupling with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Axions were originally proposed to explain the strong-CP problem in QCD. Through the axion-photon coupling, the Sun could be a major source of axions, which could be measured in solid state detection experiments with enhancements due to coherent Primakoff-Bragg scattering. The Majorana Demonstrator experiment has searched for solar axions with a set of $^{76}$Ge-enriched high purity germanium detectors using a 33 kg-yr exposure collected between Jan. 2017 and Nov. 2019. A temporal-energy analysis gives a new limit on the axion-photon coupling as $g_{a\gamma}<1.45\times 10^{-9}$ GeV$^{-1}$ (95% C.I.) for axions with mass up to 100 eV/$c^2$. This improves laboratory-based limits between about 1 eV/$c^2$ and 100 eV/$c^2$., Comment: Minor updates to match published version
Published: 2022
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26. Experimental study of 13C({\alpha},n)16O reactions in the Majorana Demonstrator calibration data

Author: MAJORANA Collaboration, Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Neutron captures and delayed decays of reaction products are common sources of backgrounds in ultra-rare event searches. In this work, we studied $^{13}$C($\alpha,n)^{16}$O reactions induced by $\alpha$-particles emitted within the calibration sources of the \textsc{Majorana Demonstrator}. These sources are thorium-based calibration standards enclosed in carbon-rich materials. The reaction rate was estimated by using the 6129-keV $\gamma$-rays emitted from the excited $^{16}$O states that are populated when the incoming $\alpha$-particles exceed the reaction Q-value. Thanks to the excellent energy performance of the \textsc{Demonstrator}'s germanium detectors, these characteristic photons can be clearly observed in the calibration data. Facilitated by \textsc{Geant4} simulations, a comparison between the observed 6129-keV photon rates and predictions by a TALYS-based software was performed. The measurements and predictions were found to be consistent, albeit with large statistical uncertainties. This agreement provides support for background projections from ($\alpha,n$)-reactions in future double-beta decay search efforts., Comment: Published version
Published: 2022
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27. KATRIN: Status and Prospects for the Neutrino Mass and Beyond

Author: Aker, M., Balzer, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bombelli, L., Bormann, D., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brofferio, C., Bruch, C., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Cremonesi, O., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fink, D., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grande, A., Grössle, R., Gugiatti, M., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., King, P., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lechner, P., Lehnert, B., Le, T. L., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Manfrin, D., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mazzola, E., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pigliafreddo, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Puritscher, M., Radford, D. C., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R. W. J., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Sedlak, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trigilio, P., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Voigt, P., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, E., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wunderl, L., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to measure a high-precision integral spectrum of the endpoint region of T2 beta decay, with the primary goal of probing the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. After a first tritium commissioning campaign in 2018, the experiment has been regularly running since 2019, and in its first two measurement campaigns has already achieved a sub-eV sensitivity. After 1000 days of data-taking, KATRIN's design sensitivity is 0.2 eV at the 90% confidence level. In this white paper we describe the current status of KATRIN; explore prospects for measuring the neutrino mass and other physics observables, including sterile neutrinos and other beyond-Standard-Model hypotheses; and discuss research-and-development projects that may further improve the KATRIN sensitivity., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. 70 pages excluding references; 35 figures. Author list updated June 2023
Published: 2022
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28. Search for charge nonconservation and Pauli exclusion principle violation with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author: MAJORANA Collaboration, Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Charge conservation and the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) result from fundamental symmetries in the Standard Model, and are typically taken as axiomatic. High-precision tests for small violations of these symmetries could point to new physics. In this work we consider three models for violation of these processes which would produce detectable ionization in the high-purity germanium detectors of the Majorana Demonstrator. Using a 37.5 kg-yr exposure, we report a new lower limit on the electron mean lifetime of $\tau_e > 3.2 \times 10^{25}$ yr (90\% CL), the best result for this decay channel ($e \rightarrow \nu_e \overline{\nu_e} \nu_e$ or more generally $e \rightarrow \mathrm{invisibles}$) in more than two decades. We also present searches for two types of violation of the PEP, setting new limits on the probability of two electrons forming a symmetric quantum state. Using our $^{228}$Th calibration data set, which introduces electrons new to the system through electron-positron pair production, we obtain a world-leading model-independent limit for a terrestrial experiment of $\beta^2/2 < 1.0 \times 10^{-3}$ (99.7\% CL). Our 37.5 kg-yr exposure is also used to search for a process where an electron in an atomic system spontaneously violates the PEP, resulting in a model-dependent upper limit of $\beta^2/2 < 1.0 \times 10^{-48}$ (90\% CL).
Published: 2022
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29. New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on the direct cosmic relic neutrino background search from the first two science runs of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57 keV. The analysis is sensitive to a local relic neutrino overdensity of 9.7e10 (1.1e11) at a 90% (95%) confidence level. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint accounting for relic neutrino captures in the Tritium source reveals no significant overdensity. This work improves the results obtained by the previous kinematic neutrino mass experiments at Los Alamos and Troitsk. We furthermore update the projected final sensitivity of the KATRIN experiment to <1e10 at 90% confidence level, by relying on updated operational conditions., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2022
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30. Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wavefunction Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment comprises a 44 kg (30 kg enriched in $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$) array of $p$-type, point-contact germanium detectors. With its unprecedented energy resolution and ultralow backgrounds, Majorana also searches for rare event signatures from beyond standard model physics in the low energy region below 100 keV. In this Letter, we test the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, one of the mathematically well-motivated wave function collapse models aimed at solving the long-standing unresolved quantum mechanical measurement problem. While the CSL predicts the existence of a detectable radiation signature in the x-ray domain, we find no evidence of such radiation in the 19--100 keV range in a 37.5 kg-y enriched germanium exposure collected between December 31, 2015, and November 27, 2019, with the Demonstrator. We explored both the non-mass-proportional (n-m-p) and the mass-proportional (m-p) versions of the CSL with two different assumptions: that only the quasifree electrons can emit the x-ray radiation and that the nucleus can coherently emit an amplified radiation. In all cases, we set the most stringent upper limit to date for the white CSL model on the collapse rate, $\lambda$, providing a factor of 40--100 improvement in sensitivity over comparable searches. Our limit is the most stringent for large parts of the allowed parameter space. If the result is interpreted in terms of the Di\`osi-Penrose gravitational wave function collapse model, the lower bound with a 95% confidence level is almost an order of magnitude improvement over the previous best limit., Comment: This document was corrected in accordance with the erratum: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.239902. The number presented in the recent version of this article is correct
Published: 2022
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31. Improved eV-scale Sterile-Neutrino Constraints from the Second KATRIN Measurement Campaign

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the results of the light sterile neutrino search from the second KATRIN measurement campaign in 2019. Approaching nominal activity, $3.76 \times 10^6$ tritium $\beta$-electrons are analyzed in an energy window extending down to $40\,$eV below the tritium endpoint at $E_0 = 18.57\,$keV. We consider the $3\nu+1$ framework with three active and one sterile neutrino flavor. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass eigenstate $m_4^2\lesssim1600\,$eV$^2$ and active-to-sterile mixing $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 6 \times 10^{-3}$. As no sterile-neutrino signal was observed, we provide improved exclusion contours on $m_4^2$ and $|U_{e4}|^2$ at $95\,$% C.L. Our results supersede the limits from the Mainz and Troitsk experiments. Furthermore, we are able to exclude the large $\Delta m_{41}^2$ solutions of the reactor antineutrino and gallium anomalies to a great extent. The latter has recently been reaffirmed by the BEST collaboration and could be explained by a sterile neutrino with large mixing. While the remaining solutions at small $\Delta m_{41}^2$ are mostly excluded by short-baseline reactor experiments, KATRIN is the only ongoing laboratory experiment to be sensitive to relevant solutions at large $\Delta m_{41}^2$ through a robust spectral shape analysis., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2022
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32. A Search for Electron Neutrino Transitions to Sterile States in the BEST Experiment

Author: Barinov, V. V., Cleveland, B. T., Danshin, S. N., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Frekers, D., Gavrin, V. N., Gorbachev, V. V., Gorbunov, D. S., Haxton, W. C., Ibragimova, T. V., Kim, I., Kozlova, Yu. P., Kravchuk, L. V., Kuzminov, V. V., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Malyshkin, Yu. M., Massarczyk, R., Matveev, V. A., Mirmov, I. N., Nico, J. S., Petelin, A. L., Robertson, R. G. H., Sinclair, D., Shikhin, A. A., Tarasov, V. A., Trubnikov, G. V., Veretenkin, E. P., Wilkerson, J. F., and Zvir, A. I.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) probes the gallium anomaly and its possible connections to oscillations between active and sterile neutrinos. Based on the Gallium-Germanium Neutrino Telescope (GGNT) technology of the SAGE experiment, BEST employs two zones of liquid Ga target to explore neutrino oscillations on the meter scale. Oscillations on this short scale could produce deficits in the $^{71}$Ge production rates within the two zones, as well as a possible rate difference between the zones. From July 5th to October 13th 2019, the two-zone target was exposed to a primarily monoenergetic, 3.4-MCi $^{51}$Cr neutrino source 10 times for a total of 20 independent $^{71}$Ge extractions from the two Ga targets. The $^{71}$Ge production rates from the neutrino source were measured from July 2019 to March 2020. At the end of these measurements, the counters were filled with $^{71}$Ge doped gas and calibrated during November 2020. In this paper, results from the BEST sterile neutrino oscillation experiment are presented in details. The ratio of the measured $^{71}$Ge production rates to the predicted rates for the inner and the outer target volumes are calculated from the known neutrino capture cross section. Comparable deficits in the measured ratios relative to predicted values are found for both zones, with the $4 \sigma$ deviations from unity consistent with the previously reported gallium anomaly. If interpreted in the context of neutrino oscillations, the deficits give best fit oscillation parameters of $\Delta m^2=3.3^{+\infty}_{-2.3}$ eV$^2$ and sin$^2 2\theta=0.42^{+0.15}_{-0.17}$, consistent with $\nu_e \rightarrow \nu_s$ oscillations governed by a surprisingly large mixing angle.
Published: 2022
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33. The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Readout Electronics System

Author: Abgrall, N., Amman, M., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Bertrand, F. E., Bhimani, K. H., Bos, B., Bradley, A. W., Burritt, T. H., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cooper, R. J., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Li, A., Loach, J. C., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Luke, P. N., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Peterson, D., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Robertson, R. G. H., Ruof, N. W., Sayki, B., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Turqueti, M., Van Wechel, T. D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Vetter, K., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yaver, H., Yu, C. -H., Zhu, B. X., and Zimmermann, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR comprises two arrays of high-purity germanium detectors constructed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76-Ge and other physics beyond the Standard Model. Its readout electronics were designed to have low electronic noise, and radioactive backgrounds were minimized by using low-mass components and low-radioactivity materials near the detectors. This paper provides a description of all components of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR readout electronics, spanning the front-end electronics and internal cabling, back-end electronics, digitizer, and power supplies, along with the grounding scheme. The spectroscopic performance achieved with these readout electronics is also demonstrated., Comment: For submission to JINST, 17 figures. v2: revised version
Published: 2021
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34. Signatures of muonic activation in the Majorana Demonstrator

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Edwards, T. R., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Experiments searching for very rare processes such as neutrinoless double-beta decay require a detailed understanding of all sources of background. Signals from radioactive impurities present in construction and detector materials can be suppressed using a number of well-understood techniques. Background from in-situ cosmogenic interactions can be reduced by siting an experiment deep underground. However, the next generation of such experiments have unprecedented sensitivity goals of 10$^{28}$ years half-life with background rates of 10$^{-5}$cts/(keV kg yr) in the region of interest. To achieve these goals, the remaining cosmogenic background must be well understood. In the work presented here, Majorana Demonstrator data is used to search for decay signatures of meta-stable germanium isotopes. Contributions to the region of interest in energy and time are estimated using simulations, and compared to Demonstrator data. Correlated time-delayed signals are used to identify decay signatures of isotopes produced in the germanium detectors. A good agreement between expected and measured rate is found and different simulation frameworks are used to estimate the uncertainties of the predictions. The simulation campaign is then extended to characterize the background for the LEGEND experiment, a proposed tonne-scale effort searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2021
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35. Results from the Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST)

Author: Barinov, V. V., Cleveland, B. T., Danshin, S. N., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Frekers, D., Gavrin, V. N., Gorbachev, V. V., Gorbunov, D. S., Haxton, W. C., Ibragimova, T. V., Kim, I., Kozlova, Yu. P., Kravchuk, L. V., Kuzminov, V. V., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Malyshkin, Yu. M., Massarczyk, R., Matveev, V. A., Mirmov, I. N., Nico, J. S., Petelin, A. L., Robertson, R. G. H., Sinclair, D., Shikhin, A. A., Tarasov, V. A., Trubnikov, G. V., Veretenkin, E. P., Wilkerson, J. F., and Zvir, A. I.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) was designed to investigate the deficit of electron neutrinos, $\nu_{e}$, observed in previous gallium-based radiochemical measurements with high-intensity neutrino sources, commonly referred to as the \textit{gallium anomaly}, which could be interpreted as evidence for oscillations between $\nu_e$ and sterile neutrino ($\nu_s$) states. A 3.414-MCi \nuc{51}{Cr} $\nu_e$ source was placed at the center of two nested Ga volumes and measurements were made of the production of \nuc{71}{Ge} through the charged current reaction, \nuc{71}{Ga}($\nu_e$,e$^-$)\nuc{71}{Ge}, at two average distances. The measured production rates for the inner and the outer targets respectively are ($54.9^{+2.5}_{-2.4}(\mbox{stat})\pm1.4 (\mbox{syst})$) and ($55.6^{+2.7}_{-2.6}(\mbox{stat})\pm1.4 (\mbox{syst})$) atoms of \nuc{71}{Ge}/d. The ratio ($R$) of the measured rate of \nuc{71}{Ge} production at each distance to the expected rate from the known cross section and experimental efficiencies are $R_{in}=0.79\pm0.05$ and $R_{out}= 0.77\pm0.05$. The ratio of the outer to the inner result is 0.97$\pm$0.07, which is consistent with unity within uncertainty. The rates at each distance were found to be similar, but 20-24\% lower than expected, thus reaffirming the anomaly. These results are consistent with $\nu_e \rightarrow \nu_s$ oscillations with a relatively large $\Delta m^2$ ($>$0.5 eV$^2$) and mixing sin$^2 2\theta$ ($\approx$0.4)., Comment: Paper updated to final version
Published: 2021
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36. LEGEND-1000 Preconceptual Design Report

Author: LEGEND Collaboration, Abgrall, N., Abt, I., Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Andreoiu, C., Araujo, G. R., Avignone III, F. T., Bae, W., Bakalyarov, A., Balata, M., Bantel, M., Barabanov, I., Barabash, A. S., Barbeau, P. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Bernieri, E., Bezrukov, L., Bhimani, K. H., Biancacci, V., Blalock, E., Bolozdynya, A., Borden, S., Bos, B., Bossio, E., Boston, A., Bothe, V., Bouabid, R., Boyd, S., Brugnera, R., Burlac, N., Busch, M., Caldwell, A., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R., Cattadori, C., Chan, Y. -D., Chernogorov, A., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M., Cohen, T., Combs, D., Comellato, T., Cooper, R. J., Costa, I. A., D'Andrea, V., Detwiler, J. A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marco, N., Dobson, J., Drobizhev, A., Durand, M. R., Edzards, F., Efremenko, Yu., Elliott, S. R., Engelhardt, A., Fajt, L., Faud, N., Febbraro, M. T., Ferella, F., Fields, D. E., Fischer, F., Fomina, M., Fox, H., Franchi, J., Gala, R., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Geraci, A., Gilbert, C., Gold, M., Gooch, C., Gradwohl, K. P., Green, M. P., Grinyer, G. F., Grobov, A., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I., Guiseppe, V. E., Gurentsov, V., Gurov, Y., Gusev, K., Hacket, B., Hagemann, F., Hakenmüeller, J., Haranczyk, M., Hauertmann, L., Haufe, C. R., Hayward, C., Heffron, B., Henkes, F., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hinton, J., Hodak, R., Hoffmann, H., Hofmann, W., Hostiuc, A., Huang, J., Hult, M., Mirza, M. Ibrahim, Jochum, J., Jones, R., Judson, D., Junker, M., Kaizer, J., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kidd, M., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kim, I., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Konovalov, S. I., Kontul, I., Kool, K., Kormos, L. L., Kornoukhov, V. N., Korosec, M., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., López-Castaño, J. M., Lang, K., Laubenstein, M., León, E., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Li, A., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Liu, X., Liu, J., Loomba, D., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lusardi, N., Müller, Y., Macko, M., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Mamedov, F., Maneschg, W., Manzanillas, L., Marshall, G., Martin, R. D., Martin, E. L., Massarczyk, R., Mei, D., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Misiaszek, M., Mondragon, E., Morella, M., Morgan, B., Mroz, T., Muenstermann, D., Nave, C. J., Nemchenok, I., Neuberger, M., Oli, T. K., Gann, G. Orebi, Othman, G., Palušova, V., Panth, R., Papp, L., Paudel, L. S., Pelczar, K., Perez, J. Perez, Pertoldi, L., Pettus, W., Piseri, P., Poon, A. W. P., Povinec, P., Pullia, A., Radford, D. C., Ramachers, Y. A., Ransom, C., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Reine, A. L., Riboldi, S., Rielage, K., Rozov, S., Rukhadze, E., Rumyantseva, N., Runge, J., Ruof, N. W., Saakyan, R., Sailer, S., Salamanna, G., Salamida, F., Salvat, D. J., Sandukovsky, V., Schönert, S., Schültz, A., Schütt, M., Schaper, D. C., Schreiner, J., Schulz, O., Schuster, M., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shafiee, M., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shitov, Y., Simgen, H., Simkovic, F., Skorokhvatov, M., Slavickova, M., Smolek, K., Smolnikov, A., Solomon, J. A., Song, G., Starosta, K., Stekl, I., Stommel, M., Stukov, D., Sumathi, R. R., Sweigart, D. A., Szczepaniec, K., Taffarello, L., Tagnani, D., Tayloe, R., Tedeschi, D., Turqueti, M., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Veresnikova, A., Vetter, K., Vignoli, C., Vogl, C., von Sturm, K., Waters, D., Waters, J. C., Wei, W., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Willers, M., Wiseman, C., Wojcik, M., Wu, V. H. -S., Xu, W., Yakushev, E., Ye, T., Yu, C. -H., Yumatov, V., Zaretski, N., Zeman, J., Zhitnikov, I., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A. -K., Zsigmond, A. J., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We propose the construction of LEGEND-1000, the ton-scale Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ Decay. This international experiment is designed to answer one of the highest priority questions in fundamental physics. It consists of 1000 kg of Ge detectors enriched to more than 90% in the $^{76}$Ge isotope operated in a liquid argon active shield at a deep underground laboratory. By combining the lowest background levels with the best energy resolution in the field, LEGEND-1000 will perform a quasi-background-free search and can make an unambiguous discovery of neutrinoless double-beta decay with just a handful of counts at the decay $Q$ value. The experiment is designed to probe this decay with a 99.7%-CL discovery sensitivity in the $^{76}$Ge half-life of $1.3\times10^{28}$ years, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass upper limit in the range of 9-21 meV, to cover the inverted-ordering neutrino mass scale with 10 yr of live time.
Published: 2021

37. First direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-eV sensitivity

Author: Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Gupta, V., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the results of the second measurement campaign of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. KATRIN probes the effective electron anti-neutrino mass, $m_{\nu}$, via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum close to its endpoint at $18.6\,\mathrm{keV}$. In the second physics run presented here, the source activity was increased by a factor of 3.8 and the background was reduced by $25\,\%$ with respect to the first campaign. A sensitivity on $m_{\nu}$ of $0.7\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ at $90\,\%$ confidence level (CL) was reached. This is the first sub-eV sensitivity from a direct neutrino-mass experiment. The best fit to the spectral data yields $m_{\nu}^2 = (0.26\pm0.34)\,\mathrm{eV^4/c^4}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_{\nu}<0.9\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ ($90\,\%$ CL). By combining this result with the first neutrino mass campaign, we find an upper limit of $m_{\nu}<0.8\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ ($90\,\%$ CL)., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2021

38. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Miniawy, A. El, Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Le, T. L., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Meier, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwachtgen, C., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $m_\nu$ of 0.2$\,$eV/c$^2$ (90% CL). For this purpose, the $\beta$-electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6$\,$keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $\beta$-electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the \linebreak energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% T$_2$ gas mixture at 30$\,$K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino mass analyses, as well as a D$_2$ gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $\sigma(m_\nu^2)<10^{-2}\,\mathrm{eV}^2$ [arXiv:2101.05253] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level., Comment: 12 figures, 18 pages; to be submitted to EPJ C
Published: 2021
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39. The Design, Construction, and Commissioning of the KATRIN Experiment

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Amsbaugh, J. F., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Bast, J., Bauer, S., Bechtler, H., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bender, B., Berendes, R., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bettin, C., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bohn, J., Bokeloh, K., Bolz, H., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Bouquet, H., Boyd, N. M., Brunst, T., Burritt, T. H., Caldwell, T. S., Chaoui, Z., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Cox, G. A., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eichelhardt, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frenzel, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gehring, R., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Grimm, J., Grohmann, S., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Häßler, D., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Harper, G. C., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Held, M., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzmann, S., Horn, S., Hötzel, M., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., James, T., Jansen, A., Kaiser, M., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Klein, M., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Kumb, A., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M. L., Lehnert, B., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Lewis, R. J., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mehret, K., Meloni, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Monreal, B., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Myers, A. W., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Parno, D. S., Peterson, D. A., Plischke, P., Poon, A. W. P., Prall, M., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Reich, J., Renschler, P., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rupp, S., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Sagawe, M., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Van Wechel, T. D., Vénos, D., Verbeek, A., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Vogt, K., Wall, B. L., Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weingardt, H., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadoroghny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/270060419] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [arXiv:1909.06048]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns., Comment: Added missing acknowledgement, corrected performance statement in chapter 4.2.5, updated author list and references
Published: 2021
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40. The peer to career pipeline: An observational study of peer worker trainee characteristics and training completion likelihood

Author: Castedo de Martell, Sierra, Wilkerson, J. Michael, Howell, Jason, Brown, H. Shelton, III, Ranjit, Nalini, Holleran Steiker, Lori, and McCurdy, Sheryl A.
Published: 2024
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41. “Being here is saving my life”: Resident experiences of living in recovery residences for people taking medication for an opioid use disorder

Author: Gallardo, Kathryn R., Wilkerson, J. Michael, Stewart, Hannah L.N., Zoschke, I. Niles, Fredriksen Isaacs, Cameron, and McCurdy, Sheryl A.
Published: 2024
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42. The accuracy of anal self- and companion exams among sexual minority men and transgender women: a prospective analysis

Author: Nyitray, Alan G., McAuliffe, Timothy L., Liebert, Cameron, Swartz, Michael D., Deshmukh, Ashish A., Chiao, Elizabeth Y., Weaver, Lou, Almirol, Ellen, Kerman, Jared, Schneider, John A., Wilkerson, J. Michael, Hwang, Lu-Yu, Smith, Derek, and Hazra, Aniruddha
Published: 2024
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43. Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Barrero, D. Díaz, Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Köllenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Müller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Vénos, D., Valerius, K., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the data set, data handling, and detailed analysis techniques of the first neutrino-mass measurement by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which probes the absolute neutrino-mass scale via the $\beta$-decay kinematics of molecular tritium. The source is highly pure, cryogenic T$_2$ gas. The $\beta$ electrons are guided along magnetic field lines toward a high-resolution, integrating spectrometer for energy analysis. A silicon detector counts $\beta$ electrons above the energy threshold of the spectrometer, so that a scan of the thresholds produces a precise measurement of the high-energy spectral tail. After detailed theoretical studies, simulations, and commissioning measurements, extending from the molecular final-state distribution to inelastic scattering in the source to subtleties of the electromagnetic fields, our independent, blind analyses allow us to set an upper limit of 1.1 eV on the neutrino-mass scale at a 90\% confidence level. This first result, based on a few weeks of running at a reduced source intensity and dominated by statistical uncertainty, improves on prior limits by nearly a factor of two. This result establishes an analysis framework for future KATRIN measurements, and provides important input to both particle theory and cosmology., Comment: 36 pages with 26 figures. Accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2021
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44. Bound on 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing from the first four-week science run of KATRIN

Author: Aker, M., Altenmueller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Boettcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Barrero, D. Diaz, Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, M. Fedkevych A., Formaggio, J. A., Fraenkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glueck, F., Groessle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hoehn, T., Hannen, V., Haussmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Koellenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalik, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Guennic, N. Le, Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Mueller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Roellig, M., Roettele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rysavy, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller, A., Schaefer, P., Schimpf, L., Schloesser, M., Schloesser, K., Schlueter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Sefcik, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezak, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thuemmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Venos, D., Valerius, K., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Wuestling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in~2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino of mass $m_{4}$. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass state $m^2_{4} \lesssim$ 1000 eV$^2$ and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 2\cdot10^{-2}$. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results and improve the Troitsk bound for $m^2_{4} <$ 30 eV$^2$. The reactor and gallium anomalies are constrained for $ 100 < \Delta{m}^2_{41} < 1000$ eV$^2$., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2020
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45. The Majorana Demonstrator's Search for Double-Beta Decay of $^{76}$Ge to Excited States of $^{76}$Se

Author: Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwards, T. R., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Saykı, B., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Majorana Demonstrator is a neutrinoless double-beta decay search consisting of a low-background modular array of high-purity germanium detectors, $\sim2/3$ of which are enriched to 88\% in $^{76}$Ge. The experiment is also searching for double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge to excited states (e.s.) in $^{76}$Se. $^{76}$Ge can decay into three daughter states of $^{76}$Se, with clear event signatures consisting of a $\beta\beta$-decay followed by the prompt emission of one or two $\gamma$-rays. This results with high probability in multi-detector coincidences. The granularity of the Demonstrator detector array enables powerful discrimination of this event signature from backgrounds. Using 41.9~kg-y of isotopic exposure, the Demonstrator has set world leading limits for each e.s.\ decay of $^{76}$Ge, with 90\% CL lower half-life limits in the range of $(0.75-4.0)\times10^{24}$~y. In particular, for the $2\nu$ transition to the first $0^+$ e.s.\ of $^{76}$Se, a lower half-life limit of $7.5\times10^{23}$~y at 90\% CL was achieved., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2020
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46. Search for $hep$ solar neutrinos and the diffuse supernova neutrino background using all three phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author: Aharmim, B., Ahmed, S. N., Anthony, A. E., Barros, N., Beier, E. W., Bellerive, A., Beltran, B., Bergevin, M., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boudjemline, K., Boulay, M. G., Cai, B., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chan, Y. D., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Cleveland, B. T., Cox, G. A., Dai, X., Deng, H., Descamps, F. B., Detwiler, J. A., Doe, P. J., Doucas, G., Drouin, P. -L., Dunford, M., Elliott, S. R., Evans, H. C., Ewan, G. T., Farine, J., Fergani, H., Fleurot, F., Ford, R. J., Formaggio, J. A., Gagnon, N., Gilje, K., Goon, J. TM., Graham, K., Guillian, E., Habib, S., Hahn, R. L., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, E. D., Harvey, P. J., Hazama, R., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hime, A., Howard, C., Huang, M., Jagam, P., Jamieson, B., Jelley, N. A., Jerkins, M., Keeter, K. J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Kos, M., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Krüger, A., Kutter, T., Kyba, C. C. M., Labe, K., Land, B. J., Lange, R., LaTorre, A., Law, J., Lawson, I. T., Lesko, K. T., Leslie, J. R., Levine, I., Loach, J. C., MacLellan, R., Majerus, S., Mak, H. B., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McGee, S. R., Miller, M. L., Monreal, B., Monroe, J., Nickel, B. G., Noble, A. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Oblath, N. S., Okada, C. E., Ollerhead, R. W., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Oser, S. M., Ott, R. A., Peeters, S. J. M., Poon, A. W. P., Prior, G., Reitzner, S. D., Rielage, K., Robertson, B. C., Robertson, R. G. H., Schwendener, M. H., Secrest, J. A., Seibert, S. R., Simard, O., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Sonley, T. J., Stonehill, L. C., Tešić, G., Tolich, N., Tsui, T., Van Berg, R., VanDevender, B. A., Virtue, C. J., Wall, B. L., Waller, D., Tseung, H. Wan Chan, Wark, D. L., Wendland, J., West, N., Wilkerson, J. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T., Wright, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, F., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: A search has been performed for neutrinos from two sources, the $hep$ reaction in the solar $pp$ fusion chain and the $\nu_e$ component of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), using the full dataset of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with a total exposure of 2.47 kton-years after fiducialization. The $hep$ search is performed using both a single-bin counting analysis and a likelihood fit. We find a best-fit flux that is compatible with solar model predictions while remaining consistent with zero flux, and set a one-sided upper limit of $\Phi_{hep} < 30\times10^{3}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}~\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ [90% credible interval (CI)]. No events are observed in the DSNB search region, and we set an improved upper bound on the $\nu_e$ component of the DSNB flux of $\Phi^\mathrm{DSNB}_{\nu_e} < 19~\textrm{cm}^{-2}~\textrm{s}^{-1}$ (90% CI) in the energy range $22.9 < E_\nu < 36.9$~MeV., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2020
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47. $\alpha$-event Characterization and Rejection in Point-Contact HPGe Detectors

Author: The MAJORANA Collaboration, Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwards, T. R., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Saykı, B., Schönert, S., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Willers, M., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: P-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We have characterized a PPC detector's response to $\alpha$ particles incident on the sensitive passivated and p+ surfaces, a previously poorly-understood source of background. The detector studied is identical to those in the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR experiment, a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{76}$Ge. $\alpha$ decays on most of the passivated surface exhibit significant energy loss due to charge trapping, with waveforms exhibiting a delayed charge recovery (DCR) signature caused by the slow collection of a fraction of the trapped charge. The DCR is found to be complementary to existing methods of $\alpha$ identification, reliably identifying $\alpha$ background events on the passivated surface of the detector. We demonstrate effective rejection of all surface $\alpha$ events (to within statistical uncertainty) with a loss of only 0.2% of bulk events by combining the DCR discriminator with previously-used methods. The DCR discriminator has been used to reduce the background rate in the $0\nu\beta\beta$ region of interest window by an order of magnitude in the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, and will be used in the upcoming LEGEND-200 experiment., Comment: Accepted for publication in European Journal of Physics C
Published: 2020
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48. ADC Nonlinearity Correction for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author: Abgrall, N., Allmond, J. M., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Campbell, C. M., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Crawford, H. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., White, B. R., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., Zhu, B. X., and Shanks, B.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Imperfections in analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) cannot be ignored when signal digitization requirements demand both wide dynamic range and high resolution, as is the case for the Majorana Demonstrator 76Ge neutrinoless double beta decay search. Enabling the experiment's high-resolution spectral analysis and efficient pulse shape discrimination required careful measurement and correction of ADC nonlinearites. A simple measurement protocol was developed that did not require sophisticated equipment or lengthy data taking campaigns. A slope-dependent hysteresis was observed and characterized. A correction applied to digitized waveforms prior to signal processing reduced the differential and integral nonlinearites by an order of magnitude, eliminating these as dominant contributions to the systematic energy uncertainty at the double-beta decay Q value.
Published: 2020
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49. Correlates of human papillomavirus vaccination intent for oropharyngeal cancer prevention among gay and bisexual men living in the United States

Author: Stull, Cynthia, Bennis, Sarah L., Rosser, B. R. Simon, Wilkerson, J. Michael, Zoschke, I. Niles, Jiang, Ziou, Nyitray, Alan G., Khariwala, Samir S., and Ross, Michael W.
Published: 2024
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50. Sexual Behavior and Perceived Risk for Oropharyngeal Cancer Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Psychometric Scale Validation

Author: Bennis, Sarah L., Rohloff, Corissa T., Zhang, Ziwei, Kohli, Nidhi, Zoschke, I. Niles, Rosser, B.R. Simon, Nyitray, Alan G., Wilkerson, J. Michael, Stull, Cynthia L., Khariwala, Samir S., and Ross, Michael W.
Published: 2024
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