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1. Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Author

Clem, Kyle R, Adusumilli, Susheel, Baiman, Rebecca, Banwell, Alison F, Barreira, Sandra, Beadling, Rebecca L, Bozkurt, Deniz, Colwell, Steve, Coy, Lawrence, Datta, Rajashree T, De Laat, Jos, du Plessis, Marcel, Dunmire, Devon, Fogt, Ryan L, Freeman, Natalie M, Fricker, Helen A, Gardner, Alex S, Gille, Sarah T, Johnson, Bryan, Josey, Simon A, Keller, Linda M, Kramarova, Natalya A, Lazzara, Matthew A, Lieser, Jan L, MacFerrin, Michael, MacGilchrist, Graeme A, MacLennan, Michelle L, Massom, Robert A, Mazloff, Matthew R, Mikolajczyk, David E, Mote, Thomas L, Nash, Eric R, Newman, Paul A, Norton, Taylor, Ochwat, Naomi, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezzi, Luciano P, Pitts, Michael, Raphael, Marilyn N, Reid, Phillip, Santee, Michelle L, Santini, Marcelo, Scambos, Theodore, Schultz, Cristina, Shi, Jia-Rui, Souza, Everaldo, Stammerjohn, Sharon, Strahan, Susan E, Thompson, Andrew F, Trusel, Luke D, Wille, Jonathan D, Yin, Ziqi, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V, Haley, Bridgette O, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B, and Veasey, Sara W

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Change Science, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Published
2023

4. Record-high Antarctic Peninsula temperatures and surface melt in February 2022: a compound event with an intense atmospheric river

Author

Gorodetskaya, Irina V., Durán-Alarcón, Claudio, González-Herrero, Sergi, Clem, Kyle R., Zou, Xun, Rowe, Penny, Rodriguez Imazio, Paola, Campos, Diego, Leroy-Dos Santos, Christophe, Dutrievoz, Niels, Wille, Jonathan D., Chyhareva, Anastasiia, Favier, Vincent, Blanchet, Juliette, Pohl, Benjamin, Cordero, Raul R., Park, Sang-Jong, Colwell, Steve, Lazzara, Matthew A., Carrasco, Jorge, Gulisano, Adriana Maria, Krakovska, Svitlana, Ralph, F. Martin, Dethinne, Thomas, and Picard, Ghislain

Published
2023
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9. January 2016 extensive summer melt in West Antarctica favoured by strong El Niño

Author

Nicolas, Julien P, Vogelmann, Andrew M, Scott, Ryan C, Wilson, Aaron B, Cadeddu, Maria P, Bromwich, David H, Verlinde, Johannes, Lubin, Dan, Russell, Lynn M, Jenkinson, Colin, Powers, Heath H, Ryczek, Maciej, Stone, Gregory, and Wille, Jonathan D

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Oceanography, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Climate Change Science, Life Below Water, Climate Action
Abstract

Over the past two decades the primary driver of mass loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) has been warm ocean water underneath coastal ice shelves, not a warmer atmosphere. Yet, surface melt occurs sporadically over low-lying areas of the WAIS and is not fully understood. Here we report on an episode of extensive and prolonged surface melting observed in the Ross Sea sector of the WAIS in January 2016. A comprehensive cloud and radiation experiment at the WAIS ice divide, downwind of the melt region, provided detailed insight into the physical processes at play during the event. The unusual extent and duration of the melting are linked to strong and sustained advection of warm marine air toward the area, likely favoured by the concurrent strong El Niño event. The increase in the number of extreme El Niño events projected for the twenty-first century could expose the WAIS to more frequent major melt events.

Published
2017

10. The Extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica 'Heat' Wave. Part I: Observations and Meteorological Drivers

Author

Wille, Jonathan D., Alexander, Simon P., Amory, Charles, Baiman, Rebecca, Barthélemy, Léonard, Bergstrom, Dana M., Berne, Alexis, Binder, Hanin, Blanchet, Juliette, Bozkurt, Deniz, Bracegirdle, Thomas J., Casado, Mathieu, Choi, Taejin, Clem, Kyle R., Codron, Francis, Datta, Rajashree, Di Battista, Stefano, Favier, Vincent, Francis, Diana, Fraser, Alexander D., Fourré, Elise, Garreaud, René D., Genthon, Christophe, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., González-Herrero, Sergi, Heinrich, Victoria J., Hubert, Guillaume, Joos, Hanna, Kim, Seong-Joong, King, John C., Kittel, Christoph, Landais, Amaelle, Lazzara, Matthew, Leonard, Gregory H., Lieser, Jan L., Maclennan, Michelle, Mikolajczyk, David, Neff, Peter, Ollivier, Inès, Sprenger, Michael, Trusel, Luke, Udy, Danielle, Vance, Tessa, Vignon, Étienne, Walker, Catherine, Weaver, Nander, Zou, Xun, Wille, Jonathan D., Alexander, Simon P., Amory, Charles, Baiman, Rebecca, Barthélemy, Léonard, Bergstrom, Dana M., Berne, Alexis, Binder, Hanin, Blanchet, Juliette, Bozkurt, Deniz, Bracegirdle, Thomas J., Casado, Mathieu, Choi, Taejin, Clem, Kyle R., Codron, Francis, Datta, Rajashree, Di Battista, Stefano, Favier, Vincent, Francis, Diana, Fraser, Alexander D., Fourré, Elise, Garreaud, René D., Genthon, Christophe, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., González-Herrero, Sergi, Heinrich, Victoria J., Hubert, Guillaume, Joos, Hanna, Kim, Seong-Joong, King, John C., Kittel, Christoph, Landais, Amaelle, Lazzara, Matthew, Leonard, Gregory H., Lieser, Jan L., Maclennan, Michelle, Mikolajczyk, David, Neff, Peter, Ollivier, Inès, Sprenger, Michael, Trusel, Luke, Udy, Danielle, Vance, Tessa, Vignon, Étienne, Walker, Catherine, Weaver, Nander, and Zou, Xun

Abstract

Between 15 and 19 March 2022, East Antarctica experienced an exceptional heat wave with widespread 30°–40°C temperature anomalies across the ice sheet. This record-shattering event saw numerous monthly temperature records being broken including a new all-time temperature record of −9.4°C on 18 March at Concordia Station despite March typically being a transition month to the Antarctic coreless winter. The driver for these temperature extremes was an intense atmospheric river advecting subtropical/midlatitude heat and moisture deep into the Antarctic interior. The scope of the temperature records spurred a large, diverse collaborative effort to study the heat wave’s meteorological drivers, impacts, and historical climate context. Here we focus on describing those temperature records along with the intricate meteorological drivers that led to the most intense atmospheric river observed over East Antarctica. These efforts describe the Rossby wave activity forced from intense tropical convection over the Indian Ocean. This led to an atmospheric river and warm conveyor belt intensification near the coastline, which reinforced atmospheric blocking deep into East Antarctica. The resulting moisture flux and upper-level warm-air advection eroded the typical surface temperature inversions over the ice sheet. At the peak of the heat wave, an area of 3.3 million km2 in East Antarctica exceeded previous March monthly temperature records. Despite a temperature anomaly return time of about 100 years, a closer recurrence of such an event is possible under future climate projections. In Part II we describe the various impacts this extreme event had on the East Antarctic cryosphere.

Published
2024

11. The Extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica 'Heat' Wave. Part II: Impacts on the Antarctic Ice Sheet

Author

Wille, Jonathan D., Alexander, Simon P., Amory, Charles, Baiman, Rebecca, Barthélemy, Léonard, Bergstrom, Dana M., Berne, Alexis, Binder, Hanin, Blanchet, Juliette, Bozkurt, Deniz, Bracegirdle, Thomas J., Casado, Mathieu, Choi, Taejin, Clem, Kyle R., Codron, Francis, Datta, Rajashree, Di Battista, Stefano, Favier, Vincent, Francis, Diana, Fraser, Alexander D., Fourré, Elise, Garreaud, René D., Genthon, Christophe, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., González-Herrero, Sergi, Heinrich, Victoria J., Hubert, Guillaume, Joos, Hanna, Kim, Seong-Joong, King, John C., Kittel, Christoph, Landais, Amaelle, Lazzara, Matthew, Leonard, Gregory H., Lieser, Jan L., Maclennan, Michelle, Mikolajczyk, David, Neff, Peter, Ollivier, Inès, Sprenger, Michael, Trusel, Luke, Udy, Danielle, Vance, Tessa, Vignon, Étienne, Walker, Catherine, Wever, Nander, Zou, Xun, Wille, Jonathan D., Alexander, Simon P., Amory, Charles, Baiman, Rebecca, Barthélemy, Léonard, Bergstrom, Dana M., Berne, Alexis, Binder, Hanin, Blanchet, Juliette, Bozkurt, Deniz, Bracegirdle, Thomas J., Casado, Mathieu, Choi, Taejin, Clem, Kyle R., Codron, Francis, Datta, Rajashree, Di Battista, Stefano, Favier, Vincent, Francis, Diana, Fraser, Alexander D., Fourré, Elise, Garreaud, René D., Genthon, Christophe, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., González-Herrero, Sergi, Heinrich, Victoria J., Hubert, Guillaume, Joos, Hanna, Kim, Seong-Joong, King, John C., Kittel, Christoph, Landais, Amaelle, Lazzara, Matthew, Leonard, Gregory H., Lieser, Jan L., Maclennan, Michelle, Mikolajczyk, David, Neff, Peter, Ollivier, Inès, Sprenger, Michael, Trusel, Luke, Udy, Danielle, Vance, Tessa, Vignon, Étienne, Walker, Catherine, Wever, Nander, and Zou, Xun

Abstract

Between 15 and 19 March 2022, East Antarctica experienced an exceptional heat wave with widespread 30°–40°C temperature anomalies across the ice sheet. In Part I, we assessed the meteorological drivers that generated an intense atmospheric river (AR) that caused these record-shattering temperature anomalies. Here, we continue our large collaborative study by analyzing the widespread and diverse impacts driven by the AR landfall. These impacts included widespread rain and surface melt that was recorded along coastal areas, but this was outweighed by widespread high snowfall accumulations resulting in a largely positive surface mass balance contribution to the East Antarctic region. An analysis of the surface energy budget indicated that widespread downward longwave radiation anomalies caused by large cloud-liquid water contents along with some scattered solar radiation produced intense surface warming. Isotope measurements of the moisture were highly elevated, likely imprinting a strong signal for past climate reconstructions. The AR event attenuated cosmic ray measurements at Concordia, something previously never observed. Last, an extratropical cyclone west of the AR landfall likely triggered the final collapse of the critically unstable Conger Ice Shelf while further reducing an already record low sea ice extent.

Published
2024

12. Author Correction: Increasing extreme melt in northeast Greenland linked to foehn winds and atmospheric rivers (Nature Communications, (2023), 14, 1, (1743), 10.1038/s41467-023-37434-8)

Author

Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Mattingly, Kyle S., Turton, Jenny V., Wille, Jonathan D., Noël, Brice, Fettweis, Xavier, Rennermalm, Åsa K., Mote, Thomas L., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Mattingly, Kyle S., Turton, Jenny V., Wille, Jonathan D., Noël, Brice, Fettweis, Xavier, Rennermalm, Åsa K., and Mote, Thomas L.

Published
2024

14. The extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica “heat” wave. Part II: impacts on the Antarctic ice sheet

Author

Wille, Jonathan D., primary, Alexander, Simon P., additional, Amory, Charles, additional, Baiman, Rebecca, additional, Barthélemy, Léonard, additional, Bergstrom, Dana M., additional, Berne, Alexis, additional, Binder, Hanin, additional, Blanchet, Juliette, additional, Bozkurt, Deniz, additional, Bracegirdle, Thomas J., additional, Casado, Mathieu, additional, Choi, Taejin, additional, Clem, Kyle R., additional, Codron, Francis, additional, Datta, Rajashree, additional, Battista, Stefano Di, additional, Favier, Vincent, additional, Francis, Diana, additional, Fraser, Alexander D., additional, Fourré, Elise, additional, Garreaud, René D., additional, Genthon, Christophe, additional, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., additional, González-Herrero, Sergi, additional, Heinrich, Victoria J., additional, Hubert, Guillaume, additional, Joos, Hanna, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, King, John C., additional, Kittel, Christoph, additional, Landais, Amaelle, additional, Lazzara, Matthew, additional, Leonard, Gregory H., additional, Lieser, Jan L., additional, Maclennan, Michelle, additional, Mikolajczyk, David, additional, Neff, Peter, additional, Ollivier, Inès, additional, Picard, Ghislain, additional, Pohl, Benjamin, additional, Ralph, Martin F., additional, Rowe, Penny, additional, Schlosser, Elisabeth, additional, Shields, Christine A., additional, Smith, Inga J., additional, Sprenger, Michael, additional, Trusel, Luke, additional, Udy, Danielle, additional, Vance, Tessa, additional, Vignon, Étienne, additional, Walker, Catherine, additional, Wever, Nander, additional, and Zou, Xun, additional

Published
2023
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15. The extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica “heat” wave. Part I: observations and meteorological drivers

Author

Wille, Jonathan D., primary, Alexander, Simon P., additional, Amory, Charles, additional, Baiman, Rebecca, additional, Barthélemy, Léonard, additional, Bergstrom, Dana M., additional, Berne, Alexis, additional, Binder, Hanin, additional, Blanchet, Juliette, additional, Bozkurt, Deniz, additional, Bracegirdle, Thomas J., additional, Casado, Mathieu, additional, Choi, Taejin, additional, Clem, Kyle R., additional, Codron, Francis, additional, Datta, Rajashree, additional, Battista, Stefano Di, additional, Favier, Vincent, additional, Francis, Diana, additional, Fraser, Alexander D., additional, Fourré, Elise, additional, Garreaud, René D., additional, Genthon, Christophe, additional, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., additional, González-Herrero, Sergi, additional, Heinrich, Victoria J., additional, Hubert, Guillaume, additional, Joos, Hanna, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, King, John C., additional, Kittel, Christoph, additional, Landais, Amaelle, additional, Lazzara, Matthew, additional, Leonard, Gregory H., additional, Lieser, Jan L., additional, Maclennan, Michelle, additional, Mikolajczyk, David, additional, Neff, Peter, additional, Ollivier, Inès, additional, Picard, Ghislain, additional, Pohl, Benjamin, additional, Ralph, Martin F., additional, Rowe, Penny, additional, Schlosser, Elisabeth, additional, Shields, Christine A., additional, Smith, Inga J., additional, Sprenger, Michael, additional, Trusel, Luke, additional, Udy, Danielle, additional, Vance, Tessa, additional, Vignon, Étienne, additional, Walker, Catherine, additional, Wever, Nander, additional, and Zou, Xun, additional

Published
2023
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17. Examining Atmospheric River Life Cycles in East Antarctica.

Author

Wille, Jonathan D., Pohl, Benjamin, Favier, Vincent, Winters, Andrew C., Baiman, Rebecca, Cavallo, Steven M., Leroy‐Dos Santos, Christophe, Clem, Kyle, Udy, Danielle G., Vance, Tessa R., Gorodetskaya, Irina, Codron, Francis, and Berchet, Antoine

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC rivers, EXTREME weather, WEATHER, ICE sheets, THUNDERSTORMS, CYCLOGENESIS
Abstract

During atmospheric river (AR) landfalls on the Antarctic ice sheet, the high waviness of the circumpolar polar jet stream allows for subtropical air masses to be advected toward the Antarctic coastline. These rare but high‐impact AR events are highly consequential for the Antarctic mass balance; yet little is known about the various atmospheric dynamical components determining their life cycle. By using an AR detection algorithm to retrieve AR landfalls at Dumont d'Urville and non‐AR analogs based on 700 hPa geopotential height, we examined what makes AR landfalls unique and studied the complete life cycle of ARs reaching Dumont d'Urville. ARs form in the mid‐latitudes/subtropics in areas of high surface evaporation, likely in response to tropical deep convection anomalies. These convection anomalies likely lead to Rossby wave trains that help amplify the upper‐tropospheric flow pattern. As the AR approaches Antarctica, condensation of isentropically lifted moisture causes latent heat release that—in conjunction with poleward warm air advection—induces geopotential height rises and anticyclonic upper‐level potential vorticity tendencies downstream. As evidenced by a blocking index, these tendencies lead to enhanced ridging/blocking that persist beyond the AR landfall time, sustaining warm air advection onto the ice sheet. Finally, we demonstrate a connection between tropopause polar vortices and mid‐latitude cyclogenesis in an AR case study. Overall, the non‐AR analogs reveal that the amplified jet pattern observed during AR landfalls is a result of enhanced poleward moisture transport and associated diabatic heating which is likely impossible to replicate without strong moisture transport. Plain Language Summary: When the polar jet stream that surrounds Antarctica is highly wavy, air masses from the subtropics that are warm and humid are often transported over the ice sheet in the form of atmospheric rivers (ARs). When ARs reach Antarctica, they often bring extreme weather conditions that have large consequences for ice sheet snowfall and surface melt. Here we studied the full life cycle of ARs that reached Dumont d'Urville in East Antarctica and compared these ARs against events with similar profiles of atmospheric circulation. ARs typically form in areas of unusually high surface evaporation and thunderstorm convection in the subtropics. This convection sends Rossby waves toward the Antarctic coastline which help make the polar jet wavier. The amplitude of the polar jet is further enhanced when the moisture that accompanies the ARs condenses over the cooler seas around Antarctica and creates large latent heating. The higher amplitude of the polar jet often results in atmospheric blocks that transport further warm, moist air over the ice sheet even after the AR has made landfall and dissipated. Therefore, extreme weather events over Antarctica like ARs are sensitive to climate changes far from the continent over the subtropical regions. Key Points: Atmospheric rivers have lower‐latitude moisture sources than extratropical cyclones and are likely influenced by tropopause polar vorticesLarge latent heat release from atmospheric river related moisture transport leads to downstream anticyclonic potential vorticity tendenciesThe resultant diabatic heating helps maintain atmospheric blocking after an atmospheric river has dissipated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Introduction

Author

Boyer, Tim, primary, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, additional, Abida, A., additional, Ades, Melanie, additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Adusumilli, Susheel, additional, Agyakwah, W., additional, Ahmasuk, Brandon, additional, Aldeco, Laura S., additional, Alexe, Mihai, additional, Alfaro, Eric J., additional, Allan, Richard P., additional, Allgood, Adam, additional, Alves, Lincoln. M., additional, Amador, Jorge A., additional, Anderson, John, additional, Andrade, B., additional, Anneville, Orlane, additional, Aono, Yasuyuki, additional, Arguez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, Carlo, additional, Atkinson, C., additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Avalos, Grinia, additional, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, additional, Backensto, Stacia A., additional, Bader, Stephan, additional, Baez, Julian, additional, Baiman, Rebecca, additional, Ballinger, Thomas J., additional, Banwell, Alison F., additional, Bardin, M. Yu, additional, Barichivich, Jonathan, additional, Barnes, John E., additional, Barreira, Sandra, additional, Beadling, Rebecca L., additional, Beck, Hylke E., additional, Becker, Emily J., additional, Bekele, E., additional, Bellido, Guillem Martín, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Benestad, Rasmus, additional, Berne, Christine, additional, Berner, Logan. T., additional, Bernhard, Germar H., additional, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Bhuiyan, A. E., additional, Bigalke, Siiri, additional, Biló, Tiago, additional, Bissolli, Peter, additional, Bjerke Jarle, W., additional, Blagrave, Kevin, additional, Blake, Eric S., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Blunden, Jessica, additional, Bochníček, Oliver, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodenstein, Barbara, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bosilovich, Michael, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Bozkurt, Deniz, additional, Brettschneider, Brian, additional, Bringas, Francis G., additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Buechler, Dennis, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Bukunt, Brandon, additional, Calderón, Blanca, additional, Camargo, Suzana J., additional, Campbell, Jayaka, additional, Campos, Diego, additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Chan, Duo, additional, Chandler, Elise, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Chen, Hua, additional, Chen, Lin, additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Cheng, Vincent Y. S., additional, Chomiak, Leah, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, Eui-Seok, additional, Ciasto, Laura M., additional, Clarke, Leonardo, additional, Clem, Kyle R., additional, Clingan, Scott, additional, Coelho, Caio A.S., additional, Cohen, Judah L., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Colwell, Steve, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Correa, Kris, additional, Costa, Felipe, additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Coy, Lawrence, additional, Créatux, Jean-François, additional, Crhova, Lenka, additional, Crimmins, Theresa, additional, Cronin, Meghan F., additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Crotwell, Molly, additional, Culpepper, Joshua, additional, Cunha, Ana P., additional, Cusicanqui, Diego, additional, Datta, Rajashree T., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, De Bock, Veerle, additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, De Laat, Jos, additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Demircan, Mesut, additional, Derksen, Chris, additional, Deus, Ricardo, additional, Dhurmea, K. R., additional, Diamond, Howard J., additional, Dirkse, S., additional, Divine, Dmitry, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Drost Jensen, Caroline, additional, Druckenmiller, Matthew L., additional, Drumond, Paula, additional, du Plessis, Marcel, additional, Dugan, Hilary A., additional, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, additional, Dunmire, Devon, additional, Dunn, Robert J. H., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dusek, Robert, additional, Dutton, Geoff, additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Ekici, Mithat, additional, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, additional, ElKharrim, M., additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, additional, Estilow, Thomas W., additional, Estrella, Nicole, additional, Fauchereau, Nicolas, additional, Fausto, Robert S., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fenimore, Chris, additional, Fereday, David, additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Fioletov, vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Fogarty, Chris, additional, Fogt, Ryan L., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Freeman, Natalie M., additional, Fricker, Helen A., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Frost, Gerald V. (JJ), additional, Fuhrman, Steven, additional, Füllekrug, Martin, additional, Ganter, Catherine, additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Gardner, Alex S., additional, Garforth, Judith, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Gibbes, Badin, additional, Gille, Sarah T., additional, Gilson, John, additional, Gleason, Karin, additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Goldenberg, Stanley B., additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Goodman, Steven, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Gruber, Alexander, additional, Gu, Guojun, additional, Guard, Charles “Chip” P., additional, Hagos, S., additional, Hahn, Sebastian, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Bradley D., additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hanna, Edward, additional, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, additional, Harnos, Daniel S., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, He, Qiong, additional, Heim, Richard R., additional, Hellström, Sverker, additional, Hemming, Deborah L., additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Hicks, J., additional, Hidalgo, Hugo G., additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), additional, Hobbs, W., additional, Holmes, Robert M., additional, Holzworth, Robert, additional, Hrbáček, Filip, additional, Hu, Guojie, additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Huang, Hongjie, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jadra, Gerardo, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, John, Viju O., additional, Johns, W., additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Johnson, Bryan, additional, Johnson, Gregory C., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Jones, Timothy, additional, Josey, Simon A., additional, Jumaux, G., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kabidi, K., additional, Kaiser, Johannes W., additional, Kaler, Robb S.A., additional, Kaleschke, Lars, additional, Kaufmann, Viktor, additional, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, additional, Keller, Linda M., additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, additional, Kendon, Mike, additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kerr, Kenneth, additional, Khan, Valentina, additional, Khiem, Mai Van, additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, Kim, Mi Ju, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Klotzbach, Philip J., additional, Knaff, John A., additional, Koppa, Akash, additional, Korshunova, Natalia N., additional, Kraemer, Benjamin M., additional, Kramarova, Natalya A., additional, Kruger, A. C., additional, Kruger, Andries, additional, Kumar, Arun, additional, L’Heureux, Michelle, additional, La Fuente, Sofia, additional, Laas, Alo, additional, Labe, Zachary M., additional, Lader, Rick, additional, Lakatos, Mónika, additional, Lakkala, Kaisa, additional, Lam, Hoang Phuc, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Landsea, Chris W., additional, Lang, Timothy, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lara, Mark J., additional, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, additional, Lavers, David A., additional, Lazzara, Matthew A., additional, Leblanc, Thierry, additional, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, additional, Leibensperger, Eric M., additional, Lennard, Chris, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Leung, Kinson H. Y., additional, Lieser, Jan L., additional, Likso, Tanja, additional, Lin, I-I., additional, Lindsey, Jackie, additional, Liu, Yakun, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loomis, Bryant D., additional, Lorrey, Andrew M., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Lu, Rui, additional, Lumpkin, Rick, additional, Luo, Jing-Jia, additional, Luojus, Kari, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, Maberly, Stephen C., additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, MacFerrin, Michael, additional, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., additional, MacLennan, Michelle L., additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, Magee, Andrew D., additional, Magnin, Florence, additional, Mamen, Jostein, additional, Mankoff, Ken D., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Marcinonienė, Izolda, additional, Marengo, Jose A., additional, Marjan, Mohammadi, additional, Martínez, Ana E., additional, Massom, Robert A., additional, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Mazloff, Matthew R., additional, McAfee, Stephanie A., additional, McBride, C., additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, McPhaden, Michael J., additional, Mcvicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Mekonnen, A., additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Meyer, Michael F., additional, Meyers, Tristan, additional, Mikolajczyk, David E., additional, Miller, John B., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Misevicius, Noelia, additional, Mishonov, Alexey, additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Moesinger, Leander, additional, Moise, Aurel, additional, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, additional, Monet, Ghislaine, additional, Montzka, Stephan A., additional, Moon, Twila A., additional, Moore, G. W. K., additional, Mora, Natali, additional, Morán, Johnny, additional, Morehen, Claire, additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mostafa, A. E., additional, Mote, Thomas L., additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Mudryk, Lawrence, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Müller, Rolf, additional, Nance, David, additional, Nash, Eric R., additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Newman, Paul A., additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Nieto, Juan J., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, Norton, Taylor, additional, Nyland, Kelsey E., additional, O’Keefe, John, additional, Ochwat, Naomi, additional, Oikawa, Yoshinori, additional, Okunaka, Yuka, additional, Osborn, Timothy J., additional, Overland, James E., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Parrington, Mark, additional, Parrish, Julia K., additional, Pasch, Richard J., additional, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, additional, Pellet, Cécile, additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Perčec Tadić, Melita, additional, Perovich, Donald K., additional, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, additional, Petersen, Kyle, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Pezza, Alexandre B., additional, Pezzi, Luciano P., additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Pierson, Don, additional, Pinto, Izidine, additional, Pires, Vanda, additional, Pitts, Michael, additional, Po-Chedley, Stephen, additional, Pogliotti, Paolo, additional, Poinar, Kristin, additional, Polvani, Lorenzo, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, Price, Colin, additional, Pulkkanen, Merja, additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Qiu, Bo, additional, Quisbert, Kenny, additional, Quispe, Willy R., additional, Rajeevan, M., additional, Ramos, Andrea M., additional, Randel, William J., additional, Rantanen, Mika, additional, Raphael, Marilyn N., additional, Reagan, James, additional, Recalde, Cristina, additional, Reid, Phillip, additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J., additional, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Robjhon, M., additional, Rocha, Willy, additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Ronchail, Josyane, additional, Rosencrans, Matthew, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Rösner, Benjamin, additional, Rösner, Henrieke, additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Rozkošný, Jozef, additional, Rubek, Frans, additional, Rusanovskaya, Olga O., additional, Rutishauser, This, additional, Sabeerali, C. T., additional, Salinas, Roberto, additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Santini, Marcelo, additional, Sato, Katsunari, additional, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, additional, Sayouri, A., additional, Scambos, Theodore, additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schimanke, Semjon, additional, Schlegel, Robert W., additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Schmid, Martin, additional, Schneider, Udo, additional, Schreck, Carl J., additional, Schultz, Cristina, additional, _, _, additional, Segele, Z. T., additional, Sensoy, Serhat, additional, Serbin, Shawn P., additional, Serreze, Mark C., additional, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, additional, Sezaki, Fumi, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Sheffield, Gay, additional, Shi, Jia-Rui, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander I., additional, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I., additional, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., additional, Shukla, R., additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Silow, Eugene A., additional, Sima, F., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Smith, Adam, additional, Smith, Matthew M., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, Brian J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Souza, Everaldo, additional, Sparks, Tim H., additional, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Spillane, Sandra, additional, Sreejith, O. P., additional, Srivastava, A. K., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Stammerjohn, Sharon, additional, Stauffer, Ryan, additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Steiner, Andrea K., additional, Stella, Jose L., additional, Stephenson, Tannecia S., additional, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Strahan, Susan E., additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Surendran, Divya E., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Sweet, William, additional, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, additional, Takemura, Kazuto, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Taylor, Michael A., additional, Tedesco, Marco, additional, Thackeray, Stephen J., additional, Thiaw, W. M., additional, Thibert, Emmanuel, additional, Thoman, Richard L., additional, Thompson, Andrew F., additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, additional, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, additional, Timofeyev, Maxim A., additional, Tobin, Skie, additional, Tømmervik, Hans, additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Trescilo, Lidia, additional, Tretiakov, Mikhail, additional, Trewin, Blair C., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Trotman, Adrian, additional, Truchelut, Ryan E., additional, Trusel, Luke D., additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, Van Hemert, Caroline, additional, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., additional, van vliet, Arnold J.H., additional, Vazife, Ahad, additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Virts, Katrina, additional, Vivero, Sebastián, additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Walker, Donald (Skip) A., additional, Walsh, John E., additional, Wang, Bin, additional, Wang, Hui, additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Wang, Ray H. J., additional, Wang, Xinyue, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Warnock, Taran, additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Wehrlé, Adrian, additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Wiese, David N., additional, Wild, Jeannette D., additional, Wille, Jonathan D., additional, Willems, An, additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Williams, Earle, additional, Willis, J., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Wood, Kimberly M., additional, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, additional, Xie, Ping-Ping, additional, Yang, Daqing, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Yin, Ziqi, additional, Zeng, Zhenzhong, additional, Zhang, Huai-min, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Zhang, Peiqun, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Zhu, Zhiwei, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Zotta, Ruxandra M., additional, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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19. Strong Warming Over the Antarctic Peninsula During Combined Atmospheric River and Foehn Events: Contribution of Shortwave Radiation and Turbulence

Author

Zou, Xun, primary, Rowe, Penny M., additional, Gorodetskaya, Irina, additional, Bromwich, David H., additional, Lazzara, Matthew A., additional, Cordero, Raul R., additional, Zhang, Zhenhai, additional, Kawzenuk, Brian, additional, Cordeira, Jason M., additional, Wille, Jonathan D., additional, Ralph, F. Martin, additional, and Bai, Le‐Sheng, additional

Published
2023
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22. Climatology and surface impacts of atmospheric rivers on West Antarctica

Author

Maclennan, Michelle L., primary, Lenaerts, Jan T. M., additional, Shields, Christine A., additional, Hoffman, Andrew O., additional, Wever, Nander, additional, Thompson-Munson, Megan, additional, Winters, Andrew C., additional, Pettit, Erin C., additional, Scambos, Theodore A., additional, and Wille, Jonathan D., additional

Published
2023
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23. Strong Warming over the Antarctic Peninsula during Combined Atmospheric River and Foehn Events: Contribution of Shortwave Radiation and Turbulence

Author

Zou, Xun, primary, Rowe, Penny Marie, additional, Gorodetskaya, Irina, additional, Bromwich, David H., additional, Lazzara, Matthew, additional, Cordero, Raul R., additional, Zhang, Zhenhai, additional, Kawzenuk, Brian, additional, Cordeira, Jason M., additional, Wille, Jonathan D, additional, Ralph, F. Martin, additional, and Bai, Le-sheng, additional

Published
2022
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24. Atmospheric circulation and surface observations [in 'State of the Climate in 2021']

Author

Clem, Kyle R., Raphael, Marilyn N., Adusumilli, Susheel, Baiman, Rebecca, Banwell, Alison F., Barreira, Sandra, Beadling, Rebecca L., Colwell, Steve, Coy, Lawrence, Datta, Rajashree T., De Laat, Jos, Dunmire, Devon, Fogt, Ryan L., Freeman, Natalie M., Fricker, Helen Amanda, Gardner, Alex S., Johnson, Bryan, Keller, Linda M., Kramarova, Natalya A., Lazzara, Matthew A., Lieser, Jan L., MacFerrin, Michael, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., MacLennan, Michelle L., Massom, Robert A., Mazloff, Matthew R., Mote, Thomas L., Nash, Eric R., Newman, Paul A., Norton, Taylor, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pitts, Michael, Reid, Phillip, Santee, Michelle L., Scambos, Ted A., Shi, Jia-Rui, Stammerjohn, Sharon, Strahan, Susan E., Thompson, Andrew F., Wille, Jonathan D., and Wilson, Earle

Published
2022

27. Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Author

Clem, Kyle R., primary, Raphael, Marilyn N., additional, Adusumilli, Susheel, additional, Baiman, Rebecca, additional, Banwell, Alison F., additional, Barreira, Sandra, additional, Beadling, Rebecca L., additional, Colwell, Steve, additional, Coy, Lawrence, additional, Datta, Rajashree T., additional, De Laat, Jos, additional, Dunmire, Devon, additional, Fogt, Ryan L., additional, Freeman, Natalie M., additional, Fricker, Helen Amanda, additional, Gardner, Alex S., additional, Johnson, Bryan, additional, Keller, Linda M., additional, Kramarova, Natalya A., additional, Lazzara, Matthew A., additional, Lieser, Jan L., additional, MacFerrin, Michael, additional, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., additional, MacLennan, Michelle L., additional, Massom, Robert A., additional, Mazloff, Matthew R., additional, Mote, Thomas L., additional, Nash, Eric R., additional, Newman, Paul A., additional, Norton, Taylor, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Pitts, Michael, additional, Reid, Phillip, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Scambos, Ted A., additional, Shi, Jia-Rui, additional, Stammerjohn, Sharon, additional, Strahan, Susan E., additional, Thompson, Andrew F., additional, Wille, Jonathan D., additional, and Wilson, Earle, additional

Published
2022
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28. Climatology and Surface Impacts of Atmospheric Rivers on West Antarctica

Author

Maclennan, Michelle L., primary, Lenaerts, Jan T. M., additional, Shields, Christine A., additional, Hoffman, Andrew O., additional, Wever, Nander, additional, Thompson-Munson, Megan, additional, Winters, Andrew C., additional, Pettit, Erin C., additional, Scambos, Theodore A., additional, and Wille, Jonathan D., additional

Published
2022
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32. The circum-Antarctic ice-shelves respond to a more positive Southern Annular Mode with regionally varied melting

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Verfaillie, Deborah, Pelletier, Charles, Goosse, Hugues, Jourdain, Nicolas C., Bull, Christopher Y. S., Dalaiden, Quentin, Favier, Vincent, Fichefet, Thierry, Wille, Jonathan D., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Verfaillie, Deborah, Pelletier, Charles, Goosse, Hugues, Jourdain, Nicolas C., Bull, Christopher Y. S., Dalaiden, Quentin, Favier, Vincent, Fichefet, Thierry, and Wille, Jonathan D.

Abstract

The Southern Hemisphere cryosphere has recently shown regionally-contrasted responses to climate change, in particular to the positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode. However, the understanding of the impacts of this mode on ice-shelf basal melt at a circum-Antarctic scale is still limited. Here, we performed idealized experiments with a pan-Antarctic regional ice-shelf cavity-resolving ocean—sea-ice model for different phases of the Southern Annular Mode. We show that positive phases lead to increased upwelling and subsurface ocean temperature and salinity close to ice shelves, while the opposite occurs for negative phases. A one-standard-deviation increase of the Southern Annular Mode leads to a net basal mass loss of 40 Gt yr−1, with strong regional contrasts: increased ice-shelf basal melt in the Bellingshausen and Western Pacific sectors and the opposite response in the Amundsen sector. Estimates of 1000–1200 and 2090–2100 ice-shelf basal melt changes due to the Southern Annular Mode are −86.6 Gt yr−1 and 55.0 to 164.9 Gt yr−1, respectively, compared to the present.

Published
2022

34. Climatology and Surface Impacts of Atmospheric Rivers on West Antarctica.

Author

Maclennan, Michelle L., Lenaerts, Jan T. M., Shields, Christine A., Hoffman, Andrew O., Wever, Nander, Thompson-Munson, Megan, Winters, Andrew C., Pettit, Erin C., Scambos, Theodore A., and Wille, Jonathan D.

Abstract

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) transport large amounts of moisture from the mid-to high-latitudes and they are a primary driver of the most extreme snowfall events on Antarctica. ARs also raise surface temperatures when they make landfall over Antarctica, leading to surface melting. In this study, we characterize the climatology and surface impacts of ARs on West Antarctica, focusing on the Amundsen Sea Embayment and Marie Byrd Land. First, we develop a climatology of ARs in this region, using an Antarctic-specific AR detection tool combined with MERRA-2 and ERA5 atmospheric reanalyses. We find that while ARs are infrequent, they cause intense precipitation in short periods of time and account for 11% of the annual surface accumulation. They are driven by the coupling of a blocking high over the Antarctic Peninsula with a low-pressure system known as the Amundsen Sea Low. Next, we use observations from automatic weather stations on Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf to examine a case study of 3 ARs that made landfall in rapid succession from February 2 to 8, known as an AR family event. We use snow height observations to force the firn model SNOWPACK to reconstruct accumulation and surface melting during the event, and compare these results with accumulation higher up on the glacier derived from surface height changes using interferometric reflectometry. While accumulation dominates the surface impacts of the event on Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (>100 kg m-2), we find small amounts of surface melt as well (<5 kg m-2). West Antarctica currently experiences minimal surface melting, most of which is absorbed by the firn, but future atmospheric warming could lead to more widespread surface melting in West Antarctica. Combined with a future increase in AR intensity or frequency, this could limit the ability of the firn layer to absorb melt water, which could harm ice shelf stability, and ultimately accelerate mass loss of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The results presented here enable us to quantify the past impacts of ARs on West Antarctic surface mass balance and characterize their interannual variability and trends, enabling a better assessment of future AR-driven changes in the surface mass balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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37. The Dominant Role of Extreme Precipitation Events in Antarctic Snowfall Variability

Author

Turner, John, Phillips, Tony, Thamban, Meloth, Rahaman, Waliur, Marshall, Gareth J., Wille, Jonathan D., Favier, Vincent, Winton, V. Holly L., Thomas, Elizabeth, Wang, Zaomin, van den Broeke, Michiel, Hosking, J. Scott, Lachlan-Cope, Tom, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, variability, extremes, precipitation, snowfall, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Snow, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, Geophysics, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Antarctica, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Antarctic snowfall consists of frequent clear-sky precipitation and heavier falls from intrusions of maritime airmasses associated with amplified planetary waves. We investigate the importance of different precipitation events using the output of the RACMO2 model. Extreme precipitation events consisting of the largest 10% of daily totals are shown to contribute more than 40% of the total annual precipitation across much of the continent, with some areas receiving in excess of 60% of the total from these events. The greatest contribution of extreme precipitation events to the annual total is in the coastal areas and especially on the ice shelves, with the Amery Ice Shelf receiving 50% of its annual precipitation in less than the 10 days of heaviest precipitation. For the continent as a whole, 70% of the variance of the annual precipitation is explained by variability in precipitation from extreme precipitation events, with this figure rising to over 90% in some areas.

Published
2019

38. The Dominant Role of Extreme Precipitation Events in Antarctic Snowfall Variability

Author

Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Turner, John, Phillips, Tony, Thamban, Meloth, Rahaman, Waliur, Marshall, Gareth J., Wille, Jonathan D., Favier, Vincent, Winton, V. Holly L., Thomas, Elizabeth, Wang, Zaomin, van den Broeke, Michiel, Hosking, J. Scott, Lachlan-Cope, Tom, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Turner, John, Phillips, Tony, Thamban, Meloth, Rahaman, Waliur, Marshall, Gareth J., Wille, Jonathan D., Favier, Vincent, Winton, V. Holly L., Thomas, Elizabeth, Wang, Zaomin, van den Broeke, Michiel, Hosking, J. Scott, and Lachlan-Cope, Tom

Published
2019

41. Analysis of the AMPS-Polar WRF Boundary Layer at the Alexander Tall Tower! site on the Ross Ice Shelf

Author

Wille, Jonathan D.

Subjects
Atmospheric Sciences, Atmosphere, Meteorology, AMPS, Polar WRF, WRF, Antarctic, Boundary Layer, Weather Modeling
Abstract

Flight operations on the Ross Ice Shelf rely on accurate forecast aided by the AMPS-Polar WRF. To improve the performance of the model planetary boundary layer (PBL), this study examines two datasets containing vertical meteorological data on the western Ross Ice Shelf and compares them against the AMPS-Polar WRF. The first dataset contains nearly two years of meteorological data provided by the Alexander Tall Tower! (ATT) automated weather station from March 2011 – July 2012. Maintained by a joint team at the Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), the ATT provides instantaneous observations at 10-minute intervals at various levels up to 30 m. The second dataset comes from the same researchers from CIRES who conducted a field campaign from January 13th–26th, 2014 using aerial Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) vehicles to measure PBL conditions near the ATT site. The ATT provides temperature, moisture, wind speed, wind direction, pressure, longwave radiation, and shortwave radiation measurements while the SUMO flight data contains observed temperature and relative humidity, and calculated wind speed and wind direction. For the analysis of the ATT data, the 5-km AMPS-Polar WRF data is run daily at 00 UTC and 12 UTC. Each model run is given a 12-hour spin-up and the subsequent 12-23 forecast hours are concatenated to create a continuous hourly forecast record. For the SUMO analysis, flight data and ATT data are compared against vertically and horizontally interpolated 3-km AMPS-Polar WRF data up to 800 m above the surface. On a synoptic scale, European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasting ERA-Interim and AMPS-Polar WRF are utilized to identify possible sources of error in the AMPS-Polar WRF PBL.From the combined analysis from the ATT – AMPS climatology and the SUMO case studies, the most common errors are: a systematic dry bias and high wind speed bias in AMPS-Polar WRF. The ATT climatology shows a 10% dry bias year round that is highest when wind speeds exceed 15 m s-1. Diurnally, the dry bias is most evident at night during the summer when AMPS-Polar WRF and observations diverge in relative humidity with observations showing an increase while AMPS-Polar WRF decreases. During the SUMO case studies, four of the six days exhibited dry biases. AMPS-Polar WRF favors more dry continental air masses than the ECMWF ERA-Interim. Even when AMPS-Polar WRF and ERA-Interim agree on the strength of the katabatic flow off the Transantarctic Mountains, AMPS-Polar WRF appears to be drawing drier air down from the Antarctic Plateau. The wind speed transition range for stability errors is 4-8 m s-1, where AMPS-Polar WRF goes from underestimating to overestimating inversion strength. AMPS-Polar WRF appears to overestimate the wind speed during periods stratifying conditions at the ATT by 1-2 m s-1. The ATT analysis shows that AMPS-Polar WRF has fundamental issues with handling stability as a function of wind speed. A high wind speed bias also appears four of the six days during the case studies and during winter 2011. The ERA-Interim synoptic charts during the case studies suggest the wind speed errors are likely related to katabatic flow placement errors, overestimating the strength of cyclones over the Ross Sea, and overestimating barrier wind jet strengths. The current goal is to modify inadequate model physics to improve the accuracy of the PBL

Published
2015

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