Search

Your search keyword '"Willering, G. P."' showing total 30 results
Start Over Author "Willering, G. P."
30 results on '"Willering, G. P."'

1. The Large Hadron-Electron Collider at the HL-LHC

Author

Agostini, P., Aksakal, H., Alekhin, S., Allport, P. P., Andari, N., Andre, K. D. J., Angal-Kalinin, D., Antusch, S., Bella, L. Aperio, Apolinario, L., Apsimon, R., Apyan, A., Arduini, G., Ari, V., Armbruster, A., Armesto, N., Auchmann, B., Aulenbacher, K., Azuelos, G., Backovic, S., Bailey, I., Bailey, S., Balli, F., Behera, S., Behnke, O., Ben-Zvi, I., Benedikt, M., Bernauer, J., Bertolucci, S., Biswal, S. S., Blümlein, J., Bogacz, A., Bonvini, M., Boonekamp, M., Bordry, F., Boroun, G. R., Bottura, L., Bousson, S., Bouzas, A. O., Bracco, C., Bracinik, J., Britzger, D., Brodsky, S. J., Bruni, C., Brüning, O., Burkhardt, H., Cakir, O., Calaga, R., Caldwell, A., Calıskan, A., Camarda, S., Catalan-Lasheras, N. C., Cassou, K., Cepila, J., Cetinkaya, V., Chetvertkova, V., Cole, B., Coleppa, B., Cooper-Sarkar, A., Cormier, E., Cornell, A. S., Corsini, R., Cruz-Alaniz, E., Currie, J., Curtin, D., D'Onofrio, M., Dainton, J., Daly, E., Das, A., Das, S. P., Dassa, L., de Blas, J., Rose, L. Delle, Denizli, H., Deshpande, K. S., Douglas, D., Duarte, L., Dupraz, K., Dutta, S., Efremov, A. V., Eichhorn, R., Eskola, K. J., Ferreiro, E. G., Fischer, O., Flores-Sánchez, O., Forte, S., Gaddi, A., Gao, J., Gehrmann, T., Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De, Gerigk, F., Gilbert, A., Giuli, F., Glazov, A., Glover, N., Godbole, R. M., Goddard, B., Gonçalves, V., Gonzalez-Sprinberg, G. A., Goyal, A., Grames, J., Granados, E., Grassellino, A., Gunaydin, Y. O., Guo, Y. C., Guzey, V., Gwenlan, C., Hammad, A., Han, C. C., Harland-Lang, L., Haug, F., Hautmann, F., Hayden, D., Hessler, J., Helenius, I., Henry, J., Hernandez-Sanchez, J., Hesari, H., Hobbs, T. J., Hod, N., Hoffstaetter, G. H., Holzer, B., Honorato, C. G., Hounsell, B., Hu, N., Hug, F., Huss, A., Hutton, A., Islam, R., Iwamoto, S., Jana, S., Jansova, M., Jensen, E., Jones, T., Jowett, J. M., Kaabi, W., Kado, M., Kalinin, D. A., Karadeniz, H., Kawaguchi, S., Kaya, U., Khalek, R. A., Khanpour, H., Kilic, A., Klein, M., Klein, U., Kluth, S., Köksal, M., Kocak, F., Korostelev, M., Kostka, P., Krelina, M., Kretzschmar, J., Kuday, S., Kulipanov, G., Kumar, M., Kuze, M., Lappi, T., Larios, F., Latina, A., Laycock, P., Lei, G., Levitchev, E., Levonian, S., Levy, A., Li, R., Li, X., Liang, H., Litvinenko, V., Liu, M., Liu, T., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liuti, S., Lobodzinska, E., Longuevergne, D., Luo, X., Ma, W., Machado, M., Mandal, S., Mäntysaari, H., Marhauser, F., Marquet, C., Martens, A., Martin, R., Marzani, S., McFayden, J., Mcintosh, P., Mellado, B., Meot, F., Milanese, A., Milhano, J. G., Militsyn, B., Mitra, M., Moch, S., Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi, Mondal, S., Moretti, S., Morgan, T., Morreale, A., Nadolsky, P., Navarra, F., Nergiz, Z., Newman, P., Niehues, J., Nissen, E. A., Nowakowski, M., Okada, N., Olivier, G., Olness, F., Olry, G., Osborne, J. A., Ozansoy, A., Pan, R., Parker, B., Patra, M., Paukkunen, H., Peinaud, Y., Pellegrini, D., Perez-Segurana, G., Perini, D., Perrot, L., Pietralla, N., Pilicer, E., Pire, B., Pires, J., Placakyte, R., Poelker, M., Polifka, R., Polini, A., Poulose, P., Pownall, G., Pupkov, Y. A., Queiroz, F. S., Rabbertz, K., Radescu, V., Rahaman, R., Rai, S. K., Raicevic, N., Ratoff, P., Rashed, A., Raut, D., Raychaudhuri, S., Repond, J., Rezaeian, A. H., Rimmer, R., Rinolfi, L., Rojo, J., Rosado, A., Ruan, X., Russenschuck, S., Sahin, M., Salgado, C. A., Sampayo, O. A., Satendra, K., Satyanarayan, N., Schenke, B., Schirm, K., Schopper, H., Schott, M., Schulte, D., Schwanenberger, C., Sekine, T., Senol, A., Seryi, A., Setiniyaz, S., Shang, L., Shen, X., Shipman, N., Sinha, N., Slominski, W., Smith, S., Solans, C., Song, M., Spiesberger, H., Stanyard, J., Starostenko, A., Stasto, A., Stocchi, A., Strikman, M., Stuart, M. J., Sultansoy, S., Sun, H., Sutton, M., Szymanowski, L., Tapan, I., Tapia-Takaki, D., Tanaka, M., Tang, Y., Tasci, A. T., Ten-Kate, A. T., Thonet, P., Tomas-Garcia, R., Tommasini, D., Trbojevic, D., Trott, M., Tsurin, I., Tudora, A., Cakir, I. Turk, Tywoniuk, K., Vallerand, C., Valloni, A., Verney, D., Vilella, E., Walker, D., Wallon, S., Wang, B., Wang, K., Wang, X., Wang, Z. S., Wei, H., Welsch, C., Willering, G., Williams, P. H., Wollmann, D., Xiaohao, C., Xu, T., Yaguna, C. E., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Yang, H., Yilmaz, A., Yock, P., Yue, C. X., Zadeh, S. G., Zenaiev, O., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, R., Zhang, Z., Zhu, G., Zhu, S., Zimmermann, F., Zomer, F., Zurita, J., and Zurita, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High Luminosity--Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The accelerator and interaction region are designed for concurrent electron-proton and proton-proton operation. This report represents an update of the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) of the LHeC, published in 2012. It comprises new results on parton structure of the proton and heavier nuclei, QCD dynamics, electroweak and top-quark physics. It is shown how the LHeC will open a new chapter of nuclear particle physics in extending the accessible kinematic range in lepton-nucleus scattering by several orders of magnitude. Due to enhanced luminosity, large energy and the cleanliness of the hadronic final states, the LHeC has a strong Higgs physics programme and its own discovery potential for new physics. Building on the 2012 CDR, the report represents a detailed updated design of the energy recovery electron linac (ERL) including new lattice, magnet, superconducting radio frequency technology and further components. Challenges of energy recovery are described and the lower energy, high current, 3-turn ERL facility, PERLE at Orsay, is presented which uses the LHeC characteristics serving as a development facility for the design and operation of the LHeC. An updated detector design is presented corresponding to the acceptance, resolution and calibration goals which arise from the Higgs and parton density function physics programmes. The paper also presents novel results on the Future Circular Collider in electron-hadron mode, FCC-eh, which utilises the same ERL technology to further extend the reach of DIS to even higher centre-of-mass energies., Comment: 373 pages, many figures, to be published by J. Phys. G

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Mechanical analysis of the Nb 3 Sn 11 T dipole short models for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider

Author

Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Nilsson, E, Bottura, L, Bourcey, N, Devred, A, Ferracin, P, Ferradas Troitino, S, Fiscarelli, L, Guinchard, M, Löffler, C, Mazet, J, Perez, JC, Prin, H, Savary, F, Sequeira Tavares, S, Vallone, G, and Willering, G

Subjects
high luminosity LHC, high field Nb3Sn magnet, 11T dipole, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

For the Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade, two of the NbTi 8.3 T main bending dipoles will be replaced by two shorter Nb3Sn 11.2 T dipoles to create space for the installation of collimators in the dispersion suppression region. With the aim to verify the design features, several 2 m long 11 T models have been constructed and tested at CERN. During the fabrication and assembly of, so far, seven single and two double aperture short model magnets, several challenges were identified and tackled. These include reproducibility in coil fabrication and assembly procedure, as well as control of mechanical stresses in the conductor and surrounding structure. In order to limit coil over-compression and improve reproducibility, the cable insulation was re-optimized. In addition, a review of the collaring procedure of the 11 T magnet was launched with the goal of reducing the risk of conductor degradation due to excessive stress. In this paper, the main fabrication and assembly steps are described, including the description of the actions taken to resolve the identified weakness.

Published
2019

3. Test Results of the CERN HL-LHC Low-β Quadrupole Short Models MQXFS3c and MQXFS4

Author

Mangiarotti, F, Bajas, H, Ambrosio, G, Bajko, M, Bordini, B, Bourcey, N, Duda, M, Desbiolles, V, Feuvrier, J, Fleiter, J, Bermudez, SI, Chiuchiolo, A, Devred, A, Ferracin, P, Fiscarelli, L, Mentink, M, Nobrega, A, Pepitone, K, Ravaioli, E, Schmalzle, J, Todesco, E, Perez, JC, Vallone, G, Willering, G, and Yu, M

Subjects
Nb3Sn, low beta quadrupole, quench, superconducting magnets, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Materials Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

For the high luminosity upgrade of the CERN large hadron collider, lower β∗ quadrupole magnets based on advanced Nb3Sn conductors will be installed on each side of the ATLAS and compact muon solenoid (CMS) experiment insertion zones. As part of the technological developments needed to achieve the required field gradient of 132.6 T/m within a 150-mm aperture, short length model magnets, named MQXFS, are tested both at the CERN SM18 and Fermilab test facilities. The model magnets rely on two types of Nb3Sn conductors (restack rod process (RRP) and powder-in-tube (PIT)) and on an innovative bladders and keys design to provide mechanical support against the Lorentz forces. In 2016 and 2017, the powering tests of the first two models MQXFS3 (RRP) and MQXFS5 (PIT) proved that nominal performance (16.5 kA) could be reached with excellent memory of the quench current after thermal cycle. However both magnets showed a slow training behavior with clear observations of voltage disturbances before the quench. Besides, only MQXFS5 could reach ultimate current (17.9 kA) whereas erratic behavior was observed on MQXFS3 due to conductor local degradation at the head of one of the coils. In 2018, this limiting coil was changed and the applied azimuthal prestress increased. While ultimate current could then be reached, no stable current could be maintained due to identified defect on the outer layer of the new coil. Finally the outcome of the test of the new model MQXFS4, featuring the final RRP conductors that will be used for the series production and variation on the inner layer quench heater designs are here reported in details.

Published
2019

4. Mechanical analysis of the Nb3Sn 11 T dipole short models for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider

Author

Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Nilsson, E, Bottura, L, Bourcey, N, Devred, A, Ferracin, P, Ferradas Troitino, S, Fiscarelli, L, Guinchard, M, Löffler, C, Mazet, J, Perez, JC, Prin, H, Savary, F, Sequeira Tavares, S, Vallone, G, and Willering, G

Subjects
high luminosity LHC, high field Nb3Sn magnet, 11T dipole, General Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Materials Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

For the Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade, two of the NbTi 8.3 T main bending dipoles will be replaced by two shorter Nb3Sn 11.2 T dipoles to create space for the installation of collimators in the dispersion suppression region. With the aim to verify the design features, several 2 m long 11 T models have been constructed and tested at CERN. During the fabrication and assembly of, so far, seven single and two double aperture short model magnets, several challenges were identified and tackled. These include reproducibility in coil fabrication and assembly procedure, as well as control of mechanical stresses in the conductor and surrounding structure. In order to limit coil over-compression and improve reproducibility, the cable insulation was re-optimized. In addition, a review of the collaring procedure of the 11 T magnet was launched with the goal of reducing the risk of conductor degradation due to excessive stress. In this paper, the main fabrication and assembly steps are described, including the description of the actions taken to resolve the identified weakness.

Published
2019

5. PERLE: Powerful Energy Recovery Linac for Experiments - Conceptual Design Report

Author

Angal-Kalinin, D., Arduini, G., Auchmann, B., Bernauer, J., Bogacz, A., Bordry, F., Bousson, S., Bracco, C., Brüning, O., Calaga, R., Cassou, K., Chetvertkova, V., Cormier, E., Daly, E., Douglas, D., Dupraz, K., Goddard, B., Henry, J., Hutton, A., Jensen, E., Kaabi, W., Klein, M., Kostka, P., Marhauser, F., Martens, A., Milanese, A., Militsyn, B., Peinaud, Y., Pellegrini, D., Pietralla, N., Pupkov, Y. A., Rimmer, R. A., Schirm, K., Schulte, D., Smith, S., Stocchi, A., Valloni, A., Welsch, C., Willering, G., Wollmann, D., Zimmermann, F., and Zomer, F.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

A conceptual design is presented of a novel ERL facility for the development and application of the energy recovery technique to linear electron accelerators in the multi-turn, large current and large energy regime. The main characteristics of the powerful energy recovery linac experiment facility (PERLE) are derived from the design of the Large Hadron electron Collider, an electron beam upgrade under study for the LHC, for which it would be the key demonstrator. PERLE is thus projected as a facility to investigate efficient, high current (> 10 mA) ERL operation with three re-circulation passages through newly designed SCRF cavities, at 801.58 MHz frequency, and following deceleration over another three re-circulations. In its fully equipped configuration, PERLE provides an electron beam of approximately 1 GeV energy. A physics programme possibly associated with PERLE is sketched, consisting of high precision elastic electron-proton scattering experiments, as well as photo-nuclear reactions of unprecedented intensities with up to 30 MeV photon beam energy as may be obtained using Fabry-Perot cavities. The facility has further applications as a general technology test bed that can investigate and validate novel superconducting magnets (beam induced quench tests) and superconducting RF structures (structure tests with high current beams, beam loading and transients). Besides a chapter on operation aspects, the report contains detailed considerations on the choices for the SCRF structure, optics and lattice design, solutions for arc magnets, source and injector and on further essential components. A suitable configuration derived from the here presented design concept may next be moved forward to a technical design and possibly be built by an international collaboration which is being established., Comment: 112 pages, 63 figures

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Progress on HL-LHC Nb3Sn Magnets

Author

Todesco, E, Annarella, M, Ambrosio, G, Apollinari, G, Ballarino, A, Bajas, H, Bajko, M, Bordini, B, Bossert, R, Bottura, L, Cavanna, E, Cheng, D, Chlachidze, G, De Rijk, G, Dimarco, J, Ferracin, P, Fleiter, J, Guinchard, M, Hafalia, A, Holik, E, Izquierdo Bermudez, S, Lackner, F, Marchevsky, M, Loeffler, C, Nobrega, A, Perez, JC, Prestemon, S, Ravaioli, E, Rossi, L, Sabbi, G, Salmi, T, Savary, F, Schmalzle, J, Stoynev, S, Strauss, T, Tartaglia, M, Vallone, G, Velev, G, Wanderer, P, Wang, X, Willering, G, and Yu, M

Subjects
Superconducting magnets, niobium-tin, type II superconductors, superconducting coils, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Materials Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

The high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project aims at allowing to increase the collisions in the LHC by a factor of ten in the decade 2025-2035. One essential element is the superconducting magnet around the interaction region points, where the large aperture magnets will be installed to allow to further reduce the beam size in the interaction point. The core of this upgrade is the Nb3Sn triplet, made up of 150-mm aperture quadrupoles in the range of 7-8 m. The project is being shared between the European Organization for Nuclear Research and the US Accelerator Upgrade Program, based on the same design, and on the two strand technologies. The project is ending the short model phase, and entering the prototype construction. We will report on the main results of the short model program, including the quench performance and field quality. A second important element is the 11 T dipole that replaces a standard dipole making space for additional collimators. The magnet is also ending the model development and entering the prototype phase. A critical point in the design of this magnet is the large current density, allowing increase of the field from 8 to 11 T with the same coil cross section as in the LHC dipoles. This is also the first two-in-one Nb3Sn magnet developed so far. We will report the main results on the test and the critical aspects.

Published
2018

7. Powering Tests Results of the First Batch of MCBXFB Magnets Produced in Industry

Author

Gonzalez, L., Dominguez, M., Garcia-Matos, J. A., Garcia-Tabares, L., Martinez, T., Jardim, C. Martins, Duran, O., Perez, J. M., Toral, F., Fiscarelli, L., Perez, J. C., Rogacki, P., Todesco, E., and Willering, G.

Abstract

MCBXF magnets are orbit nested correctors for the HL-LHC project, an upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The magnet design consists of two nested dipoles, with an aperture of 150 mm. The magnets have been designed in two physical lengths, namely of 2.5 m (MCBXFA) and 1.5 m (MCBXFB), with the same cross section according to the necessities. Two prototypes and the first series magnet of the short version were manufactured at CIEMAT and assembled at CERN. The series production of the rest of the series magnets, 6 long (MCBXFA) and 11 short (MCBXFB) magnets, is being carried out at the premises of the company Elytt Energy. In this paper the powering test results of the first batch of MCBXFB magnets produced in the industry are presented, including both the results of training and magnetic measurements. An endurance test was made to check the reliability of the magnets after a large number of powering cycles and torque inversions.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. MBRD Prototype Cold Tests: Mechanical Stability and Performances

Author

Bersani, A., Bracco, M., Caiffi, B., Farinon, S., Foussat, A., Gagno, A., Guinchard, M., Levi, F., Novelli, D., Pampaloni, A., Sala, N., Todesco, E., and Willering, G.

Abstract

The High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) foresees the replacement of magnets around the interaction points of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. One of these is the recombination dipole MBRD (Main Bending Recombination Dipole), or D2. It consists of a cosine-theta magnet, double aperture with same polarity, wound with a Nb-Ti Rutherford cable, featuring a central field of 4.5 T, a magnetic length of 7.78 m and a 105 mm bore (diameter). In this paper we present the test results of the full-length prototype with a special focus on the mechanical measurements. The prototype has been instrumented with tens of strain gauges to monitor the mechanical behaviour and to allow for a comparison to the finite elements model of the magnet, to achieve a firm interpretation of the collected data in view of the series construction. In this contribution, the most important collected data will be shown, and compared with simulations results, giving a precise description of the mechanical performances of the prototype, with an outlook to the construction of the series magnets.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Field Quality Analysis of the Separation-Recombination Dipole MBRD for the High-Luminosity Upgrade of LHC

Author

Pampaloni, A., Bersani, A., Bracco, M., Caiffi, B., Farinon, S., Fiscarelli, L., Foussat, A., Gagno, A., Levi, F., Ninet, G., Novelli, D., Sala, N., Todesco, E., and Willering, G.

Abstract

The Main Bending Recombination Dipole (MBRD), or D2, is one of the magnets foreseen by the High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). D2 features a double aperture, Nb-Ti, cos $\theta$ dipole, with a central field of 4.5 T for a length of 7.78 m, hence with an integrated magnetic field of 35 T$\cdot$ m, in a 105 mm bore. The project includes the fabrication of a 1.6 m long model, a full-length prototype and six series magnets, two of which are spare. Till now, the short model and the prototype have been successfully constructed and tested in 2020 and 2023, while the series magnets are presently under manufacturing and the warm magnetic measurements of the first built magnet were performed at the end of July 2023. This contribution will report the final field quality analysis of the prototype and the preliminary one of the series magnets, including results of the first measurements at room temperature (RT), a comparison with the ROXIE simulations and the expected field quality at operating conditions.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Assembly and Power Tests of the Long Orbit Nested Corrector Prototype for HL-LHC

Author

Duran, O., Dominguez, M., Garcia-Matos, J. A., Garcia-Tabares, L., Gonzalez, L. A., Martinez, T., Jardim, C. Martins, Perez, J. M., Toral, F., Fiscarelli, L., Guinchard, M., Perez, J. C., Rogacki, P., Todesco, E., and Willering, G.

Abstract

MCBXFA magnets are long orbit nested correctors for the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC. They are the 2.5 m long version of the short orbit correctors MCBXFB, sharing the same cross-section. The components of the first prototype MCBXFAP1 have been produced by CIEMAT. The magnet was assembled in collaboration with CERN at its facilities (927 laboratory). This article depicts in first place the assembly steps of MCBXFAP1, which required the fabrication of custom tooling and faced some difficulties, mainly caused by the additional length compared to the short corrector. Shimming plan and magnet length adjustment are reported. After that, the powering test results at the CERN test station (SM-18) and the magnetic measurements campaign are presented.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Validating the Physics-Driven Lumped-Element Model of the LHC Main Dipole Magnet

Author

Janitschke, M., Bednarek, M., Ravaioli, E., Verweij, A.P., Willering, G., Wozniak, M., and Rienen, U. van

Abstract

Measuring the complex impedance of a superconducting magnet as a function of frequency provides valuable insight into its electrodynamics. In particular, the characteristic features of some non-conform behaviour, such as an insulation fault, may be easier to assess when performing impedance measurements rather than observing time-domain signals. A physics-driven equivalent circuit model of a superconducting magnet has been recently developed, whose parameters are derived using solely measured geometric and material properties. This contribution describes its validation against impedance measurements of a spare LHC superconducting main dipole, performed at the CERN magnet test facility. The proposed model includes lumped-elements capturing individual physical phenomena, such as superconducting filament magnetization, inter-filament and inter-strand coupling currents, eddy currents in the strand copper matrix and various magnet components, and stray capacitances. It is possible to predict the impact of different physical effects in different frequency ranges and compare simulations to experimental results. It is shown that the validated model can accurately reproduce the magnet's impedance in a frequency range up to 5 kHz in the different conditions considered.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. First Implementation of the CLIQ Quench Protection System on a 14-m-Long Full-Scale LHC Dipole Magnet

Author

Ravaioli, E, Datskov, VI, Dib, G, Navarro, AM Fernandez, Kirby, G, Maciejewski, M, Kate, HHJ ten, Verweij, AP, and Willering, G

Subjects
Affordable and Clean Energy, Accelerator magnet, circuit modeling, CLIQ, quench protection, superconducting coil, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

The coupling-loss-induced quench (CLIQ) is an innovative system for the protection of superconducting magnets. Its energy-deposition mechanism, based on coupling loss generated directly in the superconductor, is fundamentally faster than heat diffusion, upon which traditional quench-heater-based systems rely. CLIQ electrical design relies on simple and robust components, i.e., easy to install and be replaced in case of damage. After being successfully tested on model magnets of different geometries and types of superconductor, CLIQ is now applied for the first time for the protection of a full-scale dipole magnet. For this purpose, a 14-m-long LHC twin-aperture dipole magnet is equipped with CLIQ terminals and two 80-mF 500-V CLIQ units are connected to its windings. Experimental results obtained under various operating conditions convincingly show that a CLIQ-based quench protection system can effectively protect large-scale magnets by quickly and homogeneously transferring to the normal-state voluminous regions of the winding packs. A developed dedicated simulation code correctly reproduces the complex electrothermal transient occurring during a CLIQ discharge. The successful test completes the development program of CLIQ quench protection systems, which has convincingly demonstrated the maturity and readiness of the system for application in large-scale magnet systems.

Published
2016

13. First Implementation of the CLIQ Quench Protection System on a Full-Scale Accelerator Quadrupole Magnet

Author

Ravaioli, E, Bajas, H, Datskov, VI, Desbiolles, V, Feuvrier, J, Kirby, G, Maciejewski, M, Ten Kate, HHJ, Verweij, AP, and Willering, G

Subjects
Accelerator magnet, circuit modeling, CLIQ, quench protection, superconducting coil, General Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Materials Engineering
Abstract

The coupling-loss induced quench system (CLIQ) is an innovative method for the protection of high-field superconducting magnets. With respect to the conventional method based on quench heaters, it offers significant advantages in terms of electrical robustness and energy-deposition velocity. Its effective intrawire heating mechanism targets a fast and homogeneous transition to the normal state of the winding pack, hence assuring a quick magnet discharge and avoiding overheating of the coil's hot spot. Furthermore, it is possible to implement CLIQ as a time- and cost-effective repair solution for the protection of existing magnets with broken quench heaters. After being successfully tested on model magnets of different geometries and made of different types of superconductor, CLIQ is now applied for the first time for the protection of a full-scale quadrupole magnet at the CERN magnet test facility. One aperture of a 3.4-m-long LHC matching quadrupole magnet is equipped with dedicated terminals to allow the connection of a CLIQ system. Experimental results convincingly show that CLIQ can protect this coil over the entire range of operating conditions. The complex electrothermal transients during a CLIQ discharge are successfully reproduced by means of a 2-D model. The test is part of the RD program of CLIQ quench protection systems, which has convincingly demonstrated the maturity of this technology and its effectiveness also for large-scale magnet systems. The proposed CLIQ-based solution for the quench protection of the LHC matching quadrupole magnet is now ready to be implemented in the LHC machine if needed.

Published
2016

14. Models and experimental results from the wide aperture Nb-Ti magnets for the LHC upgrade

Author

Kirby, G., Auchmann, B., Bajko, M., Charrondiere, M., Bourcey, N., Datskov, V. I., Fessia, P., Feuvrier, J., Galbraith, P., Tabares, A. Garcia, Garcia-Perez, J., Granieri, P., Hagen, P., Lorin, C., Perez, J. C., Russenschuck, S., Sahner, T., Segreti, M., Todesco, E., and Willering, G.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

MQXC is a Nb-Ti quadrupole designed to meet the accelerator quality requirements needed for the phase-1 LHC upgrade, now superseded by the high luminosity upgrade foreseen in 2021. The 2-m-long model magnet was tested at room temperature and 1.9 K. The technology developed for this magnet is relevant for other magnets currently under development for the high-luminosity upgrade, namely D1 (at KEK) and the large aperture twin quadrupole Q4 (at CEA). In this paper we present MQXC test results, some of the specialized heat extraction features, spot heaters, temperature sensor mounting and voltage tap development for the special open cable insulation. We look at some problem solving with noisy signals, give an overview of electrical testing, look at how we calculate the coil resistance during at quench and show that the heaters are not working We describe the quench signals and its timing, the development of the quench heaters and give an explanation of an Excel quench calculation and its comparison including the good agreement with the MQXC test results. We propose an improvement to the magnet circuit design to reduce voltage to ground values by factor 2. The program is then used to predict quench Hot-Spot and Voltages values for the D1 dipole and the Q4 quadrupole., Comment: 8 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet, Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Final Development and Test Preparation of the First 3.7 m Long Nb3Sn Quadrupole by LARP

Author

Ambrosio, G, Andreev, N, Anerella, M, Barzi, E, Bingham, B, Bocian, D, Bordini, B, Bossert, R, Bottura, L, Caspi, S, Chlachidize, G, De Rapper, WM, Dietderich, D, Escallier, J, Felice, H, Ferracin, P, Ghosh, A, Godeke, A, Hafalia, R, Hannaford, R, Jochen, G, Kashikhin, VV, Kovach, P, Lamm, M, McInturff, A, Muratore, J, Nobrega, F, Novitsky, I, Orris, D, Peggs, S, Prebys, E, Prestemon, S, Sabbi, GL, Schmalzle, J, Sylvester, C, Tartaglia, M, Turrioni, D, Velev, G, Wanderer, P, Whitson, G, Willering, G, and Zlobin, AV

Subjects
LARP, long magnet, Nb3Sn, superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

The test of the first LARP (LHC Accelerator Research Program) Long Quadrupole is a significant milestone toward the development of Nb3Sn quadrupoles for LHC (Large Hadron Collider) Luminosity Upgrades. These 3.7-m long magnets, scaled from the 1-m long Technological Quadrupoles, are used to develop our capabilities to fabricate and assemble Nb3Sn coils and structures with lengths comparable to accelerator magnet dimensions. The long quadruples have a target gradient of 200 T/m in a 90-mm aperture. Pre-stress and support are provided by an Al-shell-based structure pre-loaded using bladders and keys. The coils were fabricated at BNL and FNAL, the hell-based structure was designed and assembled at LBNL, the test is performed at FNAL. In this paper we present the final steps of the development of the first model (LQS01), several upgrades to the test facility, the test results of witness cables, and the short sample limit © 2006 IEEE.

Published
2010

16. First Short Orbit Nested Corrector Magnet for HL-LHC Produced in the Industry

Author

Jardim, C. Martins, Alcazar, C., Dominguez, M. A., Duran, O., Estevez, A., Garcia-Matos, J. A., Garcia-Tabares, L., Gonzalez, L., Gomez, P., Jimenez, J., Martinez, L. M., Martinez, T., Pardo, J. A., Perez, J. M., Sobrino, P., Toral, F., Basabe, I., Hernando, G., Lopez, M., Lucas, J., Onate, M., Ferradas, S., Fiscarelli, L., Guinchard, M., Perez, J. C., Rogacki, P., Todesco, E., and Willering, G.

Abstract

MCBXF magnets are nested orbit combined correctors for the upgrade of the LHC. Two prototypes and the first series magnet were manufactured at CIEMAT and assembled at CERN, in the framework of the HL-LHC project. A fine tuning of the inner dipole design was introduced in the first series magnet to improve the mechanical support at the inner dipole coil ends, with a significant performance improvement. The contract to supply the rest of the series magnets, 6 long (MCBXFA) and 11 short (MCBXFB) magnets, has been awarded to the company Elytt Energy. This paper depicts the manufacturing and powering test results of the first MCBXFB magnet produced in Elytt Energy. In order to mitigate risks prior to the assembly of this magnet, a new reassembly of the second prototype magnet with shorter inner coils, according to the above-mentioned fine tuning, has been tested. The results of this powering test are also detailed.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Status and Challenges of the Interaction Region Magnets for HL-LHC

Author

Todesco, E., Izquierdo Bermudez, S., Foussat, A., Gautheron, E., Kirby, G., Felice, H., Perez, J. C., Fleiter, J., Barth, C., Milanese, A., Prin, H., Lusa, N., Ferradas Troitino, J., Ferradas Troitino, S., Mangiarotti, F., Principe, R., Willering, G., Duarte Ramos, D., Ballarino, A., Russenschuck, S., Devred, A., Bednarek, M., Rodriguez-Mateos, F., Statera, M., Prioli, M., Sorbi, M., Mariotto, S., Farinon, S., Bersani, A., Caiffi, B., Fabbricatore, P., Levi, F., Pampaloni, A., Toral, F., Martins, C., Garcia Matos, J., Nakamoto, T., Sugano, M., Suzuki, K., Xu, Q., Wang, Y., Wei, W., Apollinari, G., Carcagno, R., Feher, S., Ambrosio, G., Baldini, M., Yu, M., Nobrega, A., Vouris, A., Chlachidze, G., Stoynev, S., Amm, K., Schmalzle, J., Anarella, M., Muratore, J., Ben Yahia, A., Joshi, P., Ferracin, P., Prestemon, S., Cheng, D., Strauss, T., and Cooley, L.

Abstract

About one hundred magnets of six different types shall be installed in the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) in the years 2026--2028 at CERN. The magnets design, construction and test are based on CERN collaborations with institutes and industrial partners in USA, Spain, Italy, Japan and China. Three types of correctors are based on Nb–Ti technology and feature conductor peak fields in the 2 to 4 T range: for all of them the protoype phase has been successfully completed. The production is well advanced for the superferric correctors, and is starting for the canted cos theta correctors and for the nested correctors. The separation and recombination Nb–Ti dipoles D1 and D2, with a 4.5-6 T bore field range, are both in the prototype phase after the completion of the short model program. The most challenging magnet, the Nb3Sn quadrupole with conductor peak field above 11 T, is in the prototype phase at CERN and halfway through the production phase in the USA. In this paper we will give, for each type of magnet, an overview of the main achievements obtained so far and we will outline the technical points still needing validation from the prototype program.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Cold Powering Performance of the First 2 m Nb3Sn DS11T Twin-Aperture Model Magnet at CERN

Author

Willering, G. P., primary, Bajko, M., additional, Bajas, H., additional, Bordini, B., additional, Bottura, L., additional, Feuvrier, J., additional, Fiscarelli, L., additional, Guinchard, M., additional, Izquierdo Bermudez, S., additional, Karppinen, M., additional, Loffler, C., additional, Perez, J.-C., additional, de Rijk, G., additional, Savary, F., additional, and Smekens, D., additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Performance of the cold powered diodes and diode leads in the main magnets of the LHC

Author

Willering, G P, primary, Giloux, C, additional, Bajko, M, additional, Bednarek, M, additional, Bottura, L, additional, Charifoulline, Z, additional, Dahlerup-Petersen, K, additional, Dib, G, additional, D'Angelo, G, additional, Gharib, A, additional, Grand-Clement, L, additional, Bermudez, S Izquierdo, additional, Prin, H, additional, Roger, V, additional, Rowan, S, additional, Savary, F, additional, Tock, J-Ph, additional, and Verweij, A, additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Current Redistribution around the Superconducting-to-normal Transition in Superconducting Nb-Ti Rutherford Cables

Author

Willering, G P, Verweij, A, and ten Kate, H H J

Subjects
Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

Sufficient thermal-electromagnetic stability against external heat sources is an essential design criterion for superconducting Rutherford cables, especially if operated close to the critical current. Due to the complex phenomena contributing to stability such as helium cooling, inter-strand current and heat transfer, its level is difficult to quantify. In order to improve our understanding, many stability tests were performed on different cable samples, each incorporating several point-like heaters. The current redistribution around the heat front is measured after inducing a local normal zone in one strand of the cable. By using voltage taps, expansion of the normal zone is monitored in the initially quenched strand as well as in adjacent strands. An array of Hall probes positioned at the cable edge is used to scan the selffield generated by the cable by which it becomes possible to estimate the inter-strand current transfer. In this paper it is demonstrated that two different stability regimes can be distinguished depending on the local conditions for local normal zone recovery through heat and current transfer to adjacent strands. It is shown that in the first regime every normal zone will lead to a quench, while in the second regime a normal zone in one strand can recover. Combining the predictions developed using a novel version of the numerical network model CUDI and new measurement results, it is possible to derive char acteristic quench decision times as well to calculate and predict the influence of a change in cable parameters.

Published
2007

24. Consolidation of the 13 kA Interconnects in the LHC for Operation at 7 TeV

Author

Verweij, A. P., primary, Bertinelli, F., additional, Lasheras, N.Catalan, additional, Charifoulline, Z., additional, Denz, R., additional, Fessia, P., additional, Garion, C., additional, ten Kate, H. H. J., additional, Koratzinos, M., additional, Mathot, S., additional, Perin, A., additional, Scheuerlein, C., additional, Sgobba, S., additional, Steckert, J., additional, Tock, J.-P., additional, and Willering, G. P., additional

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. First Tests of Twisted-Pair HTS 1 kA Range Cables for Use in Superconducting Links.

Author

Ballarino, A., Fleiter, J., Hurte, J., Sitko, M., and Willering, G.

Subjects
HIGH temperature superconductors, CABLES, ELECTRIC power transmission, YTTRIUM barium copper oxide, HELIUM, CRITICAL currents, MECHANICAL behavior of materials
Abstract

Abstract: The requirement at CERN for 1 kA range High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cables optimized for long electrical transfer has led to the design and assembly of a novel type of cable that can be made from pre-reacted MgB2, Bi-2223 or YBCO tapes. The cable consists of an assembly of twisted pairs, each of which is made from three superconducting tapes with the required copper stabilizer. The twisted pair cable is designed to transfer a DC current of ± 600 A in helium gas environment. The paper reports on the results of the electrical tests performed on twisted-pair cables of identical structure and made from commercially available MgB2, Bi-2223 and YBCO tapes. The twist pitch of the cables is adapted to match the mechanical properties of the different superconductors. Critical current tests were performed at both liquid helium and liquid nitrogen temperature. The electrical performance of several cables made from different conductors is reported and compared. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Difference in Stability Between Edge and Center in a Rutherford Cable.

Author

Willering, G. P., Verweij, A. P., Scheuerlein, C., den Ouden, A., and J. ten Kate, H. H.

Subjects
*CABLES, *MAGNETS, *ELECTRIC generators, *ELECTRIC windings, *MAGNETIC fields, *HELIUM, *STABILITY (Mechanics), *THERMAL conductivity, *HEAT conduction, *ANALYTICAL chemistry
Abstract

Keystoned superconducting Rutherford cables are widely used in accelerator magnets like in the LHC at CERN. An essential requirement in the cable design is its stability against local heat releases in the magnet windings originating from for example, strand movement or beam loss. Beam loss is the highest at the coil inner radius of the magnet, where also the magnetic field peaks. Also the local compaction of the cable is maximum here and hence the helium content minimum. When performing stability measurements on several superconducting Nb-Ti cables used in LHC dipole and quadrupole magnets, we observed that the stability against point-like heat disturbances is much worse very close to the cable edges as compared to the central part of the cable. The main reason is related to the geometry of the cable causing variation of many parameters across the cable width, like inter-strand electrical resistance, inter-strand heat conductivity, cooled strand surfaces and RRR. In this paper we show results of new stability experiments and thoroughly compare the data with results obtained with the numerical network model CUD!, which is updated for stability simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Stability of Nb-Ti Rutherford Cables Exhibiting Different Contact Resistances.

Author

Willering, G. P., Verweij, A. P., Kaugerts, J., and ten Kate, H. H. J.

Subjects
*MAGNETS, *CABLES, *ALTERNATING currents, *HEAT, *STABILITY (Mechanics), *NUMERICAL calculations, *HEAT transfer, *MAGNETISM, *ANALYTICAL chemistry
Abstract

Dipole magnets for the so-called SIS-300 heavy-ion synchrotron at GSI are designed to generate 6 T with a field sweep rate of 1 T/s. H is foreseen to wind the magnets with a 36 strands Nb-Ti Rutherford cable. An important issue in the cable design is sufficiently low AC loss and stability as well. In order to keep the AC loss at low level, the contact resistance between crossing strands R~ is kept high by putting a stainless steel core in the cable. The contact resistance between adjacent strands Ra is controlled by oxidation of the Sn-Ag coating of the strands, like in the LHC. In order to investigate the effect of Ra on the stability of the cable, we prepared four samples with different Ra by varying the heat treatment and applying a soldering technique, resulting in values between 1 μΩ to 9 mΩ. The stability of each sample against transient point-like heat pulses was measured. The results of the stability experiments and a comparison with calculations using the network model CUDI are presented. It is concluded that variation of Ra has a strong influence on cable stability and that optimization of Ra is mandatory to properly design the cable for the SIS-300 magnets, or likewise for similar magnets that might be used at CERN for a possible LHC injector upgrade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Consolidation of the LHC superconducting circuits: A major step towards 14 tev collisions

Author

Tock, J. Ph, Bertinelli, F., Bordry, F., Fessia, P., Ostojic, R., Perin, A., Prin, H., Savary, F., Christian Scheuerlein, Kate, H. H. J. T., Verweij, A. P., and Willering, G. P.

Subjects
Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

Following the incident in one of the main dipole circuits of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in September 2008, a detailed analysis of all magnet circuits has been performed by a dedicated task force. This analysis has revealed critical issues in the design of the 13 kA splices between the superconducting dipole and quadrupole magnets. These splices have to be consolidated before increasing the beam energy above 4 TeV and operating the LHC at 6.5-7 TeV per beam. The design of the consolidated 13 kA splices is complete and has been reviewed by an international committee of experts. Also, all other types of superconducting circuits have been thoroughly screened for potential safety issues and several important recommendations were established. They were critically assessed and the resulting actions are presented. In addition to the work on the 13 kA splices, other interventions will be performed during the first long shut-down of the LHC to consolidate globally all superconducting circuits. The associated quality control has been defined. Schedule constraints, repair production rate, available space and resources are presented as well.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results