36,607 results on '"Williams, David A."'
Search Results
2. A novel high-titer, bifunctional lentiviral vector for autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy of sickle cell disease.
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Hart, Kevyn, Liu, Boya, Brown, Devin, Campo-Fernandez, Beatriz, Tam, Kevin, Orr, Katherine, Hollis, Roger, Brendel, Christian, Williams, David, and Kohn, Donald
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BCL11A ,anti-sickling hemoglobin ,gene therapy ,hematopoietic stem cells ,lentiviral vector ,shmiR ,sickle cell disease - Abstract
A major limitation of gene therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) is the availability and access to a potentially curative one-time treatment, due to high treatment costs. We have developed a high-titer bifunctional lentiviral vector (LVV) in a vector backbone that has reduced size, high vector yields, and efficient gene transfer to human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This LVV contains locus control region cores expressing an anti-sickling βAS3-globin gene and two microRNA-adapted short hairpin RNA simultaneously targeting BCL11A and ZNF410 transcripts to maximally induce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression. This LVV induces high levels of anti-sickling hemoglobins (HbAAS3 + HbF), while concurrently decreasing sickle hemoglobin (HbS). The decrease in HbS and increased anti-sickling hemoglobin impedes deoxygenated HbS polymerization and red blood cell sickling at low vector copy per cell in transduced SCD patient CD34+ cells differentiated into erythrocytes. The dual alterations in red cell hemoglobins ameliorated the SCD phenotype in the SCD Berkeley mouse model in vivo. With high titer and enhanced transduction of HSPC at a low multiplicity of infection, this LVV will increase the number of patient doses of vector from production lots to decrease costs and help improve accessibility to gene therapy for SCD.
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- 2024
3. LBT SHARK-VIS Observes a Major Resurfacing Event on Io
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Conrad, Al, Pedichini, Fernando, Causi, Gianluca Li, Antoniucci, Simone, de Pater, Imke, Davies, Ashley Gerard, de Kleer, Katherine, Piazzesi, Roberto, Testa, Vincenzo, Vaccari, Piero, Vicinanza, Martina, Power, Jennifer, Ertel, Steve, Shields, Joseph C., Ragland, Sam, Giorgi, Fabrizio, Jefferies, Stuart M., Hope, Douglas, Perry, Jason, Williams, David A., and Nelson, David M.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes on Io's surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes. Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a ground-based telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io's trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io's surface using adaptive optics at visible wavelengths., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures
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- 2024
4. An explicit construction of optimized interpolation points on the 4-simplex
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Gobel, Trenton J. and Williams, David M.
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,76M10, 65D05, 65M12, 65M60 - Abstract
In this work, a family of symmetric interpolation points are generated on the four-dimensional simplex (i.e. the pentatope). These points are optimized in order to minimize the Lebesgue constant. The process of generating these points closely follows that outlined by Warburton in "An explicit construction of interpolation nodes on the simplex," Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 2006. Here, Warburton generated optimal interpolation points on the triangle and tetrahedron by formulating explicit geometric warping and blending functions, and applying these functions to equidistant nodal distributions. The locations of the resulting points were Lebesgue-optimized. In our work, we extend this procedure to four dimensions, and construct interpolation points on the pentatope up to order ten. The Lebesgue constants of our nodal sets are calculated, and are shown to outperform those of equidistant nodal distributions.
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- 2024
5. A Characterization of Quasi-homogeneous Bivariate Polynomials
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Bradley-Williams, David, Kovacsics, Pablo Cubides, and Halupczok, Immanuel
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Mathematics - Commutative Algebra ,Primary 12E10, 12E05: Secondary 14C17 - Abstract
If a reduced bivariate polynomial is quasi-homogeneous, then its discriminant is a monomial. Over fields of characteristic $0$, we show that if one adds another simple condition, this becomes an equivalence. We also give a third equivalent condition that is stated geometrically., Comment: Fixed minor mistakes, reordered the introduction, streamlined some terminology and extended the result to large positive characteristic
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- 2024
6. Physics-informed generative model for drug-like molecule conformers
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Williams, David C. and Inala, Neil
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Quantitative Biology - Biomolecules ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
We present a diffusion-based, generative model for conformer generation. Our model is focused on the reproduction of bonded structure and is constructed from the associated terms traditionally found in classical force fields to ensure a physically relevant representation. Techniques in deep learning are used to infer atom typing and geometric parameters from a training set. Conformer sampling is achieved by taking advantage of recent advancements in diffusion-based generation. By training on large, synthetic data sets of diverse, drug-like molecules optimized with the semiempirical GFN2-xTB method, high accuracy is achieved for bonded parameters, exceeding that of conventional, knowledge-based methods. Results are also compared to experimental structures from the Protein Databank (PDB) and Cambridge Structural Database (CSD)., Comment: To appear in the Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling
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- 2024
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7. Versatile mixed methods for compressible flows
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Miller, Edward A. and Williams, David M.
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,76M10, 65M12, 65M60, 76D05 - Abstract
Versatile mixed finite element methods were originally developed by Chen and Williams for isothermal incompressible flows in "Versatile mixed methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations," Computers & Mathematics with Applications, Volume 80, 2020. Thereafter, these methods were extended by Miller, Chen, and Williams to non-isothermal incompressible flows in "Versatile mixed methods for non-isothermal incompressible flows," Computers & Mathematics with Applications, Volume 125, 2022. The main advantage of these methods lies in their flexibility. Unlike traditional mixed methods, they retain the divergence terms in the momentum and temperature equations. As a result, the favorable properties of the schemes are maintained even in the presence of non-zero divergence. This makes them an ideal candidate for an extension to compressible flows, in which the divergence does not generally vanish. In the present article, we finally construct the fully-compressible extension of the methods. In addition, we demonstrate the excellent performance of the resulting methods for weakly-compressible flows that arise near the incompressible limit, as well as more strongly-compressible flows that arise near Mach 0.5., Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
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- 2024
8. Mitigating Distributional Shift in Semantic Segmentation via Uncertainty Estimation from Unlabelled Data
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Williams, David S. W., De Martini, Daniele, Gadd, Matthew, and Newman, Paul
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Robotics - Abstract
Knowing when a trained segmentation model is encountering data that is different to its training data is important. Understanding and mitigating the effects of this play an important part in their application from a performance and assurance perspective - this being a safety concern in applications such as autonomous vehicles (AVs). This work presents a segmentation network that can detect errors caused by challenging test domains without any additional annotation in a single forward pass. As annotation costs limit the diversity of labelled datasets, we use easy-to-obtain, uncurated and unlabelled data to learn to perform uncertainty estimation by selectively enforcing consistency over data augmentation. To this end, a novel segmentation benchmark based on the SAX Dataset is used, which includes labelled test data spanning three autonomous-driving domains, ranging in appearance from dense urban to off-road. The proposed method, named Gamma-SSL, consistently outperforms uncertainty estimation and Out-of-Distribution (OoD) techniques on this difficult benchmark - by up to 10.7% in area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and 19.2% in area under the precision-recall (PR) curve in the most challenging of the three scenarios., Comment: Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Robotics (T-RO)
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- 2024
9. Masked Gamma-SSL: Learning Uncertainty Estimation via Masked Image Modeling
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Williams, David S. W., Gadd, Matthew, Newman, Paul, and De Martini, Daniele
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Robotics - Abstract
This work proposes a semantic segmentation network that produces high-quality uncertainty estimates in a single forward pass. We exploit general representations from foundation models and unlabelled datasets through a Masked Image Modeling (MIM) approach, which is robust to augmentation hyper-parameters and simpler than previous techniques. For neural networks used in safety-critical applications, bias in the training data can lead to errors; therefore it is crucial to understand a network's limitations at run time and act accordingly. To this end, we test our proposed method on a number of test domains including the SAX Segmentation benchmark, which includes labelled test data from dense urban, rural and off-road driving domains. The proposed method consistently outperforms uncertainty estimation and Out-of-Distribution (OoD) techniques on this difficult benchmark., Comment: Accepted for publication at 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
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- 2024
10. Anisotropic Delaunay hypervolume meshing for space-time applications: point insertion, quality heuristics, and bistellar flips
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Anderson, Jude T. and Williams, David M.
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,65M50, 52B11, 31B99, 76M10 - Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive guide to generating unconstrained, simplicial, four-dimensional (4D), hypervolume meshes for space-time applications. While several universal procedures for constructing unconstrained, d-dimensional, anisotropic Delaunay meshes are already known, many of the explicit implementation details are missing from the relevant literature for cases in which d >= 4. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to provide explicit descriptions of the key components in the 4D meshing algorithm: namely, the point-insertion process, geometric predicates, element quality heuristics, and bistellar flips. This paper represents a natural continuation of the work which was pioneered by Anderson et al. in "Surface and hypersurface meshing techniques for space-time finite element methods", Computer-Aided Design, 2023. In this previous paper, hypersurface meshes were generated using a novel, trajectory-tracking procedure. In the current paper, we are interested in generating coarse, 4D hypervolume meshes (boundary meshes) which are formed by sequentially inserting points from an existing hypersurface mesh. In the latter portion of this paper, we present numerical experiments which demonstrate the viability of this approach for a simple, convex domain. Although, our main focus is on the generation of hypervolume boundary meshes, the techniques described in this paper are broadly applicable to a much wider range of 4D meshing methods. We note that the more complex topics of constrained hypervolume meshing, and boundary recovery for non-convex domains will be covered in a companion paper., Comment: 65 pages, 33 figures, and 11 tables
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- 2023
11. Local Cohomology Modules of Binomial Edge Ideals of Complements of Connected Graphs of Girth at Least 5
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Williams, David
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Mathematics - Commutative Algebra ,13C70 (Primary) 13D45, 13F65 (Secondary) - Abstract
We calculate the local cohomology modules of the binomial edge ideals of the complements of connected graphs of girth at least 5 using the tools introduced by \`Alvarez Montaner in arXiv:1901.08645. We then use this calculation to compute the depth, dimension, and regularity of these binomial edge ideals., Comment: 15 pages, v2 includes small changes to several proofs for clarity, and reorganises section 2 into subsections (whilst some numbering has changed, no new results are introduced)
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- 2023
12. Mechanical behavior, petrography and microstructural analysis of mining waste recycled bricks
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Ingunza, Maria P. D., Williams, David, Serati, Medhi, and Olaya, Sebastian Q.
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- 2024
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13. Why so slow? Models of parkinsonian bradykinesia
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Williams, David
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- 2024
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14. Multiple chronic diseases and psychological distress among adults in the United States: the intersectionality of chronic diseases, race/ethnicity, immigration, sex, and insurance coverage
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Adzrago, David, Williams, David R., and Williams, Faustine
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- 2024
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15. Real-World Clinical Experience of Oral Semaglutide in a Secondary Diabetes Clinic in the UK: A Retrospective Observational Study
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Williams, David M., Alberts, Barbara-Alex, Sharaf, Asem, Sharaf, Giselle, Bain, Stephen C., Kalhan, Atul, and Min, Thinzar
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- 2024
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16. Shear Strength and Consolidation Behaviour of Kaolin Clay Reinforced with a Granular Column Backfilled with Crushed Waste Glass
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Kazmi, Danish, Serati, Mehdi, Williams, David J., Olaya, Sebastian Quintero, Qasim, Sadaf, Cheng, Yi Pik, Grizi, Athina, and Javadi, Akbar A.
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- 2024
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17. International postgraduate studies for NZ law graduates : are there any benefits?
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Williams, David A. R.
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- 2021
18. The dense and non-homogeneous circumstellar medium revealed in radio wavelengths around the Type Ib SN 2019oys
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Sfaradi, Itai, Horesh, Assaf, Sollerman, Jesper, Fender, Rob, Rhodes, Lauren, Williams, David R. A., Bright, Joe, Green, Dave A., Schulze, Steve, and Gal-Yam, Avishay
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present here broadband radio observations of the CSM interacting SN2019oys. SN2019oys was first detected in the optical and was classified as a Type Ib SN. Then, about $\sim 100$ days after discovery, it showed an optical rebrightening and a spectral transition to a spectrum dominated by strong narrow emission lines, which suggests strong interaction with a distant, dense, CSM shell. We modeled the broadband, multi-epoch, radio spectra, covering 2.2 to 36 GHz and spanning from 22 to 1425 days after optical discovery, as a synchrotron emitting source. Using this modeling we characterized the shockwave and the mass-loss rate of the progenitor. Our broadband radio observations show strong synchrotron emission. This emission, as observed 201 and 221 days after optical discovery, exhibits signs of free-free absorption from the material in front of the shock traveling in the CSM. In addition, the steep power law of the optically thin regime points towards synchrotron cooling of the radiating electrons. Analyzing these spectra in the context of the SN-CSM interaction model gives a shock velocity of 14,000 $\rm km \, s^{-1}$, and an electron number density of $2.6 \times 10^5 \, \rm cm^{-3}$ at a distance of $2.6 \times 10^{16}$ cm. This translates to a high mass-loss rate from the progenitor massive star of $6.7 \times 10^{-4} \, \rm M_{\odot} yr^{-1}$ for an assumed wind of 100 $\rm km s^{-1}$ (assuming constant mass-loss rate in steady winds). The late-time radio spectra, 392 and 557 days after optical discovery, are showing broad spectral peaks. We show that this can be explained by introducing a non-homogeneous CSM structure., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
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- 2023
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19. User-Centric Deployment of Automated Program Repair at Bloomberg
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Williams, David, Callan, James, Kirbas, Serkan, Mechtaev, Sergey, Petke, Justyna, Prideaux-Ghee, Thomas, and Sarro, Federica
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Computer Science - Software Engineering - Abstract
Automated program repair (APR) tools have unlocked the potential for the rapid rectification of codebase issues. However, to encourage wider adoption of program repair in practice, it is necessary to address the usability concerns related to generating irrelevant or out-of-context patches. When software engineers are presented with patches they deem uninteresting or unhelpful, they are burdened with more "noise" in their workflows and become less likely to engage with APR tools in future. This paper presents a novel approach to optimally time, target, and present auto-generated patches to software engineers. To achieve this, we designed, developed, and deployed a new tool dubbed B-Assist, which leverages GitHub's Suggested Changes interface to seamlessly integrate automated suggestions into active pull requests (PRs), as opposed to creating new, potentially distracting PRs. This strategy ensures that suggestions are not only timely, but also contextually relevant and delivered to engineers most familiar with the affected code. Evaluation among Bloomberg software engineers demonstrated their preference for this approach. From our user study, B-Assist's efficacy is evident, with the acceptance rate of patch suggestions being as high as 74.56%; engineers also found the suggestions valuable, giving usefulness ratings of at least 4 out of 5 in 78.2% of cases. Further, this paper sheds light on persisting usability challenges in APR and lays the groundwork for enhancing the user experience in future APR tools.
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- 2023
20. EPPA numbers of graphs
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Bradley-Williams, David, Cameron, Peter J., Hubička, Jan, and Konečný, Matěj
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Mathematics - Combinatorics ,Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics - Abstract
If $G$ is a graph, $A$ and $B$ its induced subgraphs, and $f\colon A\to B$ an isomorphism, we say that $f$ is a partial automorphism of $G$. In 1992, Hrushovski proved that graphs have the extension property for partial automorphisms (EPPA, also called the Hrushovski property), that is, for every finite graph $G$ there is a finite graph $H$, its EPPA-witness, such that $G$ is an induced subgraph of $H$ and every partial automorphism of $G$ extends to an automorphism of $H$. The EPPA number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\mathop{\mathrm{eppa}}\nolimits(G)$, is the smallest number of vertices of an EPPA-witness for $G$, and we put $\mathop{\mathrm{eppa}}\nolimits(n) = \max\{\mathop{\mathrm{eppa}}\nolimits(G) : \lvert G\rvert = n\}$. In this note we review the state of the area, prove several lower bounds (in particular, we show that $\mathop{\mathrm{eppa}}\nolimits(n)\geq \frac{2^n}{\sqrt{n}}$, thereby identifying the correct base of the exponential) and pose many open questions. We also briefly discuss EPPA numbers of hypergraphs, directed graphs, and $K_k$-free graphs., Comment: 16 pages
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- 2023
21. LF-Covers and Binomial Edge Ideals of K\'{o}nig Type
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Williams, David
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Mathematics - Commutative Algebra ,13C70 (Primary) 13A35, 13D45, 13F65 (Secondary) - Abstract
We give a combinatorial characterisation of connected graphs whose binomial edge ideals are of K\"{o}nig type, developed independently to the similar characterisation given by LaClair in arXiv:2304.13299, and exhibit some classes of graphs satisfying our criteria. For any connected Hamiltonian graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, we compute an explicit root of $H_{J(G)}^{n-1}(R)$ as an $F$-finite $F$-module., Comment: 19 pages, v3 substantially reorganises v2, several proofs have been simplified or rewritten for clarity, and small errors have been corrected (whilst the numbering has changed, no new results are introduced)
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- 2023
22. Io's polar volcanic thermal emission indicative of magma ocean and shallow tidal heating models
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Davies, Ashley Gerard, Perry, Jason, Williams, David A., and Nelson, David M.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
The distribution of Io's volcanic activity likely reflects the position and magnitude of internal tidal heating. We use new observations of Io's polar regions by the Juno spacecraft Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) to complete near-infrared global coverage, revealing the global distribution and magnitude of thermal emission from Io's currently erupting volcanoes. We show that the distribution of volcanic heat flow from 266 active hot spots is consistent with the presence of a global magma ocean, and/or shallow asthenospheric heating. We find that Io's polar volcanoes are less energetic but about the same in number per unit area than at lower latitudes. We also find that volcanic heat flow in the north polar cap is greater than that in the south. The low volcanic advection seen at Io's poles is therefore at odds with measurements of background temperature showing Io's poles are anomalously warm. We suggest that the differences in volcanic thermal emission from Io's poles compared to that at lower latitudes is indicative of lithospheric dichotomies that inhibit volcanic advection towards Io's poles, particularly in the south polar region., Comment: 17 pages, two tables, 7 figures
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- 2023
23. Chasing Gravitational Waves with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
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Green, Jarred Gershon, Carosi, Alessandro, Nava, Lara, Patricelli, Barbara, Schüssler, Fabian, Seglar-Arroyo, Monica, Consortium, Cta, Abe, Kazuki, Abe, Shotaro, Acharyya, Atreya, Adam, Remi, Aguasca-Cabot, Arnau, Agudo, Ivan, Alfaro, Jorge, Alvarez-Crespo, Nuria, Batista, Rafael Alves, Amans, Jean-Philippe, Amato, Elena, Ambrosino, Filippo, Angüner, Ekrem Oguzhan, Antonelli, Lucio Angelo, Aramo, Carla, Arcaro, Cornelia, Arrabito, Luisa, Asano, Katsuaki, Aschersleben, Jann, Ashkar, Halim, Stuani, Luiz Augusto, Baack, Dominik, Backes, Michael, Balazs, Csaba, Balbo, Matteo, Larriva, Andres Baquero, Martins, Victor Barbosa, de Almeida, Ulisses Barres, Barrio, Juan Abel, Bastieri, Denis, Batista, Pedro Ivo, Batković, Ivana, Batzofin, Rowan William, Baxter, Joshua Ryo, Beck, Geoffrey, Tjus, Julia Becker, Beiske, Lukas, Belardinelli, Daniele, Benbow, Wystan, Bernardini, Elisa, Medrano, Juan Bernete, Bernlöhr, Konrad, Berti, Alessio, Beshley, Vasyl, Bhattacharjee, Pooja, Bhattacharyya, Saptashwa, Bi, Baiyang, Biederbeck, Noah, Biland, Adrian, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Blanch, Oscar, Blazek, Jiri, Boisson, Catherine, Bolmont, Julien, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Bordas, Pol, Bošnjak, Željka, Bradascio, Federica, Braiding, Catherine, Bronzini, Ettore, Brose, Robert, Brown, Anthony M., Brun, Francois, Brunelli, Giulia, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Burelli, Irene, Burmistrov, Leonid, Burton, Michael, Bylund, Tomas, Calisse, Paolo Gherardo, Campoy-Ordaz, Anna, Cantlay, Brandon Khan, Capalbi, Milvia, Caproni, Anderson, Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Roberto, Carlile, Colin, Caroff, Sami, Carosi, Roberto, Carrasco, Marie-Sophie, Cascone, Enrico, Cassol, Franca, Castrejon, Noelia, Catalani, Fernando, Cerasole, Davide, Cerruti, Matteo, Chaty, Sylvain, Chen, Andrew W, Chernyakova, Maria, Chiavassa, Andrea, Chudoba, Jiří, Araujo, Carlos Henrique Coimbra, Conforti, Vito, Conte, Francesco, Contreras, Jose Luis, Cossou, Christophe, Costa, Alessandro, Costantini, Heide, Cristofari, Pierre, Cuevas, Omar, Curtis-Ginsberg, Zachary, D'Amico, Giacomo, D'Ammando, Filippo, Dadina, Mauro, Dalchenko, Mykhailo, David, Ludovic, Davids, Isak Delberth, Dazzi, Francesco, De Angelis, Alessandro, de Lavergne, Mathieu de Bony, De Caprio, Vincenzo, De Cesare, Giovanni, Pino, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal, De Lotto, Barbara, de Lucia, Mario, de Menezes, Raniere, de Naurois, Mathieu, Wilhelmi, Emma de Oña, De Simone, Nicola, de Souza, Vitor, Del Peral, Luis, del Valle, Maria Victoria, Delagnes, Eric, Giler, Andres Gabriel Delgado, Delgado, Carlos, Dell'aiera, Michael, Della Ceca, Roberto, Della Valle, Massimo, Della Volpe, Domenico, Depaoli, Davide, Dettlaff, Antonios, Di Girolamo, Tristano, Di Piano, Ambra, Di Pierro, Federico, Di Tria, Riccardo, Di Venere, Leonardo, Díaz-Bahamondes, Christian, Dib, Claudio, Diebold, Sebastian, Dima, Razvan, Dinesh, Adithiya, Djannati-Ataï, Arache, Djuvsland, Julia Isabel, Dominguez, Alberto, Dominik, Rune Michael, Donini, Alice, Dorner, Daniela, Dörner, Julien, Doro, Michele, Anjos, Rita de Cassia dos, Dournaux, Jean-Laurent, Dravins, Dainis, Duangchan, Chaimongkol, Dubos, Coline, Ducci, Lozenzo, Dwarkadas, Vikram V., Ebr, Jan, Eckner, Christopher, Egberts, Kathrin, Einecke, Sabrina, Elsässer, Dominik, Emery, Gabriel, Godoy, Miguel Escobar, Escudero, Juan, Esposito, Paolo, Falceta-Gonçalves, Diego, Ramazani, Vandad Fallah, Faure, Alice, Fedorova, Elena, Fegan, Stephen, Feijen, Kirsty, Feng, Qi, Ferrand, Gilles, Ferrarotto, Fabio, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Fiasson, Armand, Fioretti, Valentina, Foffano, Luca, Guiteras, Lluis Font, Fontaine, Gerard, Fröse, Stefan, Fukami, Satoshi, Fukui, Yasuo, Funk, Stefan, Gaggero, Daniele, Galanti, Giorgio, Galaz, Gaspar, Gallant, Yves A., Gallozzi, Stefano, Gammaldi, Viviana, Gasbarra, Claudio, Gaug, Markus, Ghalumyan, Arsen, Gianotti, Fulvio, Giarrusso, Marina, Giglietto, Nicola, Giordano, Francesco, Giuliani, Andrea, Glicenstein, Jean-Francois, Glombitza, Jonas, Goldoni, Paolo, González, José Mauricio, González, Maria Magdalena, Coelho, Jaziel Goulart, Granot, Jonathan, Grasso, Dario, Haro, Roger Grau, Green, David, Greenshaw, Tim, Grolleron, Guillaume, Grube, Jeff, Gueta, Orel, Gunji, Shuichi, Hadasch, Daniela, Hamal, Petr, Hanlon, William, Hara, Satoshi, Harvey, Violet M., Hashiyama, Kazuaki, Hassan, Tarek, Heller, Matthieu, Cadena, Sergio Hernández, Hie, Jonathan, Hiroshima, Nagisa, Hnatyk, Bohdan, Hnatyk, Roman, Hoffmann, Dirk, Hofmann, Werner, Holler, Markus, Horan, Deirdre, Horvath, Pavel, Hovatta, Talvikki, Hrupec, Dario, Hussain, Saqib, Iarlori, Marco, Inada, Tomohiro, Incardona, Federico, Inome, Yusuke, Inoue, Susumu, Iocco, Fabio, Ishio, Kazuma, Jamrozy, Marek, Janecek, Petr, Jankowsky, Felix, Jarnot, Christian, Jean, Pierre, Martínez, Irene Jiménez, Jin, Weidong, Jocou, Laurent, Juramy-Gilles, Claire, Jurysek, Jakub, KALEKIN, Oleg, Kantzas, Dimitrios, Karas, Vladimir, Kaufmann, Sarah, Kerszberg, Daniel, Khelifi, Bruno, Kieda, David B, Kleiner, Tobias Kai, Kluźniak, Włodzimierz, Kobayashi, Yukiho, Kohri, Kazunori, Komin, Nukri, Kornecki, Paula, Kosack, Karl, Kubo, Hidetoshi, Kushida, Junko, La Barbera, Antonino, La Palombara, Nicola, Lainez, Maria, Lamastra, Alessandra, Lapington, Jon S, Lazarevic, Sanja, Lazendic-Galloway, Jasmina, Leach, Steven, Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne, Lenain, Jean-Philippe, Leto, Giuseppe, Leuschner, Fabian, Lindfors, Elina, Linhoff, Maximilian, Liodakis, Ioannis, Loïc, Lozach, Lombardi, Saverio, Longo, Francesco, López-Coto, Rubén, López-Moya, Marcos, López-Oramas, Alicia, Loporchio, Serena, Bahilo, Julio Lozano, Luque-Escamilla, Pedro L., Macias, Oscar, Maier, Gernot, Majumdar, Pratik, Malyshev, Denys, Malyshev, Dmitry, Mandat, Dusan, Manicò, Giulio, Marinos, Peter David, Markoff, Sera, Márquez, Isabel, Marquez, Patricia, Marsella, Giovanni, Martí, Josep, Martin, Pierrick, Martínez, Gustavo Augusto, Martínez, Manel, Martinez, Oibar, Marty, Christophe, Mas-Aguilar, Alvaro, Mastropietro, Michele, Maurin, Gilles, Max-Moerbeck, Walter, Mazin, Daniel, Melkumyan, David, Menchiari, Stefano, Mestre, Enrique, Meunier, Jean-Luc, Meyer, Dominique M. -A., Miceli, Davide, Michailidis, Miltiadis, Michałowski, Jerzy, Miener, Tjark, Miranda, Jose Miguel, Mitchell, Alison, Mizote, Masaya, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Moderski, Rafal, Mohrmann, Lars, Molero, Miguel, Molfese, Cesare, Molina, Edgar, Montaruli, Teresa, Moralejo, Abelardo, Morcuende, Daniel, Morik, Katharina, Morselli, Aldo, Moulin, Emmanuel, Zamanillo, Victor Moya, Mukherjee, Reshmi, Munari, Kevin, Muraczewski, Adam, Muraishi, Hiroshi, Nakamori, Takeshi, Nayak, Amrit, Nemmen, Rodrigo, Nickel, Lukas, Niemiec, Jacek, Nieto, Daniel, Rosillo, Mireia Nievas, Nikołajuk, Marek, Nishijima, Kyoshi, Noda, Koji, Nosek, Dalibor, Novosyadlyj, Bohdan, Novotný, Vladimír, Nozaki, Seiya, O'Brien, Paul, Ohishi, Michiko, Ohtani, Yoshiki, Okumura, Akira, Olive, Jean-François, Olmi, Barbara, Ong, Rene A., Orienti, Monica, Orito, Reiko, Orlandini, Mauro, Orlando, Elena, Ostrowski, Michal, Otte, Nepomuk, Oya, Igor, Pagano, Isabella, Pagliaro, Antonio, Palatiello, Michele, Panebianco, Gabriele, Paredes, Josep M., Parmiggiani, Nicolò, Patel, Sonal Ramesh, Pavlović, Dijana, Pe'er, Asaf, Pech, Miroslav, Pecimotika, Mario, Peresano, Michele, Pérez-Romero, Judit, Peron, Giada, Persic, Massimo, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Petruk, Oleh, Pfeifle, Felix, Pintore, Fabio, Pirola, Giorgio, Pittori, Carlotta, Plard, Cyann, Podobnik, Franjo, Pohl, Martin, Pons, Estelle, Prandini, Elisa, Prast, Julie, Principe, Giacomo, Priyadarshi, Chaitanya, Produit, Nicolas, Prokhorov, Dmitry, Pueschel, Elisa, Pühlhofer, Gerd, Pumo, Maria Letizia, Punch, Michael, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Raino, Silvia, Randazzo, Nunzio, Rando, Riccardo, Ravel, Thierry, Razzaque, Soebur, Regeard, Maxime, Reichherzer, Patrick, Reimer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reisenegger, Andreas, Reposeur, Thierry, Reville, Brian, Rhode, Wolfgang, Ribó, Marc, Richtler, Tom, Rieger, Frank, Roache, Emmet, Fernandez, Gonzalo Rodriguez, Frías, Maria Dolores Rodríguez, Rodríguez-Vázquez, Juan José, Romano, Patrizia, Romeo, Giuseppe, Rosado, Jaime, Rowell, Gavin P, Rudak, Bronislaw, Ruiter, Ashley J., Rulten, Cameron Boyd, Russo, Federico, Sadeh, Iftach, Saha, Lab, Saito, Takayuki, Sakurai, Shunsuke, Salzmann, Heiko, Sanchez, David, Sanchez-Conde, Miguel, Sangiorgi, Pierluca, Sano, Hidetoshi, Santander, Marcos, Santangelo, Andrea, Santos-Lima, Reinaldo, Sanuy, Andreu, Šarić, Toni, Sarkar, Arkadipta, Sarkar, Subir, Saturni, Francesco Gabriele, Savchenko, Volodymyr, Scherer, Andres, Schipani, Pietro, Schleicher, Bernd, Schovanek, Petr, Schubert, Jan Lukas, Schwanke, Ullrich, Schwefer, Georg, Scuderi, Salvatore, Arroyo, Monica Seglar, Seitenzahl, Ivo, Sergijenko, Olga, Sguera, Vito, Shang, Ruo-Yu, Sharma, Pooja, Sidibe, Guereguin Der Sylvestre, Sidoli, Lara, Siejkowski, Hubert, Siqueira, Clarissa, Sizun, Patrick, Sliusar, Vitalii, Slowikowska, Agnieszka, Sol, Helene, Specovius, Andreas, Spencer, Samuel Timothy, Spiga, Daniele, Stamerra, Antonio, Stanič, Samo, Starecki, Tomasz, Starling, Rhaana, Steppa, Constantin, Stolarczyk, Thierry, Strišković, Jelena, Strzys, Marcel C., Suda, Yusuke, Suomijarvi, Tiina, Tak, Donggeun, Takahashi, Mitsunari, Takeishi, Ryuji, Tam, Pak-Hin Thomas, Tanaka, Shuta J, Tanaka, Takaaki, Terauchi, Kenta, Testa, Vincenzo, Tibaldo, Luigi, Tibolla, Omar, Torradeflot, Francesc, Torres, Diego F., Torresi, Eleonora, Tothill, Nick, Toussenel, Francois, Touzard, Victoria, Tramacere, Andrea, Travnicek, Petr, Tripodo, Giovanni, Truzzi, Stefano, Tsiahina, Adellain, Tutone, Antonio, Vacula, Martin, Vallage, Bertrand, Vallania, Piero, Vallés, Ramon, van Eldik, Christopher, van Scherpenberg, Juliane, Vandenbroucke, Justin, Vassiliev, Vladimir, Venault, Philippe, Ventura, Sofia, Vercellone, Stefano, Verna, Gaia, Viana, Aion, Viaux, Nicolás, Vigliano, Alessandro, Vignatti, Jonatan, Vigorito, Carlo francesco, Vitale, Vincenzo, Vodeb, Veronika, Voisin, Vincent, Vorobiov, Serguei, Voutsinas, Georgios Gerasimos, Vovk, Ievgen, Waegebaert, Vincent, Wagner, Stefan Joachim, Walter, Roland, Ward, Martin, Wechakama, Maneenate, White, Richard, Wierzcholska, Alicja, Will, Martin, Williams, David A., Wohlleben, Frederik, Wolter, Anna, Yamamoto, Tokonatsu, Yamazaki, Ryo, Yang, Lili, Yoshida, Tatsuo, Yoshikoshi, Takanori, Zacharias, Michael, Sanchez, Ricardo Zanmar, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zech, Andreas, Zhdanov, Valery I., Ziȩtara, Krzysztof, Živec, Miha, and Zuriaga-Puig, Jaume
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star merger by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (GW170817), along with the discovery of the electromagnetic counterparts of this gravitational wave event, ushered in a new era of multimessenger astronomy, providing the first direct evidence that BNS mergers are progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Such events may also produce very-high-energy (VHE, > 100GeV) photons which have yet to be detected in coincidence with a gravitational wave signal. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation VHE observatory which aims to be indispensable in this search, with an unparalleled sensitivity and ability to slew anywhere on the sky within a few tens of seconds. New observing modes and follow-up strategies are being developed for CTA to rapidly cover localization areas of gravitational wave events that are typically larger than the CTA field of view. This work will evaluate and provide estimations on the expected number of of gravitational wave events that will be observable with CTA, considering both on- and off-axis emission. In addition, we will present and discuss the prospects of potential follow-up strategies with CTA., Comment: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023), 2023 (arXiv:2309.08219)
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- 2023
24. Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy and Low-Grade Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma Are Associated with Altered Microbial Tryptophan Catabolism in Cats.
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Barko, Patrick, Williams, David, Wu, Yu-An, Steiner, Joerg, Suchodolski, Jan, Gal, Arnon, and Marsilio, Sina
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alimentary small cell lymphoma ,chronic enteropathy ,indole ,inflammatory bowel disease ,microbial indole catabolites of tryptophan - Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL) are common chronic enteropathies (CE) in cats. Enteric microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of CE; however, the mechanisms of host-microbiome interactions are poorly understood in cats. Microbial indole catabolites of tryptophan (MICT) are gut bacterial catabolites of tryptophan that are hypothesized to regulate intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier function. MICTs are decreased in the sera of humans with inflammatory bowel disease and previous studies identified altered tryptophan metabolism in cats with CE. We sought to determine whether MICTs were decreased in cats with CE using archived serum samples from cats with CIE (n = 44) or LGITL (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 26). Quantitative LC-MS/MS was used to measure serum concentrations of tryptophan, its endogenous catabolites (kynurenine, kynurenate, serotonin) and MICTs (indolepyruvate, indolealdehyde, indoleacrylate, indoleacetamide, indoleacetate, indolelactate, indolepropionate, tryptamine). Serum concentrations of tryptophan, indolepropionate, indoleacrylate, indolealdehyde, indolepyruvate, indolelactate were significantly decreased in the CIE and LGITL groups compared to those in healthy controls. Indolelactate concentrations were significantly lower in cats with LGITL compared to CIE (p = 0.006). Significant correlations were detected among serum MICTs and cobalamin, folate, fPLI, and fTLI. Our findings suggest that MICTs are promising biomarkers to investigate the role of gut bacteria in the pathobiology of chronic enteropathies in cats.
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- 2023
25. Adventist Hymnody and Music
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Williams, David A., Campbell, Michael W., book editor, Chow, Christie Chui-Shan, book editor, Kaiser, Denis, book editor, Miller, Nicholas P., book editor, and Holland, David F., book editor
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- 2024
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26. Maternal Subjective Wellbeing and the Cognitive and Socioemotional Outcomes of 3- to 4-Year-Old Children in Nigeria
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Enelamah, Ngozi V., Lombe, Margaret, Betancourt, Theresa S., Shen, Ce, and Williams, David R.
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- 2024
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27. Changes in Cognitive Function Following Bariatric Surgery: An Updated Systematic Review
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Hathaway, Isaac, Momodu, Oshiokhe Esther, Williams, David M., Beamish, Andrew J., Barry, Jonathan, and Stephens, Jeffrey W.
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- 2024
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28. Offspring sex modifies the association between early-pregnancy adiposity and 2-year-old physical activity—The Glowing Study
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Diaz, Eva C., Williams, David K., Howie, Erin K., Børsheim, Elisabet, and Andres, Aline
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- 2024
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29. Instrumented column testing on long-term consolidation and desiccation behaviour of coal tailings under natural weather conditions
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Zhang, Wenqiang, Zhang, Chenming, Lei, Ximing, Quintero Olaya, Sebastian, Zhu, Yuyang, Zhao, Zicheng, Jensen, Steve, and Williams, David John
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- 2024
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30. Proactive enteral nutrition for patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation- implementation and clinical outcomes
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Andersen, Sarah, Fichera, Rebecca, Banks, Merrilyn, Brown, Teresa, Kennedy, Glen, Weber, Nicholas, Williams, David, and Bauer, Judy
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- 2024
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31. Doppler-aware Odometry from FMCW Scanning Radar
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Rennie, Fraser, Williams, David, Newman, Paul, and De Martini, Daniele
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Computer Science - Robotics - Abstract
This work explores Doppler information from a millimetre-Wave (mm-W) Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) scanning radar to make odometry estimation more robust and accurate. Firstly, doppler information is added to the scan masking process to enhance correlative scan matching. Secondly, we train a Neural Network (NN) for regressing forward velocity directly from a single radar scan; we fuse this estimate with the correlative scan matching estimate and show improved robustness to bad estimates caused by challenging environment geometries, e.g. narrow tunnels. We test our method with a novel custom dataset which is released with this work at https://ori.ox.ac.uk/publications/datasets., Comment: Accepted to ITSC 2023
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- 2023
32. PeV Gamma-ray Astronomy With Panoramic Optical SETI Telescopes
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Korzoun, Nikolas, Benbow, Wystan, Brown, Aaron, Foote, Gregory, Hanlon, William F., Hervet, Olivier, Hoang, John, Holder, Jamie, Horowitz, Paul, Liu, Wei, Maire, Jérôme, Rault-Wang, Nicolas, Werthimer, Dan, Wiley, James, Williams, David A., and Wright, Shelley A.
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The Panoramic Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (PANOSETI) experiment is designed to detect pulsed optical signals on nanosecond timescales. PANOSETI is therefore sensitive to Cherenkov radiation generated by extensive air showers, and can be used for gamma-ray astronomy. Each PANOSETI telescope uses a 0.5 m Fresnel lens to focus light onto a 1024 pixel silicon photomultiplier camera that images a 9.9$^\circ\times$9.9$^\circ$ square field of view. Recent detections of PeV gamma-rays from extended sources in the Galactic Plane motivate constructing an array with effective area and angular resolution surpassing current observatories. The PANOSETI telescopes are much smaller and far more affordable than traditional imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACT), making them ideal instruments to construct such an array. We present the results of coincident observations between two PANOSETI telescopes and the gamma-ray observatory VERITAS, along with simulations characterizing the performance of a PANOSETI IACT array., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings for the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023) in Nagoya Japan, Jul 26 - Aug 3, 2023
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- 2023
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33. Conforming Finite Element Function Spaces in Four Dimensions, Part II: The Pentatope and Tetrahedral Prism
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Williams, David M. and Nigam, Nilima
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,14F40, 52B11, 58A12, 65D05, 74S05 - Abstract
In this paper, we present explicit expressions for conforming finite element function spaces, basis functions, and degrees of freedom on the pentatope and tetrahedral prism elements. More generally, our objective is to construct finite element function spaces that maintain conformity with infinite-dimensional spaces of a carefully chosen de Rham complex. This paper is a natural extension of the companion paper entitled "Conforming Finite Element Function Spaces in Four Dimensions, Part I: Foundational Principles and the Tesseract" by Nigam and Williams, (2023). In contrast to Part I, in this paper we focus on two of the most popular elements which do not possess a full tensor-product structure in all four coordinate directions. We note that these elements appear frequently in existing space-time finite element methods. In order to build our finite element spaces, we utilize powerful techniques from the recently developed 'Finite Element Exterior Calculus'. Subsequently, we translate our results into the well-known language of linear algebra (vectors and matrices) in order to facilitate implementation by scientists and engineers., Comment: 44 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
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- 2023
34. Conforming Finite Element Function Spaces in Four Dimensions, Part 1: Foundational Principles and the Tesseract
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Nigam, Nilima and Williams, David M.
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,14F40, 52B11, 58A12, 65D05, 74S05 - Abstract
The stability, robustness, accuracy, and efficiency of space-time finite element methods crucially depend on the choice of approximation spaces for test and trial functions. This is especially true for high-order, mixed finite element methods which often must satisfy an inf-sup condition in order to ensure stability. With this in mind, the primary objective of this paper and a companion paper is to provide a wide range of explicitly stated, conforming, finite element spaces in four-dimensions. In this paper, we construct explicit high-order conforming finite elements on 4-cubes (tesseracts); our construction uses tools from the recently developed `Finite Element Exterior Calculus'. With a focus on practical implementation, we provide details including Piola-type transformations, and explicit expressions for the volumetric, facet, face, edge, and vertex degrees of freedom. In addition, we establish important theoretical properties, such as the exactness of the finite element sequences, and the unisolvence of the degrees of freedom., Comment: 35 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
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- 2023
35. A VERITAS/Breakthrough Listen Search for Optical Technosignatures
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Acharyya, Atreya, Adams, Colin, Archer, Avery, Bangale, Priyadarshini, Batista, Pedro, Benbow, Wystan, Brill, Aryeh, Capasso, M, Errando, Manel, Falcone, Abraham, Feng, Qi, Finley, John, Foote, Gregory, Fortson, Lucy, Furniss, Amy, Griffin, Sean, Hanlon, William, Hanna, David, Hervet, Olivier, Hinrichs, Claire, Hoang, John, Holder, Jamie, Humensky, T., Jin, Weidong, Kaaret, Philip, Kertzman, Mary P., Kherlakian, Maria, Kieda, David, Kleiner, Tobias, Korzoun, Nikolas, Kumar, Sajan, Lang, Mark, Lundy, Matthew, Maier, Gernot, McGrath, Conor, Millard, Matthew, Miller, Hayden, Millis, John, Mooney, Connor, Moriarty, Patrick, Mukherjee, Reshmi, O'Brien, Stephan, Ong, Rene A., Pohl, Martin, Pueschel, Elisa, Quinn, John, Ragan, Kenneth J., Reynolds, Paul, Ribeiro, Deivid, Roache, Emmet Thomas, Ryan, Jamie, Sadeh, Iftach, Saha, Lab, Santander, Marcos, Sembroski, Glenn H, Shang, Ruo, Tak, Donggeun, Talluri, Anjana, Tucci, James, Vazquez, Nico, Williams, David, Wong, Sam, Woo, Jooyun, DeBoer, David, Isaacson, Howard, de Pater, Imke, Price, Danny, and Siemion, Andrew
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The Breakthrough Listen Initiative is conducting a program using multiple telescopes around the world to search for "technosignatures": artificial transmitters of extraterrestrial origin from beyond our solar system. The VERITAS Collaboration joined this program in 2018, and provides the capability to search for one particular technosignature: optical pulses of a few nanoseconds duration detectable over interstellar distances. We report here on the analysis and results of dedicated VERITAS observations of Breakthrough Listen targets conducted in 2019 and 2020 and of archival VERITAS data collected since 2012. Thirty hours of dedicated observations of 136 targets and 249 archival observations of 140 targets were analyzed and did not reveal any signals consistent with a technosignature. The results are used to place limits on the fraction of stars hosting transmitting civilizations. We also discuss the minimum-pulse sensitivity of our observations and present VERITAS observations of CALIOP: a space-based pulsed laser onboard the CALIPSO satellite. The detection of these pulses with VERITAS, using the analysis techniques developed for our technosignature search, allows a test of our analysis efficiency and serves as an important proof-of-principle., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures
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- 2023
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36. Expression of two major isoforms of MYO7A in the retina: Considerations for gene therapy of Usher syndrome type 1B.
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Gilmore, W, Hultgren, Nan, Chadha, Abhishek, Barocio, Sonia, Zhang, Joyce, Kutsyr, Oksana, Flores-Bellver, Miguel, Canto-Soler, M, and Williams, David
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Gene therapy ,Isoforms ,MYO7A ,Retina ,Usher syndrome ,Humans ,Mice ,Animals ,Swine ,Usher Syndromes ,Myosin VIIa ,Retina ,Protein Isoforms ,Mutation ,Genetic Therapy - Abstract
Usher syndrome type 1B (USH1B) is a deaf-blindness disorder, caused by mutations in the MYO7A gene, which encodes the heavy chain of an unconventional actin-based motor protein. Here, we examined the two retinal isoforms of MYO7A, IF1 and IF2. We compared 3D models of the two isoforms and noted that the 38-amino acid region that is present in IF1 but absent from IF2 affects the C lobe of the FERM1 domain and the opening of a cleft in this potentially important protein binding domain. Expression of each of the two isoforms of human MYO7A and pig and mouse Myo7a was detected in the RPE and neural retina. Quantification by qPCR showed that the expression of IF2 was typically ∼ 7-fold greater than that of IF1. We discuss the implications of these findings for any USH1B gene therapy strategy. Given the current incomplete knowledge of the functions of each isoform, both isoforms should be considered for targeting both the RPE and the neural retina in gene augmentation therapies.
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- 2023
37. Predicting chronic postsurgical pain: current evidence and a novel program to develop predictive biomarker signatures
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Sluka, Kathleen A, Wager, Tor D, Sutherland, Stephani P, Labosky, Patricia A, Balach, Tessa, Bayman, Emine O, Berardi, Giovanni, Brummett, Chad M, Burns, John, Buvanendran, Asokumar, Caffo, Brian, Calhoun, Vince D, Clauw, Daniel, Chang, Andrew, Coffey, Christopher S, Dailey, Dana L, Ecklund, Dixie, Fiehn, Oliver, Fisch, Kathleen M, Law, Laura A Frey, Harris, Richard E, Harte, Steven E, Howard, Timothy D, Jacobs, Joshua, Jacobs, Jon M, Jepsen, Kristen, Johnston, Nicolas, Langefeld, Carl D, Laurent, Louise C, Lenzi, Rebecca, Lindquist, Martin A, Lokshin, Anna, Kahn, Ari, McCarthy, Robert J, Olivier, Michael, Porter, Linda, Qian, Wei-Jun, Sankar, Cheryse A, Satterlee, John, Swensen, Adam C, Vance, Carol GT, Waljee, Jennifer, Wandner, Laura D, Williams, David A, Wixson, Richard L, Zhou, Xiaohong Joe, and Consortium, the A2CPS
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Chronic Pain ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Pain Research ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Musculoskeletal ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Proteomics ,Pain ,Postoperative ,Acute Pain ,Biomarkers ,Pain ,Chronic pain ,Postsurgical pain ,Biomarker ,Biosignatures ,Omics ,Brain imaging ,Psychosocial ,A2CPS Consortium ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Anesthesiology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences ,Psychology - Abstract
AbstractChronic pain affects more than 50 million Americans. Treatments remain inadequate, in large part, because the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of chronic pain remain poorly understood. Pain biomarkers could potentially identify and measure biological pathways and phenotypical expressions that are altered by pain, provide insight into biological treatment targets, and help identify at-risk patients who might benefit from early intervention. Biomarkers are used to diagnose, track, and treat other diseases, but no validated clinical biomarkers exist yet for chronic pain. To address this problem, the National Institutes of Health Common Fund launched the Acute to Chronic Pain Signatures (A2CPS) program to evaluate candidate biomarkers, develop them into biosignatures, and discover novel biomarkers for chronification of pain after surgery. This article discusses candidate biomarkers identified by A2CPS for evaluation, including genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, neuroimaging, psychophysical, psychological, and behavioral measures. Acute to Chronic Pain Signatures will provide the most comprehensive investigation of biomarkers for the transition to chronic postsurgical pain undertaken to date. Data and analytic resources generatedby A2CPS will be shared with the scientific community in hopes that other investigators will extract valuable insights beyond A2CPS's initial findings. This article will review the identified biomarkers and rationale for including them, the current state of the science on biomarkers of the transition from acute to chronic pain, gaps in the literature, and how A2CPS will address these gaps.
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- 2023
38. VERITAS discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from S3 1227+25 and multiwavelength observations
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Acharyya, Atreya, Adams, Colin, Archer, Avery, Bangale, Priyadarshini, Benbow, Wystan, Brill, Aryeh, Christiansen, Jodi, Chromey, Alisha, Errando, Manel, Falcone, Abe, Feng, Qi, Finley, John, Foote, Gregory, Fortson, Lucy, Furniss, Amy, Gallagher, Greg, Hanlon, William, Hanna, David, Hervet, Olivier, Hinrichs, Claire, Hoang, John, Holder, Jamie, Jin, Weidong, Johnson, Madalyn, Kaaret, Philip, Kertzman, Mary P., Kieda, David, Kleiner, Tobias, Korzoun, Nikolas, Krennrich, Frank, Lang, Mark, Lundy, Matthew, Maier, Gernot, McGrath, Conor, Millard, Matthew, Millis, John, Mooney, Connor, Moriarty, Patrick, Mukherjee, Reshmi, O'Brien, Stephan, Ong, Rene A., Pohl, Martin, Pueschel, Elisa, Quinn, John, Ragan, Kenneth J., Reynolds, Paul, Ribeiro, Deivid, Roache, Emmet Thomas, Sadeh, Iftach, Sadun, Alberto, Saha, Lab, Santander, Marcos, Sembroski, Glenn, Shang, Ruo, Splettstoesser, Megan, Talluri, Anjana, Tucci, James, Vassiliev, Vladimir, Williams, David, Wong, Sam, Hovatta, Talvikki, Jorstad, Svetlana, Kiehlmann, Sebastian, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Liodakis, Ioannis, Marscher, Alan, Max-Moerbeck, Walter, Readhead, Anthony, Reeves, Rodrigo, Smith, Paul S, and Tornikoski, Merja
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We report the detection of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the blazar S3 1227+25 (VER J1230+253) with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). VERITAS observations of the source were triggered by the detection of a hard-spectrum GeV flare on May 15, 2015 with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT). A combined five-hour VERITAS exposure on May 16th and May 18th resulted in a strong 13$\sigma$ detection with a differential photon spectral index, $\Gamma$ = 3.8 $\pm$ 0.4, and a flux level at 9% of the Crab Nebula above 120 GeV. This also triggered target of opportunity observations with Swift, optical photometry, polarimetry and radio measurements, also presented in this work, in addition to the VERITAS and Fermi-LAT data. A temporal analysis of the gamma-ray flux during this period finds evidence of a shortest variability timescale of $\tau_{obs}$ = 6.2 $\pm$ 0.9 hours, indicating emission from compact regions within the jet, and the combined gamma-ray spectrum shows no strong evidence of a spectral cut-off. An investigation into correlations between the multiwavelength observations found evidence of optical and gamma-ray correlations, suggesting a single-zone model of emission. Finally, the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution is well described by a simple one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton radiation model., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)
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- 2023
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39. AT 2021loi: A Bowen Fluorescence Flare with a Rebrightening Episode, Occurring in a Previously-Known AGN
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Makrygianni, Lydia, Trakhtenbrot, Benny, Arcavi, Iair, Ricci, Claudio, Lam, Marco C., Horesh, Assaf, Sfaradi, Itai, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Howell, D. Andrew, Pellegrino, Craig, Fender, Rob, Green, David A., Williams, David R. A., and Bright, Joe
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
AT 2021loi is an optical-ultraviolet transient located at the center of its host galaxy. Its spectral features identify it as a member of the ``Bowen Fluorescence Flare'' (BFF) class. The first member of this class was considered to be related to a tidal disruption event, but enhanced accretion onto an already active supermassive black hole was suggested as an alternative explanation. AT 2021loi, having occurred in a previously-known unobscured AGN, strengthens the latter interpretation. Its light curve is similar to those of previous BFFs, showing a rebrightening approximately one year after the main peak (which was not explicitly identified, but might be the case, in all previous BFFs). An emission feature around 4680 A, seen in the pre-flare spectrum, strengthens by a factor of $\sim$2 around the optical peak of the flare, and is clearly seen as a double peaked feature then, suggesting a blend of NIII $\lambda 4640$ with HeII $\lambda4686$ as its origin. The appearance of OIII $\lambda$3133 and possible NIII $\lambda\lambda4097,4103$ (blended with H$\delta$) during the flare further support a Bowen Fluorescence classification. Here, we present ZTF, ATLAS, Keck, Las Cumbres Observatory, NEOWISE-R, $Swift$, AMI and VLA observations of AT 2021loi, making it one of the best observed BFFs to date. AT 2021loi thus provides some clarity on the nature of BFFs but also further demonstrates the diversity of nuclear transients., Comment: Submitted to ApJ. This version addresses comments from the referee
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- 2023
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40. Bursts from Space: MeerKAT - The first citizen science project dedicated to commensal radio transients
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Andersson, Alex, Lintott, Chris, Fender, Rob, Bright, Joe, Carotenuto, Francesco, Driessen, Laura, Espinasse, Mathilde, Gaseahalwe, Kelebogile, Heywood, Ian, van der Horst, Alexander J., Motta, Sara, Rhodes, Lauren, Tremou, Evangelia, Williams, David R. A., Woudt, Patrick, Zhang, Xian, Bloemen, Steven, Groot, Paul, Vreeswijk, Paul, Giarratana, Stefano, Saikia, Payaswini, Andersson, Jonas, Arroyo, Lizzeth Ruiz, Baert, Loïc, Baumann, Matthew, Domainko, Wilfried, Eschweiler, Thorsten, Forsythe, Tim, Gaudenzi, Sauro, Grenier, Rachel Ann, Iannone, Davide, Lahoz, Karla, Melville, Kyle J., Nascimento, Marianne De Sousa, Navarro, Leticia, Parthasarathi, Sai, Piilonen, Rahman, Najma, Smith, Jeffrey, Stewart, B., Temoke, Newton, Tworek, Chloe, and Whittle, Isabelle
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The newest generation of radio telescopes are able to survey large areas with high sensitivity and cadence, producing data volumes that require new methods to better understand the transient sky. Here we describe the results from the first citizen science project dedicated to commensal radio transients, using data from the MeerKAT telescope with weekly cadence. Bursts from Space: MeerKAT was launched late in 2021 and received ~89000 classifications from over 1000 volunteers in 3 months. Our volunteers discovered 142 new variable sources which, along with the known transients in our fields, allowed us to estimate that at least 2.1 per cent of radio sources are varying at 1.28 GHz at the sampled cadence and sensitivity, in line with previous work. We provide the full catalogue of these sources, the largest of candidate radio variables to date. Transient sources found with archival counterparts include a pulsar (B1845-01) and an OH maser star (OH 30.1-0.7), in addition to the recovery of known stellar flares and X-ray binary jets in our observations. Data from the MeerLICHT optical telescope, along with estimates of long time-scale variability induced by scintillation, imply that the majority of the new variables are active galactic nuclei. This tells us that citizen scientists can discover phenomena varying on time-scales from weeks to several years. The success both in terms of volunteer engagement and scientific merit warrants the continued development of the project, whilst we use the classifications from volunteers to develop machine learning techniques for finding transients., Comment: Accepted to MNRAS, 14 pages + an appendix containing our main data table
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- 2023
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41. Millihertz X-ray variability during the 2019 outburst of black hole candidate Swift~J1357.2$-$0933
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Beri, Aru, Gaur, Vishal, Charles, Phil, Williams, David R. A., Jahanvi, Paice, John A., Gandhi, Poshak, Altamirano, Diego, Fender, Rob, Green, David A., and Titterington, David
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Swift J1357.2$-$0933 is a black-hole candidate X-ray transient, which underwent its third outburst in 2019, during which several multi-wavelength observations were carried out.~Here, we report results from the \emph{Neil Gehrels Swift} and \emph{NICER} observatories and radio data from \emph{AMI}.~For the first time,~millihertz quasi-periodic X-ray oscillations with frequencies varying between ${\sim}$~1--5~$\rm{mHz}$ were found in \emph{NICER} observations and a similar feature was also detected in one \emph{Swift}--\textsc{XRT} dataset.~Our spectral analysis indicate that the maximum value of the measured X-ray flux is much lower compared to the peak values observed during the 2011 and 2017 outbursts.~This value is ${\sim}$~100 times lower than found with \emph{MAXI} on MJD~58558 much ($\sim$~68 days) earlier in the outburst, suggesting that the \emph{Swift} and \emph{NICER} fluxes belong to the declining phase of the 2019 outburst.~An additional soft component was detected in the \textsc{XRT} observation with the highest flux level, but at a relatively low $L_{\rm X}$~$\sim$~$3{\times}10^{34}~(d/{\rm 6~kpc)}^2\rm{erg}~\rm{s}^{-1}$, and which we fitted with a disc component at a temperature of $\sim 0.17$~keV.~The optical/UV magnitudes obtained from \emph{Swift}--\textsc{UVOT} showed a correlation with X-ray observations, indicating X-ray reprocessing to be the plausible origin of the optical and UV emission.~However, the source was not significantly detected in the radio band.~There are currently a number of models that could explain this millihertz-frequency X-ray variability; not least of which involves an X-ray component to the curious dips that, so far, have only been observed in the optical., Comment: 14 pages, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
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- 2023
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42. Slow Solar Wind Connection Science during Solar Orbiter's First Close Perihelion Passage
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Yardley, Stephanie L., Owen, Christopher J., Long, David M., Baker, Deborah, Brooks, David H., Polito, Vanessa, Green, Lucie M., Matthews, Sarah, Owens, Mathew, Lockwood, Mike, Stansby, David, James, Alexander W., Valori, Gherado, Giunta, Alessandra, Janvier, Miho, Ngampoopun, Nawin, Mihailescu, Teodora, To, Andy S. H., van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia, Demoulin, Pascal, D'Amicis, Raffaella, French, Ryan J., Suen, Gabriel H. H., Roulliard, Alexis P., Pinto, Rui F., Reville, Victor, Watson, Christopher J., Walsh, Andrew P., De Groof, Anik, Williams, David R., Zouganelis, Ioannis, Muller, Daniel, Berghmans, David, Auchere, Frederic, Harra, Louise, Scheuhle, Udo, Barczynski, Krysztof, Buchlin, Eric, Cuadrado, Regina Aznar, Kraaikamp, Emil, Mandal, Sudip, Parenti, Susanna, Peter, Hardi, Rodriguez, Luciano, Schwanitz, Conrad, Smith, Phil, Teriaca, Luca, Verbeeck, Cis, Zhukov, Andrei N., De Pontieu, Bart, Horbury, Tim, Solanki, Sami K., Iniesta, Jose Carlos del Toro, Woch, Joachim, Gandorfer, Achim, Hirzberger, Johann, Suarez, David Orozco, Appourchaux, Thierry, Calchetti, Daniele, Sinjan, Jonas, Kahil, Fatima, Albert, Kinga, Volkmer, Reiner, Carlsson, Mats, Fludra, Andrzej, Hassler, Don, Caldwell, Martin, Fredvik, Terje, Grundy, Tim, Guest, Steve, Haberreiter, Margit, Leeks, Sarah, Pelouze, Gabriel, Plowman, Joseph, Schmutz, Werner, Sidher, Sunil, Thompson, William T., Louarn, Philippe, and Federov, Andrei
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Physics - Space Physics - Abstract
The Slow Solar Wind Connection Solar Orbiter Observing Plan (Slow Wind SOOP) was developed to utilise the extensive suite of remote sensing and in situ instruments on board the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission to answer significant outstanding questions regarding the origin and formation of the slow solar wind. The Slow Wind SOOP was designed to link remote sensing and in situ measurements of slow wind originating at open-closed field boundaries. The SOOP ran just prior to Solar Orbiter's first close perihelion passage during two remote sensing windows (RSW1 and RSW2) between 2022 March 3-6 and 2022 March 17-22, while Solar Orbiter was at a heliocentric distance of 0.55-0.51 and 0.38-0.34 au from the Sun, respectively. Coordinated observation campaigns were also conducted by Hinode and IRIS. The magnetic connectivity tool was used, along with low latency in situ data, and full-disk remote sensing observations, to guide the target pointing of Solar Orbiter. Solar Orbiter targeted an active region complex during RSW1, the boundary of a coronal hole, and the periphery of a decayed active region during RSW2. Post-observation analysis using the magnetic connectivity tool along with in situ measurements from MAG and SWA/PAS, show that slow solar wind, with velocities between 210 and 600 km/s, arrived at the spacecraft originating from two out of the three of the target regions. The Slow Wind SOOP, despite presenting many challenges, was very successful, providing a blueprint for planning future observation campaigns that rely on the magnetic connectivity of Solar Orbiter., Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures
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- 2023
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43. Evidence for a black hole spin--orbit misalignment in the X-ray binary Cyg X-1
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Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Veledina, Alexandra, Szanecki, Michal, Green, David A., Bright, Joe S., and Williams, David R. A.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Recently, the accretion geometry of the black-hole X-ray binary Cyg X-1 was probed with the X-ray polarization. The position angle of the X-ray emitting flow was found to be aligned with the position angle of the radio jet in the plane of the sky. At the same time, the observed high polarization degree could be obtained only for a high inclination of the X-ray emitting flow, indicating a misalignment between the binary axis and the black hole spin. The jet, in turn, is believed to be directed by the spin axis, hence similar misalignment is expected between the jet and binary axes. We test this hypothesis using very long (up to about 26 years) multi-band radio observations. We find the misalignment of $20^\circ$--$30^\circ$. However, on the contrary to the earlier expectations, the jet and binary viewing angles are found to be similar, while the misalignment is seen between position angles of the jet and the binary axis on the plane of the sky. Furthermore, the presence of the misalignment questions our understanding of the evolution of this binary system., Comment: ApJL, in press
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- 2023
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44. STeVECat, the Spectral TeV Extragalactic Catalog
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Gréaux, Lucas, Biteau, Jonathan, Hassan, Tarek, Hervet, Olivier, Rosillo, Mireia Nievas, and Williams, David A.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
The three main collaborations operating the current generation of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs: H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS) publish their gamma-ray data in different formats and repositories. Extragalactic sources are highly variable at very-high energies (VHE, $E>100\,$GeV), and a unified repository would enable joint analyses of collections of extragalactic VHE spectra. To this aim, we have developed the Spectral TeV Extragalactic Catalog, STeVECat, which gathers high-level products of IACT observations from 1992 to 2021. We selected all publications in journals referenced in TeVCat that presented archival spectra with at least two points. We compiled the corresponding spectral data and formatted them following the convention adopted in available public repositories (GammaCat and VTSCat). In addition to spectral points with associated physical units, we provide meta-data featuring observation periods, livetime, excess counts over background and significance, as well as the coordinates, types and redshifts of the sources whenever available. STeVECat combines observations from 173 journal publications, compared to 72 in the previous reference compilation of extragalactic gamma-ray spectra (Biteau \& Williams, 2015). STeVECat is the most extensive set of VHE extragalactic spectra collected so far, with 403 spectra from 73 sources. The full catalog can readily be loaded with GammaPy, the Science Analysis Tool selected by the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory. Our compilation efforts enable population studies of extragalactic gamma-ray sources, studies of the GeV-TeV connection, and studies of absorption on the extragalactic background light.
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- 2023
45. Precise Measurements of Self-absorbed Rising Reverse Shock Emission from Gamma-ray Burst 221009A
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Bright, Joe S., Rhodes, Lauren, Farah, Wael, Fender, Rob, van der Horst, Alexander J., Leung, James K., Williams, David R. A., Anderson, Gemma E., Atri, Pikky, DeBoer, David R., Giarratana, Stefano, Green, David A., Heywood, Ian, Lenc, Emil, Murphy, Tara, Pollak, Alexander W., Premnath, Pranav H., Scott, Paul F., Sheikh, Sofia Z., Siemion, Andrew, and Titterington, David J.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The deaths of massive stars are sometimes accompanied by the launch of highly relativistic and collimated jets. If the jet is pointed towards Earth, we observe a "prompt" gamma-ray burst due to internal shocks or magnetic reconnection events within the jet, followed by a long-lived broadband synchrotron afterglow as the jet interacts with the circum-burst material. While there is solid observational evidence that emission from multiple shocks contributes to the afterglow signature, detailed studies of the reverse shock, which travels back into the explosion ejecta, are hampered by a lack of early-time observations, particularly in the radio band. We present rapid follow-up radio observations of the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A which reveal an optically thick rising component from the reverse shock in unprecedented detail both temporally and in frequency space. From this, we are able to constrain the size, Lorentz factor, and internal energy of the outflow while providing accurate predictions for the location of the peak frequency of the reverse shock in the first few hours after the burst., Comment: 11 figures, 4 tables
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- 2023
46. The LeMMINGs survey: probing sub-kpc radio structures of nearby galaxies with e-MERLIN
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Williams, David R. A., Baldi, Ranieri D., Beswick, Robert J., McHardy, Ian M., Dullo, Bililign T., Pahari, Mayukh, Carver, Emma, Clifford, Jake, Kill, Nicholas A., Krishnamoorthi, Bhairavi, Woodcock, Oliver, Knapen, Johan, and Mathur, Smita
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The Legacy e-MERLIN Multi-band Imaging of Nearby Galaxies survey (LeMMINGs) is a statistically-complete census of nuclear accretion and star formation processes in the local Universe. The LeMMINGs observations at 1.5 and 5 GHz yield angular resolutions on 10s milliarcsecond-scales, with sensitivities of 10s $\mu$Jy. Awarded 810 hours of observing time, the full statistical sample (at 1.5 GHz) plus several studies of individual objects have now been published. Combined with multi-wavelength follow up observations, this survey will provide a unique legacy data set of our Galactic back yard. We present an overview of the LeMMINGs results so far, including the 1.5 GHz sample results and associated Chandra X-ray data. We describe the next steps for LeMMINGs to analyse the 5 GHz survey and produce widefield images to categories all radio sources in the LeMMINGs galaxies., Comment: Proceedings paper for the 15th EVN Symposium published on Proceedings of Science 10 pages, 3 figures https://doi.org/10.22323/1.428.0046 Accepted for publication 13 March 2023
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- 2023
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47. Correction: Shear Strength and Consolidation Behaviour of Kaolin Clay Reinforced with a Granular Column Backfilled with Crushed Waste Glass
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Kazmi, Danish, Serati, Mehdi, Williams, David J., Olaya, Sebastian Quintero, Qasim, Sadaf, Cheng, Yi Pik, Grizi, Athina, and Javadi, Akbar A.
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- 2024
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48. The Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) Research Program Data Harmonization: Rationale for Data Elements and Standards
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Batorsky, Anna, Bowden, Anton E, Darwin, Jessa, Fields, Aaron J, Greco, Carol M, Harris, Richard E, Hue, Trisha F, Kakyomya, Joseph, Mehling, Wolf, O'Neill, Conor, Patterson, Charity G, Piva, Sara R, Sollmann, Nico, Toups, Vincent, Wasan, Ajay D, Wasserman, Ronald, Williams, David A, Vo, Nam V, Psioda, Matthew A, and McCumber, Micah
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Allied Health and Rehabilitation Science ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Chronic Pain ,Pain Research ,Back Pain ,Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Research ,Humans ,Low Back Pain ,Outcome Assessment ,Health Care ,Research Design ,data integration ,harmonization ,common data elements ,low back pain ,data standards ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Anesthesiology ,Clinical sciences ,Health services and systems ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
ObjectiveOne aim of the Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) Research Program is to develop an integrated model of chronic low back pain that is informed by combined data from translational research and clinical trials. We describe efforts to maximize data harmonization and accessibility to facilitate Consortium-wide analyses.MethodsConsortium-wide working groups established harmonized data elements to be collected in all studies and developed standards for tabular and nontabular data (eg, imaging and omics). The BACPAC Data Portal was developed to facilitate research collaboration across the Consortium.ResultsClinical experts developed the BACPAC Minimum Dataset with required domains and outcome measures to be collected by use of questionnaires across projects. Other nonrequired domain-specific measures are collected by multiple studies. To optimize cross-study analyses, a modified data standard was developed on the basis of the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium Study Data Tabulation Model to harmonize data structures and facilitate integration of baseline characteristics, participant-reported outcomes, chronic low back pain treatments, clinical exam, functional performance, psychosocial characteristics, quantitative sensory testing, imaging, and biomechanical data. Standards to accommodate the unique features of chronic low back pain data were adopted. Research units submit standardized study data to the BACPAC Data Portal, developed as a secure cloud-based central data repository and computing infrastructure for researchers to access and conduct analyses on data collected by or acquired for BACPAC.ConclusionsBACPAC harmonization efforts and data standards serve as an innovative model for data integration that could be used as a framework for other consortia with multiple, decentralized research programs.
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- 2023
49. Biobehavioral Assessments in BACPAC: Recommendations, Rationale, and Methods
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Greco, Carol M, Wasan, Ajay D, Schneider, Michael J, Mehling, Wolf, Williams, David A, Darwin, Jessa, and Harte, Steven E
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Allied Health and Rehabilitation Science ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Research ,Pain Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Mind and Body ,Chronic Pain ,Mental Health ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,United States ,Humans ,Research Design ,Low Back Pain ,Advisory Committees ,Pain Measurement ,National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ,Behavioral Assessments ,Psychosocial Assessments ,Patient-Reported Outcomes ,Quantitative Sensory Testing ,Chronic Low Back Pain ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Anesthesiology ,Clinical sciences ,Health services and systems ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
The Biobehavioral Working Group of BACPAC was charged to evaluate a range of psychosocial, psychophysical, and behavioral domains relevant to chronic low back pain, and recommend specific assessment tools and procedures to harmonize biobehavioral data collection across the consortium. Primary references and sources for measure selection were the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials, the Minimum Data Set from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Task Force on Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, and NeuroQOL. The questionnaire's recommendations supplemented the NIH HEAL Common Data Elements and BACPAC Minimum Data Set. Five domains were identified for inclusion: Pain Characteristics and Qualities; Pain-Related Psychosocial/Behavioral Factors; General Psychosocial Factors; Lifestyle Choices; and Social Determinants of Health/Social Factors. The Working Group identified best practices for required and optional Quantitative Sensory Testing of psychophysical pain processing for use in BACPAC projects.
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- 2023
50. Linking specific biological signatures to different childhood adversities: findings from the HERO project.
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de Mendonça Filho, Euclides, Pokhvisneva, Irina, Maalouf, Christina, Parent, Carine, Mliner, Shanna, Slopen, Natalie, Williams, David, Boyce, William, Levitt, Pat, Nelson, Charles, Gunnar, Megan, Meaney, Michael, Shonkoff, Jack, Silveira, Patricia, and Bush, Nicole
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Humans ,Child ,Hydrocortisone ,Cortisone ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Stress ,Psychological ,Saliva ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Dehydroepiandrosterone - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although investigations have begun to differentiate biological and neurobiological responses to a variety of adversities, studies considering both endocrine and immune function in the same datasets are limited. METHODS: Associations between proximal (family functioning, caregiver depression, and anxiety) and distal (SES-D; socioeconomic disadvantage) early-life adversities with salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and hair HPA markers (cortisol, cortisone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) were examined in two samples of young U.S. children (N = 142; N = 145). RESULTS: Children exposed to higher SES-D had higher levels of TNF-α (B = 0.13, p = 0.011), IL-1β (B = 0.10, p = 0.033), and DHEA (B = 0.16, p = 0.011). Higher family dysfunction was associated with higher cortisol (B = 0.08, p = 0.033) and cortisone (B = 0.05, p = 0.003). An interaction between SES-D and family dysfunction was observed for cortisol levels (p = 0.020) whereby children exposed to lower/average levels of SES-D exhibited a positive association between family dysfunction and cortisol levels, whereas children exposed to high levels of SES-D did not. These findings were partially replicated in the second sample. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that these biological response systems may react differently to different forms of early-life adversity. IMPACT: Different forms of early-life adversity have varied stress signatures, and investigations of early-life adversities with inflammation and HPA markers are lacking. Children with higher socioeconomic disadvantage had higher TNF-α, IL-1β, and DHEA. Higher family dysfunction was associated with higher hair cortisol and cortisone levels, and the association between family dysfunction and cortisol was moderated by socioeconomic disadvantage. Biological response systems (immune and endocrine) were differentially associated with distinct forms of early-life adversities.
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- 2023
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