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2. Patient and Process Outcomes among Pediatric Patients Undergoing Appendectomy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Matava, Clyde T., Tighe, Nathaniel T. G., Baertschiger, Reto, Wilder, Robert T., Correll, Lynnie, Staffa, Steven J., Zurakowski, David, Kato, Meredith A., Meier, Petra M., Raman, Vidya, Reddy, Srijaya K., Roque, Remigio A., Peterson, Melissa Brooks, Zhong, John, Edala, Thejovathi, Greer, Timothy J., von Ungern-Sternberg, Britta S., Cravero, Joseph, Simpao, Allan F., Ali, Anita Akbar, Al-Rabbat, Mohamad F., Brzenski, Alyssa B., Casey, William F., Chhabada, Surendrasingh, Collin, Michael, Dhumak, Vipul J., D’Mello, Ajay, Echeverry, Piedad C., Ellison, Pavithra R., Fernandez, Allison M., Fisher, Jake A., Fuller, Clinton L., Glover, Chris D., Guruswamy, Velu, Hesselink, Emily B., Hunyady, Agnes I., Lorinc, Amanda N., King, Michael, Mihaila, Lavinia, Nelson, Jonathon H., Ng, Ann S., Ramjist, Joshua K., Ravula, Nirop R., Beel, Elizabeth Rossmann, Rugnathx, Rahil, Shaw, Robert E., Sheth, Michelle M., Sinha, Tripiti, Sommerfield, Aine, Soneru, Codruta, Templeton, Thomas W., and Williams, R.J.

Published
2023
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13. List of Contributors

Author

Abbas, B., primary, Abreu, A., additional, Adams, R., additional, Adolfsson-Erici, M., additional, Afonso, A., additional, Afonso-Olivares, C., additional, Agirbas, E., additional, Aguiló, J.M., additional, Airoldi, L., additional, Aksoy, H., additional, Albentosa, M., additional, Alcaro, L., additional, Aliani, S., additional, Al-Maslamani, I., additional, Alomar, C., additional, Altin, D., additional, Álvarez, E., additional, Amaral-Zettler, L.A., additional, Amato, E., additional, Anderson, A., additional, Andrady, A.L., additional, Andrius, G., additional, Angel, D., additional, Ariese, F., additional, Arp, H.P., additional, Asensio, M., additional, Assidqi, K., additional, Avio, C.G., additional, Aytan, U., additional, Bahri, T., additional, Baini, M., additional, Bakir, A., additional, Ball, H., additional, Baranyi, C., additional, Barboza, L.G.A., additional, Barg, U., additional, Bargelloni, L., additional, Barras, H., additional, Barrera, C., additional, Barria, P., additional, Barrows, A., additional, Barth, A., additional, Batel, A., additional, Baztan, J., additional, Baztan, P., additional, Beiras, R., additional, Benedetti, M., additional, Berber, A.A., additional, Berber, N., additional, Bergmann, M., additional, Berlino, M., additional, Berrow, S., additional, Bessa, F., additional, Besseling, E., additional, Beyer, B., additional, Binaglia, M., additional, Bizjak, T., additional, Bjorndal, K.A., additional, Blust, R., additional, Boertien, M., additional, Bolten, A.B., additional, Booth, A.M., additional, Bounoua, B., additional, Bourseau, P., additional, Brahimi, N., additional, Bramini, M., additional, Brennholt, N., additional, Breuninger, E., additional, Bried, J., additional, Broderick, A., additional, Broglio, E., additional, Browne, M.A., additional, Bruzaud, S., additional, Buceta, J., additional, Buchinger, S., additional, Budimir, S., additional, Budzin-ski, H., additional, Butter, E., additional, Cachot, J., additional, Caetano, M., additional, Callaghan, A., additional, Camedda, A., additional, Capella, S., additional, Cardelli, L., additional, Carpentieri, S., additional, Carrasco, A., additional, Carriço, R., additional, Caruso, A., additional, Cassone, A.-L., additional, Castillo, A., additional, Castro, R.O., additional, Catarino, A.I., additional, Cazenave, P.W., additional, Çelik, İ., additional, Cerralbo, P., additional, César, G., additional, Chouinard, O., additional, Chubarenko, I., additional, Chubarenko, I.P., additional, Cicero, A.M., additional, Clarindo, G., additional, Clarke, B., additional, Clérandeau, C., additional, Clüsener-Godt, M., additional, Codina-García, M., additional, Cole, M., additional, Collard, F., additional, Collignon, A., additional, Collins, T., additional, Compa, M., additional, Conan, P., additional, Constant, M., additional, Cordier, M., additional, Courtene-Jones, W., additional, Cousin, X., additional, Covelo, P., additional, Cózar, A., additional, Crichton, E., additional, Crispi, O., additional, Cronin, M., additional, Croot, P.L., additional, Cruz, M.J., additional, d’Errico, G., additional, Dâmaso, C., additional, Das, K., additional, de Alencastro, L.F., additional, de Araujo, F.V., additional, de Boer, J.F., additional, de Lucia, G.A., additional, Debeljak, P., additional, Dehaut, A., additional, Deudero, S., additional, Devrieses, L., additional, Di Vito, S., additional, Díaz, A., additional, Donohue, J., additional, Doumenq, P., additional, Doyle, T.K., additional, Dris, R., additional, Druon, J.-N., additional, Duarte, C.M., additional, Duflos, G., additional, Dumontier, M., additional, Duncan, E., additional, Dussud, C., additional, Eckerlebe, A., additional, Egelkraut-Holtus, M., additional, Eidsvoll, D.P., additional, Ek, C., additional, Elena, S., additional, Elineau, A., additional, Enevoldsen, H., additional, Eppe, G., additional, Eriksen, M., additional, Ernsteins, R., additional, Espino, M., additional, Estévez-Calvar, N., additional, Ewins, C., additional, Fabre, P., additional, Faimali, M., additional, Fattorini, D., additional, Faure, F., additional, Ferrando, S., additional, Ferreira, J.C., additional, Ferreira-da-Costa, M., additional, Fileman, E., additional, Fischer, M., additional, Fortunato, A.B., additional, Fossi, M.C., additional, Foulon, V., additional, Frank, A., additional, Frenzel, M., additional, Frère, L., additional, Frias, J.P.G.L., additional, Frick, H., additional, Froneman, P.W., additional, Gabet, V.M., additional, Gabrielsen, G.W., additional, Gago, J., additional, Gajst, T., additional, Galgani, F., additional, Gallinari, M., additional, Galloway, T.S., additional, Gamarro, E.G., additional, Gambardella, C., additional, Garaventa, F., additional, Garcia, S., additional, Garrabou, J., additional, Garrido, P., additional, Gary, S.F., additional, Gasperi, J., additional, Gaze, W., additional, Geertz, T., additional, Gelado-Caballero, M.D., additional, George, M., additional, Gercken, J., additional, Gerdts, G., additional, Ghiglione, J.-F., additional, Gies, E., additional, Gilbert, B., additional, Giménez, L., additional, Glassom, D., additional, Glockzin, M., additional, Godley, B., additional, Goede, K., additional, Goksøyr, A., additional, Gómez, M., additional, Gómez-Parra, A., additional, González-Marco, D., additional, González-Solís, J., additional, Gorbi, S., additional, Gorokhova, E., additional, Gorsky, G., additional, Gosch, M., additional, Grose, J., additional, Guebitz, G.M., additional, Guedes-Alonso, R., additional, Guijarro, B., additional, Guilhermino, L., additional, Gundry, T., additional, Gutow, L., additional, Haave, M., additional, Haeckel, M., additional, Haernvall, K., additional, Hajbane, S., additional, Hamann, M., additional, Hämer, J., additional, Hamm, T., additional, Hansen, B.H., additional, Hardesty, B.D., additional, Harth, B., additional, Hartikainen, S., additional, Hassellöv, M., additional, Hatzky, S., additional, Healy, M.G., additional, Hégaret, H., additional, Henry, T.B., additional, Hermabessiere, L., additional, Hernández-Brito, J.J., additional, Hernandez-Gonzalez, A., additional, Hernandez-Milian, G., additional, Hernd, G., additional, Herrera, A., additional, Herring, C., additional, Herzke, D., additional, Heussner, S., additional, Hidalgo-Ruz, V., additional, Himber, C., additional, Holland, M., additional, Hong, N.-H., additional, Horton, A.A., additional, Horvat, P., additional, Huck, T., additional, Huhn, M., additional, Huvet, A., additional, Iglesias, M., additional, Igor, C., additional, Isachenko, I.A., additional, Ivar do Sul, J-A., additional, Jahnke, A., additional, Janis, B., additional, Janis, K., additional, Janis, U., additional, Jemec, A., additional, Jiménez, J.C., additional, Johnsen, H., additional, Jorgensen, B., additional, Jørgensen, J.H., additional, Jörundsdóttir, H., additional, Jung, Y.-J., additional, Kedzierski, M., additional, Keiter, S., additional, Kershaw, P., additional, Kerhervé, P., additional, Kesy, K., additional, Khan, F., additional, Khatmullina, L.I., additional, Kirby, J., additional, Kiriakoulakis, K., additional, Klein, R., additional, Klunderud, T., additional, Knudsen, C.M.H., additional, Knudsen, T.B., additional, Kochleus, C., additional, Koelmans, A.A., additional, Kögel, T., additional, Koistinen, A., additional, Kopke, K., additional, Korez, Š., additional, Kowalski, N., additional, Kreikemeyer, B., additional, Kroon, F., additional, Krumpen, T., additional, Krzan, A., additional, Kržan, A., additional, Labrenz, M., additional, Lacroix, C., additional, Ladirat, L., additional, Laforsch, C., additional, Lagarde, F., additional, Lahive, E., additional, Lambert, C., additional, Lapucci, C., additional, Lattin, G., additional, Law, K.L., additional, Le Roux, F., additional, Le Souef, K., additional, Le Tilly, V., additional, Lebreton, L., additional, Leemans, E., additional, Lehtiniemi, M., additional, Lenz, M., additional, Leskinen, J., additional, Leslie, H., additional, Leslie, H.A., additional, Levasseur, C., additional, Lewis, C., additional, Licandro, P., additional, Lind, K., additional, Lindeque, P., additional, Lindeque, P.K., additional, Lips, I., additional, Liria, A., additional, Liria-Loza, A., additional, Llinás, O., additional, Loiselle, S.A., additional, Long, M., additional, Lorenz, C., additional, Lorenzo, S.M., additional, Loubar, K., additional, Luna-Jorquera, G., additional, Lusher, A.L., additional, Macchia, V., additional, MacGabban, S., additional, Mackay, K., additional, MacLeod, M., additional, Maes, T., additional, Magaletti, E., additional, Maggiore, A., additional, Magnusson, K., additional, Mahon, A.M., additional, Makorič, P., additional, Mallow, O., additional, Marques, J., additional, Marsili, L., additional, Martí, E., additional, Martignac, M., additional, Martin, J., additional, Martínez, I., additional, Martínez, J., additional, Martinez-Gil, M., additional, Martins, H.R., additional, Matiddi, M., additional, Maximenko, N., additional, Mazlum, R., additional, Mcadam, R., additional, Mcknight, L., additional, McNeal, A.W., additional, Measures, J., additional, Mederos, M.S., additional, Mendoza, J., additional, Meyer, M.S., additional, Miguelez, A., additional, Milan, M., additional, Militão, T., additional, Miller, R.Z., additional, Mino-Vercellio-Verollet, M., additional, Mir, G., additional, Miranda-Urbina, D., additional, Misurale, F., additional, Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., additional, Mora, J., additional, Morgana, S., additional, Moriceau, B., additional, Morin, B., additional, Morley, A., additional, Morrison, L., additional, Murphy, F., additional, Naidoo, T., additional, Näkki, P., additional, Napper, I.E., additional, Narayanaswamy, B.E., additional, Nash, R., additional, Negri, A., additional, Nel, H.A., additional, Nerheim, M.S., additional, Nerland, I.L., additional, Neto, J., additional, Neves, V., additional, Nies, H., additional, Noel, M., additional, Nor, N.H.M., additional, Noren, F., additional, O’ Connell, B., additional, O’ Connor, I., additional, Obbard, J.P., additional, Oberbeckmann, S., additional, Obispo, R., additional, Officer, R., additional, Ogonowski, M., additional, Orbea, A., additional, Ortlieb, M., additional, Osborn, A.M., additional, Ostiategui-Francia, P., additional, Packard, T., additional, Pahl, S., additional, Palatinus, A., additional, Palmqvist, A., additional, Pannetier, P., additional, Panti, C., additional, Parmentier, E., additional, Pasanen, P., additional, Patarnello, T., additional, Pattiaratchi, C., additional, Pauletto, M., additional, Paulus, M., additional, Pavlekovsky, K., additional, Pedersen, H.B., additional, Pedrotti, M.-L., additional, Peeken, I., additional, Peeters, D., additional, Peeters, E., additional, Pellegrini, D., additional, Perales, J.A., additional, Perez, E., additional, Perz, V., additional, Petit, S., additional, Pflieger, M., additional, Pham, C.K., additional, Piazza, V., additional, Pinto, M., additional, Planells, O., additional, Plaza, M., additional, Pompini, O., additional, Potthoff, A., additional, Prades, L., additional, Primpke, S., additional, Proietti, M., additional, Proskurowski, G., additional, Puig, C., additional, Pujo-Pay, M., additional, Pullerits, K., additional, Queirós, A.M., additional, Quinn, B., additional, Raimonds, E., additional, Ramis-Pujol, J., additional, Rascher-Friesenhausen, R., additional, Reardon, E., additional, Regoli, F., additional, Reichardt, A.M., additional, Reifferscheid, G., additional, Reilly, K., additional, Reisser, J., additional, Riba, I., additional, Ribitsch, D., additional, Rinnert, E., additional, Rios, N., additional, Rist, S.E., additional, Rivadeneira, M.M., additional, Rivière, G., additional, Robbens, J., additional, Robertson, C.J.R., additional, Rocher, V., additional, Rochman, C.M., additional, Rodrigues, M., additional, Rodriguez, Y., additional, Rodríguez, A., additional, Rodríguez, G., additional, Rodríguez, J.R.B., additional, Rodríguez, S., additional, Rodríguez, Y., additional, Rogan, E., additional, Rojo-Nieto, E., additional, Romeo, T., additional, Ross, P.S., additional, Roveta, A., additional, Rowland, S.J., additional, Ruckstuhl, N.A., additional, Ruiz-Fernández, A-C., additional, Ruiz-Orejón, L.F., additional, Runge, J., additional, Russell, M., additional, Saavedra, C., additional, Saborowski, R., additional, Sahin, B.E., additional, Sailley, S., additional, Sakaguchi-Söder, K., additional, Salaverria, I., additional, Sánchez-Arcilla, A., additional, Sánchez-Nieva, J., additional, Sanderson, W., additional, Santana-Rodríguez, J.J., additional, Santana-Viera, S., additional, Santos, M.B., additional, Santos, M.R., additional, Sanz, M.R., additional, Sardá, R., additional, Savelli, H., additional, Schoeneich-Argent, R., additional, Scholz-Böttcher, B.M., additional, Sciacca, F., additional, Scofield, R.P., additional, Setälä, O., additional, Selenius, M., additional, Sempere, R., additional, Senturk, Y., additional, Shashoua, Y., additional, Sherman, P., additional, Sick, C., additional, Siegel, D., additional, Sierra, J.P., additional, Silva, F., additional, Silvestri, C., additional, Sintija, G., additional, Sire, O., additional, Slat, B., additional, Smit, A., additional, Sobral, P., additional, Sorvari, J., additional, Sosa-Ferrera, Z., additional, Sotillo, M.G., additional, Soudant, P., additional, Speidel, L., additional, Spurgeon, D.J., additional, Steer, M.K., additional, Steindal, C.C., additional, Stifanese, R., additional, Štindlová, A., additional, Stuurman, L., additional, Suaria, G., additional, Suazo, C.G., additional, Sureda, A., additional, Surette, C., additional, Svendsen, C., additional, Syberg, K., additional, Tairova, Z., additional, Talvitie, J., additional, Tassin, B., additional, Tazerout, M., additional, Tekman, M.B., additional, ter Halle, A., additional, Thiel, M., additional, Thomas, K.V., additional, Thompson, R.C., additional, Tinkara, T., additional, Tirelli, V., additional, Tomassetti, P., additional, Toorman, E., additional, Toppe, J., additional, Tornambè, A., additional, Torres, R., additional, Torres-Padrón, M.E., additional, Underwood, A.J., additional, Urbina, M., additional, Usategui-Martín, A., additional, Usta, R., additional, Valdés, L., additional, Valente, A., additional, Valentina, T., additional, van Arkel, K., additional, Van Colen, C., additional, Van Der Hal, N., additional, van Franeker, J.A., additional, Van Herwerden, L., additional, Van Loosdrecht, M., additional, van Oyen, A., additional, Vandeperre, F., additional, Vanderlinden, J-P., additional, Vani, D., additional, Vasconcelos, L., additional, Vega-Moreno, D., additional, Ventero, A., additional, Vethaak, A.D., additional, Vianello, A., additional, Vicioso, M., additional, Vieira, L.R., additional, Viršek, M.K., additional, Vos, M., additional, Wahl, M., additional, Wallace, N., additional, Walton, A., additional, Waniek, J.J., additional, Watts, A., additional, Webster, L., additional, Wesch, C., additional, Whitfield, E., additional, Wichels, A., additional, Wieczorek, A.M., additional, Wilcox, C., additional, Williams, R.J., additional, Wong-Wah-Chung, P., additional, Wright, S., additional, Wyles, K.J., additional, Young, R., additional, Yurtsever, M., additional, Yurtsever, U., additional, Zada, L., additional, Zamani, N.P., additional, and Zampetti, G., additional

Published
2017
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20. Degradation of laser sintered polyamide 12 parts due to accelerated exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Author

Shackleford, A.S.D., Williams, R.J., Brown, R., Wingham, J.R., and Majewski, C.

Abstract

Laser Sintering is an additive manufacturing technology capable of producing robust, geometrically complex polymer parts, with polyamide 12, also known as nylon-12, the most common and well understood feedstock powder. While Laser Sintering has drawn increased interest from industry for producing end-use components directly, little information is currently available regarding the effects of in-service conditions on mechanical performance. When considering applications where parts spend significant periods of time outdoors, such as the automotive sector, the effect of exposure to natural UV light is an obvious concern.\ud \ud \ud \ud To assess their suitability for long-term outdoor applications, Laser-sintered polyamide 12 parts were subjected to up to 2 months of constant UVB radiation. UV exposure was found to cause significant yellowing of the parts, evidenced by their reflectance of blue light decreasing continually as exposure time was increased beyond 24 h. Results from UV/visible spectroscopy demonstrated an increase in UV absorbance with exposure time, attributed to increasing carbonyl concentration. Similarly, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy showed increases in surface oxygen concentration proportional to UV exposure, with changes to the O 1s and C 1s environments after 2 months of exposure consistent with the generation of new carboxylic acid groups. Photo-degradation led to substantial decreases in both Ultimate Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break, with the deterioration first becoming appreciable between one and two weeks of exposure. Mono-energetic Positron Spectroscopy, a non-destructive surface analysis technique, demonstrated a correlation between these mechanical properties and free volume at the parts’ surfaces. Decreases in free volume were concluded to be due to changes in the nature of the polymer crystal structure and an increase in overall crystallinity at the part surfaces after UV exposure, identified using DSC. Overall, it was concluded that UV exposure causes significant deterioration of Laser-sintered polyamide 12 parts and this should be mitigated against prior to use in long-term outdoor applications.

Published
2021

23. Is ink heating a relevant concern in the High Speed Sintering process?

Author

Williams, R.J., Smith, P.J., and Majewski, C.

Abstract

High Speed Sintering (HSS) is a novel polymer additive manufacturing process which utilises inkjet printing of an infrared-absorbing pigment onto a heated polymer powder bed to create 2D cross-sections which can be selectively sintered using an infrared lamp. Understanding and improving the accuracy and repeatability of part manufacture by HSS are important, ongoing areas of research. In particular, the role of the ink is poorly understood; the inks typically used in HSS have not been optimised for it, and it is unknown whether they perform in a consistent manner in the process. Notably, the ambient temperature inside a HSS machine increases as a side effect of the sintering process, and the unintentional heating to which the ink is exposed is expected to cause changes in its fluid properties. However, neither the extent of ink heating during the HSS process nor the subsequent changes in its fluid properties have ever been investigated. Such investigation is important, since significant changes in ink properties at different temperatures would be expected to lead to inconsistent printing and subsequently variations in part accuracy and even the degree of sintering during a single build. For the first time, we have quantified the ink temperature rise caused by unintentional, ambient heating during the HSS process, and subsequently measured several of the ink’s fluid properties across the ink temperature range which is expected to be encountered in normal machine operation (25 to 45 ∘C). We observed only small changes in the ink’s density and surface tension due to this heating, but a significant drop (36%) in its viscosity was seen. By inspection of the ink’s Z number throughout printing, it is concluded that these changes would not be expected to change the manner in which droplets are delivered to the powder bed surface. In contrast, the viscosity decrease during printing is such that it is expected that the printed droplet sizes do change in a single build, which may indeed be a cause for concern with regard to the accuracy and repeatability of the inkjet printing used in HSS, and subsequently to the properties of the polymer parts obtained from the process.

Published
2021

26. Workload interpretation for Brownian models of stochastic processing networks

Author

Harrison, J.M. and Williams, R.J.

Subjects
Stochastic systems -- Analysis, Brownian motion -- Analysis, Business, Computers and office automation industries, Mathematics, Analysis
Abstract

Brownian networks are a class of stochastic system models that can arise as heavy traffic approximations for stochastic processing networks. In earlier work we developed the 'equivalent workload formulation' of [...]

Published
2007

30. List of Contributors

Author

Alfano, L., primary, Pathy Allen, M., additional, Anderson-Fye, E.P., additional, Aspen, V., additional, Ata, R., additional, Baker, J.H., additional, Bassett, R.L., additional, Bazzini, D.G., additional, Becker, C.B., additional, Behel, J.M., additional, Berkson, S.Y., additional, Biesen, J.N., additional, Bockting, W.O., additional, Bojorquez, I., additional, Boroughs, M.S., additional, Bulik, C.M., additional, Burke, N.L., additional, Butryn, M.L., additional, Byrne, L., additional, Callahan, K., additional, Calogero, R.M., additional, Cash, T.F., additional, Chait, S., additional, Clarke, A., additional, Coletta, M.C., additional, Crerand, C.E., additional, Crowther, J.H., additional, Curtin, L., additional, Daniels, E.A., additional, Davis, C., additional, Davison, T.E., additional, Delinsky, S.S., additional, DePierre, J.A., additional, Diedrichs, P.C., additional, Dilks, R.J., additional, Dionne, M.M., additional, Dittmar, H., additional, Don, B.P., additional, Edmonds, A., additional, Einon, D., additional, Elliot, M.L., additional, Fales, M.R., additional, Fawkner, H.J., additional, Frederick, D.A., additional, Furnham, A., additional, Garcia, J.R., additional, Gardner, R.M., additional, Gonzalez, A.N., additional, Greenleaf, C., additional, Grogan, S., additional, Grover, S.R., additional, Gruys, K., additional, Hale, B.D., additional, Halliwell, E., additional, Harcourt, D., additional, Harriger, J., additional, Harris, A.S., additional, Hildebrandt, T., additional, Hill, A.J., additional, Ho, A., additional, Hollander, E., additional, Hunt, N., additional, Hurd Clarke, L., additional, Jafary, A.M., additional, Jarry, J.L., additional, Jensen, A.L., additional, Carlson Jones, D., additional, Karr, T.M., additional, Katterman, S., additional, Kawamura, K.Y., additional, Kelly, M.C., additional, Kerrigan, S.G., additional, Kleinman, S., additional, Knight, T., additional, Krawczyk, R., additional, LaFlesh, T., additional, Langdon, S.W., additional, Latner, J.D., additional, Lawlor, M.C., additional, Lawrence, J.W., additional, Lennon, S.J., additional, Lester, R.J., additional, Levine, M.P., additional, López, I., additional, Lowder, J.L., additional, Lowe, M.R., additional, Lowry, L.S., additional, Mack, D.E., additional, Mafrici, N., additional, Magee, L., additional, Martin Ginis, K.A., additional, Martz, D.M., additional, McCabe, M.P., additional, McClure, S.M., additional, McCreary, D.R., additional, McCutcheon, J.M., additional, McHale, S., additional, McPherson, K.E., additional, Menzel, J.E., additional, Moeed, S., additional, Morrison, T.G., additional, Murnen, S.K., additional, Murray, A.D., additional, O’Dea, J.A., additional, Oliphant, S., additional, Osborn, D.R., additional, Pawłowski, B., additional, Paxton, S.J., additional, Peterson, J.L., additional, Petrie, T.A., additional, Phillips, K.A., additional, Piran, N., additional, Poole, M., additional, Puhl, R.M., additional, Rennels, J.L., additional, Ressler, A., additional, Reynolds, T.A., additional, Ricciardelli, L.A., additional, Ridolfi, D., additional, Riggio, H.R., additional, Riggio, R.E., additional, Ritter, S., additional, Rodgers, R., additional, Roehrig, M., additional, Rumsey, N.J.K., additional, Russell, R., additional, Rybarczyk, B.D., additional, Sabiston, C.M., additional, Sarwer, D.B., additional, Schaefer, L.M., additional, Schooler, D., additional, Seabrook, R., additional, Sentilles, R.M., additional, Shroff, H.P., additional, Simonich, H., additional, Siragusa, J., additional, Skouteris, H., additional, Smith, D., additional, Smolak, L., additional, Spitzer, J.C., additional, St. Germain, S.A., additional, Swami, V., additional, Taylor, C.B., additional, Thompson, A.R., additional, Thompson, J.K., additional, Tiggemann, M., additional, Tovée, M.J., additional, Tsai, A.G., additional, Tylka, T.L., additional, Unikel, C., additional, van den Berg, P., additional, Vartanian, L.R., additional, Wadden, T.A., additional, Walker, D.C., additional, Wallace, M.L., additional, Waylen, A.E., additional, Webb, V.L., additional, Weisman, H., additional, Wertheim, E.H., additional, White, C.A., additional, Wiederman, M.W., additional, Williams, R.J., additional, Williamson, H., additional, Wilson, P.M., additional, Winzelberg, A., additional, and Wonderlich, S.A., additional

Published
2012
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42. Reviews Fall 2020

Author

Kaminer, T., Bernstein, M., Fitzner, Sebastian, and Williams, R.J.

Subjects
700 Künste und Unterhaltung::720 Architektur::724 Architektur ab 1400, Germany, books review, architectural theory
Published
2020
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44. Leaf phenology of woody species in a North Australian tropical savanna

Author

Williams, R.J., Myers, B.A., Muller, W.J., Duff, G.A., and Eamus, D.

Subjects
Savanna ecology -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Trees -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Leaves -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Biological sciences, Environmental issues, Research, Environmental aspects
Abstract

Leaf phenology was monitored for 49 woody species (trees and tall shrubs) each month over a 2.5-year period in a humid, wet-dry tropical eucalypt savanna at Solar Village, near Darwin, Australia. In the 10 most common species, which spanned the range of phenological types, phenology was monitored every two weeks. To investigate the relationships between leaf phenology and plant water status, pre-dawn leaf water potential was monitored in eight common species every 4-6 weeks, Four main phenological types were described: (1) evergreen species, which retained full canopy throughout the year; (2) brevi- or partly deciduous species, in which the amount of canopy fell significantly, but briefly, during at least one dry season during the study period, but to levels not below 50% of full canopy; (3) semideciduous species in which canopy fell to below 50% of full canopy in each of the dry seasons; and (4) fully deciduous species, which lost all leaves during the early-mid dry season, and remained leafless for at least one month. Of these 49 species, 24% were evergreen, 20% were brevideciduous, 29% were semideciduous, and 27% were fully deciduous. Leaf fall occurred 1-2 months earlier in the dry season for the fully deciduous species than for the semideciduous species. Leaf fall in all species was coincident with the attainment of seasonal minima in leaf water potential, which were, on average, about -1.5 to -2.0 MPa in the evergreen and semideciduous species, compared with about -0.5 to -1.0 MPa in the fully deciduous species. Leaf flushing occurred throughout the dry season in the two evergreen species, with a major peak in the late dry season. In five semideciduous species and one of the fully deciduous species, leaf flushing commenced in the late dry season prior to the occurrence of any rain. In two fully deciduous species, leaf flushing occurred only after the first storms of the early wet season. There was variation in the timing of flushing, both between species within years and between years for some species. However, all species commenced leaf flushing after water potentials rose, following the attainment of seasonal minima in pre-dawn leaf water potential. Soil moisture at 1 m did not fall below permanent wilting point during the dry season; hence, reserves of soil water at the end of the dry season were sufficient to support the whole-plant rehydration that preceded leaf flushing in the absence of rain. These results are consistent with hypotheses, developed in the neotropics, that leaf phenology in trees from the wet-dry tropics is largely controlled by endogenous mechanisms. Key words: Australia; deciduous trees and shrubs; Eucalyptus; leaf flush; phenology; savanna; synchrony; tropical savanna; water potential., INTRODUCTION Tropical savannas are a substantial biome across the world. Savannas consist of a discontinuous stratum of trees over a more or less continuous layer of grasses (Brouliere 1983, Huntley [...]

Published
1997

46. Gap dynamics in subalpine heathland and grassland vegetation in south-eastern Australia

Author

Williams, R.J.

Subjects
Australia -- Natural history, Moors and heaths -- Research, Grassland ecology -- Research, Phytogeography -- Analysis, Plant populations -- Analysis, Biological sciences, Environmental issues
Abstract

1. The patterns of recolonization of bare-ground gaps within subalpine grassland, open grassy heath and closed heath are described for the Bogong High Plains in south-eastern Australia. 2. Bare-ground gaps within grassland and open grassy heath ranged from 5 to 40 cm in diameter, and occurred between tussocks of the dominant Poa hiemata. In comparison, bare-ground gaps within closed heath ranged from 0.5 to 2cm in diameter. 3. Colonists of gaps included shrubs, forbs and graminoids. Establishment was by both vegetative means and seedlings, with the latter most common in shrubs. The diversity of forbs was greatest in gaps within grassland and open heath. Seedling shrubs were the predominant colonists of gaps in closed heath. 4. Gap size affected both species richness and the nature of the seedling populations within both grassland and open heath. Species richness increased with increasing gap area. Shrub seedlings were more common in gaps >30 cm in diameter, whereas Poa hiemata seedlings were more common in gaps

Published
1992

50. Model inter-comparison design for large-scale water quality models

Author

van Vliet, M., Flörke, M., Harrison, J.A., Hofstra, N., Keller, V., Ludwig, F., Spanier, J., Strokal, M., Wada, Y., Wen, Y., Williams, R.J., van Vliet, M., Flörke, M., Harrison, J.A., Hofstra, N., Keller, V., Ludwig, F., Spanier, J., Strokal, M., Wada, Y., Wen, Y., and Williams, R.J.

Abstract

Several model inter-comparison projects (MIPs) have been carried out recently by the climate, hydrological, agricultural and other modelling communities to quantify modelling uncertainties and improve modelling systems. Here we focus on MIP design for large-scale water quality models. Water quality MIPs can be useful to improve our understanding of pollution problems and facilitate the development of harmonized estimates of current and future water quality. This can provide new opportunities for assessing robustness in estimates of water quality hotspots and trends, improve understanding of processes, pollution sources, water quality model uncertainties, and to identify priorities for water quality data collection and monitoring. Water quality MIP design should harmonize relevant model input datasets, use consistent spatial/temporal domains and resolutions, and similar output variables to improve understanding of water quality modelling uncertainties and provide harmonized water quality data that suit the needs of decision makers and other users.

Published
2019

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