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1. Cloud-Based AI for Automatic Audio Production for Personalized Immersive XR Experiences

Author

Oldfield, RG, Walley, MSS, Shirley, BG, Williams, DL, Salsa Sound Ltd, and BT Applied Research

Subjects
Media Technology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

In this article, we focus on the machine-learning approach developed for automatic audio source recognition and mixing for the U.K. Government Department of Culture Media and Sport (DCMS) funded collaborative project called 5G Edge-XR. Leveraging graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration, we deployed innovative algorithms in the cloud so that content can be automatically mixed on-the-fly for a personalized, immersive, and interactive experience for audiences. We describe the algorithms involved, the system architecture, how it has been implemented for immersive live boxing, and also how we are using it to enhance a live in-stadium experience.

Published
2022

2. Assessment of Safety of a Fully Implanted Endovascular Brain-Computer Interface for Severe Paralysis in 4 Patients

Author

Mitchell, P, Lee, SCM, Yoo, PE, Morokoff, A, Sharma, RP, Williams, DL, MacIsaac, C, Howard, ME, Irving, L, Vrljic, I, Williams, C, Bush, S, Balabanski, AH, Drummond, KJ, Desmond, P, Weber, D, Denison, T, Mathers, S, O'Brien, TJ, Mocco, J, Grayden, DB, Liebeskind, DS, Opie, NL, Oxley, TJ, and Campbell, BCV

Subjects
Neurology (clinical)
Abstract

ImportanceBrain-computer interface (BCI) implants have previously required craniotomy to deliver penetrating or surface electrodes to the brain. Whether a minimally invasive endovascular technique to deliver recording electrodes through the jugular vein to superior sagittal sinus is safe and feasible is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the safety of an endovascular BCI and feasibility of using the system to control a computer by thought.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Stentrode With Thought-Controlled Digital Switch (SWITCH) study, a single-center, prospective, first in-human study, evaluated 5 patients with severe bilateral upper-limb paralysis, with a follow-up of 12 months. From a referred sample, 4 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 1 with primary lateral sclerosis met inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. Surgical procedures and follow-up visits were performed at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia. Training sessions were performed at patients’ homes and at a university clinic. The study start date was May 27, 2019, and final follow-up was completed January 9, 2022.InterventionsRecording devices were delivered via catheter and connected to subcutaneous electronic units. Devices communicated wirelessly to an external device for personal computer control.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary safety end point was device-related serious adverse events resulting in death or permanent increased disability. Secondary end points were blood vessel occlusion and device migration. Exploratory end points were signal fidelity and stability over 12 months, number of distinct commands created by neuronal activity, and use of system for digital device control.ResultsOf 4 patients included in analyses, all were male, and the mean (SD) age was 61 (17) years. Patients with preserved motor cortex activity and suitable venous anatomy were implanted. Each completed 12-month follow-up with no serious adverse events and no vessel occlusion or device migration. Mean (SD) signal bandwidth was 233 (16) Hz and was stable throughout study in all 4 patients (SD range across all sessions, 7-32 Hz). At least 5 attempted movement types were decoded offline, and each patient successfully controlled a computer with the BCI.Conclusions and RelevanceEndovascular access to the sensorimotor cortex is an alternative to placing BCI electrodes in or on the dura by open-brain surgery. These final safety and feasibility data from the first in-human SWITCH study indicate that it is possible to record neural signals from a blood vessel. The favorable safety profile could promote wider and more rapid translation of BCI to people with paralysis.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03834857

Published
2023

4. Ocular surface Rose Bengal staining in normal dogs and dogs with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: Preliminary findings

Author

Williams DL and Griffiths A

Subjects
stomatognathic diseases, genetic structures, sense organs, eye diseases
Abstract

Dry eye or keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is commonly seen in the dog. Veterinary ophthalmologists diagnose this aqueous tear deficiency using the Schirmer tear test (STT), but this measures tear production and does not indicate ocular surface pathology. The vital dye Rose Bengal is commonly used in the diagnosis of dry eye in human patients but until now has not been reported in veterinary patients. Here we corelate the degree of Rose Bengal staining with the STT value and find a reasonable association between dye staining of the ocular surface and tear production, although clearly other factors are also important in the genesis of ocular surface damage in dry eye.

Published
2018
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6. β-Glucan Size Controls Dectin-1-Mediated Immune Responses in Human Dendritic Cells by Regulating IL-1β Production

Author

Elder, MJ, Webster, SJ, Chee, W, Williams, DL, Gaston, JSH, Goodall, JC, Webster, Steven [0000-0002-0864-1182], Gaston, Hill [0000-0002-5789-5111], Goodall, Jane [0000-0002-3761-161X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, carbohydrates (lipids), reactive oxygen species, stomatognathic diseases, IL-1β, dendritic cell, Immunology, phagocytosis, β-glucan, macromolecular substances, dectin-1, lcsh:RC581-607
Abstract

Dectin-1/CLEC7A is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes β-1,3 glucans, and its stimulation initiates signaling events characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines from human dendritic cells (DCs) required for antifungal immunity. β-glucans differ greatly in size, structure, and ability to activate effector immune responses from DC; as such, small particulate β-glucans are thought to be poor activators of innate immunity. We show that β-glucan particle size is a critical factor contributing to the secretion of cytokines from human DC; large β-glucan-stimulated DC generate significantly more IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23 compared to those stimulated with the smaller β-glucans. In marked contrast, the secretion of TSLP and CCL22 were found to be insensitive to β-glucan particle size. Furthermore, we show that the capacity to induce phagocytosis, and the relative IL-1β production determined by β-glucan size, regulates the composition of the cytokine milieu generated from DC. This suggests that β-glucan particle size is critically important in orchestrating the nature of the immune response to fungi.

Published
2017
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7. Serious Asthma Events with Fluticasone plus Salmeterol versus Fluticasone Alone

Author

Stempel, Da, Raphiou, Ih, Kral, Km, Yeakey, Am, Emmett, Ah, Prazma, Cm, Buaron, Ks, Pascoe, Sj, Austri, Investigators, Altieri, Hh, Antuni, Jd, Bergna, Ma, Cuadrado, Ja, De Gennaro MS, Fazio Lizandrelo CL, Gattolin, G, Gosn, Am, Larrateguy, Ld, Marcipar, Am, Maspero, Jf, Medina, Iv, Perez Chada RD, Silva, D, Victorio, Cf, Bardin, Pg, Carroll, Pa, Clements, Bs, Dore, Nd, Robinson, Pd, Fitzgerald, Da, Robinson, Pj, Russo, Ma, Sajkov, D, Thomas, Ps, Upham, Jw, Forstner, B, Kaik, G, Koeberl, Gh, Studnicka, M, Wallner, G, Balthazar, Y, Bauler, A, Dupont, Lj, Martinot, Jb, Ninane, V, Peché, R, Pilette, C, Dimitrova, R, Dimova, D, Kissyova Ibrishimova, G, Loboshka Becheva, M, Machkovska, M, Madjarov, S, Mandazhieva Pepelanova, M, Naidenova, I, Noleva, K, Takovska, N, Terziev, C, Aggarwal, Nk, Chapman, Kr, Csanadi, Ma, Dhillon, R, Henein, S, Kelly, Aj, Lam, As, Liem, Jj, Lougheed, Md, Lowe, Dw, Rizvi, Q, van den Berg, L, Zidel, B, Barros Monge MJ, Calvo Gil MA, Castillo Hofer CR, Diaz Amor PV, Lezana Soya, V, Quilodran Silva CN, Bolivar Grimaldos, F, Solarte-Rodriguez, I, Butkovic-Tomljanovic, R, Hegedus-Jungvirth, M, Ivkovic-Jurekovic, I, Simunov-Karuza, G, Buresova, M, Bursova, J, Fratrik, J, Guttlerova, E, Hartman, P, Jirmanova, I, Kalina, P, Kolman, P, Kucera, M, Povysilova, L, Pravda, P, Svabkova, A, Zakova, L, Backer, V, Maltbaek, N, Johnsen, Cr, Aries, Sp, Babyesiza, A, Barth, D, Benedix, A, Berg, P, Bergtholdt, B, Bettig, U, Bindig, Hw, Botzen, U, Brehler, R, Breyer, Go, Bruckhaus-Walter, M, Dapper, T, Eckhard, Jg, Engelhard, R, Feldmeyer, F, Fissan, H, Franz, Kh, Frick, Bs, Funck, J, Gessner, Cm, Ginko, T, Grigat, Ce, Grimm-Sachs, V, Groth, G, Hampf, J, Hanf, G, Havasi-Jost, G, Heinz, Gu, Helm, K, Hoeltz, S, Hofmann, S, Jander, R, Jandl, M, Jasch-Hoppe, B, Jung, T, Junggeburth, Jj, Kardos, P, Knueppel, W, Koch, T, Kolorz, C, Korduan, M, Korth-Wiemann, B, Krezdorn, Hg, Kroker, A, Kruell, M, Kuehne, P, Lenk, U, Liefring, E, Merke, J, Micke, L, Mitlehner, W, Mueller, H, Naudts, If, Neumann, G, Oldenburg, W, Overlack, A, Panzer, F, Reinholz, N, Remppis, R, Riegel, P, Rueckert, P, Schaetzl, Rj, Schauer, U, Hamelmann, E, Schenkenberger, I, Schlegel, V, Scholz, G, Schroers, M, Schwittay, A, Sebert, M, Tyler, K, Soemantri, Pa, Stock, P, Stuchlik, G, Unland, M, von Mallinckrodt, C, Wachter, J, Weber, U, Weberling, F, Wehgartner-Winkler, S, Weimer, J, Wiemer, S, Winkelmann, Ej, Zeisler, Kh, Ziegner, A, Zimny, Hh, Andrasofszky, Z, Bartha, A, Farkas, M, Gömöri, K, Kis, S, Major, K, Mészáros, I, Mezei, M, Rakvacs, M, Szalai, Z, Szántó, J, Szentesi, M, Szolnoki, E, Valyon, E, Zibotics, H, Anwar, J, Arimah, C, Djajalaksana, S, Rai, Ib, Setijadi, Ar, Setyanto, Db, Susanti, F, Syafiuddin, T, Syamsi, Ln, Wijanarko, P, Yunus, F, Bonavia, M, Braga, M, Chetta, Aa, Cerveri, I, Luisetti, M, Crimi, N, Cutrera, R, De Rosa, M, Esposito, S, Foresi, A, Gammeri, E, Iemoli, E, Legnani, Dl, Michetti, G, Pastorello, Ea, Pesci, A, Pistolesi, M, Riva, E, Romano, A, Scichilone, N, Terracciano, L, Tripodi, S, Choi, I, Kim, C, Kim, Js, Kim, Wj, Koh, Yy, Kwon, Ss, Lee, Sh, Lee, S, Lee, Sk, Park, Cs, Cirule, I, Eglite, R, Petrova, I, Poga, M, Smiltena, I, Chomiciene, A, Davoliene, I, Griskeviciene, V, Naudziunas, A, Naudziunas, S, Rudzeviciene, O, Sitkauskiene, B, Urbonas, G, Vaicius, D, Valavicius, A, Valiulis, A, Vebriene, J, bin Abdul Aziz FA, Daud, M, Ismail, Ai, Tengku Saifudin TI, Md Kassim RM, Mohd Fadzli FB, Wan Mohamad WH, Aguilar Dominguez PE, Aguilar-Orozco, Ra, Garza-Salinas, S, Ramirez-Diaz, Sp, Sánchez Llamas, F, Soto-Ramos, M, Velarde-Mora, Hj, Aguirre Sosa, I, Cisneros, Am, Estrella Viladegut RA, Matsuno Fuchigami, A, Adiaz-Baui, Tt, Bernan, Ap, Onia, Af, Sandagon, Mj, S-Naval, S, Yu, Cy, Bartuzi, Z, Bielous-Wilk, A, Błażowski, Ł, Bożek, A, Brzostek, J, Chorostowska-Wynimko, J, Ciekalska, K, Ziora, D, Cieslicki, J, Emeryk, A, Folcik, K, Gałuszka-Bilińska, A, Gawlik, R, Giejlo, M, Harat, R, Hofman, T, Jahnz-Różyk, K, Jedrzejczak, M, Kachel, T, Kamiński, D, Kelm Warchol, A, Konieczny, Z, Kwasniewski, A, Leszczyński, W, Mincewicz, G, Niezgoda, K, Olszewska-Ziąber, A, Onasz-Manitius, M, Pawlukiewicz, M, Piotrowicz, P, Piotrowski, W, Pisarczyk-Bogacka, E, Piskorz, P, Prokop-Staszecka, A, Roslan, A, Słomka, A, Smalera, E, Stelmach, I, Swierczynska-Krepa, M, Szmidt, M, Tarnowska-Matusiak, M, Tłuczykont, B, Tyminska, K, Waszkuc-Golonko, J, Wojciechowska, I, Alexandrescu, Ds, Neamtu, Ml, Todea, D, Alekseeva, E, Aleksandrova, E, Asherova, I, Barbarash, Ol, Bugrova, O, Bukreeva, Eb, Chermenskiy, A, Chizhova, O, Demko, I, Evdokimova, A, Giorgadze, Ml, Grigoryev, S, Irkhina, I, Khurkhurova, Nv, Kondyurina, Eg, Kostin, Vi, Kudelya, L, Laleko, Sl, Lenskaya, L, Levashov, S, Logvinenko, N, Martynov, A, Mizernitski, Y, Nemtsov, B, Novozhenov, Vg, Pavlishchuk, S, Popova, Vv, Reshetko, Ov, Sherenkov, A, Shirinsky, Vs, Shpagina, L, Soloviev, Ki, Tkachev, A, Trofimov, Vi, Vertkin, Al, Vorobeva, E, Idrisova, E, Yakushin, S, Zadionchenko, V, Zhiglinskaya, O, Zykov, K, Dopudja Pantic, V, Nadaskic, R, Nestorovic, B, Skodric Trifunovic, V, Stojanovic, A, Vukcevic, M, Vujic, T, Mitic Milikic, M, Banovcin, P, Horvathova, H, Karako, P Sr, Plutinsky, J, Pribulova, E, Szarazova, M, Zlatos, A, Adams, L, Badat, A, Bassa, A, Breedt, J, Bruning, A, Ellis, Gc, Emanuel, S, Fouche, Lf, Fulat, Ma, Gani, M, Ismail, Ms, Jurgens, Jc, Nell, H, Nieuwoudt, G, Noor, F, Bolliger, Ct, Puterman, As, Siddique, N, Trokis, Js, Vahed, Ya, Van Der Berg BJ, Van der Linden, M, Van Zyl, L, Visser, Ss, Antépara Ercoreca, I, Arnedillo Muñoz, A, Barbe Illa, F, Barreiro López, B, Blanco Aparicio, M, Boada Valmaseda, A, Bosque García, M, Bustamante Ruiz, A, Carretero Anibarro, P, Del Campo Matias, F, Echave-Sustaet, Jm, Espinosa de los Monteros Garde MJ, Garcia Hernandez GM, López Viña, A, Lores Obradors, L, Luengo Planas MT, Monsó Molas, E, Navarro Dourdil, A, Nieto García AJ, Perpina Tordera, M, Picado Valles, C, Rodriguez Alvarez Mdel, M, Saura Vinuesa, A, Serra Batlles, J, Soler Sempere MJ, Toran Montserrat, P, Valdés Cuadrado LG, Villasante Fernandez-Montes, C, Cheng, Sl, Chern, Jh, Chiu, Mh, Chung, Cl, Lai, Rs, Lin, Ck, Liu, Yc, Wang, Cc, Wei, Yf, Amer, L, Berenfus, Vi, Besh, L, Duka, Kd, Fushtey, Im, Garmash, N, Dudnyk, O, Godlevska, O, Vlasenko, Ma, Hospodarskyy, I, Iashyna, L, Kaladze, M, Khvelos, Si, Kostromina, Vp, Krakhmalova, O, Kryuchko, T, Kulynych, Ov, Krasko, Mp, Levchenko, O, Litvinova, T, Panina, Ss, Pasiyeshvili, Lm, Prystupa, Ln, Romaniuk, Li, Sirenko, I, Synenko, Vi, Vynnychenko, Lb, Yatsyshyn, Ri, Zaitsev, I, Zhebel, V, Zubarenko, O, Arthur, Cp, Brown, V, Burhan, H, Chaudhuri, R, Collier, D, Barnes, Nc, Davies, Ej, Ellery, A, Kwok, S, Lenney, W, Nordstrom, M, Pandya, Hc, Parker, Iw, Rajakulasingam, K, Seddon, P, Sharma, R, Thomas, Ec, Wakeling, Ja, Abalos-Galito, M, Abboy, C, Abreu, E, Ackerman, If, Acosta, Ia, Adaoag, Aa, Ahmed, M, Ali, Mi, Allen, Dr, Allen GG Jr, Diogo, Jj, Allison, Dc, Alwine, Lk, Apaliski, Sj, Arastu, Rs, Arora, Cm, Auerbach, D, Azzam, Sj, Badar FL 3rd, Baker, Jw, Barasch, Jp, Barber, Ma, Bardinas-Rodriguez, R, Barreiro, Tj, Baumbach, Rr, Baur, Ce, Baxter, Bs, Beach, Jl, Beasley, Rl, Beavins, Je, Beliveau, Wj, Benbow, Mj, Bennett, Nl, Bennett, Rl, Bernal, H, Bernstein, Di, Blaiss, Ms, Blumenthal, Kw, Boas, Sr, Borders, Jl, Boscia, Ja, Boulware, Wn, Bowling, Bt, Brabec, Ba, Bramlet, Dg, Figueroa, Dp, Brautigam, Df, Brownell, Jm, Bruce, Tr, Call, Rs, Campbell, Ca, Canaan, Ya, Cannon, Df, Carpio, Jm, Cathcart, Ws, Cevallos, Jp, Chauhan, Av, Chuang, Rb, Chevalier, D, Christensen, J, Christensen, Ta, Christina, Mo, Chrzanowski, Rr, Civitarese, Fa, Clark, Jp, Clifford, Dp, Lapidus, Rj, Coggi, Ja, Lenz, Jj, Cohen, Kr, Collins, Bg, Collins, H, Comellas, A, Condit, J, Cordasco EM Jr, Corder, Cn, Covar, Ra, Coverston, Kd, Croce, Sa, Cruz, H, Curtis, Ct, Daftary, Pk, Dalan, D, Dalawari, Sp, Daly, Wc, Davis, Kc, Dawes, Kw, Decotiis, Ba, Deluca, Rf, Desantis, Dm, De Valle OL, Diaz, Jl, Diaz, Jd, Dice, Jp, Elizalde, A, Hosler, Mr, Dixon, C, Dobkin, La, Dobrusin, Rs, Dransfield, Mt, Ebbeling, Wl, Edwards, Jd, Elacion, Jm, Elkayam, D, Ellison, Wt, Elsen, Jr, Engel, Lr, Ensz, Dj, Ericksen, Cl, Ervin, Je, Fang, C, Abrahamian, F, Farrah, Vb, Field, Jd, Fishman, Hj, Florea, R, Nayyar, S, Focil, A, Focauld, F, Franco MA Jr, Frandsen, Br, Ganti, K, Garcia, Fl, Lee, Wm, Garscadden, Ag, Gatti, Ea, Gellady, Am, George, Ar, Gibbon, Gw, Gleason, Gp, Goldberg, P, Goldstein, Mf, Gonzalez, Ge, Gower, Rg, Grande, Ja, Gregory, D, Grubb, Sd, Guthrie, Rp, Haas, Ta, Haft, Ks, Hajal, R, Hammond, Gd, Hansel, Nn, Hansen, Vr, Harris, Af, Hartman, An, Harvey, Rr, Hazan-Steinberg, S, Headley, Dm, Heigerick, Gc, Heller, Bn, Hendrix, El, Herrod, Jn, Hewitt, Mj, Hines, Rl, Hirdt, Ap, Hirschfield, Ja, Hoffman, Ks, Hogan, Ad, Howland, Wc, Hsu, Cc, Hsu, Fj, Hubbard, Wm, Hudson, Jd, Huffman, C, Hussain, M, Ioachimescu, Oc, Ismail, Ym, Jaffrani, Na, Jiang, N, Jones, Sw, Jordan, Rs, Joshi, Ke, Kaashmiri, Mw, Kalafer, M, Kamdar, Ba, Kanuga, Jg, Kao, Nl, Karetzky, M, Katsetos, Jc, Kay, Js, Kimmel, Ma, Kimura, Sh, Kingsley, Jk, Mahmood, Sm, Subich, Dc, Kirstein, Jl, Kleerup, Ec, Klein, Rm, Koh, Dw, Kohli, N, Koura, Fa, Kovacs, Sp, Kratzer, J, Kreit, Ci, Kreutter, Fm, Kubicki, Tm, Labuda, Jm, Latorre, Aj, Lara, Mm, Lechin, Ae, Lee, Jj, Lee, Md, Lentnek, Al, Lesh, Kw, Levins, Pf, Anspach, Rb, Levinsky, Dm, Lillestol, Mj, Lim, H, Livezey, Md, Lloyd-Turney, Cw, Lockey, Rf, Long, Ra, Lynch, Mj, Macgillivray, Bk, Mahadevan, Kp, Makam, Sk, Maloney, Mj, Mapel, D, Margolis, Bd, Margulies, J, Martin, Ef, Martin, Ee, Mascolo, M, Mataria, H, Sunbuli, M, Mathur, Rn, Mattar, Pn, Maynard, Km, Maynard, N, Mccormick, B, Mcelya, M, Mcevoy, Ce, Mckenzie, Wc, Medwedeff, Le, Mehta, Kd, Melamed, Ir, Meli, Jv, Merrick, Bh, Meyers, Pj, Miller, Bt, Minton, Sm, Miranda, Fg, Mohar, De, Montenegro, Ch, Morris, Fa, Morrison, Bs, Moss, Mh, Munoz, F, Naini, Gr, Nakamura, Ct, Naseeruddin, S, Nassim, C, Navazo, Lj, Nissim, Je, Norman, D, Oberoi, Ms, O'Connor, Tm, Offenberger, J, Orr, Rr, Osea, Ea, Paine, Wj, Rasmussen, Nl, Palatnik, M, Pangtay, D, Panuto, Ja, Patel, M, Perera, Ms, Perez, A, Peters PH Jr, Pimentel SM Jr, Pluto, Tm, Pollock, Mt, Posner, Ls, Pritchard, Jc, Pudi, Kk, Puig, Cm, Qaqundah, Py, Radbill, Mk, Rahman, St, Raikhel, M, Raissy, Hh, Ramstad, Ds, Ranasinghe, Es, Rangel, Os, Rapo, Se, Raschal, Sp, Reddy, Dg, Rehman, Sm, Reyes, Sr, Rhodes, Rb, Riffer, E, Rihal, Ps, Riley ED 4th, Rodriguez, Dh, Rogers, Cm, Rohlf, Jl, Romeu, H, Roney, Cw, Ronsick, So, Rosen, Jb, Rowe, Ms, Ruoff, Ge, Ryan, Eh, Saff, Rh, Saini, N, Anand, S, Balakrishnan, K, Samuels, Bs, Samuelson, Rj, Saniuk, Rj, Sargeant, Wo, Saunders, Mk, Saway, W, Scarupa, Md, White, Mv, Schear, Mj, Schwarz, Cm, Scott, Rb, Segall, N, Seibert, Af, Seidmeyer, V, Seidner, Mr, Seifer, Fd, Serje, J, Shah, Ms, Shah, Sb, Shapero, Pa, Shearer, Sd, Sheikh, Sq, Shepherd, Ts, Sher, Er, Sher, Ld, Short, Bh, Silas, Pe, Alvey, Jc, Silverfield, Jc, Simon, Sj, Sitar, S, Skoner, Dp, Smallow, Sa, Smart, Ba, Smith, Ca, Smith, Ke, Smith, Sk, Snyders, Gc, Soong, W, Soufer, J, Spangenthal, S, Stahlman, Je, Steele, Lg, Stegemoller, Rk, Stocks, J, Storms, Ww, Suen, J, Surowitz, Rz, Swauger, Jr, Taber, La, Tan, Ae, Pratt, Se, Tanus, T, Tarpay, Mm, Tarshis, Ga, Tenney, Jw, Tilghman, Kg, Trevino, Me, Troyan, Be, Twiddy, Sk, Updegrove, Jd, Urval, Kr, Uusinarkaus, Kt, Vaela, R, Van Cleeff, M, Varano, S, Vo, Qd, Wainz, Rj, Wald, Ja, Wall, Sj, Wasserman, Rl, Weinstein, Dl, Welker, Ja, Wellmon, B 2nd, Wells, T, Wenocur, Hs, Williams, Dl, Williams, Sl, Win, Ph, Wingo, Td, Wisman PP Jr, Wyszomierski, Da, Yamada, Hm, Yarows, S, Yunger TM Jr, Ziering, Rw., the AUSTRI Investigators, Stempel, D., Raphiou, I., Kral, K., Yeakey, A., Emmett, A., Prazma, C., Buaron, K., and Pascoe, S. Scichilone N tra i collaboratori

Subjects
Male, asthma, serious events, fluticasone, salmeterol, AUSTRI, Exacerbation, Intention to Treat Analysi, INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS, Severity of Illness Index, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, immune system diseases, Ús terapèutic, Broncodilatadors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Fluticasone, RISK, ACTING BETA-AGONISTS, EXACERBATIONS, METAANALYSIS, MORTALITY, SAFETY, DEATH, FDA, Medicine (all), Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Bronchodilator agents, Middle Aged, Fluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combination, Bronchodilator Agents, Intention to Treat Analysis, Anesthesia, Female, Salmeterol, medicine.drug, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Fluticasone propionate, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Administration, Inhalation, medicine, Humans, Asma, Bronchodilator Agent, Asthma, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, Therapeutic use, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 030228 respiratory system, Fluticasone Propionate, Salmeterol Xinafoate Drug Combination, Proportional Hazards Model, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND The safe and appropriate use of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) for the treatment of asthma has been widely debated. In two large clinical trials, investigators found a potential risk of serious asthma-related events associated with LABAs. This study was designed to evaluate the risk of administering the LABA salmeterol in combination with an inhaled glucocorticoid, fluticasone propionate. METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, adolescent and adult patients (age, ≥12 years) with persistent asthma were assigned to receive either fluticasone with salmeterol or fluticasone alone for 26 weeks. All the patients had a history of a severe asthma exacerbation in the year before randomization but not during the previous month. Patients were excluded from the trial if they had a history of lifethreatening or unstable asthma. The primary safety end point was the first serious asthma-related event (death, endotracheal intubation, or hospitalization). Noninferiority of fluticasone–salmeterol to fluticasone alone was defined as an upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval for the risk of the primary safety end point of less than 2.0. The efficacy end point was the first severe asthma exacerbation. RESULTS Of 11,679 patients who were enrolled, 67 had 74 serious asthma-related events, with 36 events in 34 patients in the fluticasone–salmeterol group and 38 events in 33 patients in the fluticasone-only group. The hazard ratio for a serious asthmarelated event in the fluticasone–salmeterol group was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 1.66), and noninferiority was achieved (P = 0.003). There were no asthma-related deaths; 2 patients in the fluticasone-only group underwent asthmarelated intubation. The risk of a severe asthma exacerbation was 21% lower in the fluticasone–salmeterol group than in the fluticasone-only group (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.89), with at least one severe asthma exacerbation occurring in 480 of 5834 patients (8%) in the fluticasone–salmeterol group, as compared with 597 of 5845 patients (10%) in the fluticasone-only group (P

Published
2016

8. Antimalarial NADPH-Consuming Redox-Cyclers as Superior G6PD Deficiency Copycats

Author

Bielitza, M, Belorgey, D, Ehrhardt, K, Johann, L, Lanfranchi, Da, Gallo, Valentina, Keiling, BRIGITTE EVELIN, Mohring, F, Jortzik, E, Williams, Dl, Becker, K, Arese, Paolo, Elhabiri, M, and Davioud Charvet, E.

Subjects
malaria, redox cycler, Antimalarial drugs, G6PD glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Published
2015

9. In vivo phosphorus NMR spectroscopy of skin using a crossover surface coil

Author

Steen Rg, Izenberg S, James A. Nelson, Todd L. Richards, Yuhchyau Chen, Robert N. Golden, and Williams Dl

Subjects
Models, Anatomic, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Phosphocreatine, Dermatologic Surgical Procedures, Surgical Flaps, Imaging phantom, Phosphates, chemistry.chemical_compound, Organophosphorus Compounds, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Ischemia, In vivo, Surface coil, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Skin, Tissue Survival, integumentary system, Phosphorus, Rats, Inbred Strains, Equipment Design, Penetration (firestop), Image Enhancement, Rats, Inbred F344, Rats, chemistry, Female, Nucleoside, Hydrogen
Abstract

A modified crossover surface coil with minimal B1 field penetration was used for collection of skin phosphorus NMR spectra. Projection imaging experiments show that the coilsensitive volume is uniform at the phosphorus frequency, but strikingly nonuniform at s the proton frequency. Experiments with an in vitro phosphorus phantom, designed to simulate skin and underlying tissue, demonstrated that 45.1% (±1.2%) of total signal was derived from Sprague-Dawley rat skin and 19.3% (±1.4%) of total signal was derived from Fischer-344 rat skin. 31P MR spectra of rat skin in vivo permitted resolution of four phosphorus compounds: nucleoside triphosphates, phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and phosphomonoester. Spectra collected after skin flap surgery in Fischer-344 rats showed a 50.1% (±7.6%) reduction in the ratio of PCr/Pi within 30 min of surgery, compared to presurgical PCr/Pi levels (P < 0.01). Skin phosphorus spectra are potentially useful for assessment of skin flap and skin graft viability. © 1992 Academic Press, Inc.

Published
1992

10. Magnetic penetration depth and flux dynamics in single-crystalBi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ

Author

Aharon Kapitulnik, Williams Dl, D. R. Harshman, Rafael N. Kleiman, M. Inui, Pfiz T, G. P. Espinosa, and David B. Mitzi

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Muon, Condensed matter physics, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, General Physics and Astronomy, Second moment of area, chemistry, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Cuprate, Penetration depth, Single crystal, Motional narrowing, Inorganic compound
Abstract

The muon-spin-relaxation technique has been used to study vortex dynamics in single-phase superconducting single crystals of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} ({ital T}{sub {ital c}}{approx}90 K). The data indicate motional narrowing of the internal field distribution due to vortex motion (on a time scale comparable to the muon lifetime). A field-dependent lattice transition is also observed at {ital T}{sub {ital x}}{similar to}30 K, as evidenced by the onset of an asymmetric line shape below {ital T}{sub {ital x}}. Narrowing arising from disordering of the vortices along (001) is also discussed with reference to its effect on the measured penetration depth.

Published
1991

11. Magnetic penetration depth in the organic superconductor κ-[BEDT-TTF]2Cu[NCS]2

Author

Pfiz T, S. V. Chichester-Hicks, Robert C. Haddon, L. W. Rupp, D. R. Harshman, Martin L. Kaplan, Williams Dl, Rafael N. Kleiman, and David B. Mitzi

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Magnetization, Electron pair, Crystallography, Condensed matter physics, Transition temperature, Organic superconductor, London penetration depth, General Physics and Astronomy, Penetration depth
Abstract

We report the first direct measurement of the effective magnetic penetration depth in oriented single crystals of {kappa}-(BEDT-TTF){sub 2}Cu(NCS){sub 2}, with {ital T}{sub {ital c}}(5 G){approx}9 K. Results yield an effective in-plane value of {lambda}{sub {ital e}{ital f}{ital f}}{sup {ital b}{ital c}}(0){approx}9800 A (for {ital H}{sub ext}{approx}3 kG), and a temperature dependence consistent with conventional {ital s}-wave pairing. Comparison with the London penetration depth, {lambda}{sub {ital L}}(0) (estimated to be {approx}5100 A), indicates a tendency toward dirty-limit superconductivity, with the ratio of coherence length over mean free path of {xi}{sub 0}{sup {ital b}{ital c}}/{ital l}{sub {ital b}{ital c}}{approx}2.7. From our results, it appears unnecessary to invoke any unconventional pairing schemes to explain the superconductivity in this material.

Published
1990

17. Spin fluctuations and anisotropic nuclear relaxation in single-crystal UPt3

Author

MacLaughlin De, Bucher E, Vithayathil Jp, Koster E, and Williams Dl

Subjects
Physics, Condensed matter physics, Relaxation (NMR), Spin–lattice relaxation, Antiferromagnetism, Order (ring theory), Fermi gas, Single crystal, Hyperfine structure, Inelastic neutron scattering
Abstract

The anisotropy and temperature dependence of the {sup 195}Pt spin-lattice relaxation rate {ital T} {sub 1}{sup {minus}1} have been measured in a single crystal of the heavy-fermion compound UPt{sub 3}. Between 1.5 and 4.2 K {ital T} {sub 1}{sup {minus}1} is proportional to temperature. The observed anisotropy {ital T} {sub 1( )}{sup {minus}1}/{ital T} {sub 1{perpendicular}}{sup {minus}1}=1.7{plus minus}0.1, together with the nearly isotropic {sup 195}Pt hyperfine field, imply that the spin fluctuations are predominantly in the basal plane. The Korringa product is close to the value expected for a noninteracting Fermi gas, which indicates that the relaxation is not enhanced by antiferromagnetic (AFM) fluctuations. The effective fluctuation rates derived from these NMR data (9{plus minus}1 meV) and from inelastic neutron scattering by AFM fluctuations are similar, indicating that a rate of this order characterizes a range of fluctuation wave vectors.

Published
1991

20. A phase 2 clinical trial of sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy with ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine followed by cisplatin, gemcitabine, and ifosfamide in locally advanced urothelial cancer: final results.

Author

Siefker-Radtke AO, Dinney CP, Shen Y, Williams DL, Kamat AM, Grossman HB, Millikan RE, Siefker-Radtke, Arlene O, Dinney, Colin P, Shen, Yu, Williams, Dallas L, Kamat, Ashish M, Grossman, H Barton, and Millikan, Randall E

Abstract

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with high-risk urothelial cancer. However, the lack of curative alternatives to cisplatin-based chemotherapy is limiting for patients with neuropathy or hearing loss. Sequential chemotherapy also has not been well studied in the neoadjuvant setting. The authors explored sequential neoadjuvant ifosfamide-based chemotherapy in a patient cohort at high risk of noncurative cystectomy.Methods: Patients with muscle-invasive cancer and lymphovascular invasion, hydronephrosis, clinical T3b and T4a (cT3b-4a) disease (defined as a 3-dimensional mass on examination under anesthetic or invasion into local organs), micropapillary tumors, or upper tract disease received 3 cycles of combined ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine followed by 4 cycles of combined cisplatin, gemcitabine, and ifosfamide. The primary endpoint was downstaging to pT1N0M0 disease or lower.Results: At a median follow-up of 85.3 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates for all 65 patients were 63% and 68%, respectively (95% confidence interval: 5-year OS rate, 0.52%-0.76%; 5-year DSS rate, 0.58%-0.81%). Pathologic downstaging to pT1N0 disease or lower occurred in 50% of patients who underwent cystectomy and in 60% of patients who underwent nephroureterectomy and was correlated with the 5-year OS rate (pT1N0 disease or lower, 87%; pT2-pT3aN0 disease, 67%; and pT3b disease or higher or lymph node-negative disease, 27%; P ≤ .001 for pT1 or lower vs pT2 or higher). Variant histology was associated with an inferior 5-year DSS rate (50% vs 83% in pure transitional cell carcinoma; P = .02). The most frequent grade 3 toxicities were infection (38%), febrile neutropenia (22%), and mucositis (18%). There were 3 grade 4 toxicities (myocardial infarction, thrombocytopenia, and vomiting) and 1 grade 5 toxicity in a patient who refused antibiotics for pneumonia.Conclusions: Sequential therapy was active and maintained the historic expectation of achieving a cure. The current results strongly reinforced previous experience suggesting that pathologic downstaging to pT1N0 disease or less is a useful surrogate for eventual cure in patients with urothelial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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21. Cardiac output and propofol concentrations in prone surgical patients.

Author

Leslie K, Wu CY, Bjorksten AR, Williams DL, Ludbrook G, Williamson E, Leslie, K, Wu, C Y X, Bjorksten, A R, Williams, D L, Ludbrook, G, and Williamson, E

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare cardiac output and plasma propofol concentrations in the supine and prone positions in healthy adult patients presenting for lumbar spine surgery. Patients received propofol and remifentanil via effect-site steered target-controlled infusions. Cardiac output and plasma propofol concentration were compared during 20 minutes in the supine position and 20 minutes after positioning on a Wilson frame. Cardiac output did not change significantly over 20 minutes in either position (P = 0.37) and was similar at 20 minutes in the supine (6.1 [1.6] l/minute) and prone positions (6.1 [1.9] l/minute) (P = 0.87). Propofol concentrations were similar in the supine and prone positions at 20 minutes (2.55 [0.89] and 2.53 [0.90] microg/ml; P = 0.93). We conclude that prone positioning on the Wilson frame does not affect cardiac output or plasma propofol concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

22. Indoor particulate matter increases asthma morbidity in children with non-atopic and atopic asthma.

Author

McCormack MC, Breysse PN, Matsui EC, Hansel NN, Peng RD, Curtin-Brosnan J, Williams DL, Wills-Karp M, Diette GB, Center for Childhood Asthma in the Urban Environment, McCormack, Meredith C, Breysse, Patrick N, Matsui, Elizabeth C, Hansel, Nadia N, Peng, Roger D, Curtin-Brosnan, Jean, Williams, D'Ann L, Wills-Karp, Marsha, and Diette, Gregory B

Published
2011
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24. A randomised, single-blind, controlled trial of silicone disposable laryngeal masks during anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing adult patients.

Author

Williams DL, Wong SM, Pemberton EJ, Webb TG, Alexander KD, Williams, D L, Wong, S M, Pemberton, E J, Webb, T G, and Alexander, K D

Abstract

We hypothesised that two new silicone disposable laryngeal mask airways, Meditech Systems Limited (MSL) and ProAct (PA), would perform similarly to the Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway (cLMA) in spontaneously breathing adult patients. One hundred and twenty consecutive adult patients were prospectively enrolled and randomly allocated to one of three groups (PA, MSL, cLMA). All patients received a standardised anaesthetic and insertion technique. The overall success rates were 97.5% for all three masks, with one failure of laryngeal mask airway insertion in each group. There was no statistical difference in airway sealing pressures between the PA laryngeal mask airway (17.9+/-5.9 cmH2O), MSL laryngeal mask airway (18.5+/-6.9 cmH2O,) and cLMA (17.6+/-5.6 cmH2O) (P=0.816). There was no statistical difference in insertion times, ease of insertion, cuff pressure and cuff volumes. The MSL and PA disposable laryngeal mask airways provided comparable airway sealing pressures to the reusable cLMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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25. Postoperative analgesia and respiratory events in patients with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea.

Author

Blake DW, Yew CY, Donnan GB, Williams DL, Blake, D W, Yew, C Y, Donnan, G B, and Williams, D L

Abstract

Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea are common in patients presenting for surgery and are associated with increased morbidity. Analgesia contributes significantly to postoperative respiratory depression and obstruction, so we compared standard morphine patient-controlled analgesia with an opioid-sparing protocol (tramadol patient-controlled analgesia, parecoxib and rescue-only morphine) in these patients. Sixty-two patients presenting for elective surgery with body mass index > or = 28 and signs or symptoms suggesting obstructive sleep apnoea were randomised to receive either the opioid or opioid-sparing postoperative analgesia protocol, with continuous respiratory monitoring for 12 hours on the first postoperative night. The number of respiratory events (apnoeas and hypopnoeas) and oxygen desaturations were compared. There was no difference between treatment groups in the number of obstructive apnoeas, hypopnoeas or central apnoeas. However, central apnoeas and a rate of respiratory events > 15 per hour were related to postoperative morphine dose (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002). In patients at risk of obstructed breathing, intention to treat with an opioid-sparing analgesia protocol did not decrease the rate of respiratory events, although the rate was still related to the total morphine dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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28. Randomised comparison of the Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway with the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway during anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing adult patients.

Author

Andrews DT, Williams DL, Alexander KD, Lie Y, Andrews, D T, Williams, D L, Alexander, K D, and Lie, Y

Abstract

We tested the hypothesis that the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway (PLA) with its high volume low-pressure cuff would provide superior airway leakage pressure compared with the Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) in spontaneously breathing adult patients. Ninety consecutive adult patients were randomly allocated to receive one of these two supralaryngeal devices. The airway leakage pressure was higher for the PLA compared with the LMA (22 +/- 9 cmH2O vs. 18 +/- 6 cmH2O; P < 0.05). The mean airway device intracuff pressure was lower for the PLA compared to the LMA (36.1 +/- 15.2 mmHg vs. 86.3 +/- 25.3 mmHg P < 0.0001). The time required to achieve successful insertion was greater for the PLA compared with the LMA (39 +/- 21 seconds vs. 27 +/- 10 seconds; P < 0.005). The number of attempts required to achieve successful insertion and the incidence of postoperative complications were similar in both groups. The findings suggest that the PLA provides a superior airway seal at a lower intracuff pressure compared to the LMA. However the time for successful insertion may be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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29. Vaginal microbicide and diaphragm use for sexually transmitted infection prevention: a randomized acceptability and feasibility study among high-risk women in Madagascar.

Author

Behets FM, Turner AN, Van Damme K, Rabenja NL, Ravelomanana N, Swezey TA, Bell AJ, Newman DR, Williams DL, Jamieson DJ, Mad STI Prevention Group, Behets, Frieda M, Turner, Abigail Norris, Van Damme, Kathleen, Rabenja, Ny Lovaniaina, Ravelomanana, Noro, Swezey, Teresa A, Bell, April J, Newman, Daniel R, and Williams, D'Nyce L

Published
2008
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30. Preoperative assessment for obstructive sleep apnoea and the prediction of postoperative respiratory obstruction and hypoxaemia.

Author

Blake DW, Chia PH, Donnan G, Williams DL, Blake, D W, Chia, P H, Donnan, G, and Williams, D L

Abstract

Patients scheduled for elective surgery requiring general anaesthesia and hospital admission were assessed for risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using history, body mass index and upper airway examination to determine any relation between OSA risk and the rate of respiratory events after surgery. Anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia were at the discretion of the treating anaesthetist, who was made aware of any suspicion of OSA. Respiratory monitoring for apnoeas (central or obstructive), hypopnoeas and oxygen desaturations was continuous for a 12-hour period on the first postoperative night. We used automated analysis and visual scanning of respiratory recordings, but sleep stages were not assessed. Patients classified as OSA risk had more respiratory obstructive events per hour than controls (38+/-22 vs. 14+/-10) and an increased proportion of the 12-hour monitored period with oxygen saturation <90% (7+/-12% vs. 2+/-5% of the 12-hour period). Perioperative morphine dose was predictive of central apnoeas for both OSA risk and control patients (P=0.002). This study suggests that preoperative suspicion of OSA should lead to increased postoperative monitoring and efforts to minimise sedation and opioid dose. It also supports the routine use of supplemental oxygen with patient-controlled opioid analgesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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31. Phase I safety trial of two vaginal microbicide gels (Acidform or BufferGel) used with a diaphragm compared to KY jelly used with a diaphragm.

Author

Williams DL, Newman DR, Ballagh SA, Creinin MD, Barnhart K, Weiner DH, Bell AJ, Jamieson DJ, Williams, D'Nyce L, Newman, Daniel R, Ballagh, Susan A, Creinin, Mitchell D, Barnhart, Kurt, Weiner, Debra H, Bell, April J, and Jamieson, Denise J

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the safety and acceptability of 2 vaginal microbicide gels (Acidform and BufferGel) used with a diaphragm compared to KY Jelly used with a diaphragm among low-risk, sexually abstinent women.Study Design: Eighty-one women enrolled in a randomized, masked, phase I safety study using a diaphragm with Acidform, BufferGel, or KY Jelly for 6 to 10 hours nightly for 14 nights. Physical examination, colposcopy, and lab studies were performed after 1 and 2 weeks of use. Diaries and questionnaires were used to assess user acceptability.Results: Sixty-nine participants (85%) completed the study. Safety and acceptability appeared similar among the 3 study groups and no serious adverse events related to the study products were reported. Adverse events were mild and anticipated.Conclusions: Acidform and BufferGel compared to KY Jelly, when used with diaphragm daily for 14 days, appeared to be safe and acceptable in a small study of low-risk abstinent women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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33. Rapid, presumptive identification of Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata and Candida krusei using Calcofluor white.

Author

Harrington BJ and Williams DL

Abstract

Background: Torulopsis glabrata and Candida krusei are both resistant to fluconazole; there-fore, rapid identification of these species may prevent unnecessary prescribing of this commonly-used antifungal agent.Methods: A total of 290 organisms were examined for their fluorescent appearance using epi-illumination with ultra-violet excitation and their fluorescence was compared.Results: Incorporating the fluorochrome calcofluor white at a concentration of 0.0025% in a peptone/glucose medium, and in sera for the germ tube test with Candida albicans, enhances the recognition of germ tubes. Several other species of yeast-like organisms were found to have characteristic fluorescent appearances in these and in aqueous solutions at this concentration.Conclusion: The use of these appearances as a rapid (in minutes) identification criteria for Torulopsis glabrata and Candida krusei is described. This may be of value as infections with these 2 species are often not treatable with fluconazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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38. The Good Beginnings clinic: an interdisciplinary collaboration.

Author

Benson JD, Williams DL, and Stern P

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present the development, implementation and outcomes of an interdisciplinary clinic that models 'best practices' in pediatric occupational therapy and speech language pathology. The collaborative process is presented through the use of a case example as well as information about the program's logistics, benefits, limitations and future goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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39. Glucan stimulates human dermal fibroblast collagen biosynthesis through a nuclear factor-1 dependent mechanism.

Author

Wei D, Zhang L, Williams DL, and Browder W

Abstract

Glucan, an immunomodulator, has been reported to increase collagen deposition and tensile strength in experimental models of wound repair. Previous data suggest that glucan modulates wound healing via an indirect mechanism in which macrophages are stimulated to release growth factors and cytokines. However, recent data have shown the presence of glucan receptors on normal human dermal fibroblasts, suggesting that glucans may be able to directly stimulate fibroblast collagen biosynthesis. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of glucan on collagen biosynthesis in normal human dermal fibroblasts. We assessed nuclear factor-1 (NF-1) activation, procollagen mRNA expression, collagen biosynthesis, and whether there was a causal link between glucan treatment, NF-1 activation, and collagen expression. Glucan (1 microg/ml) increased NF-1 binding activity by 46% (8 hours), 64% (24 hours), 215% (36 hours), and 119% (48 hours) in cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts. Alpha 1(I) and alpha1 (III) procollagen mRNA were increased in glucan-treated normal human dermal fibroblasts when compared with the untreated fibroblasts. Collagen synthesis was increased at 24 hours and 48 hours following glucan treatment of normal human dermal fibroblasts. Down-regulation of NF-1 by pentifylline inhibited glucan-induced procollagen mRNA expression. These data indicate that glucan can directly stimulate human fibroblast collagen biosynthesis through an NF-1-dependent mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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40. An uncommon finding: the intratesticular varicocele.

Author

Williams DL and Cunningham ME

Abstract

Varicoceles are a frequently identified pathology noted within the scrotum. Sonographically, they present as dilated vascular structures within the spermatic cord. Real-time pulsed-wave Doppler imaging reveals these structures as venous in nature. Male infertility is often related to varicoceles. Intratesticular varicoceles are uncommon, with dilated vascular structures located within the testis itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

42. Clinical Considerations in the Use of Time-Compressed Speech

Author

Grimes Am, Mueller Hg, and Williams Dl

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hearing loss, Use of time, Significant learning, Audiology, Speech and Hearing, Humans, Medicine, Hearing Loss, Hearing Loss, High-Frequency, Perceptual Distortion, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Test (assessment), Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Otorhinolaryngology, Speech Perception, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Speech audiometry, Female, Sensorineural hearing loss, medicine.symptom, Audiometry, Speech, business
Abstract

The four lists of the Auditec of St. Louis recording of the 60% time-compressed NU 6 test were presented at 32 dB SL to 28 normal subjects and 28 subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. Significant list effects were found, with only lists I and IV being equivalent for both groups. A significant learning effect, greater for the normal subjects, also was present. Clinical recommendations are made regarding list and practice effects and considerations for use of this test in the presence of peripheral hearing impairment.

Published
1984

43. Incorporation Efficiency of Small Oligo-5'-nucleotide Initiators in the Terminal Deoxyribonucleotide Transferase Reaction*

Author

Robert L. Ratliff, Williams Dl, F.N. Hayes, Schwartz Aw, and Mitchell Ve

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Carbon Isotopes, Adenine Nucleotides, Nucleotides, Chemistry, Cytosine Nucleotides, Nucleotidyltransferase, Nucleotidyltransferases, Biochemistry, Deoxyribonucleotide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cytosine nucleotide, Terminal (electronics), Isotopes of carbon, Adenine nucleotide, Transferase, Nucleotide
Published
1966

44. Contemporary carbon-14 in lemongrass oil

Author

Williams Dl, F.N. Hayes, E. Hansbury, and V. N. Kerr

Subjects
Atmosphere, Troposphere, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Meteorology, Lemongrass Oil, Liquid scintillation counting, Northern Hemisphere, Biosphere, Carbon-14, Atmospheric sciences, Southern Hemisphere
Abstract

Liquid scintillation counting ofp- cymene, derived from lemongrass oil, has provided information on the world-wide increase in C14 since 1954. By June 1959, the activity in the tropospheric atmosphere and in the rapidly equilibrating biosphere is measured to have increased by 26·8 per cent in the northern hemisphere and 19·7 per cent in the southern hemisphere. The shape of the relationship between activity and time is essentially linear, with two sections of quite different slope.

Published
1960

45. Heteropolydeoxynucleotides synthesized with terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase. II. Nearest neighbor frequencies and extent of digestion by micrococcal deoxyribonuclease

Author

Williams Dl, V. N. Kerr, Schwartz Aw, Robert L. Ratliff, D G Ott, and F.N. Hayes

Subjects
Deoxyribonucleases, Nucleotides, Stereochemistry, Chemistry, Polynucleotides, Phosphorus Isotopes, Deoxyribonuclease, Biochemistry, Micrococcus, k-nearest neighbors algorithm, Digestion (alchemy), Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, DNA Nucleotidyltransferases, Micrococcal Nuclease
Published
1968

46. Synthesis of polydeoxynucleotides using chemically modified subunits

Author

F.N. Hayes, V.E. Mitchell, V. N. Kerr, E. Hansbury, Williams Dl, David A. Smith, and Robert L. Ratliff

Subjects
DNA Replication, Uracil Nucleotides, DNA polymerase, Stereochemistry, Polynucleotides, Thymus Gland, Cytosine Nucleotides, Tritium, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cytosine nucleotide, Adenine nucleotide, Animals, DNA Nucleotidyltransferases, biology, Adenine Nucleotides, Chemistry, DNA replication, Phosphorus Isotopes, Deoxyuridine, Biochemistry, Spectrophotometry, Polynucleotide, Chromatography, Gel, biology.protein, Cattle, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Uracil nucleotide
Abstract

New approaches have been explored for enzymatic preparation of polydeoxynucleotides involving a variety of chemically synthesized 5′-triphosphates. Calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase utilized N4-acetyldeoxycytidine 5′-triphosphate, N6-isobutyryldeoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate and deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate to form polymers. Triphosphates found to be unreactive were arabinosylcytosine 5′-triphosphate and pp(dT)5; 3′-O-acetyldeoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate failed to give the desired single terminal addition. When pp(dT)5 was used to initiate polymerization of deoxythymidine 5′-triphosphate, reaction occurred with retention of the 5′-terminal triphosphate group. This group was shown to be further retained during a successful replication reaction employing calf thymus DNA polymerase.

Published
1970

47. Radiocarbon in plant products: Geography, Species, and time

Author

Williams Dl, E. Hansbury, F.N. Hayes, and V. N. Kerr

Subjects
Atmosphere, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, law, fungi, food and beverages, Physical geography, Radiocarbon dating, Plant product, law.invention
Abstract

Carbon14 measurements, on a global scale, have been made on a large number of essential oils obtained from various plants. The measurements allow conclusions to be drawn on the mixing of some compartments of the atmosphere and, in addition, metabolic differences between various species of plants are demonstrated. The course of C14 fallout, as recorded by the various plants, is charted.

Published
1962

48. Hypodiploidy is associated with a poor prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Author

Pui, CH, Williams, DL, Raimondi, SC, Rivera, GK, Look, AT, Dodge, RK, George, SL, Behm, FG, Crist, WM, and Murphy, SB

Abstract

Leukemic cells from 31 (7.6%) of 409 children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had a hypodiploid karyotype. The patients' ages ranged from 0.8 to 17 years (median, 5 years) and their initial leukocyte counts from 1.0 to 132 X 10(9)/L (median, 12.7 X 10(9)/L). Modal chromosome numbers for the leukemic stem lines were 45 in 26 cases, 28 in two cases, and 26, 36 and 43 in one case each. Seven cases had one to three additional abnormal lines due to clonal evolution. Chromosome 20 was lost most frequently (nine cases). Structural abnormalities--including chromosomal translocations (21 cases), deletions (ten cases), duplications (two cases), or inversions (one case)--were common findings; the nonrandom translocations consisted of the t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) in two pre-B cases and tdic(9;12)(p1?1;p1?2) in three cases of common ALL. When compared with hyperdiploid cases (greater than 50 chromosomes), ALL with hypodiploidy was found to have a poorer outcome and was more likely to be associated with chromosomal translocations, higher serum lactic dehydrogenase levels, and age less than 2 or greater than or equal to 10 years. Moreover, patients with hypodiploid ALL fared as poorly as those with pseudodiploid karyotypes, even though their leukocyte counts and serum lactic dehydrogenase levels were lower and they had a comparable frequency of leukemic cell translocations. Hypodiploidy is therefore an unfavorable karyotypic feature in childhood ALL.

Published
1987
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49. Nonrandom abnormalities of chromosome 9p in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: association with high-risk clinical features

Author

Murphy, SB, Raimondi, SC, Rivera, GK, Crone, M, Dodge, RK, Behm, FG, Pui, CH, and Williams, DL

Abstract

To assess the frequency and significance of nonrandom abnormalities of chromosome 9p in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we analyzed our experience with 398 consecutive cases with completely banded karyotypes. Forty cases (10%) with abnormalities of 9p were identified: 26 with deletions, nine with unbalanced translocations resulting in the loss of 9p material, and five with apparently balanced reciprocal translocations. As compared with children with ALL lacking 9p abnormalities, these 40 cases were significantly older, had higher initial circulating WBC counts, more “lymphomatous” disease characteristics (including presence of a mediastinal mass in 15%. T- cell phenotype in 26%, splenomegaly greater than 8 cm in 25%), an increased failure rate in the first 2 to 3 years after diagnosis, and a higher incidence of extramedullary relapse. Conversely, lymphomatous ALL cases were twice as likely (19% v 8%) to have an abnormality of chromosome 9p than ALL cases lacking lymphomatous features (P = .01). The finding of an abnormal chromosome 9p, however, was not specific for lymphomatous ALL or T-cell lineage, because most cases were neither lymphomatous nor T-cell, and the overall Kaplan-Meier distribution of treatment failures for abnormal 9p cases was not statistically significantly different from control ALL cases receiving the same treatment who lacked abnormalities of 9p (P = .06, by log-rank test). We conclude that nonrandom abnormalities of chromosome 9p, especially a breakpoint in 9p21–22, occur with increased frequency in childhood ALL in association with some high-risk clinical features. Despite this association, the chromosome anomaly is nonspecific in its syndrome delineation and confers no major adverse consequence on long-term survival of childhood ALL treated with modern therapy. However, due to an apparently increased hazard of involvement of the CNS (eight of 17 failures), it may be inadvisable to lessen the intensity of CNS preventive therapy for this group of patients.

Published
1989
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50. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chromosomal breakpoints at 11q23

Author

Raimondi, SC, Peiper, SC, Kitchingman, GR, Behm, FG, Williams, DL, Hancock, ML, and Mirro, J Jr

Abstract

Twenty-one (5.7%) of 368 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), studied fully for karyotype and immunophenotype, had breakpoints in the q23 region of chromosome 11. This abnormality resulted from reciprocal translocation in 17 cases [with chromosomes 4 (n = 5), 10 (n = 2), and variable chromosomes (n = 10)], from deletions in three cases, and from a duplication in one case. The 17 children with 11q23 translocations had higher leukocyte counts (P less than .01) and were more likely to be black (P less than .01) and younger (P = .08) as compared with each of the following non-11q23 translocation groups: t(1;19), t(9;22), random translocations, and cases without translocations. Event-free survival at 3 years for the 11q23 translocation group did not differ significantly from that of the t(1;19), t(9;22), or random translocation groups. Leukemic cells from ten of the 21 patients with an 11q23 structural chromosomal abnormality had an immunophenotype indicative of B-lineage ALL (HLA-DR+, CD19+, CD2-, CD3-); this was confirmed by the presence of rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes in seven cases. In eight of these ten B-lineage cases, the blasts were negative for expression of the CD10 antigen, indicating a primitive stage of B-cell development. Four cases were classified as T- cell ALL, and seven others were characterized by blasts that failed to react with our panel of lineage-associated monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Myeloid antigens were expressed by leukemic cells in three of the cases that were tested. The initial clinical features associated with translocations involving the 11q23 chromosomal region may define a distinct subtype of ALL. Whether the constellation of findings relates to a breakpoint at 11q23 per se or to the specific translocation will require further study.

Published
1989
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