74 results on '"Willner, W."'
Search Results
2. INTERNATIONAL CODE OF PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. 4th ED|Международный кодекс фитосоциологической ноМенклатуры. 4-е издание
- Author
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Theurillat, J. -P., Willner, W., Fernandez-Gonzalez, F., Bultmann, H., Carni, A., Gigante, D., Mucina, L., and Weber, H.
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phytosociological nomenclature ,name ,ICPN ,phytosociology ,effective publication ,syntaxonomy ,Сode ,nomenclatural type ,vegetation classification - Published
- 2022
3. Post-glacial migration lag restricts range filling of plants in the European Alps
- Author
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Dullinger, S., Willner, W., Plutzar, C., Englisch, T., Schratt-Ehrendorfer, L., Moser, D., Ertl, S., Essl, F., and Niklfeld, H.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 4th ed.
- Author
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Theurillat, J.-P., primary, Willner, W., additional, Fernández-González, F., additional, Bültmann, H., additional, Čarni, A., additional, Gigante, D., additional, Mucina, L., additional, and Weber, H., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Imprints of glacial history and current environment on correlations between endemic plant and invertebrate species richness
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Essl, F., Dullinger, S., Plutzar, C., Willner, W., and Rabitsch, W.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. EZRA STILES AND THE JEWS
- Author
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Willner, W.
- Published
- 1900
7. The Braun-Blanquet project: evaluating and characterizing European vegetation alliances
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Jiménez Alfaro, B, Chytrý, M, Hennekens, S, Knollová, I, Schaminée, J, Agrillo E, Alessi, N, Greve Alsos, I, Apostolova, I, Attorre, F, Austrheim, G, Bergmeier, E, Biurrun, I, Brisse, H, Brunet, J, Carlón, L, Čarni, A, Csiky, J, Danihelka, J, De Bie, E, de Cáceres, M, Dengler, J, Didukh, Y, Dimopoulos, P, Ejrnaes, R, Fernández González, F, Fitzpatrick, Ú, Font, X, Golub, V, Grytnes, JA, Indreica, A, Jandt, U, Jansen, F, Kącki, Z, Krstonošić, D, Landucci, F, Lenoir, J, Luoto, M, Lysenko, T, Martynenko, V, Michalcová, D, Novakovskiy, A, Onyshchenko, V, Rodríguez Rojo, MP, Rodwell, J, Šibík, J, Šilc, U, Škvorc, Ž, Sorokin A, Stančić, Z, Suárez Seoane, S, Tichý, L, Vandvik, V, Venanzoni, R, Virtanen, R, Willner, W, Yamalov, S, Zobel, M., GUARINO, Riccardo, Jiménez-Alfaro, B, Chytrý, M, Hennekens, S, Knollová, I, Schaminée, J, Agrillo E, Alessi, N, Greve Alsos, I, Apostolova, I, Attorre, F, Austrheim, G, Bergmeier, E, Biurrun, I, Brisse, H, Brunet, J, Carlón, L, Čarni, A, Csiky, J, Danihelka, J, De Bie, E, de Cáceres, M, Dengler, J, Didukh, Y, Dimopoulos, P, Ejrnaes, R, Fernández González, F, Fitzpatrick, Ú, Font, X, Golub, V, Grytnes, JA, Guarino, R, Indreica, A, Jandt, U, Jansen, F, Kącki, Z, Krstonošić, D, Landucci, F, Lenoir, J, Luoto, M, Lysenko, T, Martynenko, V, Michalcová, D, Novakovskiy, A, Onyshchenko, V, Rodríguez Rojo, MP, Rodwell, J, Šibík, J, Šilc, U, Škvorc, Ž, Sorokin A, Stančić, Z, Suárez-Seoane, S, Tichý, L, Vandvik, V, Venanzoni, R, Virtanen, R, Willner, W, Yamalov, S, and Zobel, M
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Phytosociology, Europe, Alliances, Vegetation, biodiversity assessment, natural habitats ,Settore BIO/03 - Botanica Ambientale E Applicata - Abstract
European tradition on vegetation classification provides an extraordinary legacy for understanding biodiversity. However, this classification lacks explicit data on vegetation attributes, especially if we extend national or regional concepts to a continental perspective. An additional effort for evaluating and characterizing European vegetation types is therefore needed, and the data contained in vegeta tion databases are probably the main tool for these purposes. The BraunBlanquet project is an initiative of the European Vegetation Survey for characterizing veg etation alliances across Europe. By analyzing more than 500,000 vegetation plots from 22 European countries, we developed a framework consisting of: (1) evaluat ing the consistency and robustness of alliances using the information provided by vegetation plot databases, (2) calibrating assignment rules for classifying, at least partially, the plots not assigned to alliances and (3) characterizing vegeta tion types by providing lists of diagnostic species and major distributional pat terns. The BraunBlanquet project represents the first attempt for extrapolating European vegetation information into a comprehensive definition of vegetation types. Furthermore, the outputs of the project are expected to improve biodiversity assessment and the conservation management of natural habitats. As a study case, we illustrate how our framework can be used to characterize different forest types across Europe.
- Published
- 2014
8. European Vegetation Archive: now EVA really starts!
- Author
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Chytrý, M, Hennekens, S, Jiménez Alfaro, J, Dengler, J, Agrillo, E, Angelini, P, Apostolova, I, Becker, T, Berg, C, Bergmeier, E, Botta Dukàt, Z, Carlón, L, Casella, L, Csiky, J, Danihelka, J, Dimopoulos, P, Ewald, J, Fernàndez Gonzàles, F, Fitz, PU, Font, X, Garcia Mijangos, I, Golub, V, Indreica, A, Jandt, U, Jansen, F, Kącki, Z, Kleikamp, M, Knollová, I, Krstonosic, D, Kuzemko, A, Landucci, F, Lenoir, J, Lysenko, T, Marcenò, C, Michalcová, D, Rodwell, J, Rusina, S, Seidler, G, Schaminée, J, Šibík, J, Šilc, U, Sopotlieva, D, Sorokin, A, Spada, F, Stancic, Z, Swacha, G, Skvorc, Z, Tsiripidis, I, Turtureanu, PD, Valachovič, M, Vassilev, K, Venanzoni, R, Weekes, L, Willner, W, Wohlgemuth, T, NVDC, GUARINO, Riccardo, Chytrý, M, Hennekens, S, Jiménez-Alfaro, J, Dengler, J, Agrillo, E, Angelini, P, Apostolova, I, Becker, T, Berg, C, Bergmeier, E, Botta-Dukàt, Z, Carlón, L, Casella, L, Csiky, J, Danihelka, J, Dimopoulos, P, Ewald, J, Fernàndez-Gonzàles, F, Fitz, PU, Font, X, Garcia-Mijangos, I, Golub, V, Guarino, R, Indreica, A, Jandt, U, Jansen, F, Kącki, Z, Kleikamp, M, Knollová, I, Krstonosic, D, Kuzemko, A, Landucci, F, Lenoir, J, Lysenko, T, Marcenò, C, Michalcová, D, Rodwell, J, Rusina, S, Seidler, G, Schaminée, J, Šibík, J, Šilc, U, Sopotlieva, D, Sorokin, A, Spada, F, Stancic, Z, Swacha, G, Skvorc, Z, Tsiripidis, I, Turtureanu, PD, Valachovič, M, Vassilev, K, Venanzoni, R, Weekes, L, Willner, W, Wohlgemuth, T, and NVDC
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vegetation, phytosociology, data-base, Europe ,Settore BIO/03 - Botanica Ambientale E Applicata - Abstract
European Vegetation Archive (EVA) was announced as a new initiative of the European Vegetation Survey at the EVS Meeting in Vienna in 2012. The aim of EVA is to create a centralized database of European vegetation plots by storing copies of national and regional databases on a single software platform using a unified taxonomic reference database. EVA does not affect the ongoing independent developments of source data bases and it guarantees that data property rights of the original contributors are re spected. EVA Data Property and Governance Rules were approved and the EVA website (www.euroveg.org/evadatabase) was established in 2012. Since then several European vegetationplot databases joined EVA. In the framework of the parallel BraunBlanquet project, we obtained experience with handling multiple databases based on different taxonomies, and a prototype of Turboveg 3 was developed as a software tool for joint management of multiple databases. This prototype has recently been accepted as the platform for technical management of EVA according to the approved Rules. A spe cific challenge for EVA is joining multiple species lists with different taxonomies used in national and regional databases. To solve this issue, EVA took over the SynBioSys Taxon Database, developed earlier for the SynBioSys Europe project, which is a system of taxon names and concepts used in the individual databases and their matches to a unified list of European flora. This taxon database is currently being extended to ac count for new vegetationplot databases and revised by taxonomic experts working in a newly established EVA Taxonomic Advisory Board. These technical developments made it possible that after two years since its formal establishment, first data sets could be uploaded to EVA, forming a basis for largescale analyses of European vegeta tion diversity for both scientific purposes and applications.
- Published
- 2014
9. European Red List of Habitats Part 2. Terrestrial and freshwater habitats
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Janssen, J. A. M., Rodwell, J. S., García Criado, M., Gubbay, S., Haynes, T., Nieto, A., Sanders, N., Landucci, F., Loidi, J., Ssymank, A., Tahvanainen, T., Valderrabano, M., Acosta, A., Aronsson, M., Arts, G., Attorre, F., Bergmeier, E., Bijlsma, R. -. J., Bioret, F., Biţă-nicolae, C., Biurrun, I., Calix, M., Capelo, J., Čarni, A., Chytrý, M., Dengler, J., Dimopoulos, P., Essl, F., Gardfjell, H., Gigante, D., Giusso Del Galdo, G., Hájek, M., Jansen, F., Jansen, J., Kapfer, J., Mickolajczak, A., Molina, J. A., Molnár, Z., Paternoster, D., Piernik, A., Poulin, B., Renaux, B., Schaminée, J. H. J., Šumberová, K., Toivonen, H., Tonteri, T., Tsiripidis, I., Tzonev, R., Valachovič, M., Aarrestad, P. A., Agrillo, E., Alegro, E., Alonso, I., Angus, S., Argagnon, O., Armiraglio, S., Assini, S., Aunina, L., Averis, A. B. G., Averis, A. M., Bagella, S., Barina, Z., Barron, S., Bell, S., Bendiksen, E., Bölöni, J., Brandrud, T. E., Brophy, J., Buffa, G., Campos, J. A., Casella, L., Christodoulou, C., Church, A., Corbett, P., Couvreur, J. -. M., Creer, J., Crowle, A., Dahlgren, J., De Keersmaeker, L., Delarze, R., Delescaille, L. -. M., Denys, L., De Saeger, S., Devany, F., De Vries, D., Diack, I., Dimitrov, M., Eide, W., Espirito Santo, D., Fagaras, M., Fievet, V., Finck, P., Fitzpatrick, U., Fotiadis, G., Framstad, E., Frankard, P., Giancola, C., Gussev, C. H., Hall, R., Hamill, B., Haveman, R., Heinze, S., Hennekens, S., Hobohm, C., Ivanov, P., Jacobson, A., Janauer, G., Janišová, M., Jefferson, R. G., Jones, P., Juvan, N., Kącki, Z., Kallimanis, A., Kazoglou, Y., Keith, D., Keulen, K., Király, G., Kirby, K., Kočí, M., Kontula, T., Leibak, E., Leyssen, A., Lotman, S., Lyngstad, A., Mäemets, H., Mainstone, C., Mäkelä, K., Marceno, C., Martin, J. R., Matevski, V., Mesterházy, A., Milanović, Đ., Millaku, F., Miller, R., Millet, J., Mjelde, M., Moen, A., Nygaard, B., Øien, D. -. I., O’Neill, F., Paal, J., Packet, J., Paelinckx, D., Panaïotis, C., Panitsa, M., Perrin, P., Pezzi, G., Prisco, I., Prosser, M., Provoost, S., Rašomavičius, V., Raths, U., Rees, S., Riecken, U., Roosaluste, E., Rove, I., Reymann, J., Rodriguez, J. P., Rothero, E., Rusakova, V., Rusina, S., Scanlan, C., Schuiling, R., Sciandrello, S., Sell, I., Šibík, J., Simkin, J., Škvorc, Ž., Spray, D., Stešević, D., Strand, G. H., Stupar, V., Thomaes, A., Trajanovska, S., Van Braekel, A., Van Landuyt, W., Vanderkerkhove, K., Vandevoorde, B., Van Uytvanck, J., Varga, A., Velkovski, N., Venanzoni, R., Verté, P., Viciani, D., Vrahnakis, M., Von Wachenfeldt, E., Wallace, H., Watt, S., Weeda, E., Wibail, L., Willner, W., P. W. I. L. S. O., N., and Xystrakis, . F.
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Habitat, Conservation, IUCN, red list, European Directive - Published
- 2016
10. The Braun-Blanquet project: evaluating and characterizing European vegetation alliances
- Author
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Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Chytrý, M., Hennekens, S., Knollová, I., Schaminée, J., Agrillo, E., Alessi, N., Greve Alsos, I., Apostolova, I., Attorre, F., Austrheim, G., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Brisse, H., Brunet, J., Carlón, L., Čarni, A., Csiky, J., Danihelka, J., De Bie, E., de Cáceres, M., Dengler, J., Didukh, Y., Dimopoulos, P., Ejrnaes, R., Fernández González, F., Fitzpatrick, Ú., Font, X., Golub, V., Grytnes, J.‑A., Guarino, R., Indreica, A., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Kącki, Z., Krstonošić, D., Landucci, F., Lenoir, J., Luoto, M., Lysenko, T., Martynenko, V., Michalcová, D., Novakovskiy, A., Onyshchenko, V., Rodríguez Rojo, M. P., Rodwell, J., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Škvorc, Ž., Sorokin, A., Stančić, Zvjezdana, Suárez-Seoane, S., Tichý, L., Vandvik, V., Venanzoni, R., Virtanen, R., Willner, W., Yamalov, S., Zobel, M., Čarni, Andraž, Juvan, Nina, and Ribeiro, Daniela
- Subjects
vegetation ,Europe - Abstract
European tradition on vegetation classification provides an extraordinary legacy for understanding biodiversity. However, this classification lacks explicit data on vegetation attributes, especially if we extend national or regional concepts to a continental perspective. An additional effort for evaluating and characterizing European vegetation types is therefore needed, and the data contained in vegetation databases are probably the main tool for these purposes. The Braun-Blanquet project is an initiative of the European Vegetation Survey for characterizing vegetation alliances across Europe. By analyzing more than 500, 000 vegetation plots from 22 European countries, we developed a framework consisting of: (1) evaluating the consistency and robustness of alliances using the information provided by vegetation plot databases, (2) calibrating assignment rules for classifying, at least partially, the plots not assigned to alliances and (3) characterizing vegetation types by providing lists of diagnostic species and major distributional patterns. The Braun-Blanquet project represents the first attempt for extrapolating European vegetation information into a comprehensive definition of vegetation types. Furthermore, the outputs of the project are expected to improve biodiversity assessment and the conservation management of natural habitats. As a study case, we illustrate how our framework can be used to characterize different forest types across Europe.
- Published
- 2014
11. Spatial variation of the matching between regional and local classifications: an example of Central European grasslands
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Lengyel, A., Bauer, N., Chytrý, M., Illyés, E., Jandt, U., Janisová, M., Kącki, Z., Krstonošić, D., Purger, D., Šilc, U., Skodová, I., Stančić, Zvjezdana, Willner, W., Botta-Dukát, Z., Čarni, Andraž, Juvan, Nina, and Ribeiro, Daniela
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vegetation classification - Abstract
The expectations towards broad-scale classifications of phytosociological data are often twofold: they are believed to reveal the most important broad-scale patterns of the vegetation and, at the same time, to test the validity of previously known patterns which were detected during local studies. We studied the relationship between regional and local patterns obtained from such classifications. We compiled a data set of 8033 relevés representing Arrhenatheretalia elatioris and Brometalia erecti grasslands of eight countries in Central Europe (Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia). This data set was classified by beta-flexible agglomerative method, which served as a ’regional classification’ in the analysis. From this data set, local subsamples containing 50 plots were drawn randomly with a spatial constraint in order to represent variation on smaller areas. Each local subsample was classified by the same method as was the regional data set. The partition divergence measure was calculated between pairs of relevés based on the dendrogram of the regional and of the local classification. The correlation between partition divergence values of the relevés was applied to quantify the degree of matching between the regional and local classifications. We analysed the spatial distribution of the correlation values and tried to explain differences between areas of strong and weak matching between regional and local classifications. For a more detailed testing we ran analyses with reduced regional coverages as well (combining only one or two countries). Correlation values of areas in the western part of the Western Carpathians were the lowest, while high correlations were found at the periphery of the study area. Analyses with reduced extents showed that the position of the areas with the highest and the lowest matching may change if the regional coverage is altered. We found that both the geometry and special features of the study area can affect the matching between regional and local classifications. The centres of study areas tend to show weaker matching than peripherial parts because of the similarity patterns within broad-scale floristic gradients. Local classifications of floristically unique areas and areas with low beta diversity matched well with the regional clustering.
- Published
- 2014
12. Rocky grassland vegetation (Stipo-Festucetalia) of the Pannonian Basin and the Carpathian Mts – biogeographical patterns revealed by semi-supervised classification
- Author
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Janišová, M., Bauer, N., Botta-Dukát, Z., Čarni, A., Chytrý, M., Coldea, G., Csiky, J., Dúbravková, D., Fenesi, A., Igic, R., Kącki, Z., Kish, R., Korzeniak, J., Krstivojevic, M., Krstonošić, D., Bita-Nicolae, C., Rédei, T., Ruprecht, E., Stančić, Zvjezdana, Škodová, I., Tichý, L., Willner, W., Čarni, Andraž, Juvan, Nina, and Ribeiro, Daniela
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rocky grassland vegetation - Abstract
Diversity of rocky grassland vegetation of Stipo pulcherrimae-Festucetalia pallentis was studied in the Pannonian Basin and the Carpathian Mts with the main aim to unify the syntaxonomical classification across ten countries. A joint database was established containing all grassland communities within the study area including 40 077 relevés: AT (4235), CZ (6798), HR (1138), HU (4626), PL (3343), RO (2008), RS (820), SI (1290), SK (15 501), UA (318). This large initial data set served as a source of relevés from which the target relevés were selected. Heterogeneityconstrained resampling with the number of selected relevés driven by beta-diversity was applied on the data selection. First, typical relevés of known associations of the Stipo-Festucetalia order were selected by the experts from each involved country and overlaps in the national classifications were indicated and discussed. Then, cores of new associations were searched by the K-means semi-supervised classification method. Distribution of the revised syntaxa showed a clear geographical pattern suggesting existence of geographically and ecologically well-differentiated communities with a specific floristic composition. Based on the obtained results, a new classification scheme was proposed for the Stipo-Festucetalia order in the studied region. Financial support was provided by VEGA 2/0099/13.
- Published
- 2014
13. European Vegetation Archive: now EVA really starts!
- Author
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Chytrý, M., Hennekens, S., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Dengler, J., Agrillo, E., Angelini, P., Apostolova, I., Becker, T., Berg, C., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Botta-Dukát, Z., Carlón, L., Casella, L., Csiky, J., Danihelka, J., Dimopoulos, P., Ewald, J., Fernández-Gonzáles, F., Fitz Patrick, Ú., Font, X., García-Mijangos, I., Golub, V., Guarino, R., Indreica, A., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Kącki, Z., Kleikamp, M., Knollová, I., Krstonošić, D., Kuzemko, A., Landucci, F., Lenoir, J., Lysenko, T., Marcenò, C., Michalcová, D., Rodwell, J., Rūsiņa, S., Seidler, G., Schaminée, J., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Sopotlieva, D., Sorokin, A., Spada, F., Stančić, Zvjezdana, Swacha, G., Škvorc, Ž., Tsiripidis, I., Turtureanu, P. D., Valachovič, M., Vassilev, K., Venanzoni, R., Weekes, L., Willner, W., Wohlgemuth, T., Nordic Vegetation Database Consortium, Čarni, Andraž, Juvan, Nina, and Ribeiro, Daniela
- Subjects
vegetation database - Abstract
European Vegetation Archive (EVA) was announced as a new initiative of the European Vegetation Survey at the EVS Meeting in Vienna in 2012. The aim of EVA is to create a centralized database of European vegetation plots by storing copies of national and regional databases on a single software platform using a unified taxonomic reference database. EVA does not affect the ongoing independent developments of source databases and it guarantees that data property rights of the original contributors are respected. EVA Data Property and Governance Rules were approved and the EVA website (www.euroveg.org/eva-database) was established in 2012. Since then several European vegetation-plot databases joined EVA. In the framework of the parallel Braun-Blanquet project, we obtained experience with handling multiple databases based on different taxonomies, and a prototype of Turboveg 3 was developed as a software tool for joint management of multiple databases. This prototype has recently been accepted as the platform for technical management of EVA according to the approved Rules. A specific challenge for EVA is joining multiple species lists with different taxonomies used in national and regional databases. To solve this issue, EVA took over the SynBioSys Taxon Database, developed earlier for the SynBioSys Europe project, which is a system of taxon names and concepts used in the individual databases and their matches to a unified list of European flora. This taxon database is currently being extended to account for new vegetation-plot databases and revised by taxonomic experts working in a newly established EVA Taxonomic Advisory Board. These technical developments made it possible that after two years since its formal establishment, first data sets could be uploaded to EVA, forming a basis for large-scale analyses of European vegetation diversity for both scientific purposes and applications.
- Published
- 2014
14. EuroVegChecklist: a post mortem
- Author
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Mucina, L., Bültmann, H., Dierßen, K., Theurillat, J. P., Raus, T., Čarni, A., Šumberová, K., Willner, W., Dengler, J., Gavilán García, R., Chytrý, M., Hájek, M., DI PIETRO, Romeo, Iakushenko, D., Pallas, J., Daniëls, F. J. A., Bergmeier, E., Santos Guerra, A., Ermakov, N., Valachovič, M., Schaminée, J. H. J., Lysenko, T., Didukh, Y. P., Pignatti, S., Rodwell, J. S., Capelo, J., Weber, H. E., Solomeshch, A., Dimopoulos, P., Aguiar, C., Freitag, H., Hennekens, S. M., and Tichý, L.
- Subjects
Vegetation ,Biogeography ,Flora ,Biodiversity - Published
- 2014
15. Grasslands of Europe: an overview of available data in EVA and First approaches to analyse their diversity patterns at continental scale
- Author
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Dengler, J., Chytrý, M., Hennekens, S., Jimenéz-Alfaro, B., Apostolova, I., Janišová, M., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Knollová, I., Kreyling, J., Kuzemko, A., Landucci, F., Rusina, S., Schaminée, J., Vassilev, K., Willner, W., ..., Stančić, Zvjezdana, ..., EVA Consortium, SIGNAL Consortium, Čarni, Andraž, Juvan, Nina, and Ribeiro, Daniela
- Subjects
grasslands ,Europe - Abstract
After two preparatory years, the European Vegetation Archive (EVA ; http://euroveg. org/eva-database) actually started to become functional in 2014 (see talk by Chytrý et al.). This community-owned continental vegetation-plot database is the largest database of that type in the world and aims to be comprehensive with regard to countries and vegetation types. It is coordinated by the European Vegetation Survey (EVS ; http://euroveg.org/) with responsibilities for the grassland vegetation by the BiodivERsA project SIGNAL (http://www.bayceer.uni-bayreuth.de/signal/) and the European Dry Grassland Group (EDGG ; http://www.edgg.org). In this talk, I will present an overview of the plot data of grassland syntaxa available in EVA at the point of time of the conference, with an outlook on additional data that are currently being processed, and highlight data gaps for certain grassland types or regions. We understand grasslands in a wide sense, including the following major groups: (1) Temperate grasslands (Koelerio-Corynephoretea, Festuco-Brometea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Nardetea strictae) ; (2) Mediterranean grasslands (Poetea bulbosae, Lygeo-Stipetea, Stipo-Agrostietea, Stipo-Trachynietea, Helianthemetea guttati, Tolpido-Holcetea, Helichryso-Crucianelletea, Astragalo-Brometea) ; (3) Arctic-alpine grasslands (Carici-Kobresietea, Elyno-Seslerietea, Juncetea trifidi) ; (4) Oro-Mediterranean grasslands (Festucetea indigestae, Festuco-Ononidetea, Carici-Genistetea, Rumici-Astragaletea, Daphno-Festucetea, Diantho-Teucrietea) ; (5) Saline grasslands (Festuco-Puccinellietea, Juncetea maritimae, Saginetea maritimae) ; (6) Related heathlands (Calluno-Ulicetea, Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea) ; and (7) Related tall-forb and forest-edge communities (Trifolio-Geranietea, Mulgedio-Aconitetea). Further, I will introduce the great and novel potential that our Continental grassland plot database holds both for fundamental and applied research. The topics that can be addressed in an unprecedented manner include (i) fine-grain species-richness patterns and their underlying drivers across large spatial extents ; (ii) functional diversity and species assembly rules ; (iii) extrapolation of results from coordinated global change experiments to a continental scale ; (iv) consistent re-classification of major grassland types across Europe ; (v) standardized parameterization of vegetation types ; (vi) contributions to conservation assessments such as EU red listing of habitat types. With some first analyses of diversity patterns in grasslands across Europe I will illustrate this potential.
- Published
- 2014
16. Viscometric flows of polymeric melts treated according to the rational theory of Eckart's continuum. I. General theory
- Author
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Stickforth, J. and Willner, W.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Phytogeographical evidence for refuge areas and postglacial spread of European beech forests
- Author
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Willner, W., DI PIETRO, Romeo, and Bergmeier, E.
- Published
- 2008
18. User Centred Gathering of Requirements for Mobile Assistance Services for People with Mild to Moderate Dementia
- Author
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Kistler, R., primary, Andrushevich, A., additional, Schneider, C., additional, Willner, W., additional, Meyer, T., additional, and Spiru, L., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Post-glacial migration lag restricts range filling of plants in the European Alps
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Dullinger, S., primary, Willner, W., additional, Plutzar, C., additional, Englisch, T., additional, Schratt-Ehrendorfer, L., additional, Moser, D., additional, Ertl, S., additional, Essl, F., additional, and Niklfeld, H., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Imprints of glacial history and current environment on correlations between endemic plant and invertebrate species richness
- Author
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Essl, F., primary, Dullinger, S., additional, Plutzar, C., additional, Willner, W., additional, and Rabitsch, W., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Correspondence.
- Author
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Alvord, Theodore, Albert, C. J., Willner, W., Ford, Paul Leicester, and Battle, Kemp P.
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,NOMINATIONS for public office ,INTERNATIONAL liquidity ,PRESIDENTIAL candidates ,GOLD standard ,FINANCIAL institutions - Abstract
Presents several letters to the editor. Nominations for the Presidential ticket; Views of William E. Russell upon tariff reform; Importance of gold standards in national credit.
- Published
- 1896
22. Modern Ideas in Hebrew
- Author
-
Willner, W.
- Published
- 1885
23. Correspondence.
- Author
-
Strong, E. A., Willner, W., and A. M.
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,AMERICAN authors ,BRITISH authors ,PERSONAL names ,BOOK piracy - Abstract
Presents several letters to the editor about various articles published in the periodical "The Nation." Protection of rights of English and American authors; Transformation of surnames; Article of Robert R. Livingston entitled "Answer to Mr. Jefferson," on the subject of "The New Orleans Batture."
- Published
- 1887
24. Dry grasslands in the Western Carpathians and the northern Pannonian Basin: A numerical classification
- Author
-
Dúbravková, D., Chytrý, M., Willner, W., Illyés, E., Monika Janišová, and Szerényi, J. K.
25. Diversity of beech forest vegetation in the Eastern Alps, Bohemian Massif and the Western Carpathians
- Author
-
Mariana Ujházyová, Ujházy, K., Chytrý, M., Willner, W., Ĉiliak, M., Máliš, F., and Slezák, M.
26. Succession, restoration, and management of dry grasslands-Special Feature with contributions from the 7th European Dry Grassland Meeting 2010 in Smolenice
- Author
-
Monika Janišová, Wellstein, C., Willner, W., and Dengler, J.
27. Succession, restoration, and management of dry grasslands-Special Feature with contributions from the 7th European Dry Grassland Meeting 2010 in Smolenice
- Author
-
Janišová, M., Camilla Wellstein, Willner, W., and Dengler, J.
28. The Calendar
- Author
-
Willner, W. and Willner, W.
- Abstract
Title from caption., No v. 3 issued; none published Oct. 1898; vol. 7, no. 5 erroneously called v. 8, no. 5., Copy lacks v. 5, no. 3., The American Jewess : Vol 9 : Issue 1, Page(s) 25-26, (dlps) volume: TAJ1895.0009.001, (dlps) article: taj1895.0009.001:16, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html
29. The Calendar
- Author
-
Willner, W. and Willner, W.
- Abstract
Title from caption., No v. 3 issued; none published Oct. 1898; vol. 7, no. 5 erroneously called v. 8, no. 5., Copy lacks v. 5, no. 3., The American Jewess : Vol 7 : Issue 4, Page(s) 12-13, (dlps) volume: TAJ1895.0007.004, (dlps) article: taj1895.0007.004:7, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html
30. The Calendar
- Author
-
Willner, W. and Willner, W.
- Abstract
Title from caption., No v. 3 issued; none published Oct. 1898; vol. 7, no. 5 erroneously called v. 8, no. 5., Copy lacks v. 5, no. 3., The American Jewess : Vol 7 : Issue 4, Page(s) 12-13, (dlps) volume: TAJ1895.0007.004, (dlps) article: taj1895.0007.004:7, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html
31. sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open‐access, global dataset of vegetation plots
- Author
-
Ben Sparrow, V. B. Martynenko, Jonathan Lenoir, Eszter Ruprecht, Idoia Biurrun, Luzmila Arroyo, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Aníbal Pauchard, Roberto Venanzoni, Stephan M. Hennekens, Mohamed Z. Hatim, Cyrus Samimi, Arkadiusz Nowak, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Petr Sklenář, Renata Ćušterevska, Valentin Golub, Eduardo Vélez-Martin, Gwendolyn Peyre, Inger Greve Alsos, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Tarek Hattab, Andrey Yu. Korolyuk, Jutta Kapfer, Jörg Ewald, Donald M. Waller, Ute Jandt, Tetiana Dziuba, Marco Schmidt, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Adrian Indreica, Zygmunt Kącki, Jürgen Dengler, Željko Škvorc, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Panayotis Dimopoulos, Viktor Onyshchenko, Hanhuai Shan, John Janssen, Hua Feng Wang, Holger Kreft, Jérôme Munzinger, Brian J. Enquist, Frederic Lens, Wannes Hubau, Birgit Jedrzejek, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Miguel D. Mahecha, Emmanuel Garbolino, Sophie Gachet, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Josep Peñuelas, Melisa A. Giorgis, Svetlana Aćić, Débora Vanessa Lingner, Victor V. Chepinoga, Richard Field, Ladislav Mucina, Michele De Sanctis, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Isabelle Aubin, Hamid Gholizadeh, Fahmida Sultana, Fabio Attorre, Valerijus Rašomavičius, Cindy Q. Tang, Tomáš Černý, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Donald A. Walker, Alicia Teresa Rosario Acosta, Timothy J. Killeen, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Susan K. Wiser, Urban Šilc, Andraž Čarni, Florian Jansen, Valério D. Pillar, Jonas V. Müller, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Els De Bie, Antonio Galán-de-Mera, Zhiyao Tang, Anne D. Bjorkman, Sylvia Haider, Kiril Vassilev, Risto Virtanen, Henrik von Wehrden, Hjalmar S. Kühl, Manfred Finckh, Zvjezdana Stančić, Pavel Shirokikh, Elizabeth Kearsley, Petr Petřík, Yves Bergeron, Iva Apostolova, Emiliano Agrillo, Jozef Šibík, Norbert Jürgens, Marta Gaia Sperandii, Anna Kuzemko, Jens-Christian Svenning, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, Michael Kessler, Bruno Hérault, John-Arvid Grytnes, Laura Casella, Tomáš Peterka, Miguel Alvarez, Tsipe Aavik, Gregory Richard Guerin, André Luis de Gasper, Corrado Marcenò, Luis Cayuela, Brody Sandel, Cyrille Violle, Jens Kattge, Guillermo Hinojos Mendoza, Anke Jentsch, Arindam Banerjee, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Mohammed Abu Sayed Arfin Khan, Patrice de Ruffray, Milan Chytrý, S. M. Yamalov, Tatiana Lysenko, Meelis Pärtel, Viktoria Bondareva, Helge Bruelheide, John S. Rodwell, Jiri Dolezal, Oliver L. Phillips, Rasmus Revermann, Larisa Khanina, Erwin Bergmeier, Robert K. Peet, Jörg Brunet, Solvita Rūsiņa, Oliver Purschke, Gianmaria Bonari, Jürgen Homeier, Martin Zobel, János Csiky, Marijn Bauters, Jalil Noroozi, Karsten Wesche, Kim André Vanselow, Norbert Hölzel, Flavia Landucci, Farideh Fazayeli, Wolfgang Willner, Viktoria Wagner, Alireza Naqinezhad, Aurora Levesley, Vadim Prokhorov, Hongyan Liu, Ali Kavgaci, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Franziska Schrodt, Attila Lengyel, Elise A. Arnst, Sabatini F.M., Lenoir J., Hattab T., Arnst E.A., Chytry M., Dengler J., De Ruffray P., Hennekens S.M., Jandt U., Jansen F., Jimenez-Alfaro B., Kattge J., Levesley A., Pillar V.D., Purschke O., Sandel B., Sultana F., Aavik T., Acic S., Acosta A.T.R., Agrillo E., Alvarez M., Apostolova I., Arfin Khan M.A.S., Arroyo L., Attorre F., Aubin I., Banerjee A., Bauters M., Bergeron Y., Bergmeier E., Biurrun I., Bjorkman A.D., Bonari G., Bondareva V., Brunet J., Carni A., Casella L., Cayuela L., Cerny T., Chepinoga V., Csiky J., Custerevska R., De Bie E., de Gasper A.L., De Sanctis M., Dimopoulos P., Dolezal J., Dziuba T., El-Sheikh M.A.E.-R.M., Enquist B., Ewald J., Fazayeli F., Field R., Finckh M., Gachet S., Galan-de-Mera A., Garbolino E., Gholizadeh H., Giorgis M., Golub V., Alsos I.G., Grytnes J.-A., Guerin G.R., Gutierrez A.G., Haider S., Hatim M.Z., Herault B., Hinojos Mendoza G., Holzel N., Homeier J., Hubau W., Indreica A., Janssen J.A.M., Jedrzejek B., Jentsch A., Jurgens N., Kacki Z., Kapfer J., Karger D.N., Kavgaci A., Kearsley E., Kessler M., Khanina L., Killeen T., Korolyuk A., Kreft H., Kuhl H.S., Kuzemko A., Landucci F., Lengyel A., Lens F., Lingner D.V., Liu H., Lysenko T., Mahecha M.D., Marceno C., Martynenko V., Moeslund J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza A., Mucina L., Muller J.V., Munzinger J., Naqinezhad A., Noroozi J., Nowak A., Onyshchenko V., Overbeck G.E., Partel M., Pauchard A., Peet R.K., Penuelas J., Perez-Haase A., Peterka T., Petrik P., Peyre G., Phillips O.L., Prokhorov V., Rasomavicius V., Revermann R., Rivas-Torres G., Rodwell J.S., Ruprecht E., Rusina S., Samimi C., Schmidt M., Schrodt F., Shan H., Shirokikh P., Sibik J., Silc U., Sklenar P., Skvorc Z., Sparrow B., Sperandii M.G., Stancic Z., Svenning J.-C., Tang Z., Tang C.Q., Tsiripidis I., Vanselow K.A., Vasquez Martinez R., Vassilev K., Velez-Martin E., Venanzoni R., Vibrans A.C., Violle C., Virtanen R., von Wehrden H., Wagner V., Walker D.A., Waller D.M., Wang H.-F., Wesche K., Whitfeld T.J.S., Willner W., Wiser S.K., Wohlgemuth T., Yamalov S., Zobel M., Bruelheide H., Sabatini, Fm, Lenoir, J, Hattab, T, Arnst, Ea, Chytry, M, Dengler, J, De Ruffray, P, Hennekens, Sm, Jandt, U, Jansen, F, Jimenez-Alfaro, B, Kattge, J, Levesley, A, Pillar, Vd, Purschke, O, Sandel, B, Sultana, F, Aavik, T, Acic, S, Acosta, Atr, Agrillo, E, Alvarez, M, Apostolova, I, Khan, Masa, Arroyo, L, Attorre, F, Aubin, I, Banerjee, A, Bauters, M, Bergeron, Y, Bergmeier, E, Biurrun, I, Bjorkman, Ad, Bonari, G, Bondareva, V, Brunet, J, Carni, A, Casella, L, Cayuela, L, Cerny, T, Chepinoga, V, Csiky, J, Custerevska, R, De Bie, E, de Gasper, Al, De Sanctis, M, Dimopoulos, P, Dolezal, J, Dziuba, T, El-Sheikh, Mam, Enquist, B, Ewald, J, Fazayeli, F, Field, R, Finckh, M, Gachet, S, Galan-de-Mera, A, Garbolino, E, Gholizadeh, H, Giorgis, M, Golub, V, Alsos, Ig, Grytnes, Ja, Guerin, Gr, Gutierrez, Ag, Haider, S, Hatim, Mz, Herault, B, Mendoza, Gh, Holzel, N, Homeier, J, Hubau, W, Indreica, A, Janssen, Jam, Jedrzejek, B, Jentsch, A, Jurgens, N, Kacki, Z, Kapfer, J, Karger, Dn, Kavgaci, A, Kearsley, E, Kessler, M, Khanina, L, Killeen, T, Korolyuk, A, Kreft, H, Kuhl, H, Kuzemko, A, Landucci, F, Lengyel, A, Lens, F, Lingner, Dv, Liu, Hy, Lysenko, T, Mahecha, Md, Marceno, C, Martynenko, V, Moeslund, Je, Mendoza, Am, Mucina, L, Muller, Jv, Munzinger, Jm, Naqinezhad, A, Noroozi, J, Nowak, A, Onyshchenko, V, Overbeck, Ge, Partel, M, Pauchard, A, Peet, Rk, Penuelas, J, Perez-Haase, A, Peterka, T, Petrik, P, Peyre, G, Phillips, Ol, Prokhorov, V, Rasomavicius, V, Revermann, R, Rivas-Torres, G, Rodwell, J, Ruprecht, E, Rusina, S, Samimi, C, Schmidt, M, Schrodt, F, Shan, Hh, Shirokikh, P, Sibik, J, Silc, U, Sklenar, P, Skvorc, Z, Sparrow, B, Sperandii, Mg, Stancic, Z, Svenning, Jc, Tang, Zy, Tang, Cq, Tsiripidis, I, Vanselow, Ka, Martinez, Rv, Vassilev, K, Velez-Martin, E, Venanzoni, R, Vibrans, Ac, Violle, C, Virtanen, R, von Wehrden, H, Wagner, V, Walker, Da, Waller, Dm, Wang, Hf, Wesche, K, Whitfeld, Tj, Willner, W, Wiser, Sk, Wohlgemuth, T, Yamalov, S, Zobel, M, Bruelheide, H, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Risques et les Crises (CRC), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ANR-07-BDIV-0006,BIONEOCAL,L'endémisme en Nouvelle-Calédonie : étude phylogénétique et populationnelle des son émergence.(2007), ANR-07-BDIV-0008,INC,Incendies et biodiversité de écosystèmes en Nouvelle-Calédonie.(2007), ANR-07-BDIV-0010,ULTRABIO,Biodiversité et stratégies adaptatives végétales et microbiennes des écosystèmes ultramafiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie.(2007), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Biome ,Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Biodiversity ,DIVERSITY ,FOREST VEGETATION ,01 natural sciences ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Abundance (ecology) ,big data ,Vegetation type ,PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DATABASE ,parcelle ,Forest and Landscape Ecology ,functional traits ,vascular plants ,biodiversity ,biogeography ,database ,macroecology ,vegetation plots ,Macroecology ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,vascular plant ,Vegetation ,F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie ,PE&RC ,Vegetation plot ,Geography ,580: Pflanzen (Botanik) ,Ecosystems Research ,Diffusion de l'information ,Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Biodiversité ,ARCHIVE ,Communauté végétale ,Evolution ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Biogéographie ,GRASSLAND VEGETATION ,Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Behavior and Systematics ,Couverture végétale ,577: Ökologie ,PLANT ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,functional trait ,Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Vegetatie ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Impact sur l'environnement ,DRY GRASSLANDS ,Plant community ,15. Life on land ,Végétation ,WETLAND VEGETATION ,Earth and Environmental Sciences ,UNIVERSITY ,Physical geography ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,données ouvertes - Abstract
Datos disponibles en https://github.com/fmsabatini/sPlotOpen_Code, EU H2020 project BACI, Grant No. 640176 (...), Sabatini, F.M., Lenoir, J., Hattab, T., Arnst, E.A., Chytrý, M., Dengler, J., De Ruffray, P., Hennekens, S.M., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Levesley, A., Pillar, V.D., Purschke, O., Sandel, B., Sultana, F., Aavik, T., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Agrillo, E., Alvarez, M., Apostolova, I., Arfin Khan, M.A.S., Arroyo, L., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Banerjee, A., Bauters, M., Bergeron, Y., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Bjorkman, A.D., Bonari, G., Bondareva, V., Brunet, J., Čarni, A., Casella, L., Cayuela, L., Černý, T., Chepinoga, V., Csiky, J., Ćušterevska, R., De Bie, E., de Gasper, A.L., De Sanctis, M., Dimopoulos, P., Dolezal, J., Dziuba, T., El-Sheikh, M.A.E.-R.M., Enquist, B., Ewald, J., Fazayeli, F., Field, R., Finckh, M., Gachet, S., Galán-de-Mera, A., Garbolino, E., Gholizadeh, H., Giorgis, M., Golub, V., Alsos, I.G., Grytnes, J.-A., Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Haider, S., Hatim, M.Z., Hérault, B., Hinojos Mendoza, G., Hölzel, N., Homeier, J., Hubau, W., Indreica, A., Janssen, J.A.M., Jedrzejek, B., Jentsch, A., Jürgens, N., Kącki, Z., Kapfer, J., Karger, D.N., Kavgacı, A., Kearsley, E., Kessler, M., Khanina, L., Killeen, T., Korolyuk, A., Kreft, H., Kühl, H.S., Kuzemko, A., Landucci, F., Lengyel, A., Lens, F., Lingner, D.V., Liu, H., Lysenko, T., Mahecha, M.D., Marcenò, C., Martynenko, V., Moeslund, J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Mucina, L., Müller, J.V., Munzinger, J., Naqinezhad, A., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onyshchenko, V., Overbeck, G.E., Pärtel, M., Pauchard, A., Peet, R.K., Peñuelas, J., Pérez-Haase, A., Peterka, T., Petřík, P., Peyre, G., Phillips, O.L., Prokhorov, V., Rašomavičius, V., Revermann, R., Rivas-Torres, G., Rodwell, J.S., Ruprecht, E., Rūsiņa, S., Samimi, C., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Shan, H., Shirokikh, P., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Sklenář, P., Škvorc, Ž., Sparrow, B., Sperandii, M.G., Stančić, Z., Svenning, J.-C., Tang, Z., Tang, C.Q., Tsiripidis, I., Vanselow, K.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Vassilev, K., Vélez-Martin, E., Venanzoni, R., Vibrans, A.C., Violle, C., Virtanen, R., von Wehrden, H., Wagner, V., Walker, D.A., Waller, D.M., Wang, H.-F., Wesche, K., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Willner, W., Wiser, S.K., Wohlgemuth, T., Yamalov, S., Zobel, M., Bruelheide, H.
- Published
- 2021
32. Global patterns and drivers of alpine plant species richness
- Author
-
Andreas Hemp, Jonathan Lenoir, Evgeny G. Zibzeev, Steven P. Sylvester, N. I. Makunina, Michele De Sanctis, Risto Virtanen, Robert F. Brand, Wolfgang Willner, Arkadiusz Nowak, Ute Jandt, Riccardo Testolin, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Sylvia Haider, George P. Malanson, Susan K. Wiser, Gwendolyn Peyre, Kiril Vassilev, Milan Chytrý, Fabio Attorre, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Petr Sklenář, Jalil Noroozi, Manfred Finckh, Andrey Yu. Korolyuk, Peter Borchardt, Daniel B. Montesinos-Tubée, Helge Bruelheide, Robert K. Peet, Jozef Šibík, Jiri Dolezal, Michael Kessler, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Testolin R., Attorre F., Borchardt P., Brand R.F., Bruelheide H., Chytry M., De Sanctis M., Dolezal J., Finckh M., Haider S., Hemp A., Jandt U., Kessler M., Korolyuk A.Y., Lenoir J., Makunina N., Malanson G.P., Montesinos-Tubee D.B., Noroozi J., Nowak A., Peet R.K., Peyre G., Sabatini F.M., Sibik J., Sklenar P., Sylvester S.P., Vassilev K., Virtanen R., Willner W., Wiser S.K., Zibzeev E.G., and Jimenez-Alfaro B.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biodiversity hotspot ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Alpine plant ,global pattern ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,biogeographical history ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,plant species richness ,Temperate climate ,global patterns ,Alpine vegetation ,biodiversity hotspots ,multiscale analysis ,Ecosystem ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,multiscale analysi ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,Biodiversity hotspot ,Taxon ,Geography ,Rarefaction (ecology) ,Species richness ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology - Abstract
B.J.-A. was funded by the Marie Curie Clarín-COFUND program of the Principality of Asturias-EU (ACB17-26) and the Spanish Research Agency (AEI/10.13039/501100011033)., Testolin, R., Attorre, F., Borchardt, P., Brand, R.F., Bruelheide, H., Chytrý, M., De Sanctis, M., Dolezal, J., Finckh, M., Haider, S., Hemp, A., Jandt, U., Kessler, M., Korolyuk, A.Y., Lenoir, J., Makunina, N., Malanson, G.P., Montesinos-Tubée, D.B., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Peet, R.K., Peyre, G., Sabatini, F.M., Šibík, J., Sklenář, P., Sylvester, S.P., Vassilev, K., Virtanen, R., Willner, W., Wiser, S.K., Zibzeev, E.G., Jiménez-Alfaro, B.
- Published
- 2021
33. Fine‐grain beta diversity of Palaearctic grassland vegetation
- Author
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Giampiero Ciaschetti, Arkadiusz Nowak, Manuela Winkler, Orsolya Valkó, Remigiusz Pielech, John-Arvid Grytnes, Kiril Vassilev, Sándor Bartha, Robert K. Peet, Steffen Boch, Ewelina Klichowska, Iwona Dembicz, Łukasz Kozub, Jiri Dolezal, Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo, Christian Dolnik, Anne Mimet, Idoia Biurrun, Monika Janišová, Emin Uğurlu, Jalil Noroozi, Laura Cancellieri, Edy Fantinato, Svetlana Aćić, Marta Carboni, Jinghui Zhang, Swantje Löbel, Pieter De Frenne, Behlül Güler, Iuliia Vasheniak, Hannah J. White, Corrado Marcenò, Jutta Kapfer, Michael Manthey, Sabina Burrascano, Franz Essl, Anna Kuzemko, Massimo Terzi, Juan Antonio Campos, Salza Palpurina, Manuel J. Steinbauer, Timo Conradi, François Gillet, Thomas J. Matthews, Harald Pauli, Vincent Pellissier, Itziar García-Mijangos, Jürgen Dengler, Goffredo Filibeck, Werner Ulrich, Alessandro Chiarucci, Riccardo Guarino, Denys Vynokurov, David Storch, Sebastian Wolfrum, Wolfgang Willner, Alireza Naqinezhad, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Thomas Matthews, Sandor Bartha, Wolfgang Willner, Iwona Dembicz, Arkadiusz Nowak, Marta Carboni, Monika Janisova, Manuel Steinbauer, Manuela Winkler, Lukasz Kozub, Jalil Noroozi, Hannah White, Riccardo Guarino, Robert Peet, Orsolya Valkó, Juan Antonio Campos, Sebastian Wolfrum, Denys Vynokurov, Itziar García-Mijangos, Salza Palpurina, Jürgen Dengler, Alessandro Chiarucci, François Gillet, Anna Kuzemko, Idoia Biurrun, Massimo Terzi, Remigiusz Pielech, Pieter De Frenne, Dembicz I., Dengler J., Steinbauer M.J., Matthews T.J., Bartha S., Burrascano S., Chiarucci A., Filibeck G., Gillet F., Janisova M., Palpurina S., Storch D., Ulrich W., Acic S., Boch S., Campos J.A., Cancellieri L., Carboni M., Ciaschetti G., Conradi T., De Frenne P., Dolezal J., Dolnik C., Essl F., Fantinato E., Garcia-Mijangos I., Giusso del Galdo G.P., Grytnes J.-A., Guarino R., Guler B., Kapfer J., Klichowska E., Kozub L., Kuzemko A., Lobel S., Manthey M., Marceno C., Mimet A., Naqinezhad A., Noroozi J., Nowak A., Pauli H., Peet R.K., Pellissier V., Pielech R., Terzi M., Ugurlu E., Valko O., Vasheniak I., Vassilev K., Vynokurov D., White H.J., Willner W., Winkler M., Wolfrum S., Zhang J., Biurrun I., Dembicz, Iwona, Dengler, Jürgen, Steinbauer, Manuel J., Matthews, Thomas J., Bartha, Sándor, Burrascano, Sabina, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Filibeck, Goffredo, Gillet, Françoi, Janišová, Monika, Palpurina, Salza, Storch, David, Ulrich, Werner, Aćić, Svetlana, Boch, Steffen, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ciaschetti, Giampiero, Conradi, Timo, De Frenne, Pieter, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Essl, Franz, Fantinato, Edy, García‐mijangos, Itziar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John‐arvid, Guarino, Riccardo, Güler, Behlül, Kapfer, Jutta, Klichowska, Ewelina, Kozub, Łukasz, Kuzemko, Anna, Löbel, Swantje, Manthey, Michael, Marcenò, Corrado, Mimet, Anne, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Pauli, Harald, Peet, Robert K., Pellissier, Vincent, Pielech, Remigiusz, Terzi, Massimo, Uğurlu, Emin, Valkó, Orsolya, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Vynokurov, Deny, White, Hannah J., Willner, Wolfgang, Winkler, Manuela, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Zhang, Jinghui, Biurrun, Idoia, Werner, Ulrich, García‐Mijangos, Itziar, Grytnes, John‐Arvid, Ugurlu, Emin, and Uǧurlu, Emin
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0106 biological sciences ,Czech ,Agriculture and Food Sciences ,Fine grain ,elevation ,333.7: Landflächen, Naturerholungsgebiete ,habitat ,Plant Science ,Master plan ,Fine-grain beta diversity ,01 natural sciences ,Scale dependence ,evolutionary ,RICHNESS ,vascular plants ,HABITAT ,Macroecology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common ,Mean occupancy ,Productivity ,2. Zero hunger ,disturbance ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,Settore BIO/02 - Botanica Sistematica ,Environmental research ,Palaearctic grassland ,differentiation ,environmental heterogeneity ,species-area relationship (SAR) ,gradient ,DIFFERENTIATION ,580: Pflanzen (Botanik) ,fine-grain beta diversity ,heterogeneity ,land use ,macroecology ,mean occupancy ,productivity ,scale dependence ,species–area relationship (SAR) ,z-value ,language ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Library science ,Species–area relationship (SAR) ,Environmental drivers, Grasslands, Lichens, Mosses, Species-area relationship, SAR, Vascular Plands ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Species-area curve ,03 medical and health sciences ,Excellence ,Political science ,GRADIENT ,Slovak ,030304 developmental biology ,spatial scale ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Disturbance ,15. Life on land ,Z-value ,language.human_language ,ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY ,Earth and Environmental Sciences ,Elevation ,Land use ,EVOLUTIONARY ,SPATIAL SCALE ,SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS ,VASCULAR PLANTS ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Heterogeneity ,richness - Abstract
QUESTIONS: Which environmental factors influence fine-grain beta diversity of vegetation and do they vary among taxonomic groups? LOCATION: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. METHODS: We extracted 4,654 nested-plot series with at least four different grain sizes between 0.0001 m² and 1,024 m² from the GrassPlot database, covering a wide range of different grassland and other open habitat types. We derived extensive environmental and structural information for these series. For each series and four taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens, all), we calculated the slope parameter (z-value) of the power law species–area relationship (SAR), as a beta diversity measure. We tested whether z-values differed among taxonomic groups and with respect to biogeographic gradients (latitude, elevation, macroclimate), ecological (site) characteristics (several stress–productivity, disturbance and heterogeneity measures, including land use) and alpha diversity (c-value of the power law SAR). RESULTS: Mean z-values were highest for lichens, intermediate for vascular plants and lowest for bryophytes. Bivariate regressions of z-values against environmental variables had rather low predictive power (mean R² = 0.07 for vascular plants, less for other taxa). For vascular plants, the strongest predictors of z-values were herb layer cover (negative), elevation (positive), rock and stone cover (positive) and the c-value (U-shaped). All tested metrics related to land use (fertilization, livestock grazing, mowing, burning, decrease in naturalness) led to a decrease in z-values. Other predictors had little or no impact on z-values. The patterns for bryophytes, lichens and all taxa combined were similar but weaker than those for vascular plants. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that productivity has negative and heterogeneity positive effects on z-values, while the effect of disturbance varies depending on type and intensity. These patterns and the differences among taxonomic groups can be explained via the effects of these drivers on the mean occupancy of species, which is mathematically linked to beta diversity. The Bavarian Research Alliance (via the BayIntAn scheme) and the Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) funded the initial GrassPlot workshop during which the database was established and the current paper was initiated (grants to JDe). WU acknowledges support from the Polish National Science Centre (grant 2017/27/B/NZ8/00316). IB, JAC and IG-M were funded by the Basque Government (IT936-16). GF carried out the research in the frame of the MIUR initiative "Department of excellence" (Law 232/2016). SBa was supported by the GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00019 project. CM was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (grant no. 19-28491X) and the Basque Government (IT936-16). ID was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (grant DEC-2013/09/N/NZ8/03234) and by a Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship for Postdocs (ESKAS No. 2019.0491). MJ was supported by the Slovak Academy of Sciences (grant VEGA 02/0095/19). AN was supported by a " Master Plan Project" in the University of Mazandaran, Iran. DS was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (grant no. 20-29554X). AK, IV and DV were supported by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (project no. 2020.01/0140). JDo was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA17-19376S) and LTAUSA18007 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
34. Plant taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover increases toward climatic extremes and depends on historical factors in European beech forests
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Milan Chytrý, Kiril Vassilev, Jonathan Lenoir, Josep Padullés Cubino, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Adrian Indreica, Idoia Biurrun, Florian Jansen, Jörg Brunet, Zdeňka Lososová, Wolfgang Willner, Željko Škvorc, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Juan Antonio Campos, Czech Science Foundation, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Padulles Cubino J., Jimenez-Alfaro B., Sabatini F.M., Willner W., Lososova Z., Biurrun I., Brunet J., Campos J.A., Indreica A., Jansen F., Lenoir J., Skvorc Z., Vassilev K., and Chytry M.
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0106 biological sciences ,deciduous forests ,beta-diversity ,Fagus sylvatica ,Range (biology) ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,post-glacial dispersal ,Beta diversity ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,Plant Science ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,distribution range margin ,climatic gradient ,Beech ,community phylogenetics ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,beta-diversity, climatic gradient, community phylogenetics, deciduous forests, distribution range margin, European Vegetation Archive, Fagus sylvatica, plant diversity, post-glacial dispersal, species rarity, vegetation plots ,Ecology ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,European Vegetation Archive ,fungi ,species rarity ,deciduous forest ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,plant diversity ,community phylogenetic ,vegetation plots ,Geography ,Spatial variability ,Species richness ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Aims: The effect of biogeographical processes on the spatial turnover component of beta-diversity over large spatial extents remains scarcely understood. Here, we aim at disentangling the roles of environmental and historical factors on plant taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover, while controlling for the effects of species richness and rarity. Location: European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests in Europe. Methods: We aggregated plant species occurrences from vegetation plots in spatial grid cells of 0.25º × 0.25º to calculate the spatial turnover component of taxonomic (TBD) and phylogenetic (PBD) beta-diversity for each cell. We also calculated the deviation of PBD given TBD (PBD), which measures the importance of phylogenetic turnover after factoring out taxonomic turnover. Beta-diversity was calculated for each grid cell as the mean pairwise dissimilarity between the focal cell and all other cells. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between environmental (climate, soil pH, and distance from the geographical distribution limit of beech) and historical (distance from beech glacial refugia) predictors and beta-diversity metrics. Results: We found a geographically consistent variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover. Overall, TBD and PBD increased significantly toward more extreme climatic conditions, on more acidic soils, and toward the margins of beech distribution. The effects of environmental variables and the distance from glacial refugia on beta-diversity metrics were mediated by species richness and rarity. Phylogenetic turnover was low in relation to taxonomic turnover (i.e., high PBD) in areas closer to glacial refugia. Conclusions: Continental-scale patterns of beta-diversity in European beech forests are the result of complementary ecological and evolutionary processes. In general, beech forests are taxonomically and phylogenetically more distinct in climatically marginal areas of their European range. However, the spatial variation of beta-diversity in European beech forest flora is still strongly characterized by the distribution of groups of closely related species that evolved or survived in glacial refugia., The study was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (project no.19-28491X). I.B. and J.A.C. were funded by the Basque Government (IT936-16).
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- 2021
35. The relationship between niche breadth and range size of beech (Fagus) species worldwide
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Cindy Q. Tang, Andraž Čarni, Jianxiao Zhu, Wenjing Fang, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Hamid Gholizadeh, Wolfgang Willner, Zhiyao Tang, Jens-Christian Svenning, Robert K. Peet, Franziska Schrodt, Adrian Indreica, Chengjun Ji, Remigiusz Pielech, Jonathan Lenoir, Süleyman Çoban, Jiangling Zhu, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, József Pál Frink, Jingyun Fang, Richard Field, Kubota Yasuhiro, Juan Antonio Campos, Jiri Dolezal, Erik Welk, Qiong Cai, Michele De Sanctis, Helge Bruelheide, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Milan Chytrý, Ute Jandt, Fabio Attorre, Jürgen Dengler, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cai Q., Welk E., Ji C., Fang W., Sabatini F.M., Zhu J., Tang Z., Attorre F., Campos J.A., Carni A., Chytry M., Coban S., Dengler J., Dolezal J., Field R., Frink J.P., Gholizadeh H., Indreica A., Jandt U., Karger D.N., Lenoir J., Peet R.K., Pielech R., De Sanctis M., Schrodt F., Svenning J.-C., Tang C.Q., Tsiripidis I., Willner W., Yasuhiro K., Fang J., and Bruelheide H.
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0106 biological sciences ,Range (biology) ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Niche ,niche evolution ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,co-occurrence data ,niche breadth ,Fagus ,geographical range size ,Beech ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Fagu ,climatic niche ,deciduous species ,Fagus, geographical range size ,phylogenetic signal ,temperate forest flora ,vegetation-plot data ,Ecology ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Deciduous ,Taxon ,580: Pflanzen (Botanik) ,deciduous specie ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Temperate rainforest ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Aim: This work explores whether the commonly observed positive range size-niche breadth relationship exists for Fagus, one of the most dominant and widespread broad-leaved deciduous tree genera in temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, we ask whether the 10 extant Fagus species' niche breadths and climatic tolerances are under phylogenetic control. Location: Northern Hemisphere temperate forests. Taxon: Fagus L. Methods: Combining the global vegetation database sPlot with Chinese vegetation data, we extracted 107,758 releves containing Fagus species. We estimated biotic and climatic niche breadths per species using plot-based co-occurrence data and a resource-based approach, respectively. We examined the relationships of these estimates with range size and tested for their phylogenetic signal, prior to which a Random Forest (RF) analysis was applied to test which climatic properties are most conserved across the Fagus species. Results: Neither biotic niche breadth nor climatic niche breadth was correlated with range size, and the two niche breadths were incongruent as well. Notably, the widespread North American F. grandifolia had a distinctly smaller biotic niche breadth than the Chinese Fagus species (F. engleriana, F. hayatae, F. longipetiolata and F. lucida) with restricted distributions in isolated mountains. The RF analysis revealed that cold tolerance did not differ among the 10 species, and thus may represent an ancestral, fixed trait. In addition, neither biotic nor climatic niche breadths are under phylogenetic control. Main Conclusions: We interpret the lack of a general positive range size-niche breadth relationship within the genus Fagus as a result of the widespread distribution, high among-region variation in available niche space, landscape heterogeneity and Quaternary history. The results hold when estimating niche sizes either by fine-scale co-occurrence data or coarse-scale climate data, suggesting a mechanistic link between factors operating across spatial scales. Besides, there was no evidence for diverging ecological specialization within the genus Fagus. National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology, China; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Grantova Agentura Ceske RepublikyGrant Agency of the Czech Republic; Chinese Scholarship CouncilChina Scholarship Council; Independent Research Fund Denmark; Villum Fonden; German Research FoundationGerman Research Foundation (DFG); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic, program Inter-Excellence; Natural Sciences project TREECHANGE National Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Science and Technology of China; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Grantova Agentura Ceske Republiky; Chinese Scholarship Council; Independent Research Fund Denmark; Natural Sciences project TREECHANGE; Villum Fonden; German Research Foundation; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic, program Inter-Excellence
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- 2021
36. Post-glacial determinants of regional species pools in alpine grasslands
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Wolfgang Willner, Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo, Alessandro Chiarucci, Ariel Bergamini, José V. Roces-Díaz, George P. Malanson, Fabio Attorre, Eszter Ruprecht, Paola Laiolo, Đorđije Milanović, Elizabeth R. Pansing, Maria Laura Carranza, Renata Ćušterevska, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Angela Stanisci, Javier Loidi, Kiril Vassilev, Stefan Dullinger, Riccardo Testolin, Corrado Marcenò, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Manuela Winkler, Jozef Šibík, Rosario G. Gavilán, Nevena Kuzmanović, Sylvain Abdulhak, Jimenez-Alfaro B., Abdulhak S., Attorre F., Bergamini A., Carranza M.L., Chiarucci A., Custerevska R., Dullinger S., Gavilan R.G., Giusso del Galdo G., Kuzmanovic N., Laiolo P., Loidi J., Malanson G.P., Marceno C., Milanovic D., Pansing E.R., Roces-Diaz J.V., Ruprecht E., Sibik J., Stanisci A., Testolin R., Theurillat J.-P., Vassilev K., Willner W., Winkler M., Principado de Asturias, European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), and Czech Science Foundation
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0106 biological sciences ,neutral theory ,Alpine diversity ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Insular biogeography ,glaciation ,species pools ,alpine grasslands ,area effect ,species-area relationships ,species pool ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,area effects ,alpine grassland ,species richne ,species–area relationships ,Glacial period ,Europe ,glaciations ,island biogeography ,species richness ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,alpine grasslands area effects Europe glaciations island biogeography neutral theory species pools species richness species–area relationships ,fungi ,15. Life on land ,Geography ,Species richness - Abstract
[Aim] Alpine habitats support unique biodiversity confined to high-elevation areas in the current interglacial. Plant diversity in these habitats may respond to area, environment, connectivity and isolation, yet these factors have been rarely evaluated in concert. Here we investigate major determinants of regional species pools in alpine grasslands, and the responses of their constituent species groups., [Location] European mountains below 50° N., [Time period] Between 1928 and 2019., [Major taxa studied] Vascular plants., [Methods] We compiled species pools from alpine grasslands in 23 regions, including 794 alpine species and 2,094 non-alpines. We used species–area relationships to test the influence of the extent of alpine areas on regional richness, and mixed-effects models to compare the effects of 12 spatial and environmental predictors. Variation in species composition was addressed by generalized dissimilarity models and by a coefficient of dispersal direction to assess historical links among regions., [Results] Pool sizes were partially explained by current alpine areas, but the other predictors largely contributed to regional differences. The number of alpine species was influenced by area, calcareous bedrock, topographic heterogeneity and regional isolation, while non-alpines responded better to connectivity and climate. Regional dissimilarity of alpine species was explained by isolation and precipitation, but non-alpines only responded to isolation. Past dispersal routes were correlated with latitude, with alpine species showing stronger connections among regions., [Main conclusions] Besides area effects, edaphic, topographic and spatio-temporal determinants are important to understand the organization of regional species pools in alpine habitats. The number of alpine species is especially linked to refugia and isolation, but their composition is explained by past dispersal and post-glacial environmental filtering, while non-alpines are generally influenced by regional floras. New research on the dynamics of alpine biodiversity should contextualize the determinants of regional species pools and the responses of species with different ecological profiles., The authors thank Daniela Gaspar for support in GIS analyses. B.J.-A. thanks the Marie Curie Clarín-COFUND program of the Principality of Asturias-EU (ACB17-26), the regional grant IDI/2018/000151, and the Spanish Research Agency grant AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. J.V.R.-D. was supported by the ACA17-02FP7 Marie Curie COFUND-Clarín grant. G.P.M. was funded by US National Science Foundation award 1853665. C.M. was funded by grant no. 19-28491 of the Czech Science Foundation.
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- 2021
37. European Vegetation Archive (EVA): an integrated database of European vegetation plots
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Ioannis Tsiripidis, Dmytro Dubyna, Emin Uğurlu, Federico Fernández-González, Svetlana Aćić, Valerijus Rašomavičius, Anna Kuzemko, Jiří Danihelka, Wolfgang Willner, Christian Berg, Mirjana Ćuk, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Erwin Bergmeier, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Vadim Prokhorov, Deniz Işık Gürsoy, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Hristo Pedashenko, John Janssen, Martin Kleikamp, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Martin Jiroušek, S. M. Yamalov, Viktor Onyshchenko, Ilona Knollová, Urban Šilc, Jörg Ewald, Henry Brisse, Xavier Font, Didem Ambarlı, John S. Rodwell, Andraž Čarni, Tatiana Rogova, Lynda Weekes, Solvita Rūsiņa, Gunnar Seidler, Tetiana Dziuba, Milan Chytrý, Desislava Sopotlieva, Risto Virtanen, Nikolai Ermakov, Riccardo Guarino, Maria Pilar Rodríguez-Rojo, Florian Jansen, Michele De Sanctis, Zygmunt Kącki, Domas Uogintas, Itziar García-Mijangos, Ute Jandt, Jürgen Dengler, Úna FitzPatrick, Jens-Christian Svenning, Eszter Ruprecht, Idoia Biurrun, Kiril Vassilev, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Stephan M. Hennekens, Tomáš Peterka, Laura Casella, Zvjezdana Stančić, Jonathan Lenoir, Iva Apostolova, Flavia Landucci, Milan Valachovič, Fabio Attorre, Joop H.J. Schaminée, Renata Ćušterevska, Corrado Marcenò, Valentin Golub, Grzegorz Swacha, János Csiky, Patrice de Ruffray, Tatiana Lysenko, Vitaliy Kolomiychuk, Rense Haveman, Luis Carlón, Emiliano Agrillo, Ali Kavgaci, W. Bernhard Dickoré, Els De Bie, Željko Škvorc, Vassiliy Martynenko, Dana Michalcová, Roberto Venanzoni, Rosario G. Gavilán, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Pierangela Angelini, Giuliano Fanelli, Jozef Šibík, Juan Antonio Campos, Yulia Vashenyak, Rasmus Ejrnæs, Adrian Indreica, Panayotis Dimopoulos, Daniel Krstonošić, Zora Dajić Stevanović, Chytrý, M., Hennekens, S., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Knollová, I., Dengler, J., Jansen, F., Landucci, F., Schaminée, J., Aćić, S., Agrillo, E., Ambarlı, D., Angelini, P., Apostolova, I., Attorre, F., Berg, C., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Botta-Dukát, Z., Brisse, H., Campos, J., Carlón, L., Čarni, A., Casella, L., Csiky, J., Ćušterevska, R., Dajić Stevanović, Z., Danihelka, J., De Bie, E., de Ruffray, P., De Sanctis, M., Dickoré, W., Dimopoulos, P., Dubyna, D., Dziuba, T., Ejrnaes, R., Ermakov, N., Ewald, J., Fanelli, G., Fernández-González, F., Fitzpatrick, Ú., Font, X., García-Mijangos, I., Gavilán, R., Golub, V., Guarino, R., Haveman, R., Indreica, A., Işık Gürsoy, D., Jandt, U., Janssen, J., Jiroušek, M., Kącki, Z., Kavgacı, A., Kleikamp, M., Kolomiychuk, V., Krstivojević Ćuk, M., Krstonošić, D., Kuzemko, A., Lenoir, J., Lysenko, T., Marcenò, C., Martynenko, V., Michalcová, D., Moeslund, J., Onyshchenko, V., Pedashenko, H., Pérez-Haase, A., Peterka, T., Prokhorov, V., Rašomavičius, V., Rodríguez-Rojo, M., Rodwell, J., Rogova, T., Ruprecht, E., Rūsiņa, S., Seidler, G., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Škvorc, Ž., Sopotlieva, D., Stančić, Z., Svenning, J., Swacha, G., Tsiripidis, I., Turtureanu, P., Uğurlu, E., Uogintas, D., Valachovič, M., Vashenyak, Y., Vassilev, K., Venanzoni, R., Virtanen, R., Weekes, L., Willner, W., Wohlgemuth, T., Yamalov, S., and Universitat de Barcelona
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0106 biological sciences ,International Association for Vegetation Science ,Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Ecoinformatic ,01 natural sciences ,Ecoinformatics ,Forest and Landscape Ecology ,Vegetació ,Ecology ,Environmental resource management ,PE&RC ,Vegetation plot ,Europe ,Centralized database ,Geography ,Cartografia de la vegetació ,Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,medicine.symptom ,Geographic coordinate system ,Europa ,Releve ,Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation ,European Vegetation Survey ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Biodiversity informatics ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Plot (graphics) ,Relevé ,Database ,Phytosociological data ,Vegetation database ,medicine ,biodiversity informatics ,database ,ecoinformatics ,european vegetation survey ,international association for vegetation science ,phytosociological data ,relevé ,vegetation database ,vegetation plot ,ecology ,nature and landscape conservation ,management ,monitoring ,policy and law ,Vegetatie ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Vegetation mapping ,Vegetation ,business.industry ,15. Life on land ,Defensie ,Taxon ,Biodiversity informatic ,Integrated database ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,business ,Vegetation (pathology) ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Biurrun, Idoia/0000-0002-1454-0433; Rojo, Maria Pilar Rodriguez/0000-0001-5449-9386; Ermakov, Nikolai/0000-0001-7550-990X; De Sanctis, Michele/0000-0002-7280-6199; Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Virtanen, Risto/0000-0002-8295-8217; Agrillo, Emiliano/0000-0003-2346-8346; Onyshchenko, Viktor/0000-0001-9079-7241; Marceno, Corrado/0000-0003-4361-5200; Willner, Wolfgang/0000-0003-1591-8386; Fernandez-Gonzalez, Federico/0000-0003-1234-4065; Jansen, Florian/0000-0002-0331-5185; Swacha, Grzegorz/0000-0002-6380-2954; Dengler, Jurgen/0000-0003-3221-660X; Guarino, Riccardo/0000-0003-0106-9416; Sopotlieva, Desislava/0000-0002-9281-7039; Venanzoni, Roberto/0000-0002-7768-0468; Chytry, Milan/0000-0002-8122-3075; Kuzemko, Anna/0000-0002-9425-2756; Danihelka, Jiri/0000-0002-2640-7867; Kuzemko, Anna/0000-0002-9425-2756; Venanzoni, Roberto/0000-0002-7768-0468; Gavilan, Rosario G./0000-0002-1022-445X; Jansen, Florian/0000-0002-0331-5185; Wohlgemuth, Thomas/0000-0002-4623-0894; Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Sibik, Jozef/0000-0002-5949-862X; Casella, Laura/0000-0003-2550-3010; Lenoir, Jonathan/0000-0003-0638-9582; Attorre, Fabio/0000-0002-7744-2195; Kacki, Zygmunt/0000-0002-2241-1631; Jandt, Ute/0000-0002-3177-3669; Carni, Andraz/0000-0002-8909-4298; Jirousek, Martin/0000-0002-4293-478X; GARCIA-MIJANGOS, ITZIAR/0000-0002-6642-7782; Campos, Juan Antonio/0000-0001-5992-2753; Fanelli, Giuliano/0000-0002-3143-1212; Haveman, Rense/0000-0001-9127-4549; Acic, Svetlana/0000-0001-6553-3797; De Bie, Els/0000-0001-7679-743X; Font, Xavier/0000-0002-7253-8905; Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold/0000-0001-8591-7149; Martynenko, Vasiliy/0000-0002-9071-3789; Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja/0000-0001-6601-9597; Ejrnaes, Rasmus/0000-0003-2538-8606; Carlon Ruiz, Luis/0000-0003-3442-8710; Angelini, Pierangela/0000-0002-5321-9757; Silc, Urban/0000-0002-3052-699X; Landucci, Flavia/0000-0002-6848-0384; Ewald, Jorg/0000-0002-2758-9324; Dziuba, Tetiana/0000-0001-8621-0890 WOS: 000368074600018 The European Vegetation Archive (EVA) is a centralized database of European vegetation plots developed by the IAVS Working Group European Vegetation Survey. It has been in development since 2012 and first made available for use in research projects in 2014. It stores copies of national and regional vegetation-plot databases on a single software platform. Data storage in EVA does not affect on-going independent development of the contributing databases, which remain the property of the data contributors. EVA uses a prototype of the database management software TURBOVEG 3 developed for joint management of multiple databases that use different species lists. This is facilitated by the SynBioSys Taxon Database, a system of taxon names and concepts used in the individual European databases and their corresponding names on a unified list of European flora. TURBOVEG 3 also includes procedures for handling data requests, selections and provisions according to the approved EVA Data Property and Governance Rules. By 30 June 2015, 61 databases from all European regions have joined EVA, contributing in total 1 027 376 vegetation plots, 82% of them with geographic coordinates, from 57 countries. EVA provides a unique data source for large-scale analyses of European vegetation diversity both for fundamental research and nature conservation applications. Updated information on EVA is available online at http://euroveg.org/eva-database. Czech Science Foundation (Centre of Excellence PLADIAS) [14-36079G] Our major thanks go to thousands of European vegetation scientists of several generations who collected the original vegetation-plot data in the field, published them or made their unpublished data available to others, and to those who spent myriad hours digitizing data and managing the contributing databases. EVA data management has been partly funded by the Czech Science Foundation (Centre of Excellence PLADIAS, 14-36079G).
- Published
- 2016
38. Evolutionary dynamics of Euphorbia carniolica suggest a complex Plio-Pleistocene history of understorey species of deciduous forest in southeastern Europe.
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Kirschner P, Záveská E, Hülber K, Wessely J, Willner W, Schönswetter P, and Frajman B
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- Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Genetic Variation genetics, Europe, Forests, Balkan Peninsula, Haplotypes, Euphorbia genetics
- Abstract
Deciduous forests form the dominant natural vegetation of Europe today, but were restricted to small refugia during Pleistocene cold stages, implying an evolutionary past shaped by recurrent range contractions and expansions. Cold-stage forest refugia were probably widespread in southern and central Europe, with the northwestern Balkan Peninsula being of particular importance. However, the actual number and location of deciduous forest refugia, as well as the connections between them, remain disputed. Here, we address the evolutionary dynamics of the deciduous forest understorey species Euphorbia carniolica as a proxy for past forest dynamics. To do so, we obtained genomic and morphometric data from populations representing the species' entire range, investigated phylogenetic position and intraspecific genetic variation, tested explicit demographic scenarios and applied species distribution models. Our data support two disjoint groups linked to separate refugia on the northwestern and central Balkan Peninsula. We find that genetic differentiation between groups started in the early Pleistocene via vicariance, suggesting a larger distribution in the past. Both refugia acted as sources for founder events to the southeastern Alps and the Carpathians; the latter were likely colonised before the last cold stage. In line with traditional views on the pre-Pleistocene origin of many southeastern European deciduous forest species, the origin of E. carniolica was dated to the late Pliocene. The fact that E. carniolica evolved at a time when a period of continuous forestation was ending in much of Eurasia provides an interesting biogeographical perspective on the past links between Eurasian deciduous forests and their biota., (© 2023 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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39. Post-glacial range formation of temperate forest understorey herbs - Insights from a spatio-temporally explicit modelling approach.
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Willner W, Wessely J, Gattringer A, Moser D, Záveská E, Dullinger S, Schönswetter P, and Hülber K
- Abstract
Aim: Our knowledge of Pleistocene refugia and post-glacial recolonization routes of forest understorey plants is still very limited. The geographical ranges of these species are often rather narrow and show highly idiosyncratic, often fragmented patterns indicating either narrow and species-specific ecological tolerances or strong dispersal limitations. However, the relative roles of these factors are inherently difficult to disentangle., Location: Central and south-eastern Europe., Time Period: 17,100 BP - present., Major Taxa Studied: Five understorey herbs of European beech forests: Aposeris foetida , Cardamine trifolia , Euphorbia carniolica , Hacquetia epipactis and Helleborus niger ., Methods: We used spatio-temporally explicit modelling to reconstruct the post-glacial range dynamics of the five forest understorey herbs. We varied niche requirements, demographic rates and dispersal abilities across plausible ranges and simulated the spread of species from potential Pleistocene refugia identified by phylogeographical analyses. Then we identified the parameter settings allowing for the most accurate reconstruction of their current geographical ranges., Results: We found a largely homogenous pattern of optimal parameter settings among species. Broad ecological niches had to be combined with very low but non-zero rates of long-distance dispersal via chance events and low rates of seed dispersal over moderate distances by standard dispersal vectors. However, long-distance dispersal events, although rare, led to high variation among replicated simulation runs., Main Conclusions: Small and fragmented ranges of many forest understorey species are best explained by a combination of broad ecological niches and rare medium- and long-distance dispersal events. Stochasticity is thus an important determinant of current species ranges, explaining the idiosyncratic distribution patterns of the study species despite strong similarities in refugia, ecological tolerances and dispersal abilities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Global Ecology and Biogeography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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40. Evidence for Glacial Refugia of the Forest Understorey Species Helleborus niger (Ranunculaceae) in the Southern as Well as in the Northern Limestone Alps.
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Záveská E, Kirschner P, Frajman B, Wessely J, Willner W, Gattringer A, Hülber K, Lazić D, Dobeš C, and Schönswetter P
- Abstract
Glacial refugia of alpine and subnival biota have been intensively studied in the European Alps but the fate of forests and their understory species in that area remains largely unclear. In order to fill this gap, we aimed at disentangling the spatiotemporal diversification of disjunctly distributed black hellebore Helleborus niger (Ranunculaceae). We applied a set of phylogeographic analyses based on restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) data and plastid DNA sequences to a range-wide sampling of populations. These analyses were supplemented with species distribution models generated for the present and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We used exploratory analyses to delimit genomically coherent groups and then employed demographic modeling to reconstruct the history of these groups. We uncovered a deep split between two major genetic groups with western and eastern distribution within the Southern Limestone Alps, likely reflecting divergent evolution since the mid-Pleistocene in two glacial refugia situated along the unglaciated southern margin of the Alps. Long-term presence in the Southern Limestone Alps is also supported by high numbers of private alleles, elevated levels of nucleotide diversity and the species' modeled distribution at the LGM. The deep genetic divergence, however, is not reflected in leaf shape variation, suggesting that the morphological discrimination of genetically divergent entities within H. niger is questionable. At a shallower level, populations from the Northern Limestone Alps are differentiated from those in the Southern Limestone Alps in both RADseq and plastid DNA data sets, reflecting the North-South disjunction within the Eastern Alps. The underlying split was dated to ca. 0.1 mya, which is well before the LGM. In the same line, explicit tests of demographic models consistently rejected the hypothesis that the partial distribution area in the Northern Limestone Alps is the result of postglacial colonization. Taken together, our results strongly support that forest understory species such as H. niger have survived the LGM in refugia situated along the southern, but also along the northern or northeastern periphery of the Alps. Being a slow migrator, the species has likely survived repeated glacial-interglacial circles in distributional stasis while the composition of the tree canopy changed in the meanwhile., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Záveská, Kirschner, Frajman, Wessely, Willner, Gattringer, Hülber, Lazić, Dobeš and Schönswetter.)
- Published
- 2021
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41. A socio-ecological model for predicting impacts of land-use and climate change on regional plant diversity in the Austrian Alps.
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Dullinger I, Gattringer A, Wessely J, Moser D, Plutzar C, Willner W, Egger C, Gaube V, Haberl H, Mayer A, Bohner A, Gilli C, Pascher K, Essl F, and Dullinger S
- Abstract
Climate and land-use change jointly affect the future of biodiversity. Yet, biodiversity scenarios have so far concentrated on climatic effects because forecasts of land use are rarely available at appropriate spatial and thematic scales. Agent-based models (ABMs) represent a potentially powerful but little explored tool for establishing thematically and spatially fine-grained land-use scenarios. Here, we use an ABM parameterized for 1,329 agents, mostly farmers, in a Central European model region, and simulate the changes to land-use patterns resulting from their response to three scenarios of changing socio-economic conditions and three scenarios of climate change until the mid of the century. Subsequently, we use species distribution models to, first, analyse relationships between the realized niches of 832 plant species and climatic gradients or land-use types, respectively, and, second, to project consequent changes in potential regional ranges of these species as triggered by changes in both the altered land-use patterns and the changing climate. We find that both drivers determine the realized niches of the studied plants, with land use having a stronger effect than any single climatic variable in the model. Nevertheless, the plants' future distributions appear much more responsive to climate than to land-use changes because alternative future socio-economic backgrounds have only modest impact on land-use decisions in the model region. However, relative effects of climate and land-use changes on biodiversity may differ drastically in other regions, especially where landscapes are still dominated by natural or semi-natural habitat. We conclude that agent-based modelling of land use is able to provide scenarios at scales relevant to individual species distribution and suggest that coupling ABMs with models of species' range change should be intensified to provide more realistic biodiversity forecasts., (© 2020 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2020
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42. An explicit test of Pleistocene survival in peripheral versus nunatak refugia in two high mountain plant species.
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Pan D, Hülber K, Willner W, and Schneeweiss GM
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- Bayes Theorem, Carex Plant physiology, Climate, Demography, Ecology, Ecosystem, Genotype, Ice Cover, Pedicularis physiology, Refugium, Carex Plant genetics, Pedicularis genetics
- Abstract
Pleistocene climate fluctuations had profound influence on the biogeographical history of many biota. As large areas in high mountain ranges were covered by glaciers, biota were forced either to peripheral refugia (and possibly beyond to lowland refugia) or to interior refugia (nunataks). However, nunatak survival remains controversial as it relies solely on correlative genetic evidence. Here, we test hypotheses of glacial survival using two high alpine plant species (the insect-pollinated Pedicularis asplenifolia and wind-pollinated Carex fuliginosa) in the European Alps. Employing the iDDC (integrative Distributional, Demographic and Coalescent) approach, which couples species distribution modelling, spatial and temporal demographic simulation and Approximate Bayesian Computation, we explicitly test three hypotheses of glacial survival: (a) peripheral survival only, (b) nunatak survival only and (c) peripheral plus nunatak survival. In P. asplenifolia the peripheral plus nunatak survival hypothesis was supported by Bayes factors (BF> 100), whereas in C. fuliginosa the peripheral survival only hypothesis, although best supported, could not be unambiguously distinguished from the peripheral plus nunatak survival hypothesis (BF = 5.58). These results are consistent with current habitat preferences (P. asplenifolia extends to higher elevations) and the potential for genetic swamping (i.e., replacement of local genotypes via hybridization with immigrating genotypes [expected to be higher in the wind-pollinated C. fuliginosa]). Although the persistence of plants on nunataks during glacial periods has been debated and studied over decades, this is one of the first studies to explicitly test the hypothesis instead of solely using correlative evidence., (© 2019 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2020
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43. Extinction debts and colonization credits of non-forest plants in the European Alps.
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Rumpf SB, Hülber K, Wessely J, Willner W, Moser D, Gattringer A, Klonner G, Zimmermann NE, and Dullinger S
- Abstract
Mountain plant species shift their elevational ranges in response to climate change. However, to what degree these shifts lag behind current climate change, and to what extent delayed extinctions and colonizations contribute to these shifts, are under debate. Here, we calculate extinction debt and colonization credit of 135 species from the European Alps by comparing species distribution models with 1576 re-surveyed plots. We find extinction debt in 60% and colonization credit in 38% of the species, and at least one of the two in 93%. This suggests that the realized niche of very few of the 135 species fully tracks climate change. As expected, extinction debts occur below and colonization credits occur above the optimum elevation of species. Colonization credits are more frequent in warmth-demanding species from lower elevations with lower dispersal capability, and extinction debts are more frequent in cold-adapted species from the highest elevations. Local extinctions hence appear to be already pending for those species which have the least opportunity to escape climate warming.
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- 2019
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44. The pharmacology of executive functioning: part 2: research reports.
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Jack B, Louk V, Ellenbroek B, and Paul W
- Subjects
- Humans, Executive Function drug effects, Pharmacology, Clinical methods, Research Report
- Published
- 2018
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45. Habitat Structure, Quality and Landscape Predict Species Richness and Communities of Collembola in Dry Grasslands in Austria.
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Querner P, Milasowszky N, Zulka KP, Abensperg-Traun M, Willner W, Sauberer N, Jakomini C, Wrbka T, Schmitzberger I, and Zechmeister HG
- Abstract
We assessed the relationships between site size, habitat quality, landscape factors (fragmentation, landscape diversity) and species richness in communities of Collembola in 50 small dry grassland habitat patches in an agricultural landscape of eastern Austria. Grasslands in that region were once widespread and extensive, but have become increasingly fragmented and isolated. We hypothesized that dry grassland springtails species richness is significantly correlated with site variables (soil properties, habitat quality) and that the size of grassland sites is positively correlated with species richness. We used pitfall traps in 50 dry grasslands in differently structured agricultural landscapes and tested total abundance and three species richness measures: (1) the number of dry grassland specialist species, (2) total number of dry grassland species and (3) overall species richness. In the multivariate correlation models, we found that all species richness measures were significantly related to the plant species richness, a shape parameter of the sites, soil properties such as humus, temperature, sand and gravel content and the landscape variable reflecting isolation (distance to the nearest large dry grassland area). This landscape variable indicates that neighbouring grasslands are influencing the species richness of the sites. This may be a result of passive wind dispersal across the landscape or historic connection of the small sites with much larger dry grasslands. The size of the site did not show any significant correlation with total, dry grassland specialist, dry grassland generalist or generalist species richness. The small size of Collembola might explain these findings, because they have high population densities even in small patches.
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- 2018
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46. History and environment shape species pools and community diversity in European beech forests.
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Jiménez-Alfaro B, Girardello M, Chytrý M, Svenning JC, Willner W, Gégout JC, Agrillo E, Campos JA, Jandt U, Kącki Z, Šilc U, Slezák M, Tichý L, Tsiripidis I, Turtureanu PD, Ujházyová M, and Wohlgemuth T
- Subjects
- Climate Change, Europe, Fagus, Models, Biological, Biodiversity, Forests, Plant Dispersal
- Abstract
A central hypothesis of ecology states that regional diversity influences local diversity through species-pool effects. Species pools are supposedly shaped by large-scale factors and then filtered into ecological communities, but understanding these processes requires the analysis of large datasets across several regions. Here, we use a framework of community assembly at a continental scale to test the relative influence of historical and environmental drivers, in combination with regional or local species pools, on community species richness and community completeness. Using 42,173 vegetation plots sampled across European beech forests, we found that large-scale factors largely accounted for species pool sizes. At the regional scale, main predictors reflected historical contingencies related to post-glacial dispersal routes, whereas at the local scale, the influence of environmental filters was predominant. Proximity to Quaternary refugia and high precipitation were the main factors supporting community species richness, especially among beech forest specialist plants. Models for community completeness indicate the influence of large-scale factors, further suggesting community saturation as a result of dispersal limitation or biotic interactions. Our results empirically demonstrate how historical factors complement environmental gradients to provide a better understanding of biodiversity patterns across multiple regions.
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- 2018
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47. Reconstructing geographical parthenogenesis: effects of niche differentiation and reproductive mode on Holocene range expansion of an alpine plant.
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Kirchheimer B, Wessely J, Gattringer A, Hülber K, Moser D, Schinkel CCF, Appelhans M, Klatt S, Caccianiga M, Dellinger A, Guisan A, Kuttner M, Lenoir J, Maiorano L, Nieto-Lugilde D, Plutzar C, Svenning JC, Willner W, Hörandl E, and Dullinger S
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Plants, Altitude, Geography, Parthenogenesis, Ranunculus
- Abstract
Asexual taxa often have larger ranges than their sexual progenitors, particularly in areas affected by Pleistocene glaciations. The reasons given for this 'geographical parthenogenesis' are contentious, with expansion of the ecological niche or colonisation advantages of uniparental reproduction assumed most important in case of plants. Here, we parameterized a spread model for the alpine buttercup Ranunculus kuepferi and reconstructed the joint Holocene range expansion of its sexual and apomictic cytotype across the European Alps under different simulation settings. We found that, rather than niche broadening or a higher migration rate, a shift of the apomict's niche towards colder conditions per se was crucial as it facilitated overcoming of topographical barriers, a factor likely relevant for many alpine apomicts. More generally, our simulations suggest potentially strong interacting effects of niche differentiation and reproductive modes on range formation of related sexual and asexual taxa arising from their differential sensitivity to minority cytotype disadvantage., (© 2018 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2018
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48. Range dynamics of mountain plants decrease with elevation.
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Rumpf SB, Hülber K, Klonner G, Moser D, Schütz M, Wessely J, Willner W, Zimmermann NE, and Dullinger S
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- Adaptation, Physiological, Demography, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Temperature, Altitude, Ecosystem, Plants classification
- Abstract
Many studies report that mountain plant species are shifting upward in elevation. However, the majority of these reports focus on shifts of upper limits. Here, we expand the focus and simultaneously analyze changes of both range limits, optima, and abundances of 183 mountain plant species. We therefore resurveyed 1,576 vegetation plots first recorded before 1970 in the European Alps. We found that both range limits and optima shifted upward in elevation, but the most pronounced trend was a mean increase in species abundance. Despite huge species-specific variation, range dynamics showed a consistent trend along the elevational gradient: Both range limits and optima shifted upslope faster the lower they were situated historically, and species' abundance increased more for species from lower elevations. Traits affecting the species' dispersal and persistence capacity were not related to their range dynamics. Using indicator values to stratify species by their thermal and nutrient demands revealed that elevational ranges of thermophilic species tended to expand, while those of cold-adapted species tended to contract. Abundance increases were strongest for nutriphilous species. These results suggest that recent climate warming interacted with airborne nitrogen deposition in driving the observed dynamics. So far, the majority of species appear as "winners" of recent changes, yet "losers" are overrepresented among high-elevation, cold-adapted species with low nutrient demands. In the decades to come, high-alpine species may hence face the double pressure of climatic changes and novel, superior competitors that move up faster than they themselves can escape to even higher elevations., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2018
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49. A higher-level classification of the Pannonian and western Pontic steppe grasslands (Central and Eastern Europe).
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Willner W, Kuzemko A, Dengler J, Chytrý M, Bauer N, Becker T, Biţă-Nicolae C, Botta-Dukát Z, Čarni A, Csiky J, Igić R, Kącki Z, Korotchenko I, Kropf M, Krstivojević-Ćuk M, Krstonošić D, Rédei T, Ruprecht E, Schratt-Ehrendorfer L, Semenishchenkov Y, Stančić Z, Vashenyak Y, Vynokurov D, and Janišová M
- Abstract
Questions: What are the main floristic patterns in the Pannonian and western Pontic steppe grasslands? What are the diagnostic species of the major subdivisions of the class Festuco-Brometea (temperate Euro-Siberian dry and semi-dry grasslands)?, Location: Carpathian Basin (E Austria, SE Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia, N Croatia and N Serbia), Ukraine, S Poland and the Bryansk region of W Russia., Methods: We applied a geographically stratified resampling to a large set of relevés containing at least one indicator species of steppe grasslands. The resulting data set of 17 993 relevés was classified using the TWINSPAN algorithm. We identified groups of clusters that corresponded to the class Festuco-Brometea . After excluding relevés not belonging to our target class, we applied a consensus of three fidelity measures, also taking into account external knowledge, to establish the diagnostic species of the orders of the class. The original TWINSPAN divisions were revised on the basis of these diagnostic species., Results: The TWINSPAN classification revealed soil moisture as the most important environmental factor. Eight out of 16 TWINSPAN groups corresponded to Festuco-Brometea . A total of 80, 32 and 58 species were accepted as diagnostic for the orders Brometalia erecti , Festucetalia valesiacae and Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis , respectively. In the further subdivision of the orders, soil conditions, geographic distribution and altitude could be identified as factors driving the major floristic patterns., Conclusions: We propose the following classification of the Festuco-Brometea in our study area: (1) Brometalia erecti (semi-dry grasslands) with Scabioso ochroleucae-Poion angustifoliae (steppe meadows of the forest zone of E Europe) and Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati (meadow steppes on deep soils in the forest-steppe zone of E Central and E Europe); (2) Festucetalia valesiacae (grass steppes) with Festucion valesiacae (grass steppes on less developed soils in the forest-steppe zone of E Central and E Europe) and Stipion lessingianae (grass steppes in the steppe zone); (3) Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis (rocky steppes) with Asplenio septentrionalis-Festucion pallentis (rocky steppes on siliceous and intermediate soils), Bromo-Festucion pallentis (thermophilous rocky steppes on calcareous soils), Diantho-Seslerion (dealpine Sesleria caerulea grasslands of the Western Carpathians) and Seslerion rigidae (dealpine Sesleria rigida grasslands of the Romanian Carpathians).
- Published
- 2017
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50. Uncertainty in predicting range dynamics of endemic alpine plants under climate warming.
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Hülber K, Wessely J, Gattringer A, Moser D, Kuttner M, Essl F, Leitner M, Winkler M, Ertl S, Willner W, Kleinbauer I, Sauberer N, Mang T, Zimmermann NE, and Dullinger S
- Subjects
- Austria, Models, Theoretical, Uncertainty, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Plants
- Abstract
Correlative species distribution models have long been the predominant approach to predict species' range responses to climate change. Recently, the use of dynamic models is increasingly advocated for because these models better represent the main processes involved in range shifts and also simulate transient dynamics. A well-known problem with the application of these models is the lack of data for estimating necessary parameters of demographic and dispersal processes. However, what has been hardly considered so far is the fact that simulating transient dynamics potentially implies additional uncertainty arising from our ignorance of short-term climate variability in future climatic trends. Here, we use endemic mountain plants of Austria as a case study to assess how the integration of decadal variability in future climate affects outcomes of dynamic range models as compared to projected long-term trends and uncertainty in demographic and dispersal parameters. We do so by contrasting simulations of a so-called hybrid model run under fluctuating climatic conditions with those based on a linear interpolation of climatic conditions between current values and those predicted for the end of the 21st century. We find that accounting for short-term climate variability modifies model results nearly as differences in projected long-term trends and much more than uncertainty in demographic/dispersal parameters. In particular, range loss and extinction rates are much higher when simulations are run under fluctuating conditions. These results highlight the importance of considering the appropriate temporal resolution when parameterizing and applying range-dynamic models, and hybrid models in particular. In case of our endemic mountain plants, we hypothesize that smoothed linear time series deliver more reliable results because these long-lived species are primarily responsive to long-term climate averages., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2016
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