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5. Featured Cover

Author

Willows, Jake W., primary, Robinson, Morganne, additional, Alshahal, Zahra, additional, Morrison, Samantha K., additional, Mishra, Gargi, additional, Cyr, Harrison, additional, Blaszkiewicz, Magdalena, additional, Gunsch, Gilian, additional, DiPietro, Sabrina, additional, Paradie, Emma, additional, Tero, Benjamin, additional, Harrington, Anne, additional, Ryzhova, Larisa, additional, Liaw, Lucy, additional, Reifsnyder, Peter C., additional, Harrison, David E., additional, and Townsend, Kristy L., additional

Published
2023
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6. Age‐related changes to adipose tissue and peripheral neuropathy in genetically diverse HET3 mice differ by sex and are not mitigated by rapamycin longevity treatment

Author

Willows, Jake W., primary, Robinson, Morganne, additional, Alshahal, Zahra, additional, Morrison, Samantha K., additional, Mishra, Gargi, additional, Cyr, Harrison, additional, Blaszkiewicz, Magdalena, additional, Gunsch, Gilian, additional, DiPietro, Sabrina, additional, Paradie, Emma, additional, Tero, Benjamin, additional, Harrington, Anne, additional, Ryzhova, Larisa, additional, Liaw, Lucy, additional, Reifsnyder, Peter C., additional, Harrison, David E., additional, and Townsend, Kristy L., additional

Published
2023
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7. The Presence of Myelinated Nerves and Schwann Cells in White Adipose Tissue: Proximity to Synaptic Vesicle Containing Nerve Terminals and Potential Role in BTBR ob/ob Demyelinating Diabetic Neuropathy

Author

Willows, Jake W., primary, Gunsch, Gilian, additional, Paradie, Emma, additional, Blaszkiewicz, Magdalena, additional, Tonniges, Jeffrey R., additional, Pino, Maria F., additional, Smith, Steven R., additional, Sparks, Lauren M., additional, and Townsend, Kristy L., additional

Published
2022
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11. Myeloid-secreted BDNF maintains innervation of inguinal adipose in male mice

Author

Blaszkiewicz, Magdalena, Wood, Elizabeth, Koizar, Sigi, Willows, Jake W., Cao, Lei, Huang, Wei, Godwin, James, and Townsend, Kristy L.

Abstract

Innervation of adipose tissue is essential for the proper function of this critical metabolic organ. Numerous surgical and chemical denervation studies have demonstrated how maintenance of brain-adipose communication through both sympathetic efferent and sensory afferent nerves helps regulate adipocyte size, cell number, lipolysis, and ‘browning’ of white adipose tissue. Neurotrophic factors are growth factors that promote neuron survival, regeneration and outgrowth of neurites from adult nerves. Peripheral blood immune cells have been shown to be a source of neurotrophic factors in humans and mice. Although a number of these immune cells also reside in the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), it has remained unclear what roles they play in adipose innervation. We have demonstrated that adipose resident myeloid lineage immune cells secrete brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and that deletion of this neurotrophic factor from the myeloid lineage led to a ‘genetic denervation’ of inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue, thereby causing decreased energy expenditure and increased adipose mass. AAV-BDNF intra-adipose injections resulted in an increase in markers of innervation in two models with demonstrated adipose neuropathy. We and others have previously shown that noradrenergic stimulation via cold exposure increases adipose innervation in the inguinal depot. Here we have identified a subset of myeloid cells that are Cx3cr1+ monocytes/macrophages expressing adrenergic receptors. The quantity of these mobile immune cells increased in adipose tissue upon cold stimulation, fitting with their function to hone to sites of tissue injury and repair, and these cells also expressed BDNF. We propose that these cold induced neuroimmune cells (CINCs) are key players in maintaining adipose innervation as well as promoting adipose nerve remodeling under adrenergic stimuli such as cold exposure. Graphical Abstract

Published
2019
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13. Neuropathy and neural plasticity in the subcutaneous white adipose depot

Author

Blaszkiewicz, Magdalena, primary, Willows, Jake W., additional, Dubois, Amanda L., additional, Waible, Stephen, additional, DiBello, Kristen, additional, Lyons, Lila L., additional, Johnson, Cory P., additional, Paradie, Emma, additional, Banks, Nicholas, additional, Motyl, Katherine, additional, Michael, Merilla, additional, Harrison, Benjamin, additional, and Townsend, Kristy L., additional

Published
2019
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15. Neuropathy and neural plasticity in the subcutaneous white adipose depot

Author

Blaszkiewicz, Magdalena, primary, Willows, Jake W., additional, Dubois, Amanda L., additional, Waible, Stephen, additional, Johnson, Cory P., additional, DiBello, Kristen, additional, Lyons, Lila L., additional, Breeding, William P., additional, Tilbury, Karissa B., additional, Michael, Merilla, additional, Harrison, Benjamin, additional, and Townsend, Kristy L., additional

Published
2018
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16. The Sympathetic Innervation of Adipose Tissues: Regulation, Functions, and Plasticity.

Author

Willows JW, Blaszkiewicz M, and Townsend KL

Subjects
Humans, Norepinephrine metabolism, Thermogenesis, Obesity metabolism, Sympathetic Nervous System physiology, Adipose Tissue, White metabolism, Adipose Tissue, Brown metabolism
Abstract

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a crucial arm of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and includes catecholaminergic neurons that release norepinephrine (NE) onto numerous effector tissues and organs in the body. SNS innervation of both white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) is clearly essential for proper tissue function and metabolic control, as decades of surgical, chemical, and genetic denervation studies have demonstrated. Despite our vast knowledge about adipose sympathetic innervation, especially in the context of cold-stimulated browning and thermogenesis that are under SNS control, newer data now provide a nuanced view of the SNS supply to adipose, including its regulation by local neuroimmune cells and neurotrophic factors, the co-release of modulatory neuropeptides along with NE, the importance of local SNS drive to adipose versus systemic increases in circulating catecholamines, and the long-overlooked interplay between adipose sympathetic and sensory nerves. This article brings a modern view to the regulation of sympathetic innervation patterns in WAT and BAT, how to image and quantify the nerve supply, contributions of adipose SNS to tissue functions, and how adipose tissue nerves respond to tissue remodeling and plasticity with changing energy demands. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4985-5021, 2023., (Copyright © 2023 American Physiological Society. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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