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1. Exoskeletons as potential devices to support and enhance rescuers’ chest compression performance during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Author

Seamus Thierry, Cyran Le Guennec, Alexandre Le Falher, Lola Lauby, Laure Boyer, Lucia Vicente Martinez, Alexis Paillet, and Willy Allegre

Subjects
Chest compressions, Active exoskeletons, Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, Physical augmentation, Performance, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Exoskeletons are wearable structures that support and assist movement, or augment the capabilities of the human body. These functionalities could theoretically assist bystanders or rescuers performing manual chest compressions during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, as this emergency procedure is prone to physical exhaustion. Compressions are an intense muscular effort involving a dynamic muscular pattern with conflicting postural constraints. Rescuer fatigue sets in rapidly, leading to postural instability and a lack of mechanical power delivered by the arms to the patient’s torso, which affects hemodynamic efficiency.Physical augmentation and postural stabilization are two functions that could be provided by an exoskeleton during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This device would combine the advantages of manual and mechanical chest compressions, bypassing anthropometric parameters such as the rescuer’s aerobic capacity and muscle mass to maintain efficient chest compressions, and avoiding the negative issues associated with over-assistance through a servomotor function. This concept paper examines the specifications of an ideal theoretical device in this context, noting the potential technical difficulties and barriers to implementation.

Published
2025
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2. Emerging Strategies Based on Sensors for Chronic Wound Monitoring and Management

Author

Manh-Trung Tran, Abhishek Kumar, Abhishek Sachan, Mickaël Castro, Willy Allegre, and Jean-François Feller

Subjects
pressure ulcer, bedsore, chronic wound, anticipated diagnosis, monitoring, skin, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a serious global health challenge, affecting a large section of the population and putting immense pressure on healthcare systems. Sensor-based diagnostic tools and monitoring systems have emerged as a potential non-invasive solution to reduce the occurrence of new cases of PUs and promise a significant reduction in treatment expenditure and time. In this endeavour, the present manuscript reviews the advancements made in the last decade in the development and commercial adoption of different sensor systems for PU-associated chronic wound management. Different types of smart sensor systems have been developed in which pressure, chemical, and optical sensors have witnessed a lot of interest and significant advancement among research communities and industries alike. These sensors utilize a host of nanomaterial-based sensing materials, flexible support, diverse transducing modes, and different device designs to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity for skin pressure, temperature, humidity, and biomarkers released from the wound. Some of these sensor’s array-based electronic skin (e-skin) has reached the stage of commercialization and is being used in commercial products, such as smart bandages, shoes, watches, and mattress among others. Nonetheless, further innovations are necessary in the direction of associating multiple types of sensor arrays, particularly pressure and chemical sensor-based e-skins in a microsystem for performing real-time assessment of all the critical wound parameters.

Published
2022
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3. Evaluation of safety and performance of the self balancing walking system Atalante in patients with complete motor spinal cord injury

Author

Jean Gabriel Previnaire, Willy Allegre, Jacques Kerdraon, Maegan Tucker, Aaron D. Ames, Emmanuel Knappen, and Pauline Coignard

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Rehabilitation, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Robotics, Walking, Dermatology, Exoskeleton Device, medicine.disease, Article, Preferred walking speed, Neurology, Ambulatory, Neuropathic pain, Physical therapy, Humans, Medicine, Observational study, Prospective Studies, Spasticity, medicine.symptom, business, Spinal cord injury, Spinal Cord Injuries, Balance (ability)
Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, open label, observational. OBJECTIVES: To present results of the first clinical study on a newly developed robotic exoskeleton (Atalante®, Wandercraft, Paris, France) that enables individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) to perform ambulatory functions without technical aids. SETTING: Two sites specialized in SCI rehabilitation, France. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were presence of chronic complete SCI (AIS A) ranging from T5 to T12. The study protocol included 12 one-hour training sessions during 3 weeks. Patients walked on floor with robotic assistance and wore a harness connected to a mobile suspension system (without weight-bearing) to prevent from falling. Main outcome was the ability to walk 10 meters unassisted, secondary outcomes were assessment of other ambulatory functions, bladder and bowel functions, pain and spasticity. RESULTS: Twelve patients were enrolled, and 11 completed the protocol, mean age 33,9 years. Six patients had T6 levels of lesion or above. Seven patients passed the 10mWT at the 12th session unassisted (mean walking speed 0.13 m/s) while four required some human help. All patients succeeded at the other ambulatory tests (stand-up, sit-down, balance, turn). There were no significant change for bladder (Qualiveen) or bowel (NBD) functions, neuropathic pain (NPSI, NPRS), yet five patients reported a subjective improvement of their bowel function. Impact on spasticity was variable depending on the muscle examined (Ashworth). Ischial skin erosion was seen in one patient that needed local dressing. CONCLUSION: The Atalante system is safe and enables to perform ambulatory functions in patients with complete SCI.

Published
2021
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4. Acceptability of Overground Wearable Powered Exoskeletons for People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Multicenter Qualitative Study

Author

Noémie Fortin-Bédard, Alice Pellichero, Stéphanie Leplaideur, Marie-Caroline Delebecque, Caroline Charette, Willy Allègre, Alyson Champagne, Caroline Rahn, Andréanne K. Blanchette, Laurent Bouyer, Jacques Kerdraon, Marie-Eve Lamontagne, and François Routhier

Subjects
spinal cord injury, exoskeleton, rehabilitation, acceptability, experience, locomotion, Technology
Abstract

Background: Exoskeletons are used in rehabilitation centers for people with spinal cord injuries (SCI) due to the potential benefits they offer for locomotor rehabilitation. The acceptability of exoskeletons is crucial to promote rehabilitation and to ensure a successful implementation of this technology. The objective was to explore the acceptability of overground wearable powered exoskeleton used in rehabilitation among people with SCI. Methods: Fourteen individuals with SCI (9 men, mean [SD] age 47 years [14.8], a majority with traumatic and thoracic lesion (T6–T12)) who had utilized an exoskeleton in Canada or in France during their rehabilitation participated in a semi-structured interview. A thematic analysis using the theoretical framework of acceptability was carried out. Results: Participants were motivated to use an exoskeleton during their rehabilitation. They reported several perceived benefits to its use, including better walking pattern, increased endurance, and greater muscle mass. They also experienced mild pain, notable concentration demands, and fatigue. Most participants reported that using exoskeletons in their rehabilitation process was appropriate and relevant to them. Conclusions: Exoskeletons are generally well accepted by participants in this study. Adjustments in their use, such as conducting training sessions in obstacle-free environment and technological improvements to address the device’s restrictive characteristics, heaviness, and massiveness are however still needed.

Published
2025
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5. Social Participation and Perceived Quality of Environment of Adults with Disabilities

Author

Alice Pellichero, Maud Nezan, Marie-Eve Lamontagne, François Routhier, Willy Allègre, and Myriam Le Goff-Pronost

Subjects
social participation, social integration, environment, motor disability, mental health, sensory disability, Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities, HD7255-7256
Abstract

Background: Social participation is a fundamental right; however, restrictions often arise due to environmental barriers, both physical and social. The ‘Handicap Innovation Territoire’ (HIT) project aims to enhance social participation for individuals with disabilities living in Brittany, France. To gain insight into the desired areas of intervention and evaluate the HIT project, an initial experiment was conducted to assess the level of social participation and perceived environmental quality among people with disabilities. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was performed, utilizing the Assessment of Life Habits (LIFE-H) and Measure of the Quality of the Environment (MQE). Results: Twenty-five individuals with disabilities, with an average age of 46.0 ± 23.6 years, were recruited. The results indicated an overall high level of social participation, while work, education, and leisure showed participation restrictions. The MQE scores revealed variations in the environmental perception across disability groups concerning work environment (p = 0.035), stores and services (p = 0.014), health care services (p = 0.006), education (p = 0.043), access to radio and television (p = 0.002), road accessibility (p = 0.003), and time allowed for tasks (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study identified factors that influence social participation among individuals with disabilities living in Brittany, and highlighted the actions implemented within the HIT project to address the challenges related to social participation.

Published
2023
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6. A Collaborative Workflow for Computer-Aided Design in Ambient Assisted Living: The ASIM Project

Author

Willy Allegre, Laurent Augu, Pascal Berruet, Nicolas Ferry, Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Knowledge management, Process management, Process (engineering), Computer science, Science, Control (management), Population, Context (language use), [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], Artificial Intelligence, Home automation, model-driven engineering, [INFO.INFO-SY]Computer Science [cs]/Systems and Control [cs.SY], [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], education, ageing care telehealth services, computer.programming_language, education.field_of_study, ambient assisted living, business.industry, QA75.5-76.95, smart medical home, modeldriven engineering, Workflow, Electronic computers. Computer science, E-Health, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Model-driven architecture, User interface, business, computer, Software, Information Systems
Abstract

In 2014, the worldwide context is that the population is increasingly both expanding and aging in industrial countries. In contrast, the personal health levels of individuals could decrease. Although retirement homes and health-care centers assume most of the demand, they will most probably overflow in the next few years. One of the current solutions is e-Health, which involves biomedical monitoring but also home automation functions to compensate for disabilities that tend to increase with age. In this context, several domains have to be merged while respecting the entire ecosystem: the users, their needs and environment, but also all the various actors/experts involved in this process. The issue, however, is that enormous effort is required to combine the multiple expert domains because these can be antinomic. Hence, this paper proposes a collaborative workflow that brings together these different actors and generates the control/command application. Applying model-driven engineering, this workflow makes a clear distinction between people’s health requirements, the home automation functions, and the user interface points of view. Thus, it allows experts in each field to adapt their system in terms of the user’s needs, disability, and health state.

Published
2015
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7. A non-intrusive context-aware system for ambient assisted living in smart home

Author

Jean-Yves Antoine, Willy Allegre, Jean-Paul Departe, Thomas Burger, Pascal Berruet, Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (UMR 3192) (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale et Appliquée de Tours (LIFAT), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL)

Subjects
Focus (computing), Computer science, business.industry, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Ontology (information science), Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, World Wide Web, Home automation, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Semantic analysis (knowledge representation), Context awareness, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Inference engine, business, Semantic Web, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; Automation of smart home for ambient assisted living is cur- rently based on a widespread use of sensors. As e cient as it seems to be, this solution can sometimes be problematic when one focus on user acceptability intimately related to cost and intrusivity. In this paper, we propose a context-aware system based on the semantic analysis of each user request at runtime. Our goal is to infer user data usually sensored by using advanced semantic web tools to adapt home automation services to people with special needs. To take up this challenge, an ontology, automatically derived from a model-driven process, rstly de nes user-system interactions. Then, the use of rules allows an inference engine to deduce user location and intention leading to adapted service delivery.

Published
2013
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8. Model-Driven Flow for Assistive Home Automation System Design

Author

Willy Allegre, Thomas Burger, Pascal Berruet, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (UMR 3192) (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Control (management), Intelligent decision support system, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Work (electrical), Home automation, Human–computer interaction, Component (UML), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Systems architecture, Code generation, Model-driven architecture, business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, computer.programming_language
Abstract

International audience; People with disabilities sometimes have considerable diffculties, or even physical incapacities, performing daily tasks independently. Many research works have introduced home automation as a useful way to overcome these activity limitations. However, very few of these accomplishments have focused on the design of intelligent systems which would allow nonexperts to model and to adapt a home automation environment for the disabled. This design work is currently restricted to technicians, rather than occupational therapists or others who are able to best understand the needs of those with mobility or cognitive impairments. To take up these challenges, this paper proposes a design ow including a component approach for modeling system architecture and a range of services to meet the needs of both developers and users. Based on model driven engineering, it automates the control code generation for home automation systems.

Published
2011
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9. Non-Intrusive Context-Aware System for Ambient Assisted Living in Smart Home

Author

Willy Allegre, Thomas Burger, Jean-Yves Antoine, Pascal Berruet, Jean-Paul Departe, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (UMR 3192) (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electronique du Centre Mutualiste de Rééducation et de Réadaptation Fonctionnelles de Kerpape (CMRRF Kerpape), Centre Mutualiste de Rééducation et de Réadaptation Fonctionnelles de Kerpape, CRMMF Kerpape, Centre Mutualiste de Rééducation et de Réadaptation Fonctionnelles de Kerpape-Centre Mutualiste de Rééducation et de Réadaptation Fonctionnelles de Kerpape, and Antoine, Jean-Yves

Subjects
Smart Home, Context-Awareness, Ontologies, Ambient Assisted Living, Home Automation Services, Model-Driven Engineering, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], [INFO.INFO-HC] Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC]
Abstract

International audience; Automation of smart home for ambient assisted living is currently based on a widespread use of sensors. As e cient as it seems to be, this solution can sometimes be problematic when one focus on user acceptability intimately related to cost and intrusivity. In this paper, we propose a context-aware system based on the semantic analysis of each user request at runtime. Our goal is to infer user data usually sensored by using advanced semantic web tools to adapt home automation services to people with special needs. To take up this challenge, an ontology, automatically derived from a model-driven process, rstly de nes user-system interactions. Then, the use of rules allows an inference engine to deduce user location and intention leading to adapted service delivery.

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