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17. Short Bowel Syndrome

Author

Byrne, Theresa, primary, Cox, Suzanne, additional, Karimbakas, Maria, additional, and Wilmore, Douglas W., additional

Published
2004
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20. Contributors

Author

Abbott, William M., primary, Abcouwer, Steve F., additional, Adzick, N. Scott, additional, Ahn, Samuel S., additional, Allison, David C., additional, Ames, J.B., additional, Amos, Keith D., additional, Anderson, Robert W., additional, Arbeit, Jeffrey M., additional, Archer, Sonia Y., additional, Ash, Arlene S., additional, Ashley, Stanley W., additional, Atala, Anthony, additional, Ayala, Alfred, additional, Bacchetta, Matthew D., additional, Balch, Charles M., additional, Banerjee, Anirban, additional, Barbul, Adrian, additional, Barie, Philip S., additional, Barker, Clyde F., additional, Barkun, Jeffrey S., additional, Barrow, Robert E., additional, Bear, Harry D., additional, Berman, Russell S., additional, Biffl, Walter L., additional, Billiar, Timothy R., additional, Birkmeyer, John D., additional, Buchman, Timothy G., additional, Bulger, Eileen M., additional, Cairns, Charles B., additional, Calkins, Casey, additional, Cance, William G., additional, Chaudry, Irshad H., additional, Chin, Cynthia S., additional, Chin, Gyu S., additional, Clowes, Alexander W., additional, Colletti, Lisa, additional, Collins, Joy L., additional, Conway, Suzy, additional, Cothren, Clay, additional, Crisera, Christopher A., additional, Cullen, Joseph J., additional, Curreri, P. William, additional, Cusack, James C., additional, De Filippo, Roger E., additional, Deitch, Edwin A., additional, Dellinger, E. Patchen, additional, Demetriou, Achilles A., additional, Drebin, Jeffrey A., additional, Eachempati, Soumitra R., additional, Eberlein, Timothy J., additional, Efron, David T., additional, Ehrlich, Nancy R., additional, Eisenbraun, Theresa L., additional, Ellis, Lee M., additional, Eton, Darwin, additional, Evers, B. Mark, additional, Feldman, Liane, additional, Fink, Mitchell P., additional, Fins, Joseph J., additional, Fischer, David R., additional, Fischer, Josef E., additional, Flake, Alan W., additional, Forsythe, Raquel M., additional, Freeman, Bradley D., additional, Gamboni-Robertson, Fabia, additional, Garrison, R. Neal, additional, Garvey, James, additional, Gasser, M., additional, Gertler, Jonathan, additional, Getselman, Anna, additional, Gittes, George K., additional, Goldblatt, Matthew I., additional, Gorman, Paul J., additional, Green, Douglas W., additional, Greenhalgh, David G., additional, Hannig, Jurgen, additional, Harken, Alden H., additional, Hasselgren, Per-Olof, additional, Heimbach, Julie, additional, Henke, Peter K., additional, Herndon, David N., additional, Hill, Graham L., additional, Hodin, Richard A., additional, Horn, Susan D., additional, Iezzoni, Lisa I., additional, Inderbitzen, Daniel, additional, Ivanova, Svetlana, additional, Jacobs, Danny O., additional, Jones, Daniel B., additional, Kagarise, Mary Jane, additional, Kauffman, Gordon L., additional, Kenagy, Richard D., additional, Kennedy, Gregory D., additional, Killion, Jerald J., additional, Kirschner, Denise E., additional, Krummel, Thomas M., additional, Krupnick, Alexander Sasha, additional, Laskowski, I.L., additional, Lasley, Robert D., additional, Lauterbach, Stephen R., additional, Lawson, Jeffrey H., additional, Lee, Raphael C., additional, Lee-Parritz, David, additional, Linehan, David C., additional, Liu, Jean Y., additional, Longaker, Michael T., additional, Lucey, Charles, additional, Macdonald, Nancy R., additional, Maier, Ronald V., additional, Maldonado, Thomas S., additional, Marshall, John C., additional, Matsuda, Takeaki, additional, Matthews, Jeffrey B., additional, Mauger, David T., additional, McClure, Lucretia W., additional, Meakins, Jonathan L., additional, Meier, Andreas H., additional, Mentzer, Robert M., additional, Meyer, Tanya K., additional, Minter, Rebecca M., additional, Moldawer, Lyle L., additional, Moore, Ernest E., additional, Most, Daniel, additional, Mulford, Caren M., additional, Mulholland, Michael W., additional, Murphy, Joseph, additional, Musters, Rene J.P., additional, Mustoe, Thomas A., additional, Myers, Daniel D., additional, Nakeeb, Attila, additional, Nathens, Avery B., additional, Nestor, Andrea L., additional, Niederhuber, John E., additional, O'Rourke, Keith, additional, Orloff, Marshall J., additional, Otterson, Mary F., additional, Patterson, Wayne R., additional, Pawlik, Timothy M., additional, Pitt, Henry A., additional, Plank, Lindsay D., additional, Pritts, Timothy A., additional, Reed, R. Lawrence, additional, Rege, Robert V., additional, Rhodes, Robert S., additional, Rice, Henry E., additional, Riegler, Martin, additional, Ro, Kyung M., additional, Robinson, Thomas N., additional, Rombeau, John L., additional, Rosen, Joseph M., additional, Rotstein, Ori D., additional, Rozga, Jacek, additional, Sambol, Justin T., additional, Sarr, Michael G., additional, Saulis, Alexandrina, additional, Schuerman, Mary C., additional, Schwacha, Martin G., additional, Scott, Patrica M., additional, Sheiner, Patricia A., additional, Sheldon, George F., additional, Shwartz, Michael, additional, Simms, H. Hank, additional, Simpson, Marcus K., additional, Smith, Clay, additional, Somers, Scott D., additional, Souba, Wiley W., additional, Spain, David A., additional, Spector, Jason A., additional, Steer, Michael L., additional, Stevens, Bruce R., additional, Storms, Robert W., additional, Tanabe, Kenneth K., additional, Thompson, James C., additional, Tilney, N.L., additional, Traber, Daniel L., additional, Tracey, Kevin J., additional, Turnage, Richard H., additional, Turner, A. Simon, additional, Vary, Thomas C., additional, Vlahakes, Gus J., additional, Vodovotz, Yoram, additional, Wakefield, Thomas W., additional, Wang, Ping, additional, Warden, Glenn D., additional, Warner, Brad W., additional, Warren, Stephen M., additional, Watters, James M., additional, Weigel, Ronald J., additional, Wessels, Frank J., additional, Whang, Edward E., additional, Whitley, D., additional, Willey, James, additional, Wilmore, Douglas W., additional, Wolfe, Robert R., additional, Wrobleski, Shirley K., additional, Yang, George P., additional, Yeh, Heidi, additional, Zehnbauer, Barbara A., additional, and Ziegler, Moritz M., additional

Published
2001
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22. Preface

Author

Souba, Wiley W., primary and Wilmore, Douglas W., additional

Published
2001
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24. Chronic central nervous system exposure to interleukin-1beta causes catabolism in the rat

Author

Hill, Andrew G., Jacobson, Lauren, Gonzalez, Jorge, Rounds, Jan, Majzoub, Joseph A., and Wilmore, Douglas W.

Subjects
Central nervous system -- Physiological aspects, Interleukin-1 -- Physiological aspects, Rats -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The effect of interleukin (IL)-1beta on metabolism was investigated in the rat. Rats were given an intracerebroventricular infusion of IL-1 or IL-6 and were monitored for nitrogen balance, plasma chemistry and carcass properties. IL-1 caused negative nitrogen balance, weight loss, and anorexia. Clamping plasma corticosterone on the response to IL-1 had no effect on IL-1 induced weight loss and nitrogen loss. These results suggest that IL-1 leads to catabolism in the rat.

Published
1996

27. A cost-evaluation of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition in adult bone marrow transplant patients

Author

MacBurney, Maureen, Young, Lorraine See, Ziegler, Thomas R., and Wilmore, Douglas W.

Subjects
Parenteral feeding -- Health aspects, Parenteral therapy -- Health aspects, Glutamine -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health aspects
Abstract

Basic and clinical nutrition research during the past 20 years has led to the development of enteral and parenteral nutrient formulations that may be used safely in clinical care. As [...]

Published
1994

33. Catabolic illness: strategies for enhancing recovery

Author

Wilmore, Douglas W.

Subjects
Omega-3 fatty acids -- Health aspects, Artificial feeding -- Health aspects, Amino acids in human nutrition -- Health aspects, Chronic diseases -- Health aspects, Metabolism -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

Infection and injury often cause rapid weight loss, but it is usually self-limited and inconsequential. However, a prolonged illness resulting in nutritional depletion may depress the immune system, increasing the likelihood of contracting a hospital-borne (nosocomial) infection and causing delayed wound healing and tissue repair. Loss of strength may cause serious problems in patients who are to be weaned from mechanical ventilators, or lead to thrombophlebitis (inflammation and the formation of a blood clot in a vein) and potentially fatal pulmonary embolism (clotted tissue that travels in the circulation and lodges in a lung). At a minimum, self-care is difficult in these patients, convalescence is prolonged, and recovery is delayed. The ill effects of nutritional depletion, especially those associated with catabolism (a metabolic process that converts complex substances into simpler ones, creating energy) are discussed in detail. Catabolism can be modified by altering the nutritional support of patients according to changes wrought by catabolic diseases. Among the amino acids depleted by catabolic illnesses are glutamine, arginine and branched chain amino acids; these substances and certain fats can be added to the diet. Omega-3 fatty acids, uncommon in Western diets, are recommended for patients with such illnesses. Recombinant forms of growth factors that enhance protein synthesis and facilitate tissue repair may also be beneficial to recovery. The optimal combination of therapies for specific diseases and types of injuries needs to be determined. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

34. Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid?

Author

Lacey, Janet M. and Wilmore, Douglas W.

Subjects
Glutamine -- Health aspects, Amino acids -- Physiological aspects, Amino acids in nutrition -- Research, Food/cooking/nutrition
Published
1990

45. Use of growth hormone for postoperative respiratory failure

Author

Knox, James B., Wilmore, Douglas W., Demling, Robert H., Sarraf, Pasha, and Santos, Alfred A.

Subjects
Somatotropin -- Health aspects, Ventilator weaning -- Methods, Postoperative period -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The authors examined the efficacy of human growth hormone (HGH) in patients dependent on mechanical ventilation who were being weaned from the respirator. METHODS: A total of 53 patients were chosen by the primary surgical team in consultation with the critical care service to undergo HGH therapy. These patients had been receiving standard ICU support and had failed standard ventilator weaning protocols. As such, they were treated with HGH in an attempt to increase respiratory muscle strength and facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: General demographic information was recorded. Patients suffered from a high incidence of co-morbid conditions and infectious complications. The average duration of HGH therapy was 38 days, and 81 % of the previously unwearable patients were eventually weaned from mechanical ventilation with an overall survival of 76%. Mortality as predicted by APACHE II Scores was significantly less than actual mortality (24% actual mortality vs. 42% predicted mortality, P

Published
1996

49. Safety of glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrient solutions in humans

Author

Lowe, Daniel K., Benfell, Kathleen, Smith, Robert J., Jacobs, Danny O., Murawski, Benjamin, Ziegler, Thomas R., and Wilmore, Douglas W.

Subjects
Parenteral feeding -- Health aspects, Intravenous therapy -- Evaluation, Glutamine -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Glutamine is a nonessential amino acid that acts as a nitrogen source for many biosynthetic pathways. In animal studies, glutamine has been shown to aid in intestinal mucosal growth, reduce gastrointestinal toxicity after chemotherapy, prevent atrophy (shrinkage) of the pancreas, and reduce the development of fatty liver associated with intravenous feeding. Therefore, glutamine-enriched solutions may be useful in the parenteral (intravenous) feeding of patients. The safety of glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrition was evaluated in seven volunteers who received infusions of parenteral nutrients containing glutamine (20 and 40 grams per day) for six days. Plasma glutamine levels increased during the glutamine diet therapy. However, blood levels of ammonia and glutamate, toxic metabolites of glutamine, were not significantly increased following glutamine-enriched parenteral feeding. Serum enzyme levels, indicative of normal liver and kidney function, were not altered by the glutamine diet. Blood concentrations of insulin, growth hormone, glucagon and cortisol remained within the normal range. The results suggest that glutamine-enriched parenteral solutions, at 40 grams of glutamine daily, are safe and nontoxic when provided in a five-day therapy program. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

50. Testicular effects of tumor necrosis factor

Author

Mealy, Kenneth, Robinson, Bruce, Millette, Clarke F., Majzoub, Joseph, and Wilmore, Douglas W.

Subjects
Testis -- Physiological aspects, Tumor necrosis factor -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Physical stress is known to stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; however, stress also affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This process decreases plasma testosterone (male hormone); this may occur after immobilization stress, such as general surgery or serious burn injury. Many of the events that occur during illness are the result of cytokines, inflammatory mediators produced by various cells and activated white cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine that mediates septicemia and causes stimulation of the HPA axis. It has been shown that TNF affects testicular structure and function, in particular atrophy, or wasting, of the testes. TNF decreases the testosterone circulating in the blood and causes disruption of the germ cell (a sexual reproductive cell) epithelium. The effect of TNF on 80 rats was studied in order to determine the effect on testicular function. It was found that weight of the testicle decreased within 24 hours of continuous infusion of TNF. Along with this there was a drop in testosterone circulating in the blood. The changes continued for six days; this indicated a loss of testosterone-mediated negative feedback on release of gonadotropin, a hormone that stimulates the function of the testes. It is suggested that TNF interfered with Leydig cell function, the cells of the tissue of the testes that secrete testosterone. Testicular cell damage may be a direct effect of TNF. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

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