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3. Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With Lower Quadriceps Cross-sectional Area and Attenuation in Older Adults.

Author

Marques, Elisa A, Elbejjani, Martine, Frank-Wilson, Andrew W, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Sigurdsson, Gunnar, Lang, Thomas F, Jonsson, Palmi V, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, Aspelund, Thor, Siggeirsdottir, Kristin, Launer, Lenore, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, and Harris, Tamara B

Subjects
Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Prevention, Clinical Research, Aging, Musculoskeletal, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cigarette Smoking, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal, Prospective Studies, Quadriceps Muscle, Smokers, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Marketing, Public Health
Abstract

IntroductionIn addition to well-established links with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, cigarette smoking may affect skeletal muscle; however, associations with quadriceps atrophy, density, and function are unknown. This study explored the associations of current and former smoking with quadriceps muscle area and attenuation as well as muscle force (assessed as knee extension peak torque) and rate of torque development-a measure of muscle power in older adults.MethodsData from 4469 older adults, aged 66-95 years at baseline in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study with measurements of thigh computed tomography, isometric knee extension testing, self-reported smoking history, and potential covariates were analyzed.ResultsSex differences were observed in these data; therefore, our final analyses are stratified by sex. In men, both former smokers and current smokers had lower muscle area (with β= -0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.17 to -0.03 and β = -0.19, 95% CI = -0.33 to -0.05, respectively) and lower muscle attenuation (ie, higher fat infiltration, β = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.16 to -0.01 and β = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.34 to -0.01, respectively) when compared with never smokers. Smoking status was not associated with male peak torque or rate of torque development. In women, current smoking was associated with lower muscle attenuation (β = -0.24, 95% CI = -0.34 to -0.13) compared to never smoking. Among female smokers (current and former), muscle attenuation and peak torque were lower with increasing pack-years.ConclusionsResults suggest that cigarette smoking is related to multiple muscle properties at older age and that these relationships may be different among men and women.ImplicationsThis article presents novel data, as it examined for the first time the relationship between smoking and computed tomography-derived quadriceps muscle size (cross-sectional area) and attenuation. This study suggests that current cigarette smoking is related to higher muscle fat infiltration, which may have significant health implications for the older population, because of its known association with poor physical function, falls, and hip fractures.

Published
2020

4. Reimagining the Path of an Unmatched Orthopaedic Residency Application: A Survey of Program Directors

Author

Bryant, Stewart A., Jardaly, Achraf H., Ponce, Brent A., Guthrie, S. Trent, Slone, Harris, Bruce, Jeremy R., Wilson, Andrew W., White, Charles Cody, Razi, Afshin, Aiyer, Amiethab, Sobel, Andrew, Krishnamurthy, Anil B., Rogerson, Ashley, Jackson, Benjamin, Cone, Brent M., Scannell, Brian, Wentz, Brock T., Paulino, Carl, Lin, Carol, Gatt, Charles J., Pasque, Charles, Eberson, Craig, Wongworawat, Daniel, LaPorte, Dawn, Ode, Gabriella, Dyer, George, Vrabec, Gregory A., Grabowski, Gregory, Vrabec, Gregory, Badkoobehi, Haleh, Purtill, James, Brooks, Jayson, Klena, Joel, Andrawis, John, Sewards, Joseph M., Weistroffer, Joseph, Patt, Joshua, Wright-Chisem, Joshua, Hicks, Justin J., Beebe, Kathleen S., Leitch, Kellie, Gundle, Kenneth, Templeton, Kimberly, Geaney, Lauren E., Leddy, Lee, Yakkanti, Madhusudhan, Schenker, Mara, Mulcahey, Mary K., Beal, Matthew D., Kfuri, Mauricio, Harrington, Mel, Johnson, Michael D., Hartman, Michael, Kogan, Monica, Turner, Norman, Osborn, Patrick, Dougherty, Paul, Tornetta, Paul, White, Peter, Rajani, Rajiv, Cohn, Randy, Decker, Robert C., Muchow, Ryan D., Fitzgerald, Ryan, Ames, S. Elizabeth, Mehta, Samir, Porter, Scott E., Poon, Selina, Gilbert, Shawn, Balach, Tessa, Scharschmidt, Thomas, Payne, William K., Levine, William N., and Khalafallah, Youssef M.

Published
2023
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6. Associations Between Lean Mass, Muscle Strength and Power, and Skeletal Size, Density and Strength in Older Men

Author

Chalhoub, Didier, Boudreau, Robert, Greenspan, Susan, Newman, Anne B, Zmuda, Joseph, Frank‐Wilson, Andrew W, Nagaraj, Nayana, Hoffman, Andrew R, Lane, Nancy E, Stefanick, Marcia L, Barrett‐Connor, Elizabeth, Dam, Tien, Cawthon, Peggy M, Orwoll, Eric S, Cauley, Jane A, and Group, for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Research

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Osteoporosis, Aging, Musculoskeletal, Aged, Biomechanical Phenomena, Bone Density, Bone and Bones, Cohort Studies, Femur Neck, Hand Strength, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Muscle Strength, Radius, Thinness, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, AGING, BONE QCT, mu CT, ANALYSIS, QUANTITATION OF BONE, SKELETAL MUSCLE, BONE-MUSCLE INTERACTIONS, SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BONE INTERACTORS, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group, ANALYSIS/QUANTITATION OF BONE, BONE QCT/µCT, Biological Sciences, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Anatomy & Morphology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Studies examining the relationship between muscle parameters and bone strength have not included multiple muscle measurements and/or both central and peripheral skeletal parameters. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lean mass, muscle strength and power, and skeletal size, bone density, and bone strength. We studied the association between appendicular lean mass (ALM), grip strength, and leg power, and central quantitative computed tomography (QCT) parameters in 2857 men aged 65 years or older; peripheral QCT was available on a subset (n = 786). ALM, grip strength, and leg power were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), Jamar dynamometer, and the Nottingham Power Rig, respectively. Multivariable models adjusting for potential confounders including age, race, study site, BMI, and muscle measurements were developed and least squares means were generated from linear regression models. For the multivariable model, percent differences of bone parameters between lowest (Q1) and highest quartiles (Q4) of ALM, grip strength, and leg power were reported. ALM was significantly associated with central and peripheral QCT parameters: percent higher values (Q4 versus Q1) ranging from 3.3% (cortical volumetric bone mineral density [vBMD] of the femoral neck) to 31% (vertebral strength index of the spine). Grip strength was only significantly associated with radial parameters: percent higher values (Q4 versus Q1) ranging from 2.5% (periosteal circumference) to 7.5% (33% axial strength index [SSIx]). Leg power was associated with vertebral strength and lower cross-sectional area with percent lower values (Q4 versus Q1) of -11.9% and -2.7%, respectively. In older men, stronger associations were observed for ALM compared to muscle strength and power. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the relationship between independent changes in muscle measurements and skeletal size, density and strength. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Published
2018

8. Overview of Phylogenetic Approaches to Mycorrhizal Biogeography, Diversity and Evolution

Author

Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago, Wilson, Andrew W., Ryberg, Martin, Caldwell, Martyn M., Series editor, Díaz, Sandra, Series editor, Heldmaier, Gerhard, Series editor, Jackson, Robert B., Series editor, Lange, Otto L., Series editor, Levia, Delphis F., Series editor, Mooney, Harold A., Series editor, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Series editor, Sommer, Ulrich, Series editor, and Tedersoo, Leho, editor

Published
2017
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9. Biogeography of the Ectomycorrhizal Mushroom Genus Laccaria

Author

Wilson, Andrew W., May, Tom W., Mueller, Gregory M., Caldwell, Martyn M., Series editor, Díaz, Sandra, Series editor, Heldmaier, Gerhard, Series editor, Jackson, Robert B., Series editor, Lange, Otto L., Series editor, Levia, Delphis F., Series editor, Mooney, Harold A., Series editor, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Series editor, Sommer, Ulrich, Series editor, and Tedersoo, Leho, editor

Published
2017
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12. Does One Size Fit All? Variations in the DNA Barcode Gaps of Macrofungal Genera

Author

Wilson, Andrew W., primary, Eberhardt, Ursula, additional, Nguyen, Nhu, additional, Noffsinger, Chance R., additional, Swenie, Rachel A., additional, Loucks, Justin L., additional, Perry, Brian A., additional, Herrera, Mariana, additional, Osmundson, Todd W., additional, DeLong-Duhon, Sarah, additional, Beker, Henry J., additional, and Mueller, Gregory M., additional

Published
2023
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25. Host Shift Speciation of the Ectomycorrhizal Genus Suillus (Suillineae, Boletales) and Biogeographic Comparison With Its Host Pinaceae

Author

Zhang, Rui, Shi, Xiao-fei, Liu, Pei-gui, Wilson, Andrew W., and Mueller, Gregory M.

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Microbiology
Abstract

Suillus is a genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated almost exclusively with Pinaceae. Lack of sample collections in East Asia and unresolved basal phylogenetic relationships of the genus are the major obstacles for better understanding the Suillus evolution. A resolved phylogeny of Suillus representing global diversity was achieved by sequencing multiple nuclear ribosomal and protein coding genes and extensive samples collected in East Asia. Fungal fossils are extremely rare, and the Eocene ectomycorrhizal symbiosis (ECM) fossil of Pinus root has been widely used for calibration. This study explored an alternative calibration scenario of the ECM fossil for controversy. Ancestral host associations of Suillus were estimated by maximum likelihood and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analyses, inferred from current host information from root tips and field observation. Host shift speciation explains the diversification of Suillus major clades. The three basal subgenera of Suillus were inferred to be associated with Larix, and diverged in early Eocene or Upper Cretaceous. In the early Oligocene or Paleocene, subgenus Suillus diverged and switched host to Pinus subgenus Strobus, and then switched to subgenus Pinus four times. Suillus subgenus Douglasii switched host from Larix to Pseudotsuga in Oligocene or Eocene. Increased species diversity occurred in subgenus Suillus after it switched host to Pinus but no associated speciation rate shifts were detected. Ancestral biogeographic distributions of Suillus and Pinaceae were estimated under the Dispersal Extinction Cladogenesis (DEC) model. Ancestral distribution patterns of Suillus and Pinaceae are related but generally discordant. Dispersals between Eurasia and North America explain the prevalence of disjunct Suillus taxa.

Published
2022

34. Intraoperative Methadone Reduces Postoperative Opioid Requirements in Nuss Procedure for Pectus Excavatum

Author

Froehling, Nadia M., Martin, James A., Miles, M. Victoria P., Wilson, Andrew W., Byers, Brynn, LeMaster, David, Salazar, Óscar, Bhattacharya, S. Dave, and Smith, Lisa A.

Abstract

Introduction Surgical correction of pectus excavatum by Nuss procedure, commonly referred to as minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE), often results in significant postoperative pain. This study investigated whether adding intraoperative methadone would reduce the postoperative opioid requirement during admission for patients undergoing MIRPE.Methods A retrospective cohort chart review was conducted for 40 MIRPE patients between 2018 and 2020. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: those who received multimodal anesthesia (MM, n = 20) and those who received multimodal anesthesia with the addition of intraoperative methadone (MM + M, n = 20). Data collected included total opioid consumption during hospital stay (morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]), hospital length of stay (LOS), pain scores, time to ambulation, and time to tolerating solid food.Results Addition of intraoperative methadone for patients undergoing MIRPE significantly reduced postoperative opioid requirements (MME/kg) during admission (P= .007). On average, patients in the MM group received 1.61 ± .55 MME/kg while patients in the MM + M group received 1.16 ± .44 MME/kg. Hospital opioid (non-methadone) total was also significantly reduced between the MM (1.87 ± .54) and MM + M group (1.37 ± .46), P= .003. There was no significant difference in hospital opioid total MME/kg administered between the groups. There were no significant differences observed in hospital LOS, pain scores, time to ambulation, or time to toleration of solid food.Discussion Incorporating intraoperative methadone for patients undergoing MIRPE reduced postoperative opioid requirements and hospital opioid (non-methadone) totals without a significant change in pain scores. Patients undergoing the Nuss procedure may benefit from the administration of intraoperative methadone.

Published
2023
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37. The ectomycorrhizal status of Calostoma cinnabarinum determined using isotopic, molecular, and morphological methods

Author

Wilson, Andrew W., Hobbie, Erik A., and Hibbett, David S.

Subjects
Basidiomycota -- Food and nutrition -- Natural history -- Chemical properties, Saprophytes -- Food and nutrition -- Natural history -- Chemical properties, Biological sciences
Abstract

Abstract: Calostoma cinnabarinum Corda belongs to the suborder Sclerodermatineae (Boletales), which includes many well-known ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes, but the genus Calostoma has been described as saprotrophic. This study combines isotopic, molecular, [...]

Published
2007

38. Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny

Author

James, Timothy Y., Kauff, Frank, Schoch, Conrad L., Matheny, P. Brandon, Hofstetter, Valerie, Cox, Cymon J., Celio, Gail, Gueidan, Cecile, Fraker, Emily, Miadlikowska, Jolanta, Lumbsch, H. Thorsten, Rauhut, Alexandra, Reeb, Valerie, Arnold, A. Elizabeth, Amtoft, Anja, Stajich, Jason E., Hosaka, Kentaro, Sung, Gi-Ho, Johnson, Desiree, O'Rourke, Ben, Crockett, Michael, Binder, Manfred, Curtis, Judd M., Slot, Jason C., Wang, Zheng, Wilson, Andrew W., Schußler, Arthur, Longcore, Joyce E., O'Donnell, Kerry, Mozley-Standridge, Sharon, Porter, David, Letcher, Peter M., Powell, Martha J., Taylor, John W., White, Merlin M., Griffith, Gareth W., Davies, David R., Humber, Richard A., Morton, Joseph B., Sugiyama, Junta, Rossman, Amy Y., Rogers, Jack D., Pfister, Don H., Hewitt, David, Hansen, Karen, Hambleton, Sarah, Shoemaker, Robert A., Kohlmeyer, Jan, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte, Spotts, Robert A., Serdani, Maryna, Crous, Pedro W., Hughes, Karen W., Matsuura, Kenji, Langer, Ewald, Langer, Gitta, Untereiner, Wendy A., Lucking, Robert, Budel, Burkhard, Geiser, David M., Aptroot, Andre, Diederich, Paul, Schmitt, Imke, Schultz, Matthias, Yahr, Rebecca, Hibbett, David S., Lutzoni, Francois, McLaughlin, David J., Spatafora, Joseph W., and Vilgalys, Rytas

Abstract

Author(s): Timothy Y. James (corresponding author) [1]; Frank Kauff [1]; Conrad L. Schoch [2, 36]; P. Brandon Matheny [3, 36]; Valérie Hofstetter [1, 36]; Cymon J. Cox [1, 37]; Gail [...]

Published
2006
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41. Addressing the diversity of Xylodon raduloides complex through integrative taxonomy

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fundación Endesa, Fundación San Ignacio del Huinay, Martín, María P. [0000-0002-1235-4418], Fernández-López, Javier, Telleria, M. T., Dueñas, Margarita, Wilson, Andrew W, Padamsee, Mahajabeen, Buchanan, Peter K, Mueller, Gregory M, Martín, María P., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fundación Endesa, Fundación San Ignacio del Huinay, Martín, María P. [0000-0002-1235-4418], Fernández-López, Javier, Telleria, M. T., Dueñas, Margarita, Wilson, Andrew W, Padamsee, Mahajabeen, Buchanan, Peter K, Mueller, Gregory M, and Martín, María P.

Abstract

In this study, the taxonomic diversity of the Xylodon raduloides species complex (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) is examined. Specimens were studied using an integrative taxonomic approach that includes molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, and environmental niche comparisons. Four different species were found inside the Xylodon raduloides complex, with a biogeographic distribution pattern bound by geographic regions: Europe, North America, Patagonia, and Australia–New Zealand. Molecular, morphological, and environmental evidences delimit two lineages within this complex: a Northern Hemisphere clade with longer basidiospores and wider ranges in temperature and precipitation tolerance, and a Southern Hemisphere clade with smaller and more spherical basidiospores, and an isothermal and more humid climate preference. The integrative taxonomic approach used in this study demonstrates congruence between data sets and shows how morphological and environmental characteristics contribute to the differentiation of fungal species complexes. By combining various sources of taxonomic information, three new species are described: Xylodon laurentianus, X. novozelandicus, and X. patagonicus.

Published
2019

42. Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With Lower Quadriceps Cross-sectional Area and Attenuation in Older Adults

Author

Marques, Elisa A, primary, Elbejjani, Martine, primary, Frank-Wilson, Andrew W, primary, Gudnason, Vilmundur, primary, Sigurdsson, Gunnar, primary, Lang, Thomas F, primary, Jonsson, Palmi V, primary, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, primary, Aspelund, Thor, primary, Siggeirsdottir, Kristin, primary, Launer, Lenore, primary, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, primary, and Harris, Tamara B, primary

Published
2019
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44. Periaqueductal Grey EP3 Receptors Facilitate Spinal Nociception in Arthritic Secondary Hypersensitivity

Author

Drake, Robert A R, Leith, J Lianne, Almahasneh, F, Martindale, Joanne, Wilson, Andrew W, Lumb, Bridget M, and Donaldson, Lucy F

Subjects
A-nociceptors, nervous system, Periaqueductal Grey, Descending Facilitation, Arthritis, Prostaglandins, Secondary hyperalgesia
Abstract

Descending controls on spinal nociceptive processing play a pivotal role in shaping the pain experience following tissue injury. Secondary hypersensitivity develops within undamaged tissue adjacent, and distant to, damaged sites. Spinal neuronal pools innervating regions of secondary hypersensitivity are dominated by descending facilitation that amplifies spinal inputs from un-sensitized peripheral nociceptors. Cyclooxygenase–prostaglandin E2 signaling within the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG) is pro-nociceptive in naïve and acutely inflamed animals but its contributions in more prolonged inflammation and, importantly, secondary hypersensitivity remain unknown. In naïve rats, prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3R) antagonism in vlPAG modulated noxious withdrawal reflex (EMG) thresholds to preferential C-, but not A-, nociceptor activation, and raised thermal withdrawal thresholds in awake animals. In rats with inflammatory arthritis, secondary mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity of the hind-paw developed, and this was associated with spinal sensitization to Anociceptor inputs alone. In arthritic rats, blockade of vlPAG EP3R raised EMG thresholds to C-nociceptor activation in the area of secondary hypersensitivity to a degree equivalent to that evoked by the same manipulation in naïve rats. Importantly, vlPAG EP3R blockade also affected responses to A-nociceptor activation, but only in arthritic animals. We conclude that vlPAG EP3R activity exerts an equivalent facilitation on the spinal processing of C-nociceptor inputs in naïve and arthritic animals but gains in effects on spinal A-nociceptor processing from a region of secondary hypersensitivity. Thus the spinal sensitization to A-nociceptor inputs associated with secondary hypersensitivity is likely to be, at least partly, dependent on descending prostanergic facilitation from the vlPAG.

Published
2016

49. Conflict beyond borders: The international dimensions of Nicaragua's violent twentieth-century, 1909-1990

Author

Wilson, Andrew W and Wilson, Andrew W

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to identify the importance of Nicaraguan political contests in the global twentieth century. The goal is to demonstrate that, despite its relatively small size, Nicaragua significantly influenced the course of modern history. This has been done by examining the international contestations between Nicaragua’s revolutionary and counterrevolutionary currents from Augusto Sandino’s resistance to U.S. imperialism, to the machinations of the Somoza family, and the Contra War of the 1980s. Upon examination of these events, it becomes clear that Nicaraguans on both sides of the conflict proved adept at cultivating and utilizing transnational networks of material and moral support. By analyzing these events through a transnational lens, this research demonstrates the ability of local peoples to impact global politics.

Published
2016

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