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6. Dethroning the Mao-era Elite, Clearing the Way for Reform.

Author

Chen, Hao, Wilson, Saul, Xu, Changxin Patrick, Cheng, Cheng, and Wang, Yuhua

Subjects
*REFORMS, *PERSONNEL changes, *DATABASES, *COMMUNIST parties
Abstract

The reform era began with the removal of Mao-era elites from leadership positions on a scale theretofore unseen in the People's Republic of China. Rather than depending on incentives to mobilize Mao-era cadres to support Reform and Opening, the new reform leadership brought in younger, better educated pro-reform elites. This article thus proposes a Personnel Model, in which the Communist Party brings in sympathetic cadres to implement major shifts in the Party line. Furthermore, personnel changes were first imposed on the military, then on the civilian apparatus. We show the large scale and rapid implementation of these reforms in 1982–1984 using an original database of over 60,000 cadres drawn from Organizational Histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Localized Bargaining: The Political Economy of China's High-Speed Railway Program

Author

Wilson, Saul

Subjects
Localized Bargaining: The Political Economy of China's High-Speed Railway Program (Nonfiction work) -- Ma Xiao, Books -- Book reviews, Regional focus/area studies, Social sciences
Abstract

Localized Bargaining: The Political Economy of China's High-Speed Railway Program By Ma Xiao. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. 248pp. 19.99 [pounds sterling] (paper) Localized Bargaining uses the fragmented authoritarianism framework [...]

Published
2023
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18. Spinal Cord Stimulation for Visceral Pain: Present Approaches and Future Strategies

Author

Woodroffe, Royce W, primary, Pearson, Amy C, additional, Pearlman, Amy M, additional, Howard, Matthew A, additional, Nauta, Haring J W, additional, Nagel, S J, additional, Hori, Y S, additional, Machado, Andre G, additional, Almeida Frizon, Leonardo, additional, Helland, Logan, additional, Holland, Marshall T, additional, Gillies, George T, additional, and Wilson, Saul, additional

Published
2020
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25. Accuracy of detecting enlargement of aneurysms using different MRI modalities and measurement protocols

Author

Nakagawa, Daichi, primary, Nagahama, Yasunori, additional, Policeni, Bruno A., additional, Raghavan, Madhavan L., additional, Dillard, Seth I., additional, Schumacher, Anna L., additional, Sarathy, Srivats, additional, Dlouhy, Brian J., additional, Wilson, Saul, additional, Allan, Lauren, additional, Woo, Henry H., additional, Huston, John, additional, Cloft, Harry J., additional, Wintermark, Max, additional, Torner, James C., additional, Brown, Robert D., additional, and Hasan, David M., additional

Published
2019
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27. Ovine model of neuropathic pain for assessing mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation therapy via dorsal horn recordings, von Frey filaments, and gait analysis

Author

Reddy,Chandan, Miller,John, Abode-Iyamah,Kingsley, Safayi,Sina, Wilson,Saul, Dalm,Brian, Fredericks,Douglas, Gillies,George, Howard III,Matthew A, Brennan,Timothy, Reddy,Chandan, Miller,John, Abode-Iyamah,Kingsley, Safayi,Sina, Wilson,Saul, Dalm,Brian, Fredericks,Douglas, Gillies,George, Howard III,Matthew A, and Brennan,Timothy

Abstract

Chandan G Reddy,1 John W Miller,1 Kingsley O Abode-Iyamah,1 Sina Safayi,2 Saul Wilson,1 Brian D Dalm,1 Douglas C Fredericks,3 George T Gillies,4 Matthew A Howard III,1 Timothy J Brennan5 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; 2Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; 3Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; 4Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; 5Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA Background: It is becoming increasingly important to understand the mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in alleviating neuropathic pain as novel stimulation paradigms arise. Purpose: Additionally, the small anatomic scale of current SCS animal models is a barrier to more translational research. Methods: Using chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) in sheep (ovine), we have created a chronic model of neuropathic pain that avoids motor deficits present in prior large animal models. This large animal model has allowed us to implant clinical grade SCS hardware, which enables both acute and chronic testing using von Frey filament thresholds and gait analysis. Furthermore, the larger anatomic scale of the sheep allows for simultaneous single-unit recordings from the dorsal horn and SCS with minimal electrical artifact. Results: Detectable tactile hypersensitivity occurred 21 days after nerve injury, with preliminary indications that chronic SCS may reverse it in the painful limb. Gait analysis revealed no hoof drop in the CCI model. Single neurons were identified and discriminated in the dorsal horn, and their activity was modulated via SCS. Unlike previous large animal models that employed a complete transection of the nerve, no motor deficit was observed in the sheep wi

Published
2018

29. Ovine model of neuropathic pain for assessing mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation therapy via dorsal horn recordings, von Frey filaments, and gait analysis

Author

Reddy, Chandan, primary, Miller, John, additional, Abode-Iyamah, Kingsley, additional, Safayi, Sina, additional, Wilson, Saul, additional, Dalm, Brian, additional, Fredericks, Douglas, additional, Gillies, George, additional, Howard III, Matthew A, additional, and Brennan, Timothy, additional

Published
2018
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32. Exploring urban activity patterns using electric smart meter data

Author

Carlo Ratti., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Urban Studies and Planning., Wilson, Saul Kriger, Carlo Ratti., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Urban Studies and Planning., and Wilson, Saul Kriger

Abstract

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016., This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections., Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis., Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-111)., This thesis uses electricity consumption data from household and enterprise-level smart meters in County B, Country A, and Turin, Italy, to explore temporal and geographic variations in urban energy consumption and thus urban activity. A central question is whether electricity consumption patterns vary between different economic sectors, across space, and between different days of the week and times of year. This data shows clearly that Country A activity patterns are roughly similar across all seven days of the week, whereas Italian electricity consumption declines markedly on weekends, particularly Sundays. In general, and particularly in Italy, this thesis shows strong seasonality to electricity consumption, with clearly identifiable seasons and high correlation in consumption patterns within each season. This thesis focuses on user type variation in Country A, where although certain patterns are more widespread in some sectors than others, there is significant overlap between pairs of sectors. Hence this thesis is able only to classify land use between residential and industrial sectors, and is unable to classify land use to a meaningful degree of accuracy by analyzing electricity consumption. It is, however, possible to detect geographic variation: urban and industrial centers consume a higher percentage of their electricity on weekdays and during regular work hours than rural areas. In addition, the impact of various special occurrences on urban behavior is probed. This thesis provides measurement of the impact of various holidays on economic activity, using electricity consumption as a proxy. Large (industrial) consumers are generally much more sensitive to holidays than small (residential) consumers are, except during the summer months in Italy. In general, consumption declines on a single holiday are highly correlated with consumption declines on other holidays. Furthermore, using observations at 15-minute intervals, I attempt to measure the short-term beha, by Saul Kriger Wilson., S.M.

Published
2017

34. An ovine model of spinal cord injury

Author

Wilson, Saul, primary, Abode-Iyamah, Kingsley O., additional, Miller, John W., additional, Reddy, Chandan G., additional, Safayi, Sina, additional, Fredericks, Douglas C., additional, Jeffery, Nicholas D., additional, DeVries-Watson, Nicole A., additional, Shivapour, Sara K., additional, Viljoen, Stephanus, additional, Dalm, Brian D., additional, Gibson-Corley, Katherine N., additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Gillies, George T., additional, and Howard, Matthew A., additional

Published
2016
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35. LG-12CASE SERIES OF PILOMYXOID ASTROCYTOMA

Author

Sato, Mariko, primary, Zimmerman, Jessica, additional, Buatti, John, additional, Menezes, Arnold, additional, Greenlee, Jeremy, additional, Wilson, Saul, additional, Dlouhy, Brian, additional, and O'Dorisio, Sue, additional

Published
2016
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36. Redesigning rural life : relocation and In Situ urbanization in a Shandong village by Saul Kriger Wilson.

Author

Yasheng Huang., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Humanities., Wilson, Saul Kriger, Yasheng Huang., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Humanities., and Wilson, Saul Kriger

Abstract

Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Humanities, 2014., Cataloged from PDF version of thesis., Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-75)., The Chinese government's attempts to improve village public service provision, limit the loss of arable land, and coordinate urbanization have converged in land readjustment schemes to rebuild some villages as more densely populated "rural communities." I present a case study on a financially troubled, partially complete village reconstruction project in Shandong. Villagers outside the leadership were minimally involved in project planning, and the village leadership put pressure on villagers to move. However, the pressure to move was not due to an absence of formal property rights for villagers; reluctant villagers agreed to move because they could not afford to offend the village government. I argue that architectural and urban design were central to villagers' reactions to village reconstruction and to the project's social and economic outcomes. The design of the relocation townhomes sought to engineer the urbanization of villagers' lifestyles; so far, although some aspects of village life have changed, many villagers have persisted in "rural" behaviors. This is partly because, at least in the short term, the design and urban amenities of the case village's relocation housing constitute a burden on the poor, the elderly, and the crippled. These populations, who do not like the design of the new houses, are the most likely to live in them year round; younger and wealthier villagers, who often like the new housing more, spend much of the year engaged in migrant labor. Despite apparent local control over the project, villagers did not perceive village elections as a means of resolving their concerns., S.B.

Published
2015

37. Kinematic analysis of the gait of adult sheep during treadmill locomotion: Parameter values, allowable total error, and potential for use in evaluating spinal cord injury

Author

Safayi, Sina, primary, Jeffery, Nick D., additional, Shivapour, Sara K., additional, Zamanighomi, Mahdi, additional, Zylstra, Tyler J., additional, Bratsch-Prince, Joshua, additional, Wilson, Saul, additional, Reddy, Chandan G., additional, Fredericks, Douglas C., additional, Gillies, George T., additional, and Howard, Matthew A., additional

Published
2015
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38. Inteligencia naturalista y su relación con la actitud hacia el medio ambiente en los estudiantes del 2do grado de secundaria de la I.E Wilfredo Ezequiel Ponce Chirinos

Author

Perez Sanchez, Milton, Pacheco Montalvo, Wilson Saul, and Saavedra Hoyos, Fausto

Subjects
Estudiantes de secundaria, Inteligencia naturalista, Medio ambiente, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#6.05.01 [https]
Abstract

The research aimed to determine the relationship of the naturalist intelligence to attitude toward the environment in the second grade students of secondary educational institution "Wilfredo Chirinos Ezequiel Ponce"- Yorongos. The field data was collected from 53 students through the encueta, using two data collection instruments: a naturalist intelligence scale and a scale of altitudes toward the environment. The hypothesis testing was performed by comparing the correlation coefficient with the parameters set, considering that the relationship between intelligence naturalistic attitude toward the environment is direct when the coefficient is positiva and conversely, when the coefficient is negativa. The Pearson correlation coefficient (0.89) states that there is direct relationship between the naturalist intelligence to attitude toward the environment in the second grade students of secondary educational institution 'Wilfredo Chirinos Ezequiel Ponce" - Yorongos. La investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la relación de la inteligencia naturalista con la actitud hacia el medio ambiente en los estudiantes del segundo grado de educación secundaria de la institución educativa "Wilfredo Ezequiel Ponce Chirinos"- Yorongos. La información de campo fue recolectada de 53 estudiantes, a través de la encueta, utilizando dos instrumentos de recolección de datos: Una escala de inteligencia naturalista y una escala de actitudes hacia el medio ambiente. La contrastación de hipótesis fue realizada mediante la comparación del coeficiente de correlación con los parámetros establecidos, considerando que la relación entre la inteligencia naturalista con la actitud hacia el médio ambiente es directa cuando el coeficiente es positivo y es inversa, cuando el coeficiente es negativo. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (0,89) señala que existe relación directa entre la inteligencia naturalista con la actitud hacia el medio ambiente en los estudiantes del segundo grado de educación secundaria de la institución educativa "Wilfredo Ezequiel Ponce Chirinos"- Yorongos.

Published
2012

40. An ovine model of spinal cord injury.

Author

Wilson, Saul, Abode-Iyamah, Kingsley O., Miller, John W., Reddy, Chandan G., Safayi, Sina, Fredericks, Douglas C., Jeffery, Nicholas D., DeVries-Watson, Nicole A., Shivapour, Sara K., Viljoen, Stephanus, Dalm, Brian D., Gibson-Corley, Katherine N., Johnson, Michael D., Gillies, George T., and Howard III, Matthew A.

Published
2017
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41. Finite-Element Study of the Performance Characteristics of an Intradural Spinal Cord Stimulator

Author

Grosland, Nicole M., primary, Gillies, George T., additional, Shurig, Robert, additional, Stoner, Kirsten, additional, Viljoen, Stephanus, additional, Dalm, Brian D., additional, Oya, Hiroyuki, additional, Fredericks, Douglas C., additional, Gibson-Corley, Katherine, additional, Reddy, Chandan, additional, Wilson, Saul, additional, and Howard, Matthew A., additional

Published
2014
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43. Revisiting intradural spinal cord stimulation: an introduction to a novel intradural spinal cord stimulation device

Author

Dalm, Brian D., primary, Viljoen, Sephanus V., additional, Dahdaleh, Nader S., additional, Reddy, Chandan G., additional, Brennan, Timothy J., additional, Oya, Hiroyuki, additional, Wilson, Saul, additional, Safayi, Sina, additional, Jeffery, Nicholas D., additional, Gilles, George T., additional, and Howard, Matthew A., additional

Published
2014
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48. Fibro-osseous lesion of the cranium in an adolescent patient.

Author

Park, Brian, Abode-Iyamah, Kingsley, Siang Liao Lee, Kirby, Patricia, El-Khoury, George, and Wilson, Saul

Subjects
FIBROUS dysplasia of bone, SKULL abnormalities, BRAIN, RADIOGRAPHY
Abstract

Background: Fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, and desmoplastic fibroma are rare benign calvarial lesions, which can have local aggressive behavior. These tumors can present with similar clinical and radiologic characteristics making diagnosis difficult at times. Case Description: A 16-year-old male presents after noting an indentation of his skull. Comparison with current and previous imaging revealed progressive erosion of the skull underlying the indentation. Conclusion: Fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, and desmoplastic fibroma are rare fibro-osseous tumors with similar characteristics radiographically. Accurate diagnosis of these tumors can be difficult even with the combination of clinical presentation, imaging, and pathology. The treatment of choice is resection and cranial reconstruction, if necessary, with close follow-up as recurrence can occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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50. Temporal and Optic Pathway Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Mimicking Dural-Based Lesion: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Author

Edwards, John R., Kulwin, Charles G., Martin, Sarah E., Wilson, Saul, Ho, Chang Y., and Fulkerson, Daniel H.

Subjects
HYPOTHALAMUS tumors, OPTIC chiasm, OPTIC nerve abnormalities, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, TUMORS
Abstract

Pilomyxoid astrocytomas (PMAs) are low-grade tumors that share many common traits with pilocytic astrocytomas. However, PMAs have a more worrisome clinical course, with a higher recurrence rate, lower survival rate, and higher risk of leptomeningeal spread compared to pilocytic tumors. These tumors tend to occur in younger children and are typically located in the area of the optic chiasm or hypothalamus. There are few studies examining the radiographic appearance of these lesions. In this case report, the authors present an unusual radiographic appearance of a PMA in an 11-year-old child. Preoperative images suggested a dural-based, homogenously enhancing lesion coupled with an enlarged optic nerve. Surgery revealed an intraparenchymal lesion of the right temporal lobe. There was hyperintensity on T2 MRI sequences, suggesting infiltration of the tumor along the optic tracts. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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