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299 results on '"Windisch, T"'

1. Observation and characterisation of trapped electron modes in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Krämer-Flecken, A., Proll, J. H. E., Weir, G., Costello, P., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Heuraux, S., Knieps, A., Langenberg, A., Mendes, S. Vaz, Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Rahbarnia, K., Sabot, R., Salazar, L., Smith, H. M., Thomsen, H., Windisch, T., Xiang, H. M., and W7-X-team, the

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

In the past, quasi coherent modes were reported for nearly all tokamaks. The general definition describes modes as quasi coherent when the magnitude squared coherence is in the range of \SIrange{0.3}{0.6}{}. Quasi coherent modes are observed in the plasma core as well as in the plasma edge and can have quite different physical origins. The one in the core are observed in plasmas with low collisionality, where the electron temperature exceeds the ion temperature in the plasma core. This is the case for electron cyclotron heating in general. The origin of these modes are electrons trapped within a magnetic mirror, as reported in the past from various fusion devices. The so-called trapped-electron modes (TEMs) belong to drift wave instabilities and can be destabilized by electron-temperature gradients in the plasma core. From the diagnostic point of view, quasi coherent modes appear as fluctuations in electron density and temperature. Therefore, the microwave reflectometer is very well suited to monitor these modes. This paper describes experiments, conducted at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X), which aim at detecting quasi coherent modes at low wave numbers. A Poloidal Correlation Reflectometer (PCR) installed at W7-X, is able to measure low wave numbers ($k_\perp\le 3.5$ cm$^{-1}$). For different magnetic configurations and plasma parameters, broad quasi-coherent structures are observed in the coherence spectra. From the analysis of the rotation and the poloidal structure, these quasi coherent (QC) modes show the properties of electron-temperature-gradient driven TEMs. A linear relation between the mode velocity and the rotation frequency is found. The relation is uniform and confirms the nature of QC-mode observation as TEM in tokamaks, too., Comment: Some revisions asked by referees included

Published
2024

2. First experimental observation of zonal flows in the optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Carralero, D., Estrada, T., García-Regaña, J. M., Sánchez, E., Windisch, T., Alonso, A., Maragkoudakis, E., Brandt, C., Brunner, K. J., Gallego-Castillo, C., Rahbarnia, K., Thienpondt, H., and Team, the Wendelstein 7-X

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

In this work, we present the first experimental evidence of the presence of zonal flow (ZF) structures in the optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. Using an assortment of diagnostics, flux surface-uniform, electrostatic flow oscillations have been measured, showing a radial scale in the range of tens of ion gyroradii. Such measurements show remarkable agreement with the ZF predicted by local and global non-linear gyrokinetic simulations. These results represent the first direct measurement of ZF in a large stellarator, suitable for the validation of models in reactor relevant conditions., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters

Published
2024

3. On the interaction between the island divertor heat fluxes, the scrape-off layer radial electric field and the edge turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X plasmas

Author

Maragkoudakis, E., Carralero, D., Estrada, T., Windisch, T., Gao, Y., Killer, C., Jakubowski, M., Sitjes, A. Puig, Pisano, F., Sándor, H., Vecsei, M., Zoletnik, S., Cappa, A., and team, the Wendelstein 7-X

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The formation of the radial electric field, $E_{\rm r}$ in the SOL has been experimentally studied for attached divertor conditions in stellarator W7-X. The main objective of this study is to test the validity in a complex 3D island divertor of simple models, typically developed in tokamaks, relating $E_{\rm r}$ to the sheath potential drop gradient at the target. Additionally, we investigate the effect of the edge $E_{\rm r}$ shear on the reduction of density fluctuation amplitude, a well-established phenomenon according to the existing bibliography. The main diagnostic for measurements in the SOL is a V-band Doppler reflectometer that can provide the measurement of the $E_{\rm r}$ and density fluctuations with good spatial resolution. Three-dimensional measurements of divertor parameters has been carried out using infrared cameras, with $\lambda_{\rm q}$ resulting a suitable proxy for the model-relevant $\lambda_{\rm T}$. In the investigated attached regimes, it is shown for the first time that the formation of the $E_{\rm r}$ in the SOL depends on parameters at the divertor, following a $E_{\rm r} \propto T_{\rm e} /\lambda_q$ qualitatively similar to that found in a tokamak. Then, from the analyzed plasmas, the observed $E_{\rm r}$ shear at the edge is linked to a moderate local reduction of the amplitude of density fluctuations.

Published
2022
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4. First-principles based plasma profile predictions for optimized stellarators

Author

Navarro, A. Bañón, Di Siena, A., Velasco, J. L., Wilms, F., Merlo, G., Windisch, T., LoDestro, L. L., Parker, J. B., and Jenko, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

In the present Letter, first-of-its-kind computer simulations predicting plasma profiles for modern optimized stellarators -- while self-consistently retaining neoclassical transport, turbulent transport with 3D effects, and external physical sources -- are presented. These simulations exploit a newly developed coupling framework involving the global gyrokinetic turbulence code GENE-3D, the neoclassical transport code KNOSOS, and the 1D transport solver TANGO. This framework is used to analyze the recently observed degradation of energy confinement in electron-heated plasmas in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, where the central ion temperature was "clamped" to $T_i \approx 1.5$ keV regardless of the external heating power. By performing first-principles based simulations, we provide key evidence to understand this effect, namely the inefficient thermal coupling between electrons and ions in a turbulence-dominated regime, which is exacerbated by the large $T_e/T_i$ ratios, and show that a more efficient ion heat source, such as direct ion heating, will increase the on-axis ion temperature. This work paves the way towards the use of high-fidelity models for the development of the next generation of stellarators, in which neoclassical and turbulent transport are optimized simultaneously.

Published
2022
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5. On the role of density fluctuations in the core turbulent transport of Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Carralero, D., Estrada, T., Maragkoudakis, E., Windisch, T., Alonso, J. A., Velasco, J. L., Ford, O., Jakubowski, M., Lazerson, S., Beurskens, M., Bozhenkov, S., Calvo, I., Damm, H., Fuchert, G., García-Regaña, J. M., Höfel, U., Marushchenko, N., Pablant, N., Sánchez, E., Smith, H. M., Pasch, E., and Stange, T.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

A recent characterization of core turbulence carried out with a Doppler reflectometer in the optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) found that discharges achieving high ion temperatures at the core featured an ITG-like suppression of density fluctuations driven by a reduction of the gradient ratio $\eta_i = L_n/L_{T_i}$ [D. Carralero et al., Nucl. Fusion, 2021]. In order to confirm the role of ITG turbulence in this process, we set out to establish experimentally the relation between core density fluctuations, turbulent heat flux and global confinement. With this aim, we consider the scenarios found in the previous work and carry out power balance analysis for a number of representative ones, including some featuring high ion temperature. As well, we evaluate the global energy confinement time and discuss it in the context of the ISS04 inter-stellarator scaling. We find that, when turbulence is suppressed as a result of a reduction of $\eta_i$, there is a reduction of ion turbulent transport, and global performance is improved as a result. This is consistent with ITG turbulence limiting the ion temperature at the core of W7-X. In contrast, when turbulence is reduced following a decrease in collisionality, no changes are observed in transport or confinement. This could be explained by ITG modes being combined with TEM turbulence when the later is destabilized at low collisionalities., Comment: Submitted to PPCF, 47th EPS special issue

Published
2021
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6. An experimental characterization of core turbulence regimes in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Carralero, D., Estrada, T., Maragkoudakis, E., Windisch, T., Alonso, J. A., Beurskens, M., Bozhenkov, S., Calvo, I., Damm, H., Ford, O., Fuchert, G., García-Regaña, J. M., Pablant, N., Sánchez, E., Pasch, E., Velasco, J. L., and team, the Wendelstein 7-X

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

First results from the optimized helias Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X) have shown that core transport is no longer mostly neoclassical, as is the case in previous kinds of stellarators. Instead, turbulent transport poses a serious limitation to the global performance of the machine. Several studies have found this particularly relevant for ion transport, with core ion temperatures becoming clamped at relatively low values of $T_{i} \simeq 1.7$ keV, except in the few scenarios in which turbulence can be suppressed. In order to understand turbulent mechanisms at play, it is important to have a clear understanding of the parametric dependencies of turbulent fluctuations, and the relation between them and turbulent transport. In this work we use Doppler reflectometry measurements carried out during a number of relevant operational scenarios to provide a systematic characterization of ion-scale ($k_\perp\rho_i\simeq 1$) density fluctuations in the core of W7-X. Then, we study the relation between fluctuation amplitude and plasma profiles and show how distinct regimes can be defined for the former, depending on normalized gradients $a/L_{ne}$ and $a/L_{Ti}$. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of other potentially relevant parameters such as $T_e/T_i$, $E_r$ or collisionality. Comparing the different regimes, we find that turbulence amplitude depends generally on the gradient ratio $\eta_i=L_{ne}/L_{Ti}$, as would be expected for ITG modes, with the exception of a range of discharges, for which turbulence suppression may be better explained by an ITG to TEM transition triggered by a drop in collisionality. Finally, we show a number of scenarios under which $T_{i,core} > 1.7$ keV is achieved and how core fluctuations are suppressed in all of them, thus providing experimental evidence of microturbulence being the main responsible for the limited ion confinement in W7-X., Comment: Manuscript submitted to Nuclear Fusion in May 2021

Published
2021
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7. Characterization of the radial electric field and edge velocity shear in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Carralero, D., Estrada, T., Windisch, T., Velasco, J. L., Alonso, J. A., Beurskens, M., Bozhenkov, S., Damm, H., Fuchert, G., Gao, Y., Jakubowski, M., Nieman, H., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Weir, G., and team, the Wendelstein 7-X

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

In this work we present the first measurements obtained by the V-band Doppler reflectometer during the second operation phase of Wendelstein 7-X to discuss the influence in the velocity shear layer and the radial electric field, E$_r$, of several plasma parameters such as magnetic configuration, rotational transform or degree of detachment. In the first place, we carry out a systematic characterization of the turbulence rotation velocity profile in order to describe the influence of density and heating power on E$_r$ under the four most frequent magnetic configurations. The $|$E$_r|$ value in the edge is found to increase with configurations featuring higher $\iota$, although this does not apply for the high mirror configuration, KJM. As well, the E$_r$ value in the SOL and the velocity shear near the separatrix are found to display a clear dependence on heating power and density for all configurations. For a number of relevant cases, these results are assessed by comparing them to neoclassical predictions obtained from the codes DKES and KNOSOS, finding generally good agreement with experimental results. Finally, the evolution of E$_r$ at the edge is evaluated throughout the island-divertor detachment regime achieved for the first time in the 2018 campaign. After detachment, $|$E$_r|$ is reduced both at the SOL and edge, and the plasma column shrinks, with the shear layer seemingly moving radially inwards from the separatrix., Comment: Sent for publication to Nuclear Fusion

Published
2020

8. Beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic design and capabilities for two-dimensional turbulence measurements on Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Han, X., Smith, D. R., Windisch, T., Laube, R., Den Hartog, D., Seyfert, C., Gallenberger, T., Jaehnig, K., Geiger, B., McKee, G., Grulke, O., Han, X., Smith, D. R., Windisch, T., Laube, R., Den Hartog, D., Seyfert, C., Gallenberger, T., Jaehnig, K., Geiger, B., McKee, G., and Grulke, O.

Abstract

A beam emission spectroscopy (BES) diagnostic is designed for studying two-dimensional turbulent dynamics by measuring the Doppler-shifted Balmer-Alpha emission (n = 3 → 2) from neutral heating beams on Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. The BES viewing geometry has been determined in the conceptual design previously. However, the small Doppler shifts and small optical throughput compared to a typical BES diagnostic demand dedicated efforts on the optical assemblies and the detector module for the BES system. We present the detailed opto-mechanical design and specifications of BES, including a customized neutral beam viewing optical system, a semi-telecentric optical assembly, and a detector module for electronic amplification. The point spread function is calculated using the pyFIDASIM code with experimental parameters and W7-X magnetic configurations to estimate the BES spatial resolution and beam intensity. The as-manufactured interference filter is applied for the spectral isolated beam radiance calculation. Result shows that the BES system is capable of measuring the ion-scale turbulence for k pi ≤ 0.4 at r/a = 0.75 with reasonable spatial and wavenumber resolutions. An integrated detector module is fabricated where two 8 × 4 avalanche photodiode detectors (APD) are embedded into the custom-designed pre-amplifier circuit to gain signals to the desired level. The detector noise measurement is performed and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is evaluated. A detectable fluctuation level can be achieved as low as ñe/ne ≈ 0.5% at frequency f ≤ 400 kHz with a bandwidth of 1 MHz.

Published
2024

9. Edge plasma measurements on the OP 1.2a divertor plasmas at W7-X using the combined probe

Author

Drews, P., Killer, C., Cosfeld, J., Knieps, A., Brezinsek, S., Jakubowski, M., Brandt, C., Bozhenkov, S., Dinklage, A., Cai, J., Endler, M., Hammond, K., Henkel, M., Gao, Y., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Höschen, D., König, R., Krämer-Flecken, A., Liang, Y., Li, Y., Liu, S., Niemann, H., Nicolai, D., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Rack, M., Rahbarnia, K., Rudischhauser, L., Sandri, N., Satheeswaran, G., Schilling, S., Thomsen, H., Windisch, T., and Sereda, S.

Published
2019
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10. Magnetic configuration effects on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author

Dinklage, A., Beidler, C. D., Helander, P., Fuchert, G., Maaßberg, H., Rahbarnia, K., Sunn Pedersen, T., Turkin, Y., Wolf, R. C., Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Blackwell, B., Bozhenkov, S., Buttenschön, B., Czarnecka, A., Effenberg, F., Feng, Y., Geiger, J., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Jakubowski, M., Klinger, T., Knauer, J., Kocsis, G., Krämer-Flecken, A., Kubkowska, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H. P., Marushchenko, N., Mollén, A., Neuner, U., Niemann, H., Pasch, E., Pablant, N., Rudischhauser, L., Smith, H. M., Schmitz, O., Stange, T., Szepesi, T., Weir, G., Windisch, T., Wurden, G. A., Zhang, D., and and the W7-X Team

Published
2018
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11. Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Pedersen, T, Abramovic, I, Agostinetti, P, Torres, M, Akaslompolo, S, Belloso, J, Aleynikov, P, Aleynikova, K, Alhashimi, M, Ali, A, Allen, N, Alonso, A, Anda, G, Andreeva, T, Angioni, C, Arkhipov, A, Arnold, A, Asad, W, Ascasibar, E, Aumeunier, M, Avramidis, K, Aymerich, E, Baek, S, Bahner, J, Baillod, A, Balden, M, Baldzuhn, J, Ballinger, S, Banduch, M, Bannmann, S, Navarro, A, Barbui, T, Beidler, C, Belafdil, C, Bencze, A, Benndorf, A, Beurskens, M, Biedermann, C, Biletskyi, O, Blackwell, B, Blatzheim, M, Bluhm, T, Bockenhoff, D, Bongiovi, G, Borchardt, M, Borodin, D, Boscary, J, Bosch, H, Bosmann, T, Boswirth, B, Bottger, L, Bottino, A, Bozhenkov, S, Brakel, R, Brandt, C, Brauer, T, Braune, H, Brezinsek, S, Brunner, K, Buller, S, Burhenn, R, Bussiahn, R, Buttenschon, B, Buzas, A, Bykov, V, Calvo, I, Mata, K, Caminal, I, Cannas, B, Cappa, A, Carls, A, Carovani, F, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carvalho, B, Casas, J, Castano-Bardawil, D, Castejon, F, Chaudhary, N, Chelis, I, Chomiczewska, A, Coenen, J, Cole, M, Cordella, F, Corre, Y, Crombe, K, Cseh, G, Csillag, B, Damm, H, Day, C, de Baar, M, De la Cal, E, Degenkolbe, S, Demby, A, Denk, S, Dhard, C, Di Siena, A, Dinklage, A, Dittmar, T, Dreval, M, Drevlak, M, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Dunai, D, Edlund, E, Effenberg, F, Ehrke, G, Endler, M, Ennis, D, Escoto, F, Estrada, T, Fable, E, Fahrenkamp, N, Fanni, A, Faustin, J, Fellinger, J, Feng, Y, Figacz, W, Flom, E, Ford, O, Fornal, T, Frerichs, H, Freundt, S, Fuchert, G, Fukuyama, M, Fullenbach, F, Gantenbein, G, Gao, Y, Garcia, K, Regana, J, Garcia-Cortes, I, Gaspar, J, Gates, D, Geiger, J, Geiger, B, Giudicotti, L, Gonzalez, A, Goriaev, A, Gradic, D, Grahl, M, Graves, J, Green, J, Grelier, E, Greuner, H, Gross, S, Grote, H, Groth, M, Gruca, M, Grulke, O, Grun, M, Arnaiz, J, Gunter, S, Haak, V, Haas, M, Hacker, P, Hakola, A, Hallenbert, A, Hammond, K, Han, X, Hansen, S, Harris, J, Hartfuss, H, Hartmann, D, Hathiramani, D, Hatzky, R, Hawke, J, Hegedus, S, Hein, B, Heinemann, B, Helander, P, Henneberg, S, Hergenhahn, U, Hidalgo, C, Hindenlang, F, Hirsch, M, Hofel, U, Hollfeld, K, Holtz, A, Hopf, D, Hoschen, D, Houry, M, Howard, J, Huang, X, Hubeny, M, Hudson, S, Ida, K, Igitkhanov, Y, Igochine, V, Illy, S, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Isobe, M, Jablczynska, M, Jablonski, S, Jagielski, B, Jakubowski, M, van Vuuren, A, Jelonnek, J, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Jenzsch, H, Junghanns, P, Kaczmarczyk, J, Kallmeyer, J, Kamionka, U, Kandler, M, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kennedy, D, Kharwandikar, A, Khokhlov, M, Kiefer, C, Killer, C, Kirschner, A, Kleiber, R, Klinger, T, Klose, S, Knauer, J, Knieps, A, Kochl, F, Kocsis, G, Kolesnichenko, Y, Konies, A, Konig, R, Kontula, J, Kornejew, P, Koschinsky, J, Kozulia, M, Kramer-Flecken, A, Krampitz, R, Krause, M, Krawczyk, N, Kremeyer, T, Krier, L, Kriete, D, Krychowiak, M, Ksiazek, I, Kubkowska, M, Kuczynski, M, Kuhner, G, Kumar, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Landreman, M, Lang, P, Langenberg, A, Laqua, H, Laube, R, Lazerson, S, Lewerentz, M, Li, C, Liang, Y, Linsmeier, C, Lion, J, Litnovsky, A, Liu, S, Lobsien, J, Loizu, J, Lore, J, Lorenz, A, Losada, U, Louche, F, Lunsford, R, Lutsenko, V, Machielsen, M, Mackel, F, Maisano-Brown, J, Maj, O, Makowski, D, Manduchi, G, Maragkoudakis, E, Marchuk, O, Marsen, S, Martines, E, Martinez-Fernandez, J, Marushchenko, M, Masuzaki, S, Maurer, D, Mayer, M, Mccarthy, K, Mccormack, O, Mcneely, P, Meister, H, Mendelevitch, B, Mendes, S, Merlo, A, Messian, A, Mielczarek, A, Mishchenko, O, Missal, B, Mitteau, R, Moiseenko, V, Mollen, A, Moncada, V, Monnich, T, Morisaki, T, Moseev, D, Motojima, G, Mulas, S, Mulsow, M, Nagel, M, Naujoks, D, Naulin, V, Neelis, T, Neilson, H, Neu, R, Neubauer, O, Neuner, U, Nicolai, D, Nielsen, S, Niemann, H, Nishiza, T, Nishizawa, T, Nuhrenberg, C, Ochoukov, R, Oelmann, J, Offermanns, G, Ogawa, K, Okamura, S, Olmanns, J, Ongena, J, Oosterbeek, J, Otte, M, Pablant, N, Alvarez, N, Pandey, A, Pasch, E, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Pechstein, G, Pelka, G, Perseo, V, Peterson, B, Pilopp, D, Pingel, S, Pisano, F, Plockl, B, Plunk, G, Poloskei, P, Pompe, B, Popov, A, Porkolab, M, Proll, J, Pueschel, M, Puiatti, M, Sitjes, A, Purps, F, Rahbarnia, K, Rasinski, M, Rasmussen, J, Reiman, A, Reimold, F, Reisner, M, Reiter, D, Richou, M, Riedl, R, Riemann, J, Risse, K, Roberg-Clark, G, Rohde, V, Romazanov, J, Rondeshagen, D, Rong, P, Rudischhauser, L, Rummel, T, Rummel, K, Runov, A, Rust, N, Ryc, L, Salembier, P, Salewski, M, Sanchez, E, Satake, S, Satheeswaran, G, Schacht, J, Scharff, E, Schauer, F, Schilling, J, Schlisio, G, Schmid, K, Schmitt, J, Schmitz, O, Schneider, W, Schneider, M, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schroder, T, Schroder, M, Schroeder, R, Schweer, B, Schworer, D, Scott, E, Shanahan, B, Sias, G, Sichta, P, Singer, M, Sinha, P, Siplia, S, Slaby, C, Sleczka, M, Smith, H, Smoniewski, J, Sonnendrucker, E, Spolaore, M, Spring, A, Stadler, R, Stanczak, D, Stange, T, Stepanov, I, Stephey, L, Stober, J, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Suzuki, C, Suzuki, Y, Svensson, J, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, T, Szucs, M, Tabares, F, Tamura, N, Tancetti, A, Tantos, C, Terry, J, Thienpondt, H, Thomsen, H, Thumm, M, Travere, J, Traverso, P, Tretter, J, Trier, E, Mora, H, Tsujimura, T, Turkin, Y, Tykhyi, A, Unterberg, B, van Eeten, P, van Milligen, B, van Schoor, M, Vano, L, Varoutis, S, Vecsei, M, Vela, L, Velasco, J, Vervier, M, Vianello, N, Viebke, H, Vilbrandt, R, Vogel, G, Vogt, N, Volkhausen, C, von Stechow, A, Wagner, F, Wang, E, Wang, H, Warmer, F, Wauters, T, Wegener, L, Wegner, T, Weir, G, Wenzel, U, White, A, Wilde, F, Wilms, F, Windisch, T, Winkler, M, Winter, A, Winters, V, Wolf, R, Wright, A, Wurden, G, Xanthopoulos, P, Xu, S, Yamada, H, Yamaguchi, H, Yokoyama, M, Yoshinuma, M, Yu, Q, Zamanov, M, Zanini, M, Zarnstorff, M, Zhang, D, Zhou, S, Zhu, J, Zhu, C, Zilker, M, Zocco, A, Zohm, H, Zoletnik, S, Zsuga, L, Pedersen T. S., Abramovic I., Agostinetti P., Torres M. A., Akaslompolo S., Belloso J. A., Aleynikov P., Aleynikova K., Alhashimi M., Ali A., Allen N., Alonso A., Anda G., Andreeva T., Angioni C., Arkhipov A., Arnold A., Asad W., Ascasibar E., Aumeunier M. -H., Avramidis K., Aymerich E., Baek S. -G., Bahner J., Baillod A., Balden M., Baldzuhn J., Ballinger S., Banduch M., Bannmann S., Navarro A. B., Barbui T., Beidler C., Belafdil C., Bencze A., Benndorf A., Beurskens M., Biedermann C., Biletskyi O., Blackwell B., Blatzheim M., Bluhm T., Bockenhoff D., Bongiovi G., Borchardt M., Borodin D., Boscary J., Bosch H., Bosmann T., Boswirth B., Bottger L., Bottino A., Bozhenkov S., Brakel R., Brandt C., Brauer T., Braune H., Brezinsek S., Brunner K., Buller S., Burhenn R., Bussiahn R., Buttenschon B., Buzas A., Bykov V., Calvo I., Mata K. C., Caminal I., Cannas B., Cappa A., Carls A., Carovani F., Carr M., Carralero D., Carvalho B., Casas J., Castano-Bardawil D., Castejon F., Chaudhary N., Chelis I., Chomiczewska A., Coenen J. W., Cole M., Cordella F., Corre Y., Crombe K., Cseh G., Csillag B., Damm H., Day C., de Baar M., De la Cal E., Degenkolbe S., Demby A., Denk S., Dhard C., Di Siena A., Dinklage A., Dittmar T., Dreval M., Drevlak M., Drewelow P., Drews P., Dunai D., Edlund E., Effenberg F., Ehrke G., Endler M., Ennis D. A., Escoto F. J., Estrada T., Fable E., Fahrenkamp N., Fanni A., Faustin J., Fellinger J., Feng Y., Figacz W., Flom E., Ford O., Fornal T., Frerichs H., Freundt S., Fuchert G., Fukuyama M., Fullenbach F., Gantenbein G., Gao Y., Garcia K., Regana J. M. G., Garcia-Cortes I., Gaspar J., Gates D. A., Geiger J., Geiger B., Giudicotti L., Gonzalez A., Goriaev A., Gradic D., Grahl M., Graves J. P., Green J., Grelier E., Greuner H., Gross S., Grote H., Groth M., Gruca M., Grulke O., Grun M., Arnaiz J. G., Gunter S., Haak V., Haas M., Hacker P., Hakola A., Hallenbert A., Hammond K., Han X., Hansen S. K., Harris J. H., Hartfuss H., Hartmann D., Hathiramani D., Hatzky R., Hawke J., Hegedus S., Hein B., Heinemann B., Helander P., Henneberg S., Hergenhahn U., Hidalgo C., Hindenlang F., Hirsch M., Hofel U., Hollfeld K. P., Holtz A., Hopf D., Hoschen D., Houry M., Howard J., Huang X., Hubeny M., Hudson S., Ida K., Igitkhanov Y., Igochine V., Illy S., Ionita-Schrittwieser C., Isobe M., Jablczynska M., Jablonski S., Jagielski B., Jakubowski M., van Vuuren A. J., Jelonnek J., Jenko F., Jensen T., Jenzsch H., Junghanns P., Kaczmarczyk J., Kallmeyer J., Kamionka U., Kandler M., Kasilov S., Kazakov Y., Kennedy D., Kharwandikar A., Khokhlov M., Kiefer C., Killer C., Kirschner A., Kleiber R., Klinger T., Klose S., Knauer J., Knieps A., Kochl F., Kocsis G., Kolesnichenko Ya. I., Konies A., Konig R., Kontula J., Kornejew P., Koschinsky J., Kozulia M. M., Kramer-Flecken A., Krampitz R., Krause M., Krawczyk N., Kremeyer T., Krier L., Kriete D. M., Krychowiak M., Ksiazek I., Kubkowska M., Kuczynski M., Kuhner G., Kumar A., Kurki-Suonio T., Kwak S., Landreman M., Lang P. T., Langenberg A., Laqua H. P., Laqua H., Laube R., Lazerson S., Lewerentz M., Li C., Liang Y., Linsmeier Ch., Lion J., Litnovsky A., Liu S., Lobsien J., Loizu J., Lore J., Lorenz A., Losada U., Louche F., Lunsford R., Lutsenko V., Machielsen M., Mackel F., Maisano-Brown J., Maj O., Makowski D., Manduchi G., Maragkoudakis E., Marchuk O., Marsen S., Martines E., Martinez-Fernandez J., Marushchenko M., Masuzaki S., Maurer D., Mayer M., McCarthy K. J., McCormack O., McNeely P., Meister H., Mendelevitch B., Mendes S., Merlo A., Messian A., Mielczarek A., Mishchenko O., Missal B., Mitteau R., Moiseenko V. E., Mollen A., Moncada V., Monnich T., Morisaki T., Moseev D., Motojima G., Mulas S., Mulsow M., Nagel M., Naujoks D., Naulin V., Neelis T., Neilson H., Neu R., Neubauer O., Neuner U., Nicolai D., Nielsen S. K., Niemann H., Nishiza T., Nishizawa T., Nuhrenberg C., Ochoukov R., Oelmann J., Offermanns G., Ogawa K., Okamura S., Olmanns J., Ongena J., Oosterbeek J., Otte M., Pablant N., Alvarez N. P., Pandey A., Pasch E., Pavlichenko R., Pavone A., Pawelec E., Pechstein G., Pelka G., Perseo V., Peterson B., Pilopp D., Pingel S., Pisano F., Plockl B., Plunk G., Poloskei P., Pompe B., Popov A., Porkolab M., Proll J., Pueschel M. J., Puiatti M. -E., Sitjes A. P., Purps F., Rahbarnia K., Rasinski M., Rasmussen J., Reiman A., Reimold F., Reisner M., Reiter D., Richou M., Riedl R., Riemann J., Risse K., Roberg-Clark G., Rohde V., Romazanov J., Rondeshagen D., Rong P., Rudischhauser L., Rummel T., Rummel K., Runov A., Rust N., Ryc L., Salembier P., Salewski M., Sanchez E., Satake S., Satheeswaran G., Schacht J., Scharff E., Schauer F., Schilling J., Schlisio G., Schmid K., Schmitt J., Schmitz O., Schneider W., Schneider M., Schneider P., Schrittwieser R., Schroder T., Schroder M., Schroeder R., Schweer B., Schworer D., Scott E., Shanahan B., Sias G., Sichta P., Singer M., Sinha P., Siplia S., Slaby C., Sleczka M., Smith H., Smoniewski J., Sonnendrucker E., Spolaore M., Spring A., Stadler R., Stanczak D., Stange T., Stepanov I., Stephey L., Stober J., Stroth U., Strumberger E., Suzuki C., Suzuki Y., Svensson J., Szabolics T., Szepesi T., Szucs M., Tabares F. 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Abstract

We present recent highlights from the most recent operation phases of Wendelstein 7-X, the most advanced stellarator in the world. Stable detachment with good particle exhaust, low impurity content, and energy confinement times exceeding 100 ms, have been maintained for tens of seconds. Pellet fueling allows for plasma phases with reduced ion-temperature-gradient turbulence, and during such phases, the overall confinement is so good (energy confinement times often exceeding 200 ms) that the attained density and temperature profiles would not have been possible in less optimized devices, since they would have had neoclassical transport losses exceeding the heating applied in W7-X. This provides proof that the reduction of neoclassical transport through magnetic field optimization is successful. W7-X plasmas generally show good impurity screening and high plasma purity, but there is evidence of longer impurity confinement times during turbulence-suppressed phases.

Published
2022

13. Engineering design for the magnetic diagnostics of Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Endler, M., Brucker, B., Bykov, V., Cardella, A., Carls, A., Dobmeier, F., Dudek, A., Fellinger, J., Geiger, J., Grosser, K., Grulke, O., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Höchel, K., Köppen, M., Laube, R., Neuner, U., Peng, X., Rahbarnia, K., Rummel, K., Sieber, T., Thiel, S., Vorköper, A., Werner, A., Windisch, T., and Ye, M.Y.

Published
2015
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14. On the interaction between the island divertor heat fluxes, the scrape-off layer radial electric field and the edge turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X plasmas

Author

Maragkoudakis, E., primary, Carralero, D., additional, Estrada, T., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Gao, Y., additional, Killer, C., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Puig Sitjes, A., additional, Pisano, F., additional, Sándor, H., additional, Vecsei, M., additional, Zoletnik, S., additional, and Cappa, A., additional

Published
2022
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17. Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Pedersen, Thomas Sunn, Abramovic, I., Agostinetti, P., Torres, M. Agredano, Äkäslompolo, S., Belloso, J. Alcuson, Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Alhashimi, M., Ali, A., Allen, N., Alonso, A., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Angioni, C., Arkhipov, A., Arnold, A., Asad, W., Ascasibar, E., Aumeunier, M. H., Avramidis, K., Aymerich, E., Baek, S. G., Bähner, J., Baillod, A., Balden, M., Baldzuhn, J., Ballinger, S., Banduch, M., Bannmann, S., Navarro, A. Bañón, Barbui, T., Beidler, C., Belafdil, C., Bencze, A., Benndorf, A., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Biletskyi, O., Blackwell, B., Blatzheim, M., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Bongiovi, G., Borchardt, M., Borodin, D., Boscary, J., Bosch, H., Bosmann, T., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L., Bottino, A., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Brandt, C., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K., Buller, S., Burhenn, R., Bussiahn, R., Buttenschön, B., Buzás, A., Bykov, V., Calvo, I., Mata, K. Camacho, Caminal, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carovani, F., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carvalho, B., Casas, J., Castano-Bardawil, D., Castejon, F., Chaudhary, N., Chelis, I., Chomiczewska, A., Coenen, J. W., Cole, M., Cordella, F., Corre, Y., Crombe, K., Cseh, G., Csillag, B., Damm, H., Day, C., de Baar, M., De la Cal, E., Degenkolbe, S., Demby, A., Denk, S., Dhard, C., Di Siena, A., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Dreval, M., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Dunai, D., Edlund, E., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D. A., Escoto, F. J., Estrada, T., Fable, E., Fahrenkamp, N., Fanni, A., Faustin, J., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Figacz, W., Flom, E., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freundt, S., Fuchert, G., Fukuyama, M., Füllenbach, F., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., Garcia, K., Regaña, J. M.García, García-Cortés, I., Gaspar, J., Gates, D. A., Geiger, J., Geiger, B., Giudicotti, L., González, A., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Graves, J. P., Green, J., Grelier, E., Greuner, H., Groß, S., Grote, H., Groth, M., Gruca, M., Grulke, O., Grün, M., Arnaiz, J. Guerrero, Günter, S., Haak, V., Haas, M., Hacker, P., Hakola, A., Hallenbert, A., Hammond, K., Han, X., Hansen, S. K., Harris, J. H., Hartfuß, H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hatzky, R., Hawke, J., Hegedus, S., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Helander, P., Henneberg, S., Hergenhahn, U., Hidalgo, C., Hindenlang, F., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Hollfeld, K. P., Holtz, A., Hopf, D., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Hubeny, M., Hudson, S., Ida, K., Igitkhanov, Y., Igochine, V., Illy, S., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isobe, M., Jabłczynska, M., Jablonski, S., Jagielski, B., Jakubowski, M., van Vuuren, A. Jansen, Jelonnek, J., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Jenzsch, H., Junghanns, P., Kaczmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J., Kamionka, U., Kandler, M., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kennedy, D., Kharwandikar, A., Khokhlov, M., Kiefer, C., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Kleiber, R., Klinger, T., Klose, S., Knauer, J., Knieps, A., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Kolesnichenko, Ya I., Könies, A., König, R., Kontula, J., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J., Kozulia, M. M., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krampitz, R., Krause, M., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krier, L., Kriete, D. M., Krychowiak, M., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kuczynski, M., Kühner, G., Kumar, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Landreman, M., Lang, P. T., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lewerentz, M., Li, C., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, Ch, Lion, J., Litnovsky, A., Liu, S., Lobsien, J., Loizu, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losada, U., Louche, F., Lunsford, R., Lutsenko, V., Machielsen, M., Mackel, F., Maisano-Brown, J., Maj, O., Makowski, D., Manduchi, G., Maragkoudakis, E., Marchuk, O., Marsen, S., Martines, E., Martinez-Fernandez, J., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K. J., McCormack, O., McNeely, P., Meister, H., Mendelevitch, B., Mendes, S., Merlo, A., Messian, A., Mielczarek, A., Mishchenko, O., Missal, B., Mitteau, R., Moiseenko, V. E., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Motojima, G., Mulas, S., Mulsow, M., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Naulin, V., Neelis, T., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S. K., Niemann, H., Nishiza, T., Nishizawa, T., Nührenberg, C., Ochoukov, R., Oelmann, J., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Okamura, S., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Alvarez, N. Panadero, Pandey, A., Pasch, E., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pechstein, G., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plöckl, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Pompe, B., Popov, A., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Pueschel, M. J., Puiatti, M. E., Sitjes, A. Puig, Purps, F., Rahbarnia, K., Rasinski, M., Rasmussen, J., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reisner, M., Reiter, D., Richou, M., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Riße, K., Roberg-Clark, G., Rohde, V., Romazanov, J., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, T., Rummel, K., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Salembier, P., Salewski, M., Sanchez, E., Satake, S., Satheeswaran, G., Schacht, J., Scharff, E., Schauer, F., Schilling, J., Schlisio, G., Schmid, K., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, O., Schneider, W., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, T., Schröder, M., Schroeder, R., Schweer, B., Schwörer, D., Scott, E., Shanahan, B., Sias, G., Sichta, P., Singer, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Smith, H., Smoniewski, J., Sonnendrücker, E., Spolaore, M., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stanczak, D., Stange, T., Stepanov, I., Stephey, L., Stober, J., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suzuki, C., Suzuki, Y., Svensson, J., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szücs, M., Tabarés, F. L., Tamura, N., Tancetti, A., Tantos, C., Terry, J., Thienpondt, H., Thomsen, H., Thumm, M., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trier, E., Mora, H. Trimino, Tsujimura, T., Turkin, Y., Tykhyi, A., Unterberg, B., van Eeten, P., van Milligen, B. Ph, van Schoor, M., Vano, L., Varoutis, S., Vecsei, M., Vela, L., Velasco, J. L., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vogel, G., Vogt, N., Volkhausen, C., von Stechow, A., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, H., Warmer, F., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Wegner, T., Weir, G., Wenzel, U., White, A., Wilde, F., Wilms, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, R., Wright, A. M., Wurden, G. A., Xanthopoulos, P., Xu, S., Yamada, H., Yamaguchi, H., Yokoyama, M., Yoshinuma, M., Yu, Q., Zamanov, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zhang, D., Zhou, S., Zhu, J., Zhu, C., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zohm, H., Zoletnik, S., Zsuga, L., Pedersen, Thomas Sunn, Abramovic, I., Agostinetti, P., Torres, M. Agredano, Äkäslompolo, S., Belloso, J. Alcuson, Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Alhashimi, M., Ali, A., Allen, N., Alonso, A., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Angioni, C., Arkhipov, A., Arnold, A., Asad, W., Ascasibar, E., Aumeunier, M. H., Avramidis, K., Aymerich, E., Baek, S. G., Bähner, J., Baillod, A., Balden, M., Baldzuhn, J., Ballinger, S., Banduch, M., Bannmann, S., Navarro, A. Bañón, Barbui, T., Beidler, C., Belafdil, C., Bencze, A., Benndorf, A., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Biletskyi, O., Blackwell, B., Blatzheim, M., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Bongiovi, G., Borchardt, M., Borodin, D., Boscary, J., Bosch, H., Bosmann, T., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L., Bottino, A., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Brandt, C., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K., Buller, S., Burhenn, R., Bussiahn, R., Buttenschön, B., Buzás, A., Bykov, V., Calvo, I., Mata, K. Camacho, Caminal, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carovani, F., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carvalho, B., Casas, J., Castano-Bardawil, D., Castejon, F., Chaudhary, N., Chelis, I., Chomiczewska, A., Coenen, J. W., Cole, M., Cordella, F., Corre, Y., Crombe, K., Cseh, G., Csillag, B., Damm, H., Day, C., de Baar, M., De la Cal, E., Degenkolbe, S., Demby, A., Denk, S., Dhard, C., Di Siena, A., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Dreval, M., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Dunai, D., Edlund, E., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D. A., Escoto, F. J., Estrada, T., Fable, E., Fahrenkamp, N., Fanni, A., Faustin, J., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Figacz, W., Flom, E., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freundt, S., Fuchert, G., Fukuyama, M., Füllenbach, F., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., Garcia, K., Regaña, J. M.García, García-Cortés, I., Gaspar, J., Gates, D. A., Geiger, J., Geiger, B., Giudicotti, L., González, A., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Graves, J. P., Green, J., Grelier, E., Greuner, H., Groß, S., Grote, H., Groth, M., Gruca, M., Grulke, O., Grün, M., Arnaiz, J. Guerrero, Günter, S., Haak, V., Haas, M., Hacker, P., Hakola, A., Hallenbert, A., Hammond, K., Han, X., Hansen, S. K., Harris, J. H., Hartfuß, H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hatzky, R., Hawke, J., Hegedus, S., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Helander, P., Henneberg, S., Hergenhahn, U., Hidalgo, C., Hindenlang, F., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Hollfeld, K. P., Holtz, A., Hopf, D., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Hubeny, M., Hudson, S., Ida, K., Igitkhanov, Y., Igochine, V., Illy, S., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isobe, M., Jabłczynska, M., Jablonski, S., Jagielski, B., Jakubowski, M., van Vuuren, A. Jansen, Jelonnek, J., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Jenzsch, H., Junghanns, P., Kaczmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J., Kamionka, U., Kandler, M., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kennedy, D., Kharwandikar, A., Khokhlov, M., Kiefer, C., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Kleiber, R., Klinger, T., Klose, S., Knauer, J., Knieps, A., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Kolesnichenko, Ya I., Könies, A., König, R., Kontula, J., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J., Kozulia, M. M., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krampitz, R., Krause, M., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krier, L., Kriete, D. M., Krychowiak, M., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kuczynski, M., Kühner, G., Kumar, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Landreman, M., Lang, P. T., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lewerentz, M., Li, C., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, Ch, Lion, J., Litnovsky, A., Liu, S., Lobsien, J., Loizu, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losada, U., Louche, F., Lunsford, R., Lutsenko, V., Machielsen, M., Mackel, F., Maisano-Brown, J., Maj, O., Makowski, D., Manduchi, G., Maragkoudakis, E., Marchuk, O., Marsen, S., Martines, E., Martinez-Fernandez, J., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K. J., McCormack, O., McNeely, P., Meister, H., Mendelevitch, B., Mendes, S., Merlo, A., Messian, A., Mielczarek, A., Mishchenko, O., Missal, B., Mitteau, R., Moiseenko, V. E., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Motojima, G., Mulas, S., Mulsow, M., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Naulin, V., Neelis, T., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S. K., Niemann, H., Nishiza, T., Nishizawa, T., Nührenberg, C., Ochoukov, R., Oelmann, J., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Okamura, S., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Alvarez, N. Panadero, Pandey, A., Pasch, E., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pechstein, G., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plöckl, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Pompe, B., Popov, A., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Pueschel, M. J., Puiatti, M. E., Sitjes, A. Puig, Purps, F., Rahbarnia, K., Rasinski, M., Rasmussen, J., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reisner, M., Reiter, D., Richou, M., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Riße, K., Roberg-Clark, G., Rohde, V., Romazanov, J., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, T., Rummel, K., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Salembier, P., Salewski, M., Sanchez, E., Satake, S., Satheeswaran, G., Schacht, J., Scharff, E., Schauer, F., Schilling, J., Schlisio, G., Schmid, K., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, O., Schneider, W., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, T., Schröder, M., Schroeder, R., Schweer, B., Schwörer, D., Scott, E., Shanahan, B., Sias, G., Sichta, P., Singer, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Smith, H., Smoniewski, J., Sonnendrücker, E., Spolaore, M., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stanczak, D., Stange, T., Stepanov, I., Stephey, L., Stober, J., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suzuki, C., Suzuki, Y., Svensson, J., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szücs, M., Tabarés, F. L., Tamura, N., Tancetti, A., Tantos, C., Terry, J., Thienpondt, H., Thomsen, H., Thumm, M., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trier, E., Mora, H. Trimino, Tsujimura, T., Turkin, Y., Tykhyi, A., Unterberg, B., van Eeten, P., van Milligen, B. Ph, van Schoor, M., Vano, L., Varoutis, S., Vecsei, M., Vela, L., Velasco, J. L., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vogel, G., Vogt, N., Volkhausen, C., von Stechow, A., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, H., Warmer, F., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Wegner, T., Weir, G., Wenzel, U., White, A., Wilde, F., Wilms, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, R., Wright, A. M., Wurden, G. A., Xanthopoulos, P., Xu, S., Yamada, H., Yamaguchi, H., Yokoyama, M., Yoshinuma, M., Yu, Q., Zamanov, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zhang, D., Zhou, S., Zhu, J., Zhu, C., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zohm, H., Zoletnik, S., and Zsuga, L.

Abstract

We present recent highlights from the most recent operation phases of Wendelstein 7-X, the most advanced stellarator in the world. Stable detachment with good particle exhaust, low impurity content, and energy confinement times exceeding 100 ms, have been maintained for tens of seconds. Pellet fueling allows for plasma phases with reduced ion-temperature-gradient turbulence, and during such phases, the overall confinement is so good (energy confinement times often exceeding 200 ms) that the attained density and temperature profiles would not have been possible in less optimized devices, since they would have had neoclassical transport losses exceeding the heating applied in W7-X. This provides proof that the reduction of neoclassical transport through magnetic field optimization is successful. W7-X plasmas generally show good impurity screening and high plasma purity, but there is evidence of longer impurity confinement times during turbulence-suppressed phases.

Published
2022

18. Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Sunn Pedersen, Thomas, primary, Abramovic, I., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Agredano Torres, M., additional, Äkäslompolo, S., additional, Alcuson Belloso, J., additional, Aleynikov, P., additional, Aleynikova, K., additional, Alhashimi, M., additional, Ali, A., additional, Allen, N., additional, Alonso, A., additional, Anda, G., additional, Andreeva, T., additional, Angioni, C., additional, Arkhipov, A., additional, Arnold, A., additional, Asad, W., additional, Ascasibar, E., additional, Aumeunier, M.-H., additional, Avramidis, K., additional, Aymerich, E., additional, Baek, S.-G., additional, Bähner, J., additional, Baillod, A., additional, Balden, M., additional, Baldzuhn, J., additional, Ballinger, S., additional, Banduch, M., additional, Bannmann, S., additional, Banon Navarro, A., additional, Bañón Navarro, A., additional, Barbui, T., additional, Beidler, C., additional, Belafdil, C., additional, Bencze, A., additional, Benndorf, A., additional, Beurskens, M., additional, Biedermann, C., additional, Biletskyi, O., additional, Blackwell, B., additional, Blatzheim, M., additional, Bluhm, T., additional, Böckenhoff, D., additional, Bongiovi, G., additional, Borchardt, M., additional, Borodin, D., additional, Boscary, J., additional, Bosch, H., additional, Bosmann, T., additional, Böswirth, B., additional, Böttger, L., additional, Bottino, A., additional, Bozhenkov, S., additional, Brakel, R., additional, Brandt, C., additional, Bräuer, T., additional, Braune, H., additional, Brezinsek, S., additional, Brunner, K., additional, Buller, S., additional, Burhenn, R., additional, Bussiahn, R., additional, Buttenschön, B., additional, Buzás, A., additional, Bykov, V., additional, Calvo, I., additional, Camacho Mata, K., additional, Caminal, I., additional, Cannas, B., additional, Cappa, A., additional, Carls, A., additional, Carovani, F., additional, Carr, M., additional, Carralero, D., additional, Carvalho, B., additional, Casas, J., additional, Castano-Bardawil, D., additional, Castejon, F., additional, Chaudhary, N., additional, Chelis, I., additional, Chomiczewska, A., additional, Coenen, J.W., additional, Cole, M., additional, Cordella, F., additional, Corre, Y., additional, Crombe, K., additional, Cseh, G., additional, Csillag, B., additional, Damm, H., additional, Day, C., additional, de Baar, M., additional, De la Cal, E., additional, Degenkolbe, S., additional, Demby, A., additional, Denk, S., additional, Dhard, C., additional, Di Siena, A., additional, Dinklage, A., additional, Dittmar, T., additional, Dreval, M., additional, Drevlak, M., additional, Drewelow, P., additional, Drews, P., additional, Dunai, D., additional, Edlund, E., additional, Effenberg, F., additional, Ehrke, G., additional, Endler, M., additional, Ennis, D.A., additional, Escoto, F.J., additional, Estrada, T., additional, Fable, E., additional, Fahrenkamp, N., additional, Fanni, A., additional, Faustin, J., additional, Fellinger, J., additional, Feng, Y., additional, Figacz, W., additional, Flom, E., additional, Ford, O., additional, Fornal, T., additional, Frerichs, H., additional, Freundt, S., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, Fukuyama, M., additional, Füllenbach, F., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Gao, Y., additional, Garcia, K., additional, García Regaña, J.M., additional, García-Cortés, I., additional, Gaspar, J., additional, Gates, D.A., additional, Geiger, J., additional, Geiger, B., additional, Giudicotti, L., additional, González, A., additional, Goriaev, A., additional, Gradic, D., additional, Grahl, M., additional, Graves, J.P., additional, Green, J., additional, Grelier, E., additional, Greuner, H., additional, Groß, S., additional, Grote, H., additional, Groth, M., additional, Gruca, M., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Grün, M., additional, Guerrero Arnaiz, J., additional, Günter, S., additional, Haak, V., additional, Haas, M., additional, Hacker, P., additional, Hakola, A., additional, Hallenbert, A., additional, Hammond, K., additional, Han, X., additional, Hansen, S.K., additional, Harris, J.H., additional, Hartfuß, H., additional, Hartmann, D., additional, Hathiramani, D., additional, Hatzky, R., additional, Hawke, J., additional, Hegedus, S., additional, Hein, B., additional, Heinemann, B., additional, Helander, P., additional, Henneberg, S., additional, Hergenhahn, U., additional, Hidalgo, C., additional, Hindenlang, F., additional, Hirsch, M., additional, Höfel, U., additional, Hollfeld, K.P., additional, Holtz, A., additional, Hopf, D., additional, Höschen, D., additional, Houry, M., additional, Howard, J., additional, Huang, X., additional, Hubeny, M., additional, Hudson, S., additional, Ida, K., additional, Igitkhanov, Y., additional, Igochine, V., additional, Illy, S., additional, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., additional, Isobe, M., additional, Jabłczyńska, M., additional, Jablonski, S., additional, Jagielski, B., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Jansen van Vuuren, A., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Jenko, F., additional, Jensen, T., additional, Jenzsch, H., additional, Junghanns, P., additional, Kaczmarczyk, J., additional, Kallmeyer, J., additional, Kamionka, U., additional, Kandler, M., additional, Kasilov, S., additional, Kazakov, Y., additional, Kennedy, D., additional, Kharwandikar, A., additional, Khokhlov, M., additional, Kiefer, C., additional, Killer, C., additional, Kirschner, A., additional, Kleiber, R., additional, Klinger, T., additional, Klose, S., additional, Knauer, J., additional, Knieps, A., additional, Köchl, F., additional, Kocsis, G., additional, Kolesnichenko, Ya.I., additional, Könies, A., additional, König, R., additional, Kontula, J., additional, Kornejew, P., additional, Koschinsky, J., additional, Kozulia, M.M., additional, Krämer-Flecken, A., additional, Krampitz, R., additional, Krause, M., additional, Krawczyk, N., additional, Kremeyer, T., additional, Krier, L., additional, Kriete, D.M., additional, Krychowiak, M., additional, Ksiazek, I., additional, Kubkowska, M., additional, Kuczynski, M., additional, Kühner, G., additional, Kumar, A., additional, Kurki-Suonio, T., additional, Kwak, S., additional, Landreman, M., additional, Lang, P.T., additional, Langenberg, A., additional, Laqua, H.P., additional, Laqua, H., additional, Laube, R., additional, Lazerson, S., additional, Lewerentz, M., additional, Li, C., additional, Liang, Y., additional, Linsmeier, Ch., additional, Lion, J., additional, Litnovsky, A., additional, Liu, S., additional, Lobsien, J., additional, Loizu, J., additional, Lore, J., additional, Lorenz, A., additional, Losada, U., additional, Louche, F., additional, Lunsford, R., additional, Lutsenko, V., additional, Machielsen, M., additional, Mackel, F., additional, Maisano-Brown, J., additional, Maj, O., additional, Makowski, D., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Maragkoudakis, E., additional, Marchuk, O., additional, Marsen, S., additional, Martines, E., additional, Martinez-Fernandez, J., additional, Marushchenko, M., additional, Masuzaki, S., additional, Maurer, D., additional, Mayer, M., additional, McCarthy, K.J., additional, Mccormack, O., additional, McNeely, P., additional, Meister, H., additional, Mendelevitch, B., additional, Mendes, S., additional, Merlo, A., additional, Messian, A., additional, Mielczarek, A., additional, Mishchenko, O., additional, Missal, B., additional, Mitteau, R., additional, Moiseenko, V.E., additional, Mollen, A., additional, Moncada, V., additional, Mönnich, T., additional, Morisaki, T., additional, Moseev, D., additional, Motojima, G., additional, Mulas, S., additional, Mulsow, M., additional, Nagel, M., additional, Naujoks, D., additional, Naulin, V., additional, Neelis, T., additional, Neilson, H., additional, Neu, R., additional, Neubauer, O., additional, Neuner, U., additional, Nicolai, D., additional, Nielsen, S.K., additional, Niemann, H., additional, Nishiza, T., additional, Nishizawa, T., additional, Nührenberg, C., additional, Ochoukov, R., additional, Oelmann, J., additional, Offermanns, G., additional, Ogawa, K., additional, Okamura, S., additional, Ölmanns, J., additional, Ongena, J., additional, Oosterbeek, J., additional, Otte, M., additional, Pablant, N., additional, Panadero Alvarez, N., additional, Pandey, A., additional, Pasch, E., additional, Pavlichenko, R., additional, Pavone, A., additional, Pawelec, E., additional, Pechstein, G., additional, Pelka, G., additional, Perseo, V., additional, Peterson, B., additional, Pilopp, D., additional, Pingel, S., additional, Pisano, F., additional, Plöckl, B., additional, Plunk, G., additional, Pölöskei, P., additional, Pompe, B., additional, Popov, A., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Proll, J., additional, Pueschel, M.J., additional, Puiatti, M.-E., additional, Puig Sitjes, A., additional, Purps, F., additional, Rahbarnia, K., additional, Rasiński, M., additional, Rasmussen, J., additional, Reiman, A., additional, Reimold, F., additional, Reisner, M., additional, Reiter, D., additional, Richou, M., additional, Riedl, R., additional, Riemann, J., additional, Riße, K., additional, Roberg-Clark, G., additional, Rohde, V., additional, Romazanov, J., additional, Rondeshagen, D., additional, Rong, P., additional, Rudischhauser, L., additional, Rummel, T., additional, Rummel, K., additional, Runov, A., additional, Rust, N., additional, Ryc, L., additional, Salembier, P., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Sanchez, E., additional, Satake, S., additional, Satheeswaran, G., additional, Schacht, J., additional, Scharff, E., additional, Schauer, F., additional, Schilling, J., additional, Schlisio, G., additional, Schmid, K., additional, Schmitt, J., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schneider, W., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Schneider, P., additional, Schrittwieser, R., additional, Schröder, T., additional, Schröder, M., additional, Schroeder, R., additional, Schweer, B., additional, Schwörer, D., additional, Scott, E., additional, Shanahan, B., additional, Sias, G., additional, Sichta, P., additional, Singer, M., additional, Sinha, P., additional, Sipliä, S., additional, Slaby, C., additional, Sleczka, M., additional, Smith, H., additional, Smoniewski, J., additional, Sonnendrücker, E., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Spring, A., additional, Stadler, R., additional, Stańczak, D., additional, Stange, T., additional, Stepanov, I., additional, Stephey, L., additional, Stober, J., additional, Stroth, U., additional, Strumberger, E., additional, Suzuki, C., additional, Suzuki, Y., additional, Svensson, J., additional, Szabolics, T., additional, Szepesi, T., additional, Szücs, M., additional, Tabarés, F.L., additional, Tamura, N., additional, Tancetti, A., additional, Tantos, C., additional, Terry, J., additional, Thienpondt, H., additional, Thomsen, H., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Travere, J.M., additional, Traverso, P., additional, Tretter, J., additional, Trier, E., additional, Trimino Mora, H., additional, Tsujimura, T., additional, Turkin, Y., additional, Tykhyi, A., additional, Unterberg, B., additional, van Eeten, P., additional, van Milligen, B.Ph., additional, van Schoor, M., additional, Vano, L., additional, Varoutis, S., additional, Vecsei, M., additional, Vela, L., additional, Velasco, J.L., additional, Vervier, M., additional, Vianello, N., additional, Viebke, H., additional, Vilbrandt, R., additional, Vogel, G., additional, Vogt, N., additional, Volkhausen, C., additional, von Stechow, A., additional, Wagner, F., additional, Wang, E., additional, Wang, H., additional, Warmer, F., additional, Wauters, T., additional, Wegener, L., additional, Wegner, T., additional, Weir, G., additional, Wenzel, U., additional, White, A., additional, Wilde, F., additional, Wilms, F., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Winkler, M., additional, Winter, A., additional, Winters, V., additional, Wolf, R., additional, Wright, A.M., additional, Wurden, G.A., additional, Xanthopoulos, P., additional, Xu, S., additional, Yamada, H., additional, Yamaguchi, H., additional, Yokoyama, M., additional, Yoshinuma, M., additional, Yu, Q., additional, Zamanov, M., additional, Zanini, M., additional, Zarnstorff, M., additional, Zhang, D., additional, Zhou, S., additional, Zhu, J., additional, Zhu, C., additional, Zilker, M., additional, Zocco, A., additional, Zohm, H., additional, Zoletnik, S., additional, and Zsuga, L., additional

Published
2022
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21. Magnetic configuration scans during divertor operation of Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Team, The W7-X, Andreeva, T., Geiger, J., Dinklage, A., Wurden, G., Thomsen, H., Rahbarnia, K., Schmitt, J. C., Hirsch, M., Fuchert, G., Nührenberg, C., Alonso, A., Beidler, C. D., Beurskens, M. N. A., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Brandt, C., Bykov, V., Grahl, M., Grulke, O., Killer, C., Kocsis, G., Klinger, T., Krämer-Flecken, A., Lazerson, S., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Schilling, J., Windisch, T., Gantenbein, Gerd, Huber, Martina, Illy, Stefan, Jelonnek, John, Kobarg, Thorsten, Lang, Rouven, Leonhardt, Wolfgang, Mellein, Daniel, Papenfuß, Daniel, Thumm, Manfred, Wadle, Simone, and Weggen, Jörg

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2022

22. Author Correction: Magnetic configuration effects on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author

Dinklage, A., Beidler, C. D., Helander, P., Fuchert, G., Maaßberg, H., Rahbarnia, K., Sunn Pedersen, T., Turkin, Y., Wolf, R. C., Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Blackwell, B., Bozhenkov, S., Buttenschön, B., Czarnecka, A., Effenberg, F., Feng, Y., Geiger, J., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Jakubowski, M., Klinger, T., Knauer, J., Kocsis, G., Krämer-Flecken, A., Kubkowska, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H. P., Marushchenko, N., Mollén, A., Neuner, U., Niemann, H., Pasch, E., Pablant, N., Rudischhauser, L., Smith, H. M., Schmitz, O., Stange, T., Szepesi, T., Weir, G., Windisch, T., Wurden, G. A., Zhang, D., and and the W7-X Team

Published
2018
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23. Publisher Correction: Magnetic configuration effects on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author

Dinklage, A., Beidler, C. D., Helander, P., Fuchert, G., Maaßberg, H., Rahbarnia, K., Sunn Pedersen, T., Turkin, Y., Wolf, R. C., Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Blackwell, B., Bozhenkov, S., Buttenschön, B., Czarnecka, A., Effenberg, F., Feng, Y., Geiger, J., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Jakubowski, M., Klinger, T., Knauer, J., Kocsis, G., Krämer-Flecken, A., Kubkowska, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H. P., Marushchenko, N., Mollén, A., Neuner, U., Niemann, H., Pasch, E., Pablant, N., Rudischhauser, L., Smith, H. M., Schmitz, O., Stange, T., Szepesi, T., Weir, G., Windisch, T., Wurden, G. A., Zhang, D., and and the W7-X Team

Published
2018
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25. Ion temperature clamping in Wendelstein 7-X electron cyclotron heated plasmas

Author

Beurskens, M.N.A., primary, Bozhenkov, S.A., additional, Ford, O., additional, Xanthopoulos, P., additional, Zocco, A., additional, Turkin, Y., additional, Alonso, A., additional, Beidler, C., additional, Calvo, I., additional, Carralero, D., additional, Estrada, T., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Hirsch, M., additional, Ida, K., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Killer, C., additional, Krychowiak, M., additional, Kwak, S., additional, Lazerson, S., additional, Langenberg, A., additional, Lunsford, R., additional, Pablant, N., additional, Pasch, E., additional, Pavone, A., additional, Reimold, F., additional, Romba, Th., additional, von Stechow, A., additional, Smith, H.M., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Yoshinuma, M., additional, Zhang, D., additional, Wolf, R.C., additional, and W7-X Team, the, additional

Published
2021
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26. Bolometer tomography on Wendelstein 7-X for study of radiation asymmetry

Author

Zhang, D., primary, Burhenn, R., additional, Beidler, C.D., additional, Feng, Y., additional, Thomsen, H., additional, Brandt, C., additional, Buller, S., additional, Reimold, F., additional, Hacker, P., additional, Laube, R., additional, Geiger, J., additional, Regaña, J.M.García, additional, Smith, H.M., additional, König, R., additional, Giannone, L., additional, Penzel, F., additional, Klinger, T., additional, Baldzuhn, J., additional, Bozhenkov, S., additional, Bräuer, T., additional, Brunner, J.K., additional, Buttenschön, B., additional, Damm, H., additional, Endler, M., additional, Effenberg, F., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, Gao, Y., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Knauer, J., additional, Kremeyer, T., additional, Krychowiak, M., additional, Kwak, S., additional, Laqua, H.P., additional, Langenberg, A., additional, Otte, M., additional, Pablant, N., additional, Pasch, E., additional, Rahbarnia, K., additional, Pavone, A., additional, Rudischhauser, L., additional, Svensson, J., additional, Killer, C., additional, Windisch, T., additional, and W7-X Team, the, additional

Published
2021
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28. Plasma flow measurements based on charge exchange recombination spectroscopy in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author

Alonso, J. A., Ford, O. P., Vanó, L., Äkäslompolo, S., Buller, S., McDermott, R., Smith, H. M., Baldzuhn, J., Beidler, C. D., Beurskens, M., Bozhenkov, S., Brunner, K. J., Calvo, I., Carralero, D., Dinklage, A., Estrada, T., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Knauer, J., Langenberg, A., Pablant, N. A., Pasch, E., Poloskei, P. Zs, Velasco, J. L., Windisch, T., the W7-X Team, Gantenbein, Gerd, Huber, Martina, Illy, Stefan, Jelonnek, John, Kobarg, Thorsten, Lang, Rouven, Leonhardt, Wolfgang, Mellein, Daniel, Papenfuß, Daniel, Thumm, Manfred, Wadle, Simone, Weggen, Jörg, and W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
Technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, ddc:600
Abstract

The initial operation of neutral beams in Wendelstein 7-X enabled the first measurements of carbon (C6+) temperature and rotation with a multi-chord charge exchange recombination spectroscopy system. In this article we analyse the velocity measurements obtained with this system to infer the profiles of radial electric field, E r, and net parallel velocity of fully stripped carbon ions, V ‖. We include a general treatment of the flow geometry and the velocity corrections due to the energy dependence of the charge exchange cross section. The inverted profiles are compared with neoclassical calculations for various plasma conditions and two magnetic configurations. It is found that both the E r and V ‖ experimental profiles agree in sign and order of magnitude with the neoclassical expectations and reproduce the expected dependencies on plasma parameters and magnetic configuration, within the reduced dataset presented. However, quantitative differences with respect to the neoclassical profiles are observed above the estimated errors in various conditions.

Published
2022
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29. Ion temperature clamping in Wendelstein 7-X electron cyclotron heated plasmas

Author

W7-X Team, Beurskens, M. N. A., Bozhenkov, S. A., Ford, O., Xanthopoulos, P., Zocco, A., Turkin, Y., Alonso, A., Beidler, C., Calvo, I., Carralero, D., Estrada, T., Fuchert, G., Grulke, O., Hirsch, M., Ida, K., Jakubowski, M., Killer, C., Krychowiak, M., Kwak, S., Lazerson, S., Langenberg, A., Lunsford, R., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Reimold, F., Romba, Th., Stechow, A. von, Smith, H. M., Windisch, T., Yoshinuma, M., Zhang, D., Wolf, R. C., Gantenbein, Gerd, Huber, Martina, Illy, Stefan, Jelonnek, John, Kobarg, Thorsten, Lang, Rouven, Leonhardt, Wolfgang, Mellein, Daniel, Papenfuß, Daniel, Scherer, Theo, Thumm, Manfred, Wadle, Simone, and Weggen, Jörg

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2021

30. Characterization of injection and confinement improvement through impurity induced profile modifications on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarato

Author

W7-X Team, Lunsford, R., Killer, C., Nagy, A., Gates, D. A., Klinger, T., Dinklage, A., Satheeswaran, G., Kocsis, G., Lazerson, S. A., Nespoli, F., Pablant, N. A., Stechow, A. von, Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K. J., Buttenschön, B., Carralero, D., Cseh, G., Drewelow, P., Effenberg, F., Estrada, T., Ford, O. P., Grulke, O., Hergenhahn, U., Höefel, U., Knauer, J., Krause, M., Krychowiak, M., Kwak, S., Langenberg, A., Neuner, U., Nicolai, D., Pavone, A., Puig Sitjes, A., Rahbarnia, K., Schilling, J., Svensson, J., Szepesi, T., Thomsen, H., Wauters, T., Windisch, T., Winters, V., Zhang, D., Zsuga, L., Gantenbein, Gerd, Huber, Martina, Illy, Stefan, Jelonnek, John, Kobarg, Thorsten, Lang, Rouven, Leonhardt, Wolfgang, Mellein, Daniel, Papenfuß, Daniel, Scherer, Theo, Thumm, Manfred, Wadle, Simone, Weggen, Jörg, and W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
Physics, Technology, Electron density, Plasma, Boron carbide, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electron cyclotron resonance, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Wendelstein 7-X, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ddc:600, Stellarator
Abstract

Pulsed injections of boron carbide granules into Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X) plasmas transiently increase the plasma stored energy and core ion temperatures above the reference W7-X experimental programs by up to 30%. In a series of 4 MW electron cyclotron resonance heating experiments, the PPPL Probe Mounted Powder Injector provided 50 ms bursts of 100 μm granules every 350 ms at estimated quantities ranging from approximately 1 mg/pulse to over 30 mg/pulse. For each injection, the stored energy was observed to initially drop and the radiated power transiently increased, while the radial electron density profile rose at the edge as material was assimilated. Once the injected boron carbide was fully absorbed, the density rise transitioned to the core while the stored energy increased above the previous baseline level by an amount linearly correlated with the injection quantity. During the injection, the ion temperature gradient steepened with peak core ion temperatures observed to increase from a nominal 1.7 keV to over 2.6 keV for the largest injection amounts. Enhanced performance is accompanied by a reversal of the radial electric field at ρ < 0.3, indicating that the core transport has switched to the ion root. These observations are suggestive of a change in transport and provide further evidence that externally induced profile modifications provide a possible path to enhanced W7-X performance metrics.I. INTRODUCTIO

Published
2021
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31. Impact of magnetic islands on plasma flow and turbulence in W7-X

Author

W7-X Team, Estrada, T., Maragkoudakis, E., Carralero, D., Windisch, T., Velasco, J. L., Killer, C., Andreeva, T., Geiger, J., Dinklage, A., Krämer-Flecken, A., Wurden, G. A., Beurskens, M., Bozhenkov, S., Damm, H., Fuchert, G., Pasch, E., Gantenbein, Gerd, Huber, Martina, Illy, Stefan, Jelonnek, John, Kobarg, Thorsten, Lang, Rouven, Leonhardt, Wolfgang, Mellein, Daniel, Papenfuß, Daniel, Scherer, Theo, Thumm, Manfred, Wadle, Simone, Weggen, Jörg, and W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
Physics, Technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Plasma flow, Turbulence, 0103 physical sciences, Mechanics, ddc:620, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter Physics, ddc:600, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract

The effect of magnetic islands on plasma flow and turbulence has been experimentally investigated in the stellarator W7-X. Magnetic configurations with the 5/5 magnetic island positioned at the plasma edge, inside the last closed flux surface, are studied. The main diagnostic used in the present work is a V-band Doppler reflectometer that allows the measurement of the perpendicular plasma flow and density fluctuations with good spatial resolution. A characteristic signature of the 5/5 magnetic island is clearly detected in the perpendicular flow profile. The comparison of the experimental flow and the neoclassically driven E × B flow indicates that the island contribution to the flow is maximum at the island boundaries and close to zero at the island O-point. Besides, a reduction in the density fluctuation level is found nearby the island O-point. The similarities between these observations and those found in other devices and in gyrokinetic simulations are discussed.

Published
2021
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32. Core plasma density fluctuations in Wendelstein 7-X ECRH plasmas

Author

Bähner, J., Alcuson, J., Hansen, S., Stechow, A., Grulke, O., Windisch, T., Smith, H., Huang, Z., Edlund, E., Porkolab, M., Beurskens, M., Bozhenkov, S., Ford, O., Vano, L., Langenberg, A., Pablant, N., and W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Published
2021

33. Demonstration of reduced neoclassical energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

W7-X Team, Beidler, C. D., Smith, H. M., Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Baldzuhn, J., Beurskens, M. N. A., Borchardt, M., Bozhenkov, S. A., Brunner, K. J., Damm, H., Drevlak, M., Ford, O. P., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Helander, P., Hergenhahn, U., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Kazakov, Ye. O., Kleiber, R., Krychowiak, M., Kwak, S., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H. P., Neuner, U., Pablant, N. A., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Pedersen, T. S., Rahbarnia, K., Schilling, J., Scott, E. R., Stange, T., Svensson, J., Thomsen, H., Turkin, Y., Warmer, F., Wolf, R. C., Zhang, D., Abramovic, I., Äkäslompolo, S., Alcusón, J., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Ali, A., Anda, G., Ascasibar, E., Bähner, J. P., Baek, S. G., Balden, M., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Behr, W., Benndorf, A., Biedermann, C., Biel, W., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Ballinger, S., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L.-G., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Bosch, H.-S., Brakel, R., Brand, H., Brandt, C., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K.-J., Burhenn, R., Bussiahn, R., Buttenschön, B., Bykov, V., Cai, J., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chaudhary, N., Chauvin, D., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Claps, G., Coenen, J., Cole, M., Cole, M. J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., Molin, A. da, Silva, A. da, Pena, A. de la, Degenkolbe, S., Dhard, C. P., Dibon, M., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Durodie, F., Edlund, E., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Elgeti, S., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Flom, E., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W. H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Gates, D., Geiger, B., Giannella, V., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Greuner, H., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Grulke, O., Guerard, C., Hacker, P., Han, X., Harris, J. H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Henneberg, S., Henkel, M., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hollfeld, K. P., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huang, Z., Hubeny, M., Huber, M., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Jablonski, S., Jakubowski, M., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Jesche, T., Jia, M., Junghanns, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J.-P., Kamionka, U., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kenmochi, N., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Klinger, T., Knauer, J., Knaup, M., Knieps, A., Kobarg, T., Kocsis, G., Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., König, R., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J.-P., Köster, F., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krom, J., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurz, P. A., Landreman, M., Lang, P., Lang, R., Langish, S., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, C., Liu, S., Lobsien, J.-F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Maaßberg, H., Marchuk, O., Matthew, J. H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, P., Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, A., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Murakami, S., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Ngo, T., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S. K., Niemann, H., Nishizawa, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., Nührenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J. W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Papenfuß, D., Paqay, S., Pawelec, E., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Puiatti, M.-E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., Récsei, S., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Risse, K., Rohde, V., Röhlinger, H., Romé, M., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Salewski, M., Samartsev, A., Sanchez, M., Sano, F., Satake, S., Schacht, J., Satheeswaran, G., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schlaich, A., Schlisio, G., Schluck, F., Schlüter, K.-H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, M., Schröder, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Sereda, S., Shanahan, B., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Spiess, W., Spong, D. A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stejner, M., Stephey, L., Stridde, U., Suzuki, C., Szabó, V., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tamura, N., Tancetti, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thumm, M., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trimino Mora, H., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulipán, S., Unterberg, B., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., Vanó, L., Eeten, P. van, Milligen, B. van, Vuuren, A. J. van, Vela, L., Velasco, J.-L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Stechow, A. von, Vorköper, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Wang, Z., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wegner, T., Wei, Y., Weir, G., Wendorf, J., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., White, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wright, A., Wurden, G., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, Applied Physics and Science Education, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Turbulence in Fusion Plasmas, and European Commission

Subjects
Magnetically Confined Plasmas, Tokamak, Design, Helias, Nuclear engineering, Magnetically confined plasmas, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, Plasma physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, 010306 general physics, Engineering & allied operations, Stellarator, Physics, Plasma fusion, Multidisciplinary, Toroid, biology, Plasma Physics, Física, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, biology.organism_classification, Energía Nuclear, ddc:620, Wendelstein 7-X
Abstract

Research on magnetic confinement of high-temperature plasmas has the ultimate goal of harnessing nuclear fusion for the production of electricity. Although the tokamak1 is the leading toroidal magnetic-confinement concept, it is not without shortcomings and the fusion community has therefore also pursued alternative concepts such as the stellarator. Unlike axisymmetric tokamaks, stellarators possess a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field geometry. The availability of this additional dimension opens up an extensive configuration space for computational optimization of both the field geometry itself and the current-carrying coils that produce it. Such an optimization was undertaken in designing Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X)2, a large helical-axis advanced stellarator (HELIAS), which began operation in 2015 at Greifswald, Germany. A major drawback of 3D magnetic field geometry, however, is that it introduces a strong temperature dependence into the stellarator’s non-turbulent ‘neoclassical’ energy transport. Indeed, such energy losses will become prohibitive in high-temperature reactor plasmas unless a strong reduction of the geometrical factor associated with this transport can be achieved; such a reduction was therefore a principal goal of the design of W7-X. In spite of the modest heating power currently available, W7-X has already been able to achieve high-temperature plasma conditions during its 2017 and 2018 experimental campaigns, producing record values of the fusion triple product for such stellarator plasmas3,4. The triple product of plasma density, ion temperature and energy confinement time is used in fusion research as a figure of merit, as it must attain a certain threshold value before net-energy-producing operation of a reactor becomes possible1,5. Here we demonstrate that such record values provide evidence for reduced neoclassical energy transport in W7-X, as the plasma profiles that produced these results could not have been obtained in stellarators lacking a comparably high level of neoclassical optimization., Previously documented record values of the fusion triple product in the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X are shown to be evidence for reduced neoclassical energy transport in this optimized device.

Published
2021
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34. Publisher Correction: Demonstration of reduced neoclassical energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Beidler, C. D., Smith, H. M., Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Baldzuhn, J., Beurskens, M. N. A., Borchardt, M., Bozhenkov, S. A., Brunner, K. J., Damm, H., Drevlak, M., Ford, O. P., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Helander, P., Hergenhahn, U., Hirsch, M., H��fel, U., Kazakov, Ye. O., Kleiber, R., Krychowiak, M., Kwak, S., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H. P., Neuner, U., Pablant, N. A., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Pedersen, T. S., Rahbarnia, K., Schilling, J., Scott, E. R., Stange, T., Svensson, J., Thomsen, H., Turkin, Y., Warmer, F., Wolf, R. C., Zhang, D., Abramovic, I., ��k��slompolo, S., Alcus��n, J., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Ali, A., Anda, G., Ascasibar, E., B��hner, J. P., Baek, S. G., Balden, M., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Behr, W., Benndorf, A., Biedermann, C., Biel, W., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Ballinger, S., Bluhm, T., B��ckenhoff, D., B��swirth, B., B��ttger, L.-G., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Bosch, H.-S., Brakel, R., Brand, H., Brandt, C., Br��uer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K.-J., Burhenn, R., Bussiahn, R., Buttensch��n, B., Bykov, V., Cai, J., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chaudhary, N., Chauvin, D., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Claps, G., Coenen, J., Cole, M., Cole, M. J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., Da Molin, A., Da Silva, A., De La Pena, A., Degenkolbe, S., Dhard, C. P., Dibon, M., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Durodie, F., Edlund, E., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Elgeti, S., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Flom, E., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W. H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., Garc��a Rega��a, J., Gates, D., Geiger, B., Giannella, V., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Greuner, H., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Grulke, O., Guerard, C., Hacker, P., Han, X., Harris, J. H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Henneberg, S., Henkel, M., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hollfeld, K. P., H��lting, A., H��schen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huang, Z., Hubeny, M., Huber, M., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Jablonski, S., Jakubowski, M., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Jesche, T., Jia, M., Junghanns, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J.-P., Kamionka, U., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kenmochi, N., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Klinger, T., Knauer, J., Knaup, M., Knieps, A., Kobarg, T., Kocsis, G., K��chl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., K��nies, A., K��nig, R., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J.-P., K��ster, F., Kr��mer, M., Krampitz, R., Kr��mer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krom, J., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., K��hner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurz, P. A., Landreman, M., Lang, P., Lang, R., Langish, S., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, C., Liu, S., Lobsien, J.-F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., L��cke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Maa��berg, H., Marchuk, O., Matthew, J. H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, P., Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, A., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., M��nnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Murakami, S., N��fr��di, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Ngo, T., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S. K., Niemann, H., Nishizawa, T., Nocentini, R., N��hrenberg, C., N��hrenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., ��lmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J. W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Papenfu��, D., Paqay, S., Pawelec, E., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., P��l��skei, P., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Puiatti, M.-E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., R��csei, S., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Risse, K., Rohde, V., R��hlinger, H., Rom��, M., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Salewski, M., Samartsev, A., S��nchez, E., Sano, F., Satake, S., Schacht, J., Satheeswaran, G., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schlaich, A., Schlisio, G., Schluck, F., Schl��ter, K.-H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schr��der, M., Schr��der, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Sereda, S., Shanahan, B., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Sipli��, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Spiess, W., Spong, D. A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stejner, M., Stephey, L., Stridde, U., Suzuki, C., Szab��, V., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Sz��kefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tamura, N., Tancetti, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thumm, M., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trimino Mora, H., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulip��n, S., Unterberg, B., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., Van��, L., Van Eeten, P., Van Milligen, B., Van Vuuren, A. J., Vela, L., Velasco, J.-L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Von Stechow, A., Vork��per, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Wang, Z., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wegner, T., Wei, Y., Weir, G., Wendorf, J., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., White, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wright, A., Wurden, G., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., and Zuin, M.

Subjects
Chemical engineering, ddc:660
Published
2021

35. Application of the elliptic approximation model for the edge turbulence rotation measurement via the poloidal correlation reflectometer in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

W7-X Team, Han, X., Krämer-Flecken, A., Xiang, H. M., Vécsei, M., Knieps, A., Windisch, T., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Bozhenkov, S. A., Geiger, J., Dunai, D., Trier, E., Rahbarnia, K., Zoletnik, S., Liang, Y., Gantenbein, Gerd, Huber, Martina, Illy, Stefan, Jelonnek, John, Kobarg, Thorsten, Lang, Rouven, Leonhardt, Wolfgang, Mellein, Daniel, Papenfuß, Daniel, Scherer, Theo, Thumm, Manfred, Wadle, Simone, Weggen, Jörg, and W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Turbulence, Edge (geometry), Condensed Matter Physics, Rotation, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, 0103 physical sciences, Wendelstein 7-X, 010306 general physics, ddc:600
Abstract

The perpendicular velocity (v ⊥) of turbulence is measured by means of a hopping poloidal correlation reflectometer diagnostic for the study of turbulence rotation in the plasma edge region in Wendelstein 7-X. An elliptic approximation (EA) model is applied for calculating the space-time correlation in the edge region. The v ⊥ profile is compared in the high-ι (edge ι ≈ 1.2) and limiter (edge ι < 1) configurations. It is found that the v ⊥ gradient is inversely proportional to the heating power in the high-ι configuration, which could be attributed to the turbulence activities in the plasma edge. In the limiter configuration, the v ⊥ spike is observed near the island boundary, which is corresponded to the plasma current crash. In the standard configuration (edge ι ≈ 1), the v ⊥ profile in the island region distributes as a function of the perpendicular separation. With increasing of the plasma current, the island enlarges the size as is referred from the v ⊥ scope, accompanying with steepening of the v ⊥ gradient at the boundary of the island.

Published
2021

36. An experimental characterization of core turbulence regimes in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Carralero, D., primary, Estrada, T., additional, Maragkoudakis, E., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Alonso, J.A., additional, Beurskens, M., additional, Bozhenkov, S., additional, Calvo, I., additional, Damm, H., additional, Ford, O., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, García-Regaña, J.M., additional, Pablant, N., additional, Sánchez, E., additional, Pasch, E., additional, Velasco, J.L., additional, and Wendelstein 7-X team, the, additional

Published
2021
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37. Phase contrast imaging measurements and numerical simulations of turbulent density fluctuations in gas-fuelled ECRH discharges in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Baehner, J. -P., Alcuson, J. K., Hansen, S. K., von Stechow, A., Grulke, O., Windisch, T., Smith, H. M., Huang, Z., Edlund, E. M., Porkolab, M., Beurskens, M. N. A., Bozhenkov, S. A., Ford, O. P., Vano, L., Langenberg, A., Pablant, N., Plunk, G. G., Banon Navarro, A., Jenko, F., Baehner, J. -P., Alcuson, J. K., Hansen, S. K., von Stechow, A., Grulke, O., Windisch, T., Smith, H. M., Huang, Z., Edlund, E. M., Porkolab, M., Beurskens, M. N. A., Bozhenkov, S. A., Ford, O. P., Vano, L., Langenberg, A., Pablant, N., Plunk, G. G., Banon Navarro, A., and Jenko, F.

Abstract

The fundamental nature of turbulent density fluctuations in standard Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator discharges is investigated experimentally via phase contrast imaging (PCI) in combination with gyrokinetic simulations with the code GENE. We find that density fluctuations are ion-temperature-gradient-driven and radially localised in the outer half of the plasma. It is shown that the line-integrated PCI measurements cover the right range of wavenumbers and a favourable toroidal and poloidal location to capture some of the strongest density fluctuations in W7-X. Due to the radial localisation of fluctuations, measured wavenumber-frequency spectra exhibit a dominant phase velocity, which can be related to the E X B rotation velocity at the radial position of a well in the neoclassical radial electric field. The match is robust against variations of heating power and line-integrated density, which is partly due to the localisation of fluctuations and partly due to effects of the radial gradient in the E X B velocity profile on the wavenumber-frequency spectrum. The latter effect is studied with a newly built synthetic PCI diagnostic and global gyrokinetic simulations with GENE-3D.

Published
2021

38. Ion temperature clamping in Wendelstein 7-X electron cyclotron heated plasmas

Author

Beurskens, M. N.A., Bozhenkov, S. A., Ford, O., Xanthopoulos, P., Zocco, A., Turkin, Y., Alonso, A., Beidler, C., Calvo, I., Carralero, D., Estrada, T., Fuchert, G., Grulke, O., Hirsch, M., Ida, K., Jakubowski, M., Killer, C., Krychowiak, M., Kwak, S., Lazerson, S., Langenberg, A., Lunsford, R., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Reimold, F., Romba, Th, Von Stechow, A., Smith, H. M., Windisch, T., Yoshinuma, M., Zhang, D., Wolf, R. C., Beurskens, M. N.A., Bozhenkov, S. A., Ford, O., Xanthopoulos, P., Zocco, A., Turkin, Y., Alonso, A., Beidler, C., Calvo, I., Carralero, D., Estrada, T., Fuchert, G., Grulke, O., Hirsch, M., Ida, K., Jakubowski, M., Killer, C., Krychowiak, M., Kwak, S., Lazerson, S., Langenberg, A., Lunsford, R., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Pavone, A., Reimold, F., Romba, Th, Von Stechow, A., Smith, H. M., Windisch, T., Yoshinuma, M., Zhang, D., and Wolf, R. C.

Published
2021

40. Application of the elliptic approximation model for the edge turbulence rotation measurement via the poloidal correlation reflectometer in Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Han, X., primary, Krämer-Flecken, A., additional, Xiang, H.M., additional, Vécsei, M., additional, Knieps, A., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Anda, G., additional, Andreeva, T., additional, Bozhenkov, S.A., additional, Geiger, J., additional, Dunai, D., additional, Trier, E., additional, Rahbarnia, K., additional, Zoletnik, S., additional, Liang, Y., additional, and W7-X Team, the, additional

Published
2021
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41. Radial electric field and density fluctuations measured by Doppler reflectometry during the post-pellet enhanced confinement phase in W7-X

Author

Estrada, T., primary, Carralero, D., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Sánchez, E., additional, García-Regaña, J.M., additional, Martínez-Fernández, J., additional, de la Peña, A., additional, Velasco, J.L., additional, Alonso, J.A., additional, Beurskens, M., additional, Bozhenkov, S., additional, Damm, H., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, Kleiber, R., additional, Pablant, N., additional, Pasch, E., additional, and W7-X team, the, additional

Published
2021
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42. Bolometer tomography on Wendelstein 7-X for study of radiation asymmetry

Author

W7-X Team, Zhang, D., Burhenn, R., Beidler, C. D., Feng, Y., Thomsen, H., Brandt, C., Buller, S., Reimold, F., Hacker, P., Laube, R., Geiger, J., Regaña, J. M. García, Smith, H. M., König, R., Giannone, L., Penzel, F., Klinger, T., Baldzuhn, J., Bozhenkov, S., Bräuer, T., Brunner, J. K., Buttenschön, B., Damm, H., Endler, M., Effenberg, F., Fuchert, G., Gao, Y., Jakubowski, M., Knauer, J., Kremeyer, T., Krychowiak, M., Kwak, S., Laqua, H. P., Langenberg, A., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Rahbarnia, K., Pavone, A., Rudischhauser, L., Svensson, J., Killer, C., Windisch, T., Gantenbein, Gerd, Huber, Martina, Illy, Stefan, Jelonnek, John, Kobarg, Thorsten, Lang, Rouven, Leonhardt, Wolfgang, Mellein, Daniel, Papenfuß, Daniel, Scherer, Theo, Thumm, Manfred, Wadle, Simone, Weggen, Jörg, and W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
Physics, Technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Bolometer, Radiation, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Tomography, Wendelstein 7-X, 010306 general physics, business, ddc:600, media_common
Published
2021
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