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PurposeCancer-related fatigue is a prevalent issue affecting 50–90% of cancer patients who experience fatigue at diagnosis, during therapy, and often for months or years after the completion of therapy. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of cancer-related fatigue, associated factors, and adult cancer patients’ experiences at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia.MethodsA mixed-method study was conducted from February 25 to May 15, 2023, via cross-sectional descriptive and phenomenological approaches. The validated Amharic Brief Fatigue Inventory scale and semistructured interview guide were used. The data were processed via Epi-data version 4.4.3.1 and SPSS version 24, with logistic regression analysis. The interview records and field notes were transcribed and translated from Amharic to English and then analysed thematically.ResultsAll participants (100%) completed the study, with 77.4% reporting significant fatigue. Fatigue was strongly associated with uninsured medical expenses (P = 0.008, OR = 3.22), late-stage cancer (P = 0.000, OR = 6.11), anaemia (P = 0.009, OR = 3.71), and comorbidities (P = 0.000, OR = 7.22). From the in-depth interviews with 16 participants, two main themes emerged: financial strain (giving up basics, and inability to work) and disease progression (intensified symptoms, increased treatment side effects, and managing multiple conditions).ConclusionThis study revealed that 77.4% of cancer patients experience significant fatigue, which is linked to a lack of medical insurance, late-stage cancer, anaemia, and comorbid conditions. Financial strain limits access to care, whereas disease progression and managing multiple conditions intensify fatigue. Early intervention, financial support, and integrated care are crucial for reducing fatigue and improving quality of life. Future research should focus on multicentre and longitudinal studies to improve generalizability and track fatigue progression over time.

Diet plays a critical role in shaping the gut microbiome, which in turn regulates molecular activities in the colonic mucosa. The state and composition of the gut microbiome are key factors in the development of colorectal cancer. An altered gut microbiome, linked to weakened immune responses and the production of carcinogenic substances, is a significant contributor to colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Dietary changes that involve low-fiber and phytomolecule intake, coupled with higher consumption of red meat, can raise the risk of colorectal cancer. Salutary filaments, which reach the colon undigested, are metabolized by the gut microbiome, producing short-chain fatty acids. Short-chain fatty acids possess beneficial anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties that promote colon health. A well-balanced microbiome, supported by beneficial fibers and phytochemicals, can regulate the activation of proto-oncogenes and oncogenic pathways, thereby reducing cell proliferation. Recent research suggests that an overabundance of specific microbes, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum , may contribute to adverse changes in the colonic mucosa. Positive lifestyle adjustments have been demonstrated to effectively inhibit the growth of harmful opportunistic organisms. Synbiotics, which combine probiotics and prebiotics, can protect the intestinal mucosa by enhancing immune responses and decreasing the production of harmful metabolites, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation. This narrative review provides a concise understanding of evolving evidence regarding how diet influences the gut microbiome, leading to the restoration of the colonic epithelium. It underscores the importance of a healthy, plant-based diet and associated supplements in preventing colorectal cancer by enhancing gut microbiome health.

Abstract Common mental disorders (CMDs) are a wide term that includes disorders like depression, anxiety, and somatic manifestations. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at high risk of developing a common mental disorders, which leads to a lower survival rate, poor clinical outcome, longer hospitalization, increased health-care utilization, difficulty adhering to medications, an increased risk of initiation of dialysis, poor quality of life, and an increased risk of mortality. However, there is limited study done related to common mental disorders and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients attending referral hospitals in Amhara Regional State. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospitals from January to April 2020. The study participants were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. Common mental disorders were assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-Falk Institute (SRQ-F) tool. Data were entered into Epi Data Version 3.0 then exported into STATA 14 for analysis. Both bivariable and multi-variable binary logistic regressions were done to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with a p-value of ≤ 0.05 were declared as a statistically associated with common mental disorders. In this study, 424 CKD patients were included, with a response rate of 100%. Among screened CKD patients, 40.8% was positive for common mental disorders, with a 95% CI (36–45%). Independent predictors of common mental disorders among CKD patients were poor social support [(AOR 3.1, 95% CI (1.67–5.77)], family history of mental disorders, [AOR 3.6, 95% CI (1.12–11.8)], comorbidity [AOR 1.7, 95% CI (1.03–2.78)], being female [AOR 2.69, 95% CI (1.72–4.20)], and duration of CKD (AOR 3.5; 95% CI (2.28–5.54). Two out of five CKD patients screened for CMDs were found to be positive. Common mental disorders were more common among CKD patients with poor social support, a family history of mental disorders, comorbidity, being female, and the duration of CKD. Therefore, screening CKD patients for common mental disorders is recommended.

BackgroundPoor sleep quality is linked to physiological dysfunction, which increases the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and other medical conditions. Despite the known health risks of sleep disturbances, literature is still scant regarding sleep quality and its associated factors among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its associated factors among healthcare professionals at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 418 healthcare professionals participated in the study. The study participants were chosen using the stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality of participants. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression models were used. p ≤ 0.05 was used to declare statistically significant variables.ResultsThe mean age of the study participants was 30.7 years (SD ± 6.3). The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality was 58.9% [95% CI (54.2, 63.6%)]. Being female [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.9, 95% CI (1.2, 2.9)], being a shift worker [AOR = 5.7, 95% CI (2.3, 14.3), not performing regular exercise [AOR = 2.08 (1.2–3.6)], being a khat chewer [AOR = 3.1, 95% CI (1.2, 7.6)], and having depressive symptoms [AOR = 2.6, 95% CI (1.3, 6.8)] were significantly associated with higher odds of having poor sleep quality.ConclusionThe prevalence of poor sleep quality among healthcare professionals was found to be high. As a result, we recommend that healthcare providers at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital focus on early regular screening for sleep disturbances and pay special attention to shift work schedules and behaviors such as khat chewing, exercise, and depressive symptoms.

Cancers are one of the most public health problems worldwide. Among them, cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most prevalent cancer with 604 000 new cases and 342 000 deaths. Mostly, it is associated with Human papillomavirus (HPV). It has been caused by the aggregation of genetic and epigenetic modifications in cervical epithelial cells. Although genetic mutations are given great attention for the carcinogenesis of CC, epigenetic changes have emerged as a hotspot area for CC biomarkers research with great implications for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction of the disease. Recently, there are several studies focused on miRNAs as biomarkers of cervical cancer. However, the precise function of miRNAs in the development of cervical cancer is not still completely understood, particularly when it comes to unconventional sampling materials like cervical mucus and plasma serum. Hence, this review article will give a summary of the miRNAs profiles that emerge at different stages of cervical cancer progression and their downstream effects on target genes and associated signaling pathways. Finally, these results may provide insight into the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for the prediction or diagnosis of cervical cancer or the development of miRNA-based therapeutics against cervical cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the top cause of death among childbearing women globally and public health issue for underdeveloped nations.It is the world's second most prevalent cancer among women. In 2018, 311,000 women died due to cervical cancer.Approximately 80 % of these deaths occurred in developing countries.However, there has been insufficient research on cervical cancer screening utilisation among Ethiopian nurses, despite the fact that nurses promote women's health and play a key role in cervical cancer education. As a result, evaluating utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses is critical for program effectiveness. Objective: To assess the magnitude of utilization of cervical cancer screening and determinant factors among female Nurses in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed from October 1 to November 30, 2022. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 22 for data management and analysis. Bivariate and multi-variable logistic regressions were employed to identify the predictor variables. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05 with adjusted odds ratio calculated at 95 % CI. Result: The magnitude of utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses working in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa was 18.5 % (95 % CI: 14.2, 23.1). Having work experience > 8 years (AOR = 16.78; 95 % CI: 4.82, 58.44), history of STI (AOR = 53.72; 95 % CI: 14.18, 203.45) and having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 12.74; 95 % CI: 4.15, 39.11) were significantly associated with utilization of cervical cancer screening among female nurses. Conclusion: The overall cervical cancer screening rate among female nurses was low compared to the WHO strategy for cervical cancer elimination, which asks for 70 % of women worldwide to be checked for cervical illnesses regularly by 2030. According to the study findings, respondents' work experience, STI history, and having multiple sexual partners influenced their utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses. To boost the utilization of screening services, female nurses should place a strong emphasis on maintaining screening awareness through education and knowledge sharing.Finally, we recommend future researchers to do comparative study design to draw any scientific and credible conclusions.

Abstract Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptom is a relapsing chronic medical condition resulting from the reflux of gastric acid contents into the esophagus and throat or mouth. It interferes with social functioning, sleep, productivity, and quality of life. Despite this, the magnitude of GERD symptoms is not known in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of GERD symptoms among university students in the Amhara national regional state. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed in Amhara national regional state Universities, from April 1, 2021, to May 1, 2021. Eight hundred and forty-six students were included in the study. A stratified multistage sampling technique was employed. Data were collected by using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered via Epi Data version 4.6.0.5 and analyzed by SPSS version-26 software. The bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associated factors of GERD symptoms. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Variables having a p-value of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of GERD symptoms in this study was 32.1% (95% CI = 28.7–35.5%). Being in the age of 20–25 years (AOR = 1.74, 95%CI = 1.03–2.94), female (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.15–2.41), use of antipain (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.65–3.69) and soft drinks (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.13–2.20) were significantly associated with higher odds of GERD symptoms. Urban dwellers had less chance of having GERD symptoms (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48–0.94). Conclusion Nearly one-third of university students are affected by GERD symptoms. Age, sex, residence, use of antipain, and consumption of soft drinks were significantly associated with GERD. Reducing modifiable risk factors such as antipain use and soft drink consumption among students is advisable to decrease the disease burden.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health concern that affects both the mother's health and the development of the child.Postpartum depression is defined by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) as the development of a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) within four weeks of birth. The rate of postpartum depression statistics is lacking in developing countries. This indicates that the data can be much higher if diagnosed and reported.There for this study assessed the magnitude of postpartum depression and its associated factors among mothers attending selected public health center of Yeka sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method and materials: An institutional-based cross-sectional approach was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 among 454 postpartum women. A single population proportion equations was used to calculate the sample size for this investigation.A multi-stage sampling method was applied based on the health center they are attending.One of the eleven sub-cities in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, was chosen for this procedure using a simple random selection technique. Furthermore, four health centers from the selected sub-city were chosen using simple random selection.For data collection, structured questioners were utilised.The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, also known as the EPDS, was used to assess participants' postpartum depression. The data was validated, coded, and entered into Epi-data before being exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used. P-values less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Result: The overall prevalence of postpartum depression was 23.8 % [95 % CI (20–27.8)].Being single [AOR = 7.4, 95 % CI (4.2–12.9)], having complications during pregnancy [AOR = 2.1, 95 % CI (1.16–3.82)], Bottle feeding immediately after birth [AOR = 0.3, 95 % CI (0.13–0.66)], and having low perceived psycho-social support [AOR = 3.5, 95 % CI (1.4–8.5)] were significantly associated with postpartum depression. Conclusion and recommendation: The current study found that post postpartum depression is highly prevalent among women. As a result, we recommend that to have regular screening, follow up and mental health care in postnatal periods of pregnancy. Because the period following childbirth is stressful, especially for new mothers, emotional and psychosocial support should be provided both in the community and in health care settings. Keywords:Postpartum depression, Women, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS),Ethiopia.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial part in the process of cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. ROS involves in the oxidation of lipids and generate 4-hydroxynonenal and other compounds associated with it. Ferroptosis may be facilitated by lipid peroxidation of phospholipid bilayers. In order to offer novel ideas and directions for the investigation of disorders connected to these processes, we evaluate the function of ROS in lipid peroxidation which ultimately leads to ferroptosis as well as proposed crosstalk mechanisms between ferroptosis and other types programmed cell death.