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2. Directed conservation of the world’s reef sharks and rays

Author

Goetze, Jordan S., Heithaus, Michael R., MacNeil, M. Aaron, Harvey, Euan, Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heupel, Michelle R., Meekan, Mark, Wilson, Shaun, Bond, Mark E., Speed, Conrad W., Currey-Randall, Leanne M., Fisher, Rebecca, Sherman, C. Samantha, Kiszka, Jeremy J., Rees, Matthew J., Udyawer, Vinay, Flowers, Kathryn I., Clementi, Gina M., Asher, Jacob, Beaufort, Océane, Bernard, Anthony T. F., Berumen, Michael L., Bierwagen, Stacy L., Boslogo, Tracey, Brooks, Edward J., Brown, J. Jed, Buddo, Dayne, Cáceres, Camila, Casareto, Sara, Charloo, Venkatesh, Cinner, Joshua E., Clua, Eric E. G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Cook, Neil, D’Alberto, Brooke M., de Graaf, Martin, Dornhege-Lazaroff, Mareike C., Fanovich, Lanya, Farabaugh, Naomi F., Fernando, Daniel, Ferreira, Carlos Eduardo Leite, Fields, Candace Y. A., Flam, Anna L., Floros, Camilla, Fourqurean, Virginia, Barcia, Laura García, Garla, Ricardo, Gastrich, Kirk, George, Lachlan, Graham, Rory, Hagan, Valerie, Hardenstine, Royale S., Heck, Stephen M., Heithaus, Patricia, Henderson, Aaron C., Hertler, Heidi, Hueter, Robert E., Johnson, Mohini, Jupiter, Stacy D., Kaimuddin, Muslimin, Kasana, Devanshi, Kelley, Megan, Kessel, Steven T., Kiilu, Benedict, Kyne, Fabian, Langlois, Tim, Lawe, Jaedon, Lédée, Elodie J. I., Lindfield, Steve, Maggs, Jade Q., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. Mabel, Marshall, Andrea, Matich, Philip, McCombs, Erin, McLean, Dianne, Meggs, Llewelyn, Moore, Stephen, Mukherji, Sushmita, Murray, Ryan, Newman, Stephen J., O’Shea, Owen R., Osuka, Kennedy E., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Perera, Nishan, Peterson, Bradley J., Pina-Amargós, Fabián, Ponzo, Alessandro, Prasetyo, Andhika, Quamar, L. M. Sjamsul, Quinlan, Jessica R., Razafindrakoto, Christelle F., Rolim, Fernanda A., Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei, Ruiz, Hector, Samoilys, Melita A., Sala, Enric, Sample, William R., Schärer-Umpierre, Michelle, Schoen, Sara N., Schlaff, Audrey M., Smith, Adam N. H., Sparks, Lauren, Stoffers, Twan, Tanna, Akshay, Torres, Rubén, Travers, Michael J., Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, Warren, Joseph D., Watts, Alexandra M., Wen, Colin K., Whitman, Elizabeth R., Wirsing, Aaron J., Zarza-González, Esteban, and Chapman, Demian D.

Published
2024
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3. Trophic cascades and climate change

Author

Ripple, William J., Whalen, Danielle N., Wolf, Christopher, Cao, Yuanchun, Schulte, Jessica, Swann, Sarah, Woodrich, Samuel T., Newsome, Thomas, Cairncross, Rhys, and Wirsing, Aaron J.

Published
2024
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9. Extinction risk is most acute for the world’s largest and smallest vertebrates

Author

Ripple, William J, Wolf, Christopher, Newsome, Thomas M, Hoffmann, Michael, Wirsing, Aaron J, and McCauley, Douglas J

Subjects
Life on Land, Animals, Biological Evolution, Body Size, Databases, Factual, Extinction, Biological, Models, Biological, Vertebrates, body mass, exploitation, habitat, biodiversity, extinction
Abstract

Extinction risk in vertebrates has been linked to large body size, but this putative relationship has only been explored for select taxa, with variable results. Using a newly assembled and taxonomically expansive database, we analyzed the relationships between extinction risk and body mass (27,647 species) and between extinction risk and range size (21,294 species) for vertebrates across six main classes. We found that the probability of being threatened was positively and significantly related to body mass for birds, cartilaginous fishes, and mammals. Bimodal relationships were evident for amphibians, reptiles, and bony fishes. Most importantly, a bimodal relationship was found across all vertebrates such that extinction risk changes around a body mass breakpoint of 0.035 kg, indicating that the lightest and heaviest vertebrates have elevated extinction risk. We also found range size to be an important predictor of the probability of being threatened, with strong negative relationships across nearly all taxa. A review of the drivers of extinction risk revealed that the heaviest vertebrates are most threatened by direct killing by humans. By contrast, the lightest vertebrates are most threatened by habitat loss and modification stemming especially from pollution, agricultural cropping, and logging. Our results offer insight into halting the ongoing wave of vertebrate extinctions by revealing the vulnerability of large and small taxa, and identifying size-specific threats. Moreover, they indicate that, without intervention, anthropogenic activities will soon precipitate a double truncation of the size distribution of the world's vertebrates, fundamentally reordering the structure of life on our planet.

Published
2017

10. Increase of coastal shark bite frequency linked to the COVID-19 lockdown reveals a territoriality-dominance behaviour toward humans.

Author

Clua, Eric E.G., Meyer, Carl G., Séguigne, Clémentine, and Wirsing, Aaron J.

Subjects
SHARK attacks, PREDATORY aquatic animals, STAY-at-home orders, SELF-defense, COVID-19
Abstract

The effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on wildlife aggression toward humans have received little attention. Records from French Polynesia show that the annual average of about five shark bites on humans from 2009 to 2019 increased significantly to 15 in 2020, despite the virtual absence of humans from the marine environment during a six-week curfew in April–May 2020. Bites then returned to baseline levels in 2021 (N = 4), 2022 (N = 5), and 2023 (N = 2). Most bites in 2020 occurred just after the lockdown and were attributed to gray reef sharks, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos , displaying territoriality rather than self-defense or predatory behaviours. This temporary increase in shark bites suggests that natural territorial behavior, typically suppressed by continued human presence, reemerged during the Anthropause, providing new insights into shark risks for ocean users and the management of human–predator interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. White‐tailed deer population dynamics in a multipredator landscape shaped by humans.

Author

Ganz, Taylor R., Bassing, Sarah B., DeVivo, Melia T., Gardner, Beth, Kertson, Brian N., Satterfield, Lauren C., Shipley, Lisa A., Turnock, Benjamin Y., Walker, Savanah L., Abrahamson, Derek, Wirsing, Aaron J., and Prugh, Laura R.

Subjects
DEER populations, WHITE-tailed deer, POPULATION dynamics, WOLVES, TOP predators, BOBCAT, LOGGING
Abstract

Large terrestrial mammals increasingly rely on human‐modified landscapes as anthropogenic footprints expand. Land management activities such as timber harvest, agriculture, and roads can influence prey population dynamics by altering forage resources and predation risk via changes in habitat, but these effects are not well understood in regions with diverse and changing predator guilds. In northeastern Washington state, USA, white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are vulnerable to multiple carnivores, including recently returned gray wolves (Canis lupus), within a highly human‐modified landscape. To understand the factors governing predator–prey dynamics in a human context, we radio‐collared 280 white‐tailed deer, 33 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 50 cougars (Puma concolor), 28 coyotes (C. latrans), and 14 wolves between 2016 and 2021. We first estimated deer vital rates and used a stage‐structured matrix model to estimate their population growth rate. During the study, we observed a stable to declining deer population (lambda = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.05), with 74% of Monte Carlo simulations indicating population decrease and 26% of simulations indicating population increase. We then fit Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate how predator exposure, use of human‐modified landscapes, and winter severity influenced deer survival and used these relationships to evaluate impacts on overall population growth. We found that the population growth rate was dually influenced by a negative direct effect of apex predators and a positive effect of timber harvest and agricultural areas. Cougars had a stronger effect on deer population dynamics than wolves, and mesopredators had little influence on the deer population growth rate. Areas of recent timber harvest had 55% more forage biomass than older forests, but horizontal visibility did not differ, suggesting that timber harvest did not influence predation risk. Although proximity to roads did not affect the overall population growth rate, vehicle collisions caused a substantial proportion of deer mortalities, and reducing these collisions could be a win–win for deer and humans. The influence of apex predators and forage indicates a dual limitation by top‐down and bottom‐up factors in this highly human‐modified system, suggesting that a reduction in apex predators would intensify density‐dependent regulation of the deer population owing to limited forage availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. A shifting ecological baseline after wolf extirpation.

Author

Ripple, William J, Wolf, Christopher, Beschta, Robert L, Craig, Apryle D, Curcija, Zachary S, Lundgren, Erick J, Satterfield, Lauren C, Woodrich, Samuel T, and Wirsing, Aaron J

Subjects
NATIVE species, SCIENTIFIC knowledge, OVERGRAZING, INTRODUCED species, BIOLOGICAL extinction, WOLVES, PREDATION, TROPHIC cascades
Abstract

This article explores the concept of shifting baselines in ecology, which refers to the gradual changes in ecosystems over time that redefine what is considered normal. The focus is on the loss of gray wolves and the cascading effects it has on ecosystems. The authors found that many studies on national parks in the US Northwest did not consider the historical presence of wolves, highlighting the need to recognize and study the long-term impacts of wolf extirpation for effective conservation research. The document emphasizes the importance of considering historical context and other anthropogenic impacts when studying areas without large predators, and suggests using park archives to gather historical ecological information. Understanding past conditions and their modification by human actions is crucial for ecological restoration goals. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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14. Scavenging with invasive species

Author

Newsome, Thomas, primary, Cairncross, Rhys, additional, Cunningham, Calum X., additional, Spencer, Emma E., additional, Barton, Philip S., additional, Ripple, William J., additional, and Wirsing, Aaron J., additional

Published
2023
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18. Global status and conservation potential of reef sharks

Author

MacNeil, M. Aaron, Chapman, Demian D., Heupel, Michelle, Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heithaus, Michael, Meekan, Mark, Harvey, Euan, Goetze, Jordan, Kiszka, Jeremy, Bond, Mark E., Currey-Randall, Leanne M., Speed, Conrad W., Sherman, C. Samantha, Rees, Matthew J., Udyawer, Vinay, Flowers, Kathryn I., Clementi, Gina, Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, Gorham, Taylor, Adam, M. Shiham, Ali, Khadeeja, Pina-Amargós, Fabián, Angulo-Valdés, Jorge A., Asher, Jacob, Barcia, Laura García, Beaufort, Océane, Benjamin, Cecilie, Bernard, Anthony T. F., Berumen, Michael L., Bierwagen, Stacy, Bonnema, Erika, Bown, Rosalind M. K., Bradley, Darcy, Brooks, Edd, Brown, J. Jed, Buddo, Dayne, Burke, Patrick, Cáceres, Camila, Cardeñosa, Diego, Carrier, Jeffrey C., Caselle, Jennifer E., Charloo, Venkatesh, Claverie, Thomas, Clua, Eric, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Cook, Neil, Cramp, Jessica, D’Alberto, Brooke, de Graaf, Martin, Dornhege, Mareike, Estep, Andy, Fanovich, Lanya, Farabaugh, Naomi F., Fernando, Daniel, Flam, Anna L., Floros, Camilla, Fourqurean, Virginia, Garla, Ricardo, Gastrich, Kirk, George, Lachlan, Graham, Rory, Guttridge, Tristan, Hardenstine, Royale S., Heck, Stephen, Henderson, Aaron C., Hertler, Heidi, Hueter, Robert, Johnson, Mohini, Jupiter, Stacy, Kasana, Devanshi, Kessel, Steven T., Kiilu, Benedict, Kirata, Taratu, Kuguru, Baraka, Kyne, Fabian, Langlois, Tim, Lédée, Elodie J. I., Lindfield, Steve, Luna-Acosta, Andrea, Maggs, Jade, Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. Mabel, Marshall, Andrea, Matich, Philip, McCombs, Erin, McLean, Dianne, Meggs, Llewelyn, Moore, Stephen, Mukherji, Sushmita, Murray, Ryan, Kaimuddin, Muslimin, Newman, Stephen J., Nogués, Josep, Obota, Clay, O’Shea, Owen, Osuka, Kennedy, Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Perera, Nishan, Peterson, Bradley, Ponzo, Alessandro, Prasetyo, Andhika, Quamar, L. M. Sjamsul, Quinlan, Jessica, Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei, Sala, Enric, Samoilys, Melita, Schärer-Umpierre, Michelle, Schlaff, Audrey, Simpson, Nikola, Smith, Adam N. H., Sparks, Lauren, Tanna, Akshay, Torres, Rubén, Travers, Michael J., van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits, Vigliola, Laurent, Ward, Juney, Watts, Alexandra M., Wen, Colin, Whitman, Elizabeth, Wirsing, Aaron J., Wothke, Aljoscha, Zarza-Gonzâlez, Esteban, and Cinner, Joshua E.

Published
2020
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19. Scavenging with invasive species.

Author

Newsome, Thomas, Cairncross, Rhys, Cunningham, Calum X., Spencer, Emma E., Barton, Philip S., Ripple, William J., and Wirsing, Aaron J.

Subjects
INTRODUCED species, DOGS, FERAL cats, CATS, RATTUS rattus, FERAL swine, RED fox
Abstract

Carrion acts as a hotspot of animal activity within many ecosystems globally, attracting scavengers that rely on this food source. However, many scavengers are invasive species whose impacts on scavenging food webs and ecosystem processes linked to decomposition are poorly understood. Here, we use Australia as a case study to review the extent of scavenging by invasive species that have colonised the continent since European settlement, identify the factors that influence their use of carcasses, and highlight the lesser‐known ecological effects of invasive scavengers. From 44 published studies we identified six invasive species from 48 vertebrates and four main groups of arthropods (beetles, flies, ants and wasps) that scavenge. Invasive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), feral pigs (Sus scrofa), black rats (Rattus rattus) and feral cats (Felis catus) were ranked as highly common vertebrate scavengers. Invasive European wasps (Vespula germanica) are also common scavengers where they occur. We found that the diversity of native vertebrate scavengers is lower when the proportion of invasive scavengers is higher. We highlight that the presence of large (apex) native vertebrate scavengers can decrease rates of scavenging by invasive species, but that invasive scavengers can monopolise carcass resources, outcompete native scavengers, predate other species around carcass resources and even facilitate invasion meltdowns that affect other species and ecological processes including altered decomposition rates and nutrient cycling. Such effects are likely to be widespread where invasive scavengers occur and suggest a need to determine whether excessive or readily available carcass loads are facilitating or exacerbating the impacts of invasive species on ecosystems globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Making a New Dog?

Author

NEWSOME, THOMAS M., FLEMING, PETER J. S., DICKMAN, CHRISTOPHER R., DOHERTY, TIM S., RIPPLE, WILLIAM J., RITCHIE, EUAN G., and WIRSING, AARON J.

Published
2017

27. Conserving the World’s Megafauna and Biodiversity : The Fierce Urgency of Now

Author

RIPPLE, WILLIAM J., CHAPRON, GUILLAUME, LÓPEZ-BAO, JOSÉ VICENTE, DURANT, SARAH M., MACDONALD, DAVID W., LINDSEY, PETER A., BENNETT, ELIZABETH L., BESCHTA, ROBERT L., BRUSKOTTER, JEREMY T., CAMPOS-ARCEIZ, AHIMSA, CORLETT, RICHARD T., DARIMONT, CHRIS T., DICKMAN, AMY J., DIRZO, RODOLFO, DUBLIN, HOLLY T., ESTES, JAMES A., EVERATT, KRISTOFFER T., GALETTI, MAURO, GOSWAMI, VARUN R., HAYWARD, MATT W., HEDGES, SIMON, HOFFMANN, MICHAEL, HUNTER, LUKE T. B., KERLEY, GRAHAM I. H., LETNIC, MIKE, LEVI, TAAL, MAISELS, FIONA, MORRISON, JOHN C., NELSON, MICHAEL PAUL, NEWSOME, THOMAS M., PAINTER, LUKE, PRINGLE, ROBERT M., SANDOM, CHRISTOPHER J., TERBORGH, JOHN, TREVES, ADRIAN, VAN VALKENBURGH, BLAIRE, VUCETICH, JOHN A., WIRSING, AARON J., WALLACH, ARIAN D., WOLF, CHRISTOPHER, WOODROFFE, ROSIE, YOUNG, HILLARY, and ZHANG, LI

Published
2017

29. Widespread diversity deficits of coral reef sharks and rays

Author

Simpfendorfer, Colin A., primary, Heithaus, Michael R., additional, Heupel, Michelle R., additional, MacNeil, M. Aaron, additional, Meekan, Mark, additional, Harvey, Euan, additional, Sherman, C. Samantha, additional, Currey-Randall, Leanne M., additional, Goetze, Jordan S., additional, Kiszka, Jeremy J., additional, Rees, Matthew J., additional, Speed, Conrad W., additional, Udyawer, Vinay, additional, Bond, Mark E., additional, Flowers, Kathryn I., additional, Clementi, Gina M., additional, Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, additional, Adam, M. Shiham, additional, Ali, Khadeeja, additional, Asher, Jacob, additional, Aylagas, Eva, additional, Beaufort, Océane, additional, Benjamin, Cecilie, additional, Bernard, Anthony T. F., additional, Berumen, Michael L., additional, Bierwagen, Stacy, additional, Birrell, Chico, additional, Bonnema, Erika, additional, Bown, Rosalind M. K., additional, Brooks, Edward J., additional, Brown, J. Jed, additional, Buddo, Dayne, additional, Burke, Patrick J., additional, Cáceres, Camila, additional, Cambra, Marta, additional, Cardeñosa, Diego, additional, Carrier, Jeffrey C., additional, Casareto, Sara, additional, Caselle, Jennifer E., additional, Charloo, Venkatesh, additional, Cinner, Joshua E., additional, Claverie, Thomas, additional, Clua, Eric E. G., additional, Cochran, Jesse E. M., additional, Cook, Neil, additional, Cramp, Jessica E., additional, D’Alberto, Brooke M., additional, de Graaf, Martin, additional, Dornhege, Mareike C., additional, Espinoza, Mario, additional, Estep, Andy, additional, Fanovich, Lanya, additional, Farabaugh, Naomi F., additional, Fernando, Daniel, additional, Ferreira, Carlos E. L., additional, Fields, Candace Y. A., additional, Flam, Anna L., additional, Floros, Camilla, additional, Fourqurean, Virginia, additional, Gajdzik, Laura, additional, Barcia, Laura García, additional, Garla, Ricardo, additional, Gastrich, Kirk, additional, George, Lachlan, additional, Giarrizzo, Tommaso, additional, Graham, Rory, additional, Guttridge, Tristan L., additional, Hagan, Valerie, additional, Hardenstine, Royale S., additional, Heck, Stephen M., additional, Henderson, Aaron C., additional, Heithaus, Patricia, additional, Hertler, Heidi, additional, Padilla, Mauricio Hoyos, additional, Hueter, Robert E., additional, Jabado, Rima W., additional, Joyeux, Jean-Christophe, additional, Jaiteh, Vanessa, additional, Johnson, Mohini, additional, Jupiter, Stacy D., additional, Kaimuddin, Muslimin, additional, Kasana, Devanshi, additional, Kelley, Megan, additional, Kessel, Steven T., additional, Kiilu, Benedict, additional, Kirata, Taratau, additional, Kuguru, Baraka, additional, Kyne, Fabian, additional, Langlois, Tim, additional, Lara, Frida, additional, Lawe, Jaedon, additional, Lédée, Elodie J. I., additional, Lindfield, Steve, additional, Luna-Acosta, Andrea, additional, Maggs, Jade Q., additional, Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. Mabel, additional, Marshall, Andrea, additional, Martin, Lucy, additional, Mateos-Molina, Daniel, additional, Matich, Philip, additional, McCombs, Erin, additional, McIvor, Ashlie, additional, McLean, Dianne, additional, Meggs, Llewelyn, additional, Moore, Stephen, additional, Mukherji, Sushmita, additional, Murray, Ryan, additional, Newman, Stephen J., additional, Nogués, Josep, additional, Obota, Clay, additional, Ochavillo, Domingo, additional, O'Shea, Owen, additional, Osuka, Kennedy E., additional, Papastamatiou, Yannis P., additional, Perera, Nishan, additional, Peterson, Bradley, additional, Pimentel, Caio R., additional, Pina-Amargós, Fabián, additional, Pinheiro, Hudson T., additional, Ponzo, Alessandro, additional, Prasetyo, Andhika, additional, Quamar, L. M. Sjamsul, additional, Quinlan, Jessica R., additional, Reis-Filho, José Amorim, additional, Ruiz, Hector, additional, Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei, additional, Sala, Enric, additional, de-León, Pelayo Salinas, additional, Samoilys, Melita A., additional, Sample, William R., additional, Schärer-Umpierre, Michelle, additional, Schlaff, Audrey M., additional, Schmid, Kurt, additional, Schoen, Sara N., additional, Simpson, Nikola, additional, Smith, Adam N. H., additional, Spaet, Julia L. Y., additional, Sparks, Lauren, additional, Stoffers, Twan, additional, Tanna, Akshay, additional, Torres, Rubén, additional, Travers, Michael J., additional, van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits, additional, Vigliola, Laurent, additional, Ward, Juney, additional, Warren, Joseph D., additional, Watts, Alexandra M., additional, Wen, Colin K., additional, Whitman, Elizabeth R., additional, Wirsing, Aaron J., additional, Wothke, Aljoscha, additional, Zarza-González, Esteban, additional, and Chapman, Demian D., additional

Published
2023
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34. Widespread diversity deficits of coral reef sharks and rays

Author

Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heithaus, Michael R., Heupel, Michelle R., Macneil, M.A., Meekan, Mark, Harvey, Euan, Sherman, C.S., Currey-Randall, Leanne M., Goetze, Jordan S., Kiszka, Jeremy J., Rees, Matthew J., Speed, Conrad W., Udyawer, Vinay, Bond, Mark E., Flowers, Kathryn I., Clementi, Gina M., Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, Adam, M.S., Ali, Khadeeja, Asher, Jacob, Aylagas, Eva, Beaufort, Océane, Benjamin, Cecilie, Bernard, Anthony T.F., Berumen, Michael L., Bierwagen, Stacy, Birrell, Chico, Bonnema, Erika, Bown, Rosalind M.K., Brooks, Edward J., Brown, J.J., Buddo, Dayne, Burke, Patrick J., Cáceres, Camila, Cambra, Marta, Cardeñosa, Diego, Carrier, Jeffrey C., Casareto, Sara, Caselle, Jennifer E., Charloo, Venkatesh, Cinner, Joshua E., Claverie, Thomas, Clua, Eric E.G., Cochran, Jesse E.M., Cook, Neil, Cramp, Jessica E., d’Alberto, Brooke M., de Graaf, Martin, Dornhege, Mareike C., Espinoza, Mario, Estep, Andy, Fanovich, Lanya, Farabaugh, Naomi F., Fernando, Daniel, Ferreira, Carlos E.L., Fields, Candace Y.A., Flam, Anna L., Floros, Camilla, Fourqurean, Virginia, Gajdzik, Laura, García Barcia, Laura, Garla, Ricardo, Gastrich, Kirk, George, Lachlan, Giarrizzo, Tommaso, Graham, Rory, Guttridge, Tristan L., Hagan, Valerie, Hardenstine, Royale S., Heck, Stephen M., Henderson, Aaron C., Heithaus, Patricia, Hertler, Heidi, Hoyos Padilla, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Jabado, Rima W., Joyeux, Jean-Christophe, Jaiteh, Vanessa, Johnson, Mohini, Jupiter, Stacy D., Kaimuddin, Muslimin, Kasana, Devanshi, Kelley, Megan, Kessel, Steven T., Kiilu, Benedict, Kirata, Taratau, Kuguru, Baraka, Kyne, Fabian, Langlois, Tim, Lara, Frida, Lawe, Jaedon, Lédée, Elodie J.I., Lindfield, Steve, Luna-Acosta, Andrea, Maggs, Jade Q., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M., Marshall, Andrea, Martin, Lucy, Mateos-Molina, Daniel, Matich, Philip, Mccombs, Erin, Mcivor, Ashlie, Mclean, Dianne, Meggs, Llewelyn, Moore, Stephen, Mukherji, Sushmita, Murray, Ryan, Newman, Stephen J., Nogués, Josep, Obota, Clay, Ochavillo, Domingo, O'Shea, Owen, Osuka, Kennedy E., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Perera, Nishan, Peterson, Bradley, Pimentel, Caio R., Pina-Amargós, Fabián, Pinheiro, Hudson T., Ponzo, Alessandro, Prasetyo, Andhika, Quamar, L.M.S., Quinlan, Jessica R., Reis-Filho, José Amorim, Ruiz, Hector, Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei, Sala, Enric, Salinas-de-León, Pelayo, Samoilys, Melita A., Sample, William R., Schärer-Umpierre, Michelle, Schlaff, Audrey M., Schmid, Kurt, Schoen, Sara N., Simpson, Nikola, Smith, Adam N.H., Spaet, Julia L.Y., Sparks, Lauren, Stoffers, Twan, Tanna, Akshay, Torres, Rubén, Travers, Michael J., van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits, Vigliola, Laurent, Ward, Juney, Warren, Joseph D., Watts, Alexandra M., Wen, Colin K., Whitman, Elizabeth R., Wirsing, Aaron J., Wothke, Aljoscha, Zarza-González, Esteban, Chapman, Demian D., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heithaus, Michael R., Heupel, Michelle R., Macneil, M.A., Meekan, Mark, Harvey, Euan, Sherman, C.S., Currey-Randall, Leanne M., Goetze, Jordan S., Kiszka, Jeremy J., Rees, Matthew J., Speed, Conrad W., Udyawer, Vinay, Bond, Mark E., Flowers, Kathryn I., Clementi, Gina M., Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, Adam, M.S., Ali, Khadeeja, Asher, Jacob, Aylagas, Eva, Beaufort, Océane, Benjamin, Cecilie, Bernard, Anthony T.F., Berumen, Michael L., Bierwagen, Stacy, Birrell, Chico, Bonnema, Erika, Bown, Rosalind M.K., Brooks, Edward J., Brown, J.J., Buddo, Dayne, Burke, Patrick J., Cáceres, Camila, Cambra, Marta, Cardeñosa, Diego, Carrier, Jeffrey C., Casareto, Sara, Caselle, Jennifer E., Charloo, Venkatesh, Cinner, Joshua E., Claverie, Thomas, Clua, Eric E.G., Cochran, Jesse E.M., Cook, Neil, Cramp, Jessica E., d’Alberto, Brooke M., de Graaf, Martin, Dornhege, Mareike C., Espinoza, Mario, Estep, Andy, Fanovich, Lanya, Farabaugh, Naomi F., Fernando, Daniel, Ferreira, Carlos E.L., Fields, Candace Y.A., Flam, Anna L., Floros, Camilla, Fourqurean, Virginia, Gajdzik, Laura, García Barcia, Laura, Garla, Ricardo, Gastrich, Kirk, George, Lachlan, Giarrizzo, Tommaso, Graham, Rory, Guttridge, Tristan L., Hagan, Valerie, Hardenstine, Royale S., Heck, Stephen M., Henderson, Aaron C., Heithaus, Patricia, Hertler, Heidi, Hoyos Padilla, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Jabado, Rima W., Joyeux, Jean-Christophe, Jaiteh, Vanessa, Johnson, Mohini, Jupiter, Stacy D., Kaimuddin, Muslimin, Kasana, Devanshi, Kelley, Megan, Kessel, Steven T., Kiilu, Benedict, Kirata, Taratau, Kuguru, Baraka, Kyne, Fabian, Langlois, Tim, Lara, Frida, Lawe, Jaedon, Lédée, Elodie J.I., Lindfield, Steve, Luna-Acosta, Andrea, Maggs, Jade Q., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M., Marshall, Andrea, Martin, Lucy, Mateos-Molina, Daniel, Matich, Philip, Mccombs, Erin, Mcivor, Ashlie, Mclean, Dianne, Meggs, Llewelyn, Moore, Stephen, Mukherji, Sushmita, Murray, Ryan, Newman, Stephen J., Nogués, Josep, Obota, Clay, Ochavillo, Domingo, O'Shea, Owen, Osuka, Kennedy E., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Perera, Nishan, Peterson, Bradley, Pimentel, Caio R., Pina-Amargós, Fabián, Pinheiro, Hudson T., Ponzo, Alessandro, Prasetyo, Andhika, Quamar, L.M.S., Quinlan, Jessica R., Reis-Filho, José Amorim, Ruiz, Hector, Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei, Sala, Enric, Salinas-de-León, Pelayo, Samoilys, Melita A., Sample, William R., Schärer-Umpierre, Michelle, Schlaff, Audrey M., Schmid, Kurt, Schoen, Sara N., Simpson, Nikola, Smith, Adam N.H., Spaet, Julia L.Y., Sparks, Lauren, Stoffers, Twan, Tanna, Akshay, Torres, Rubén, Travers, Michael J., van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits, Vigliola, Laurent, Ward, Juney, Warren, Joseph D., Watts, Alexandra M., Wen, Colin K., Whitman, Elizabeth R., Wirsing, Aaron J., Wothke, Aljoscha, Zarza-González, Esteban, and Chapman, Demian D.

Abstract

A global survey of coral reefs reveals that overfishing is driving resident shark species toward extinction, causing diversity deficits in reef elasmobranch (shark and ray) assemblages. Our species-level analysis revealed global declines of 60 to 73% for five common resident reef shark species and that individual shark species were not detected at 34 to 47% of surveyed reefs. As reefs become more shark-depleted, rays begin to dominate assemblages. Shark-dominated assemblages persist in wealthy nations with strong governance and in highly protected areas, whereas poverty, weak governance, and a lack of shark management are associated with depauperate assemblages mainly composed of rays. Without action to address these diversity deficits, loss of ecological function and ecosystem services will increasingly affect human communities.

Published
2023

35. Saving the World’s Terrestrial Megafauna

Author

RIPPLE, WILLIAM J., CHAPRON, GUILLAUME, LÓPEZ-BAO, JOSÉ VICENTE, DURANT, SARAH M., MACDONALD, DAVID W., LINDSEY, PETER A., BENNETT, ELIZABETH L., BESCHTA, ROBERT L., BRUSKOTTER, JEREMY T., CAMPOS-ARCEIZ, AHIMSA, CORLETT, RICHARD T., DARIMONT, CHRIS T., DICKMAN, AMY J., DIRZO, RODOLFO, DUBLIN, HOLLY T., ESTES, JAMES A., EVERATT, KRISTOFFER T., GALETTI, MAURO, GOSWAMI, VARUN R., HAYWARD, MATT W., HEDGES, SIMON, HOFFMANN, MICHAEL, HUNTER, LUKE T. B., KERLEY, GRAHAM I. H., LETNIC, MIKE, LEVI, TAAL, MAISELS, FIONA, MORRISON, JOHN C., NELSON, MICHAEL PAUL, NEWSOME, THOMAS M., PAINTER, LUKE, PRINGLE, ROBERT M., SANDOM, CHRISTOPHER J., TERBORGH, JOHN, TREVES, ADRIAN, VALKENBURGH, BLAIRE VAN, VUCETICH, JOHN A., WIRSING, AARON J., WALLACH, ARIAN D., WOLF, CHRISTOPHER, WOODROFFE, ROSIE, YOUNG, HILLARY, and ZHANG, LI

Published
2016

36. turns 50

Author

Taylor, Andrea C., primary and Wirsing, Aaron J., additional

Published
2023
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39. Author Correction: Global status and conservation potential of reef sharks

Author

MacNeil, M. Aaron, Chapman, Demian D., Heupel, Michelle, Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heithaus, Michael, Meekan, Mark, Harvey, Euan, Goetze, Jordan, Kiszka, Jeremy, Bond, Mark E., Currey-Randall, Leanne M., Speed, Conrad W., Sherman, C. Samantha, Rees, Matthew J., Udyawer, Vinay, Flowers, Kathryn I., Clementi, Gina, Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine, Gorham, Taylor, Adam, M. Shiham, Ali, Khadeeja, Pina-Amargós, Fabián, Angulo-Valdés, Jorge A., Asher, Jacob, Barcia, Laura García, Beaufort, Océane, Benjamin, Cecilie, Bernard, Anthony T. F., Berumen, Michael L., Bierwagen, Stacy, Bonnema, Erika, Bown, Rosalind M. K., Bradley, Darcy, Brooks, Edd, Brown, J. Jed, Buddo, Dayne, Burke, Patrick, Cáceres, Camila, Cardeñosa, Diego, Carrier, Jeffrey C., Caselle, Jennifer E., Charloo, Venkatesh, Claverie, Thomas, Clua, Eric, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Cook, Neil, Cramp, Jessica, D’Alberto, Brooke, de Graaf, Martin, Dornhege, Mareike, Estep, Andy, Fanovich, Lanya, Farabaugh, Naomi F., Fernando, Daniel, Flam, Anna L., Floros, Camilla, Fourqurean, Virginia, Garla, Ricardo, Gastrich, Kirk, George, Lachlan, Graham, Rory, Guttridge, Tristan, Hardenstine, Royale S., Heck, Stephen, Henderson, Aaron C., Hertler, Heidi, Hueter, Robert, Johnson, Mohini, Jupiter, Stacy, Kasana, Devanshi, Kessel, Steven T., Kiilu, Benedict, Kirata, Taratu, Kuguru, Baraka, Kyne, Fabian, Langlois, Tim, Lédée, Elodie J. I., Lindfield, Steve, Luna-Acosta, Andrea, Maggs, Jade, Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. Mabel, Marshall, Andrea, Matich, Philip, McCombs, Erin, McLean, Dianne, Meggs, Llewelyn, Moore, Stephen, Mukherji, Sushmita, Murray, Ryan, Kaimuddin, Muslimin, Newman, Stephen J., Nogués, Josep, Obota, Clay, O’Shea, Owen, Osuka, Kennedy, Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Perera, Nishan, Peterson, Bradley, Ponzo, Alessandro, Prasetyo, Andhika, Quamar, L. M. Sjamsul, Quinlan, Jessica, Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei, Sala, Enric, Samoilys, Melita, Schärer-Umpierre, Michelle, Schlaff, Audrey, Simpson, Nikola, Smith, Adam N. H., Sparks, Lauren, Tanna, Akshay, Torres, Rubén, Travers, Michael J., van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits, Vigliola, Laurent, Ward, Juney, Watts, Alexandra M., Wen, Colin, Whitman, Elizabeth, Wirsing, Aaron J., Wothke, Aljoscha, Zarza-Gonzâlez, Esteban, and Cinner, Joshua E.

Published
2020
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46. Rewilding the American West

Author

Ripple, William J, primary, Wolf, Christopher, additional, Phillips, Michael K, additional, Beschta, Robert L, additional, Vucetich, John A, additional, Kauffman, J Boone, additional, Law, Beverly E, additional, Wirsing, Aaron J, additional, Lambert, Joanna E, additional, Leslie, Elaine, additional, Vynne, Carly, additional, Dinerstein, Eric, additional, Noss, Reed, additional, Wuerthner, George, additional, DellaSala, Dominick A, additional, Bruskotter, Jeremy T, additional, Nelson, Michael Paul, additional, Crist, Eileen, additional, Darimont, Chris, additional, and Ashe, Daniel M, additional

Published
2022
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48. Advances in Our Understanding of the Ecological Importance of Sharks and Their Relatives

Author

Carrier, Jeffrey C., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heithaus, Michael R., Yopak, Kara E., Heithaus, Michael R, Dunn, Ruth, Farabaugh, N. Frances, Lester, Emily, Madin, Elizabeth, Meekan, Mark G., Papastamatiou, Yannis P, Roff, George, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Wirsing, Aaron J., Carrier, Jeffrey C., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Heithaus, Michael R., Yopak, Kara E., Heithaus, Michael R, Dunn, Ruth, Farabaugh, N. Frances, Lester, Emily, Madin, Elizabeth, Meekan, Mark G., Papastamatiou, Yannis P, Roff, George, Vaudo, Jeremy J., and Wirsing, Aaron J.

Published
2022

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