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BACKGROUND: Although many methods have been defined for colonic anastomosis, anastomotic leak still remains important for sepsis control and successful healing. AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of conventional suture, polyglactin 910 mesh, and omental flap coverage on healing and anastomotic leak in experimental colonic anastomosis in rats. METHOD: This study was conducted on 18 Wistar rats and the animals were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1: primary suture group; Group 2: primary suture plus polyglactin 910 mesh group; and Group 3: primary suture plus omental flap coverage group. Groups were compared in terms of anastomotic bursting pressure, inflammation, fibroblastic activity, neovascularization, and collagen amount. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in anastomotic bursting pressure between Groups 1 and 2 and between Groups 1 and 3 (p=0.004, p

Objective To investigate the effects of physical training on metabolic and morphological parameters of diabetic rats. Methods Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: sedentary control, trained control, sedentary diabetic and trained diabetic. Diabetes mellitus was induced by Alloxan (35mg/kg) administration for sedentary diabetic and Trained Diabetic Groups. The exercise protocol consisted of swimming with a load of 2.5% of body weight for 60 minutes per day (5 days per week) for the trained control and Trained Diabetic Groups, during 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for determinations of serum glucose, insulin, albumin and total protein. Liver samples were extracted for measurements of glycogen, protein, DNA and mitochondrial diameter determination. Results The sedentary diabetic animals presented decreased body weight, blood insulin, and hepatic glycogen, as well as increased glycemia and mitochondrial diameter. The physical training protocol in diabetic animals was efficient to recovery body weight and liver glycogen, and to decrease the hepatic mitochondrial diameter. Conclusion Physical training ameliorated hepatic metabolism and promoted important morphologic adaptations as mitochondrial diameter in liver of the diabetic rats. RESUMO Objetivo Investigar os efeitos do treinamento físico nos parâmetros morfológicos e metabólicos de ratos diabéticos. Métodos Ratos Wistar foram randomizados para quatro grupos: controle sedentário, controle treinado, diabético sedentário e diabético treinado. Diabetes mellitus foi induzido por administração de Aloxana (35mg/kg) nos Grupos Diabético Sedentário e diabético treinado. O protocolo de treinamento físico incluiu natação com carga de 2,5% do peso corporal, por 60 minutos por dia (5 dias por semana) para os Grupos Controle Treinado e diabético treinado, durante 6 semanas. Ao final do experimento, os ratos foram sacrificados, e o sangue foi coletado para determinação das concentrações séricas de glicose, insulina, albumina e proteínas totais. Amostras do fígado foram coletadas para determinação do glicogênio, proteínas, DNA e diâmetro mitocondrial. Resultados O Grupo Sedentário Diabético apresentou redução no peso corporal, insulinemia e glicogênio hepático, além de maior glicemia e diâmetro mitocondrial hepático. O protocolo de treinamento físico em animais diabéticos foi eficiente para restaurar o peso corporal e o glicogênio hepático, além de reduzir o diâmetro mitocondrial hepático. Conclusão O treinamento físico melhorou o metabolismo hepático e promoveu importantes adaptações morfológicas, como no diâmetro mitocondrial no fígado de animais diabéticos.

Resumen Introducción. La principal herramienta para el control de los triatominos, vectores de Trypanosoma cruzi, ha sido el uso masivo e intensivo de piretroides. La aparición de resistencia a estas moléculas ha planteado la necesidad de encontrar estrategias nuevas, alternativas y complementarias de control. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto tóxico de la ivermectina, la doramectina y la eprinomectina sobre Triatoma infestans y sus consecuencias en la alimentación con sangre en un modelo de roedor. Materiales y métodos. Se alimentaron ninfas de quinto estadio de T. infestans en distintos momentos sobre ratas Wistar tratadas previamente con doramectina, ivermectina, eprinomectina o dimetilsulfóxido (excipiente de control), administrados tópicamente o por vía oral. Se determinó el efecto de cada endectocida y del dimeltilsulfóxido en la cantidad de sangre ingerida, el volumen de excreciones y el porcentaje de mortalidad. Resultados. Únicamente la mortalidad de los insectos dependió del endectocida suministrado a las ratas y de la vía de administración utilizada. La doramectina causó mayor mortalidad (21,5 %) comparada con la ivermectina, la eprinomectina y el dimetilsulfóxido (16, 11 y 2,5 %, respectivamente), y la administración tópica fue más efectiva que la vía oral (23 Vs. 9,3 %). Conclusión. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran el efecto tóxico de los tres endectocidas en T. infestans. Su utilización en animales domiciliarios o que viven en el peridomicilio podría ser una interesante estrategia complementaria de la aspersión con piretroides para el control de T. infestans. Abstract Introduction: Pyrethroids have been frequently and intensively used for controlling the triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. The emergence of resistance to these insecticides has resulted in an urgent need to identify novel, alternative and complementary control strategies. Objective: To evaluate the toxic effects of ivermectin, doramectin and eprinomectin on the blood-feeding behaviour of Triatoma infestans using a rodent model. Materials and methods: Fifth instar nymphs of T. infestans were fed at different times on Wistar rats pretreated with doramectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin or dimethylsulfoxide (excipient control) topically or orally administered. We determined the effects of each insecticide and of dimethyl sulfoxide on the amount of ingested blood, the volume of faecal discharge, and the mortality rates in triatomines. Results: Only the rate of triatomine mortality was associated with the antiparasitic compounds administered and the route of administration utilized. Doramectin administration was associated with a higher mortality rate (21.5%) than ivermectin, eprinomectin and dimethylsulfoxide (16, 11 and 2.5%, respectively), and topical administration was found to be most effective for inducing mortality (23 vs. 9.3 %). Conclusion: These results demonstrate the toxic effects of the three assessed insecticides onT. infestans. The administration of ecto/endoparasiticides to domiciliary or peridomiciliary animals may serve as an interesting complementary strategy to the use of pyrethroids for the control of T. infestans.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a relação entre o refluxo êntero-gástrico e Helicobacter pylori na gênese de neoplasias epiteliais e seus precursores, no rato submetido a gastrectomia subtotal com reconstrução a Billroth II. MÉTODO: Foram operados 20 ratos machos da raça Wistar, divididos igualmente em dois grupos: um grupo controle submetido à laparotomia exploradora e outro submetido à gastrectomia subtotal a BII. Após nove meses de operados, os animais foram mortos e seus estômagos estudados quanto à quantificação de H. pylori por glândula gástrica e à alterações epiteliais neoplásicas ou pré-neoplásicas. RESULTADOS: Os animais gastrectomizados tiveram percentual maior de colonização por H. pylori, assim como de alterações epiteliais que variaram do aumento do número de mitoses ao carcinoma invasor. CONCLUSÃO: O comprometimento glandular por H. pylori aumenta com o refluxo êntero-gástrico proporcionado pela gastectomia parcial, e está associado ao desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma de coto gástrico em ratos. BACKGROUND: Gastric carcinogenesis is still under investigation. Our objective is to evaluate a possible relationship between H.pylori and entero-gastric reflux in the genesis of epithelial neoplasias after Billroth II gastrectomy in rats. METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Group I rats underwent laparotomy and group II had a Billroth II gastrectomy performed. After nine months, survivors were killed and their stomachs analysed for quantification of H.pylori and for pre-neoplastic and neoplastic changes of the epithelium. RESULTS: Group II animals had a significant higher percentage of colonization by H.pylori and their epithelium had more pathological changes that ranged from a higher number of mitotic cells to invasive carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The percentage of glandular involvement by H.pylori increases with entero-gastric reflux after partial gastrectomy and is associated to the development of gastric stump cancer in rats.