204 results on '"Wolfbeis OS"'
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2. Fluorescent chameleon labels for bioconjugation and imaging of proteins, nucleic acids, biogenic amines and surface amino groups. a review.
- Author
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Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Biogenic Amines, Fluorescent Dyes, Fluorometry, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
- Abstract
Chameleon labels (ChLs) possess the unique property of changing (visible) color and fluorescence on binding to amino groups of biomolecules. MostChLs react with primary aliphatic amino groups such as those in lysine or with amino groups artificially introduced into polynucleic acids or saccharides, but someothers also react with secondary amino groups. Under controlled circumstances, the reactions are fairly specific. The review is subdivided into the following sections: (1) An introduction and classification of fluorescent labels; (2) pyrylium labels that undergo shortwave color changes upon labelling, typically from blue to red; (3) polymethine type of labels (that also undergo shortwave color changes, typically from green to blue; (4) various other (less common) chromogenic and fluorogenic systems; (5) hemicyanine labels that undergo longwave color changes, typically from yellow to purple; (6) the application of ChLs to labeling of proteins and oligonucleotides; (7) applications to fluorometric assays and sensing; (8) applications to fluorescence imaging of biomolecules; (9) applications in studies on affinity interactions (receptor-ligand binding); (10) applications in surface and interface chemistry; and (11) applications in chromatography, electrophoresis and isotachophoresis of biomolecules., (© 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
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3. Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications.
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Steinegger A, Wolfbeis OS, and Borisov SM
- Abstract
This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that contains subsections on the definition of the pH value, a brief look back on optical methods for sensing of pH, on the effects of ionic strength on pH values and p K
a values, on the selectivity, sensitivity, precision, dynamic ranges, and temperature dependence of such sensors. Commonly used optical sensing schemes are covered in a next main chapter, with subsections on methods based on absorptiometry, reflectometry, luminescence, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance, photonic crystals, turbidity, mechanical displacement, interferometry, and solvatochromism. This is followed by sections on absorptiometric and luminescent molecular probes for use pH in sensors. Further large sections cover polymeric hosts and supports, and methods for immobilization of indicator dyes. Further and more specific sections summarize the state of the art in materials with dual functionality (indicator and host), nanomaterials, sensors based on upconversion and 2-photon absorption, multiparameter sensors, imaging, and sensors for extreme pH values. A chapter on the many sensing formats has subsections on planar, fiber optic, evanescent wave, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance and holography based sensor designs, and on distributed sensing. Another section summarizes selected applications in areas, such as medicine, biology, oceanography, bioprocess monitoring, corrosion studies, on the use of pH sensors as transducers in biosensors and chemical sensors, and their integration into flow-injection analyzers, microfluidic devices, and lab-on-a-chip systems. An extra section is devoted to current challenges, with subsections on challenges of general nature and those of specific nature. A concluding section gives an outlook on potential future trends and perspectives.- Published
- 2020
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4. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors using laser-derived graphene: A comprehensive review.
- Author
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Lahcen AA, Rauf S, Beduk T, Durmus C, Aljedaibi A, Timur S, Alshareef HN, Amine A, Wolfbeis OS, and Salama KN
- Subjects
- Electrochemical Techniques, Lasers, Biosensing Techniques, Graphite, Nanostructures
- Abstract
Laser-derived graphene (LDG) technology is gaining attention as a promising material for the development of novel electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Compared to established methods for graphene synthesis, LDG provides many advantages such as cost-effectiveness, fast electron mobility, mask-free, green synthesis, good electrical conductivity, porosity, mechanical stability, and large surface area. This review discusses, in a critical way, recent advancements in this field. First, we focused on the fabrication and doping of LDG platforms using different strategies. Next, the techniques for the modification of LDG sensors using nanomaterials, conducting polymers, biological and artificial receptors are presented. We then discussed the advances achieved for various LDG sensing and biosensing schemes and their applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety, and clinical diagnosis. Finally, the drawbacks and limitations of LDG based electrochemical biosensors are addressed, and future trends are also highlighted., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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5. Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (2015-2019).
- Author
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Wang XD and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Gases analysis, Humidity, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Biosensing Techniques, Fiber Optic Technology, Optical Fibers, Organic Chemicals analysis
- Published
- 2020
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6. A MXene-Based Wearable Biosensor System for High-Performance In Vitro Perspiration Analysis.
- Author
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Lei Y, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, He JH, Baeumner AJ, Wolfbeis OS, Wang ZL, Salama KN, and Alshareef HN
- Subjects
- Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Nanocomposites, Biosensing Techniques, Electrochemical Techniques instrumentation, Sweat chemistry, Wearable Electronic Devices
- Abstract
Wearable electrochemical biosensors for sweat analysis present a promising means for noninvasive biomarker monitoring. However, sweat-based sensing still poses several challenges, including easy degradation of enzymes and biomaterials with repeated testing, limited detection range and sensitivity of enzyme-based biosensors caused by oxygen deficiency in sweat, and poor shelf life of sensors using all-in-one working electrodes patterned by traditional techniques (e.g., electrodeposition and screen printing). Herein, a stretchable, wearable, and modular multifunctional biosensor is developed, incorporating a novel MXene/Prussian blue (Ti
3 C2 Tx /PB) composite designed for durable and sensitive detection of biomarkers (e.g., glucose and lactate) in sweat. A unique modular design enables a simple exchange of the specific sensing electrode to target the desired analytes. Furthermore, an implemented solid-liquid-air three-phase interface design leads to superior sensor performance and stability. Typical electrochemical sensitivities of 35.3 µA mm-1 cm-2 for glucose and 11.4 µA mm-1 cm-2 for lactate are achieved using artificial sweat. During in vitro perspiration monitoring of human subjects, the physiochemistry signals (glucose and lactate level) can be measured simultaneously with high sensitivity and good repeatability. This approach represents an important step toward the realization of ultrasensitive enzymatic wearable biosensors for personalized health monitoring., (© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)- Published
- 2019
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7. Mn II -Doped Cesium Lead Chloride Perovskite Nanocrystals: Demonstration of Oxygen Sensing Capability Based on Luminescent Dopants and Host-Dopant Energy Transfer.
- Author
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Lin F, Li F, Lai Z, Cai Z, Wang Y, Wolfbeis OS, and Chen X
- Abstract
The design of photoluminescence-quenching probes for molecular oxygen (O
2 ) is always a large space to explore. Luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been proposed as emerging oxygen-responsive probes, but the inherent O2 sensing of phosphorescent semiconductor NCs has not been reported so far. Here, we demonstrate the O2 sensing capability of MnII -doped CsPbCl3 nanocrystals (Mn:CsPbCl3 NCs) and reveal the role of O2 on the optical de-excitation process of such perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). By adjusting the amount and distribution of MnII dopants, as well as the host-dopant energy transfer process in PNCs, we highlight that O2 can reversibly quench the MnII emission due to the temporary disturbance to the ligand field of near-surface MnII dopants in PNCs. In phosphorescence mode, the photoluminescence intensity of the Mn:CsPbCl3 NCs is quenched by 53% on increasing O2 concentration from 0 to 100%. The Stern-Volmer plot shows a good linear in the 0-12% O2 concentration range. High sensing reversibility and rapid signal response are also achieved. In our perception, the mechanism study makes our PNCs candidates for the optical probes of O2 , and it is enlightening to explore more possibilities of the inherent O2 sensing based on the semiconductor-doped NCs (not restricted to MnII -doped PNCs) with phosphorescence emission.- Published
- 2018
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8. Expression of Concern: Magnetic mesoporous polymelamine-formaldehyde resin as an adsorbent for endocrine disrupting chemicals.
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Wolfbeis OS
- Abstract
The Editor-in-Chief is issuing an editorial expression of concern regarding the article Microchim Acta (2018) 185: 19.
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- 2018
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9. Double-mesoporous core-shell nanosystems based on platinum nanoparticles functionalized with lanthanide complexes for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal therapy.
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Zhao L, Ge X, Yan G, Wang X, Hu P, Shi L, Wolfbeis OS, Zhang H, and Sun L
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- Animals, HeLa Cells, Humans, Mice, Theranostic Nanomedicine, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Lanthanoid Series Elements, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Metal Nanoparticles, Neoplasms, Experimental diagnostic imaging, Neoplasms, Experimental drug therapy, Phototherapy, Platinum
- Abstract
A double-mesoporous nanosystem was synthesized for treating as well as imaging cancer cells by using a simple and mild method. The mesoporous platinum (Pt) nanoparticles acting as a core show excellent photothermal effect under illumination with an 808 nm near infrared (NIR) laser. The mesoporous silica linked with a lanthanide (Gd) complex acting as a shell displays potential applications as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The final mPt@mSiO
2 -GdDTPA nanosystems exhibit good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, when investigated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and histological and serum biochemistry analysis. The investigation of the photothermal effect shows that the mPt@mSiO2 -GdDTPA nanosystems exhibit an excellent photothermal therapy effect on HeLa cells and tumor-bearing mice. As theranostic agents, the nanosystems display a higher r1 value than the medical contrast agent magnevist and were successfully applied to in vivo MRI of Kunming mice. Therefore, the first systematic study on the photothermal effect of nanosystems based on mesoporous Pt nanoparticles does encourage the potential applications of metal nanoparticles and hybrid nanocomposites for cancer bioimaging and therapy.- Published
- 2017
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10. Laser-Scribed Graphene Electrodes for Aptamer-Based Biosensing.
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Fenzl C, Nayak P, Hirsch T, Wolfbeis OS, Alshareef HN, and Baeumner AJ
- Abstract
Graphene as a transducer material has produced some of the best-performing sensing approaches to date opening the door toward integrated miniaturized all-carbon point-of-care devices. Addressing this opportunity, laser-scribed graphene (LSG) electrodes are demonstrated here as highly sensitive and reliable biosensor transducers in blood serum analysis. These flexible electrodes with large electrochemical surface areas were fabricated using a direct-write laser process on polyimide foils. A universal immobilization approach is established by anchoring 1-pyrenebutyric acid to the graphene and subsequently covalently attaching an aptamer against the coagulation factor thrombin as an exemplary bioreceptor to the carboxyl groups. The resulting biosensor displays extremely low detection limits of 1 pM in buffer and 5 pM in the complex matrix of serum.
- Published
- 2017
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11. Enzyme-Based Test Strips for Visual or Photographic Detection and Quantitation of Gaseous Sulfur Mustard.
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Bidmanova S, Steiner MS, Stepan M, Vymazalova K, Gruber MA, Duerkop A, Damborsky J, Prokop Z, and Wolfbeis OS
- Abstract
Sulfur mustard is a chemical agent of high military and terroristic significance. No effective antidote exists, and sulfur mustard can be fairly easily produced in large quantity. Rapid field testing of sulfur mustard is highly desirable. Existing analytical devices for its detection are available but can suffer from low selectivity, laborious sample preparation, and/or the need for complex instrumentation. We describe a new kind of test strip for rapid detection of gaseous sulfur mustard that is based on its degradation by the enzyme haloalkane dehalogenase that is accompanied by a change of local pH. This change can be detected using pH indicators contained in the strips whose color changes from blue-green to yellow within 10 min. In addition to visual read-out, we also demonstrate quantitative reflectometric readout by using a conventional digital camera based on red-green-blue data acquisition. Organic haloalkanes, such as 1,2-dichloroethane, have a negligible interfering effect. The visual limit of detection is 20 μg/L, and the one for red-green-blue read-out is as low as 3 μg/L. The assays have good reproducibility ±6% and ±2% for interday assays and intraday assays, respectively. The strips can be stored for at least 6 months without loss of function. They are disposable and can be produced fairly rapidly and at low costs. Hence, they represent a promising tool for in-field detection of sulfur mustard.
- Published
- 2016
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12. A Phytic Acid Induced Super-Amphiphilic Multifunctional 3D Graphene-Based Foam.
- Author
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Song X, Chen Y, Rong M, Xie Z, Zhao T, Wang Y, Chen X, and Wolfbeis OS
- Abstract
Surfaces with super-amphiphilicity have attracted tremendous interest for fundamental and applied research owing to their special affinity to both oil and water. It is generally believed that 3D graphenes are monoliths with strongly hydrophobic surfaces. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of a 3D super-amphiphilic (that is, highly hydrophilic and oleophilic) graphene-based assembly in a single-step using phytic acid acting as both a gelator and as a dopant. The product shows both hydrophilic and oleophilic intelligence, and this overcomes the drawbacks of presently known hydrophobic 3D graphene assemblies. It can absorb water and oils alike. The utility of the new material was demonstrated by designing a heterogeneous catalytic system through incorporation of a zeolite into its amphiphilic 3D scaffold. The resulting bulk network was shown to enable efficient epoxidation of alkenes without prior addition of a co-solvent or stirring. This catalyst also can be recovered and re-used, thereby providing a clean catalytic process with simplified work-up., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2016
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13. Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (2013-2015).
- Author
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Wang XD and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Gases analysis, Nucleic Acids analysis, Organic Chemicals analysis, Biosensing Techniques instrumentation, Fiber Optic Technology instrumentation
- Published
- 2016
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14. Luminescent sensing and imaging of oxygen: fierce competition to the Clark electrode.
- Author
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Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Animals, Electrodes, Fiber Optic Technology, Fluorescent Dyes chemistry, Humans, Optical Imaging, Oximetry methods, Oxygen analysis, Oxygen Consumption, Oximetry instrumentation, Oxygen chemistry
- Abstract
Luminescence-based sensing schemes for oxygen have experienced a fast growth and are in the process of replacing the Clark electrode in many fields. Unlike electrodes, sensing is not limited to point measurements via fiber optic microsensors, but includes additional features such as planar sensing, imaging, and intracellular assays using nanosized sensor particles. In this essay, I review and discuss the essentials of (i) common solid-state sensor approaches based on the use of luminescent indicator dyes and host polymers; (ii) fiber optic and planar sensing schemes; (iii) nanoparticle-based intracellular sensing; and (iv) common spectroscopies. Optical sensors are also capable of multiple simultaneous sensing (such as O2 and temperature). Sensors for O2 are produced nowadays in large quantities in industry. Fields of application include sensing of O2 in plant and animal physiology, in clinical chemistry, in marine sciences, in the chemical industry and in process biotechnology., (© 2015 The Author. Bioessays published by WILEY Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2015
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15. An overview of nanoparticles commonly used in fluorescent bioimaging.
- Author
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Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Mice, Fluorescent Dyes, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Nanoparticles, Optical Imaging
- Abstract
This article gives an overview of the various kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) that are widely used for purposes of fluorescent imaging, mainly of cells and tissues. Following an introduction and a discussion of merits of fluorescent NPs compared to molecular fluorophores, labels and probes, the article assesses the kinds and specific features of nanomaterials often used in bioimaging. These include fluorescently doped silicas and sol-gels, hydrophilic polymers (hydrogels), hydrophobic organic polymers, semiconducting polymer dots, quantum dots, carbon dots, other carbonaceous nanomaterials, upconversion NPs, noble metal NPs (mainly gold and silver), various other nanomaterials, and dendrimers. Another section covers coatings and methods for surface modification of NPs. Specific examples on the use of nanoparticles in (a) plain fluorescence imaging of cells, (b) targeted imaging, (c) imaging of chemical species, and (d) imaging of temperature are given next. A final section covers aspects of multimodal imaging (such as fluorescence/nmr), imaging combined with drug and gene delivery, or imaging combined with therapy or diagnosis. The electronic supplementary information (ESI) gives specific examples for materials and methods used in imaging, sensing, multimodal imaging and theranostics such as imaging combined with drug delivery or photodynamic therapy. The article contains 273 references in the main part, and 157 references in the ESI.
- Published
- 2015
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16. Rational tailoring of ZnSnO₃/TiO₂ heterojunctions with bioinspired surface wettability for high-performance humidity nanosensors.
- Author
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Zhang Z, Huang J, Dong B, Yuan Q, He Y, and Wolfbeis OS
- Abstract
We developed a novel kind of branched heterostructure by hydrothermal growth of ZnSnO3 nanostructures on TiO2 electrospun nanofibers, and demonstrated its enhanced ability to sense humidity through a sequential cactus-inspired tailoring of the ZnSnO3 nanostructures. Combining these results with first-principles calculations, it is deduced that the concentration of water molecules adsorbed on the ZnSnO3/TiO2 heterojunction surface can be increased by reducing the surface potential barrier. Meanwhile, the bioinspired ZnSnO3 nanoneedles, which form branches on the heterostructures, can further boost their adsorption abilities for water molecules via a water collection process. The adsorbed water molecules on the tips of the ZnSnO3 nanoneedles desorb easily in a low-humidity environment due to the small area of the tips (1.5-2.5 nm). Thus, the optimal ZnSnO3/TiO2 heterostructure exhibits response and recovery times of ∼2.5 s and ∼3 s, respectively. Its good sensitivity may enable it to detect tiny fluctuations in moisture and relative humidity that may surround any high-precision instrument.
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- 2015
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17. Water dispersible upconverting nanoparticles: effects of surface modification on their luminescence and colloidal stability.
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Wilhelm S, Kaiser M, Würth C, Heiland J, Carrillo-Carrion C, Muhr V, Wolfbeis OS, Parak WJ, Resch-Genger U, and Hirsch T
- Abstract
We present a systematic study on the effect of surface ligands on the luminescence properties and colloidal stability of β-NaYF4:Yb(3+),Er(3+) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), comparing nine different surface coatings to render these UCNPs water-dispersible and bioconjugatable. A prerequisite for this study was a large-scale synthetic method that yields ∼2 g per batch of monodisperse oleate-capped UCNPs providing identical core particles. These ∼23 nm sized UCNPs display an upconversion quantum yield of ∼0.35% when dispersed in cyclohexane and excited with a power density of 150 W cm(-2), underlining their high quality. A comparison of the colloidal stability and luminescence properties of these UCNPs, subsequently surface modified with ligand exchange or encapsulation protocols, revealed that the ratio of the green (545 nm) and red (658 nm) emission bands determined at a constant excitation power density clearly depends on the surface chemistry. Modifications relying on the deposition of additional (amphiphilic) layer coatings, where the initial oleate coating is retained, show reduced non-radiative quenching by water as compared to UCNPs that are rendered water-dispersible via ligand exchange. Moreover, we could demonstrate that the brightness of the upconversion luminescence of the UCNPs is strongly affected by the type of surface modification, i.e., ligand exchange or encapsulation, yet hardly by the chemical nature of the ligand.
- Published
- 2015
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18. Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing of neurological drugs and neurotransmitters.
- Author
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Sanghavi BJ, Wolfbeis OS, Hirsch T, and Swami NS
- Abstract
Nanomaterial-modified detection systems represent a chief driver towards the adoption of electrochemical methods, since nanomaterials enable functional tunability, ability to self-assemble, and novel electrical, optical and catalytic properties that emerge at this scale. This results in tremendous gains in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and versatility. We review the electrochemical methods and mechanisms that may be applied to the detection of neurological drugs. We focus on understanding how specific nano-sized modifiers may be applied to influence the electron transfer event to result in gains in sensitivity, selectivity and versatility of the detection system. This critical review is structured on the basis of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System, specifically ATC Code N (neurotransmitters). Specific sections are dedicated to the widely used electrodes based on the carbon materials, supporting electrolytes, and on electrochemical detection paradigms for neurological drugs and neurotransmitters within the groups referred to as ATC codes N01 to N07. We finally discuss emerging trends and future challenges such as the development of strategies for simultaneous detection of multiple targets with high spatial and temporal resolutions, the integration of microfluidic strategies for selective and localized analyte pre-concentration, the real-time monitoring of neurotransmitter secretions from active cell cultures under electro- and chemotactic cues, aptamer-based biosensors, and the miniaturization of the sensing system for detection in small sample volumes and for enabling cost savings due to manufacturing scale-up. The Electronic Supporting Material (ESM) includes review articles dealing with the review topic in last 40 years, as well as key properties of the analytes, viz., pK
a values, half-life of drugs and their electrochemical mechanisms. The ESM also defines analytical figures of merit of the drugs and neurotransmitters. The article contains 198 references in the main manuscript and 207 references in the Electronic Supporting Material. Figureᅟ- Published
- 2015
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19. Upconversion nanoparticles: from hydrophobic to hydrophilic surfaces.
- Author
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Muhr V, Wilhelm S, Hirsch T, and Wolfbeis OS
- Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Photon upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have emerged as a promising new class of nanomaterials due to their ability to convert near-IR light into visible luminescence. Unfortunately, most efficient methods for preparing UCNPs yield hydrophobic materials, but water-dispersibility is needed in the major fields of applications of UCNPs, that is, in bioimaging, labeling, and bioassays. Numerous methods therefore have been reported in the past years to convert the hydrophobic surface of UCNPs to a more hydrophilic one so to render them dispersible in aqueous systems. We present a classification respective for these strategies and assess the main methods. These include (A) chemical modification of the hydrophobic (typically oleate) ligand on the surface, (B) addition of an extra layer, (C) addition of a thin shell on top of the UCNP, and (D) complete replacement of the original ligand by another one. Chemical modification (A) involves oxidation of the oleate or oleylamine and leads to particles with terminal oxygen functions. This method is less often used because solutions of the resulting UCNPs in water have limited colloidal stability, protocols are time-consuming and often give low yields, and only a limited number of functional groups can be introduced. Methods B and C involve coating of UCNPs with amphiphiles or with shells made from silica oxide, titanium oxide, or metallic gold or silver. These methods are quite versatile in terms of further modifications, for example, by further cross-linking or by applying thiol-gold chemistry. Growing an extra shell is, however, often accompanied by a higher polydispersity. Method D can be divided into subgroups based on either (i) the direct (single-step) replacement of the native ligand by a new ligand or (ii) two-step protocols using nitrosyltetrafluoroborate (NOBF4) or strong acids as reagents to produce ligand-free UCNPs prior to the attachment of a new ligand. These methods are simple and versatile, and the distance between the new ligand and the luminescent particle can be well controlled. However, the particles often have limited stability in buffer systems. The methods described also are of wider interest because they are likely to be applicable to other kinds of nanomaterials. We additionally address the need for (a) a better control of particle size and homogeneity during synthesis, (b) more reproducible methods for surface loading and modification, (c) synthetic methods giving higher yields of UCNPs, (d) materials displaying higher quantum yields in water solution without the need for tedious surface modifications, (e) improved methods for workup (including the suppression of aggregation), (f) new methods for surface characterization, and (g) more affordable reagents for use in surface modification. It is noted that most synthetic research in the area is of the trial-and-error kind, presumably due to the lack of understanding of the mechanisms causing current limitations. Finally, all particles are discussed in terms of their biocompatibility (as far as data are available), which is quintessential in terms of imaging, the largest field of application.
- Published
- 2014
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20. Targetable phosphorescent oxygen nanosensors for the assessment of tumor mitochondrial dysfunction by monitoring the respiratory activity.
- Author
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Wang XH, Peng HS, Yang L, You FT, Teng F, Hou LL, and Wolfbeis OS
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- Cell Respiration, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Luminescent Agents metabolism, Mitochondria metabolism, Nanoparticles metabolism, Neoplasms pathology, Oxygen metabolism, Oxygen Consumption, Luminescent Agents analysis, Mitochondria pathology, Nanoparticles analysis, Neoplasms metabolism, Oxygen analysis
- Abstract
Cellular respiration is a worthwhile criterion to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction by measuring the dissolved oxygen. However, most of the existing sensing strategies merely report extracellular (ec-) or intracellular (ic-) O2 rather than intramitochondrial (im-) O2 . Herein we present a method to assess tumor mitochondrial dysfunction with three phosphorescent nanosensors, which respond to ec-, ic-, and im-O2 . Time-resolved luminescence is applied to determine the respective oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) under varying respiratory conditions. Data obtained for the OCRs and on (intra)cellular O2 gradients demonstrate that mitochondria in tumor cells are distinctly less active than those of healthy cells, resulting from restrained glucose utilization of and physical injury to the mitochondria. We believe that such a site-resolved sensing strategy can be applied to numerous other situations, for example to evaluate the adverse effects of drug candidates., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2014
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21. Size dependence of the upconverted luminescence of NaYF4:Er,Yb microspheres for use in ratiometric thermometry.
- Author
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Dong B, Hua RN, Cao BS, Li ZP, He YY, Zhang ZY, and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Acrylic Resins chemistry, Electrons, Particle Size, Photons, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Erbium chemistry, Fluorides chemistry, Microspheres, Ytterbium chemistry, Yttrium chemistry
- Abstract
The size-dependent temperature sensitivity is observed on the upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Er,Yb microspheres with sizes between 0.7 and 2 μm that are prepared by a poly(acrylic acid)-assisted hydrothermal process. It is found that the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of their green upconversion emissions (with peaks at 521 and 539 nm) is strongly size-dependent at temperatures between 223 and 403 K. As the size of the spheres increases from 0.7 to 1.6 μm, the maximum sensitivity decreases from 36.8 × 10(-4) to 24.7 × 10(-4) K(-1). This effect is mainly attributed to the larger specific surface area of the smaller spheres where a relatively large number of Er(III) ions are located at the surface. This results in an increase in the efficiency of the (4)S3/2 → (2)H11/2 population process of the Er(III) ions due to stronger electron-phonon interactions with increasing T. Heating of the spheres by NIR light is also supposed to cause enhanced electron-phonon interactions in such particles.
- Published
- 2014
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22. Spectrally matched upconverting luminescent nanoparticles for monitoring enzymatic reactions.
- Author
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Wilhelm S, del Barrio M, Heiland J, Himmelstoß SF, Galbán J, Wolfbeis OS, and Hirsch T
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- Ethanol analysis, Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide metabolism, Glucose analysis, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, NAD metabolism, Nanoparticles ultrastructure, Particle Size, Spectrum Analysis, Surface Properties, X-Ray Diffraction, Yttrium chemistry, Enzymes metabolism, Luminescence, Nanoparticles chemistry
- Abstract
We report on upconverting luminescent nanoparticles (UCLNPs) that are spectrally tuned such that their emission matches the absorption bands of the two most important species associated with enzymatic redox reactions. The core-shell UCLNPs consist of a β-NaYF4 core doped with Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) ions and a shell of pure β-NaYF4. Upon 980 nm excitation, they display emission bands peaking at 360 and 475 nm, which is a perfect match to the absorption bands of the enzyme cosubstrate NADH and the coenzyme FAD, respectively. By exploiting these spectral overlaps, we have designed fluorescent detection schemes for NADH and FAD that are based on the modulation of the emission intensities of UCLNPs by FAD and NADH via an inner filter effect.
- Published
- 2014
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23. Hypoxia in Leishmania major skin lesions impairs the NO-dependent leishmanicidal activity of macrophages.
- Author
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Mahnke A, Meier RJ, Schatz V, Hofmann J, Castiglione K, Schleicher U, Wolfbeis OS, Bogdan C, and Jantsch J
- Subjects
- Animals, Arginase genetics, Arginase metabolism, Atmosphere Exposure Chambers, Hypoxia parasitology, Hypoxia pathology, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous pathology, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II genetics, Oxygen metabolism, Phenotype, Skin metabolism, Skin parasitology, Skin pathology, Hypoxia metabolism, Leishmania major metabolism, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous metabolism, Macrophages parasitology, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II metabolism
- Abstract
Cure of infections with Leishmania major is critically dependent on the ability of macrophages to induce the type 2 nitic oxide (NO) synthase (NOS2) that produces high levels of NO in the presence of ample oxygen. Therefore, we analyzed the oxygen levels found in leishmanial skin lesions and their effect on the NOS2-dependent leishmanicidal activity of macrophages (MΦ). When L. major skin lesions of self-healing C57BL/6 mice reached their maximum size, the infected tissue displayed low oxygen levels (pO2∼21 Torr). MΦ activated under these oxygen tensions failed to produce sufficient amounts of NO to clear L. major. Nos2-deficient and hypoxic wild-type macrophages displayed a similar phenotype. Killing was restored when MΦ were reoxygenated or exposed to a NO donor. The resolution of the lesion in C57BL/6 mice was paralleled by an increase of lesional pO2. When mice were kept under normobaric hypoxia, this caused a persistent suppression of the lesional pO2 and a concurrent increase of the parasite load. In Nos2-deficient mice, there was no effect of atmospheric hypoxia. Low oxygen levels found at leishmanial skin lesions impaired the NOS2-dependent leishmanicidal activity of MΦ. Hence, tissue oxygenation represents an underestimated local milieu factor that participates in the persistence of Leishmania.
- Published
- 2014
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24. Optical methods for sensing and imaging oxygen: materials, spectroscopies and applications.
- Author
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Wang XD and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Equipment Design, Biosensing Techniques methods, Nanotechnology methods, Optics and Photonics methods, Oxygen analysis, Spectrum Analysis methods
- Abstract
We review the current state of optical methods for sensing oxygen. These have become powerful alternatives to electrochemical detection and in the process of replacing the Clark electrode in many fields. The article (with 694 references) is divided into main sections on direct spectroscopic sensing of oxygen, on absorptiometric and luminescent probes, on polymeric matrices and supports, on additives and related materials, on spectroscopic schemes for read-out and imaging, and on sensing formats (such as waveguide sensing, sensor arrays, multiple sensors and nanosensors). We finally discuss future trends and applications and summarize the properties of the most often used indicator probes and polymers. The ESI† (with 385 references) gives a selection of specific applications of such sensors in medicine, biology, marine and geosciences, intracellular sensing, aerodynamics, industry and biotechnology, among others.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Luminescent dual sensors reveal extracellular pH-gradients and hypoxia on chronic wounds that disrupt epidermal repair.
- Author
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Schreml S, Meier RJ, Kirschbaum M, Kong SC, Gehmert S, Felthaus O, Küchler S, Sharpe JR, Wöltje K, Weiß KT, Albert M, Seidl U, Schröder J, Morsczeck C, Prantl L, Duschl C, Pedersen SF, Gosau M, Berneburg M, Wolfbeis OS, Landthaler M, and Babilas P
- Subjects
- Aged, Cation Transport Proteins genetics, Cation Transport Proteins metabolism, Cell Hypoxia, Cell Line, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Female, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Keratinocytes drug effects, Keratinocytes metabolism, Keratinocytes physiology, Male, Microscopy, Fluorescence methods, Middle Aged, Optical Imaging methods, Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1, Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers genetics, Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers metabolism, Varicose Ulcer pathology, Biosensing Techniques methods, Fluorescent Dyes, Re-Epithelialization, Varicose Ulcer metabolism
- Abstract
Wound repair is a quiescent mechanism to restore barriers in multicellular organisms upon injury. In chronic wounds, however, this program prematurely stalls. It is known that patterns of extracellular signals within the wound fluid are crucial to healing. Extracellular pH (pHe) is precisely regulated and potentially important in signaling within wounds due to its diverse cellular effects. Additionally, sufficient oxygenation is a prerequisite for cell proliferation and protein synthesis during tissue repair. It was, however, impossible to study these parameters in vivo due to the lack of imaging tools. Here, we present luminescent biocompatible sensor foils for dual imaging of pHe and oxygenation in vivo. To visualize pHe and oxygen, we used time-domain dual lifetime referencing (tdDLR) and luminescence lifetime imaging (LLI), respectively. With these dual sensors, we discovered centripetally increasing pHe-gradients on human chronic wound surfaces. In a therapeutic approach, we identify pHe-gradients as pivotal governors of cell proliferation and migration, and show that these pHe-gradients disrupt epidermal barrier repair, thus wound closure. Parallel oxygen imaging also revealed marked hypoxia, albeit with no correlating oxygen partial pressure (pO2)-gradient. This highlights the distinct role of pHe-gradients in perturbed healing. We also found that pHe-gradients on chronic wounds of humans are predominantly generated via centrifugally increasing pHe-regulatory Na+/H+-exchanger-1 (NHE1)-expression. We show that the modification of pHe on chronic wound surfaces poses a promising strategy to improve healing. The study has broad implications for cell science where spatial pHe-variations play key roles, e.g. in tumor growth. Furthermore, the novel dual sensors presented herein can be used to visualize pHe and oxygenation in various biomedical fields.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Photonic crystals for chemical sensing and biosensing.
- Author
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Fenzl C, Hirsch T, and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Crystallization, Biosensing Techniques methods, Photons
- Abstract
This Review covers photonic crystals (PhCs) and their use for sensing mainly chemical and biochemical parameters, with a particular focus on the materials applied. Specific sections are devoted to a) a lead-in into natural and synthetic photonic nanoarchitectures, b) the various kinds of structures of PhCs, c) reflection and diffraction in PhCs, d) aspects of sensing based on mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical, magnetic, and purely chemical stimuli, e) aspects of biosensing based on biomolecules incorporated into PhCs, and f) current trends and limitations of such sensors., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Celebrating our first year.
- Author
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Birch D, Mély Y, and Wolfbeis OS
- Abstract
The full text of this article is available in the PDF provided.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Tyrosine specific sequential labeling of proteins.
- Author
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Cserép GB, Herner A, Wolfbeis OS, and Kele P
- Subjects
- Alkynes chemistry, Azides chemistry, Catalysis, Click Chemistry, Coumarins chemical synthesis, Fluorescent Dyes chemical synthesis, Humans, Palladium chemistry, Coumarins chemistry, Fluorescent Dyes chemistry, Serum Albumin chemistry, Tyrosine chemistry
- Abstract
We report (a) on the synthesis of a long-wavelength fluorescent coumarin containing an allyloxy acetate moiety, (b) the synthesis of two linkers containing an allyloxy acetate and an alkyne or azide function, respectively, and (c) the selective modification human serum albumin by a sequential method involving Pd(II) catalyzed modification of the phenolic side chain of tyrosine residues with an alkyne bearing linker and a subsequent azide-alkyne click reaction with an azide functionalized long-wavelength emitting coumarin dye. The method is likely to be applicable to various kinds of azido-modified fluorophores, and the Pd(II)-catalyzed modification of the tyrosines may also be used to introduce other kinds of tags. With these reagents, tyrosine specific modulation of proteins and peptides becomes possible either directly or in a sequential manner., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. A highly K(+)-selective phenylaza-[18]crown-6-lariat-ether-based fluoroionophore and its application in the sensing of K+ ions with an optical sensor film and in cells.
- Author
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Ast S, Schwarze T, Müller H, Sukhanov A, Michaelis S, Wegener J, Wolfbeis OS, Körzdörfer T, Dürkop A, and Holdt HJ
- Subjects
- Fluorescence, Molecular Structure, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Crown Ethers chemistry, Gels chemistry, Ionophores chemistry, Ions chemistry, Potassium chemistry
- Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of two phenylaza-[18]crown-6 lariat ethers with a coumarin fluorophore (1 and 2) and we reveal that compound 1 is an excellent probe for K(+) ions under simulated physiological conditions. The presence of a 2-methoxyethoxy lariat group at the ortho position of the anilino moiety is crucial to the substantially increased stability of compounds 1 and 2 over their lariat-free phenylaza-[18]crown-6 ether analogues. Probe 1 shows a high K(+)/Na(+) selectivity and a 2.5-fold fluorescence enhancement was observed in the presence of 100 mM K(+) ions. A fluorescent membrane sensor, which was prepared by incorporating probe 1 into a hydrogel, showed a fully reversible response, a response time of 150 s, and a signal change of 7.8% per 1 mM K(+) within the range 1-10 mM K(+). The membrane was easily fabricated (only a single sensing layer on a solid polyester support), yet no leaching was observed. Moreover, compound 1 rapidly permeated into cells, was cytocompatible, and was suitable for the fluorescent imaging of K(+) ions on both the extracellular and intracellular levels., (Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Luminescent probes and sensors for temperature.
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Wang XD, Wolfbeis OS, and Meier RJ
- Subjects
- Lanthanoid Series Elements chemistry, Molecular Structure, Luminescent Agents chemistry, Quantum Dots, Temperature
- Abstract
Temperature (T) is probably the most fundamental parameter in all kinds of science. Respective sensors are widely used in daily life. Besides conventional thermometers, optical sensors are considered to be attractive alternatives for sensing and on-line monitoring of T. This Review article focuses on all kinds of luminescent probes and sensors for measurement of T, and summarizes the recent progress in their design and application formats. The introduction covers the importance of optical probes for T, the origin of their T-dependent spectra, and the various detection modes. This is followed by a survey on (a) molecular probes, (b) nanomaterials, and (c) bulk materials for sensing T. This section will be completed by a discussion of (d) polymeric matrices for immobilizing T-sensitive probes and (e) an overview of the various application formats of T-sensors. The review ends with a discussion on the prospects, challenges, and new directions in the design of optical T-sensitive probes and sensors.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Probes, sensors, and labels: why is real progress slow?
- Author
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Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Biosensing Techniques instrumentation, Humans, Luminescent Measurements, Staining and Labeling instrumentation, Biosensing Techniques methods, Molecular Probes therapeutic use, Staining and Labeling methods
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Ratiometric luminescence 2D in vivo imaging and monitoring of mouse skin oxygenation.
- Author
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Hofmann J, Meier RJ, Mahnke A, Schatz V, Brackmann F, Trollmann R, Bogdan C, Liebsch G, Wang XD, Wolfbeis OS, and Jantsch J
- Abstract
Tissue oxygenation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, but non-invasive, robust and user-friendly methods for its measurement in vivo still need to be established. Here, we are presenting an in vivo oxygen-detection system that uses ratiometric luminescence imaging (RLI) as a readout scheme to determine the skin oxygen tension of mouse hind footpads via side-by-side comparison with more established techniques including luminescence-lifetime imaging using planar sensor films and the polarographic electrode as the gold standard. We also demonstrate that this technology allows the detection of changes in mouse skin tissue oxygenation induced by subjecting mice to systemic hypoxia. The data demonstrate oxygen imaging based on RLI to be a most useful tool for reliably and easily analyzing and monitoring skin tissue oxygenation in vivo. This technology will advance our understanding of local regulation of skin tissue oxygenation in various disease conditions.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Ultra-small, highly stable, and membrane-impermeable fluorescent nanosensors for oxygen.
- Author
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Wang XD, Stolwijk JA, Sperber M, Meier RJ, Wegener J, and Wolfbeis OS
- Abstract
We report on the preparation of ultra-small fluorescent nanosensors for oxygen via a one-pot approach. The nanoparticles have a hydrophobic core capable of firmly hosting hydrophobic luminescent oxygen probes. Their surface is composed of a dense and long-chain poly(ethylene glycol) shell, which renders them cell-membrane impermeable but yet highly sensitive to oxygen, and also highly stable in aqueous solutions and cell culture media. These features make them potentially suitable for sensing oxygen in extracellular fluids such as blood, interstitial and brain fluid, in (micro) bioreactors and micro- or nanoscale fluidic devices. Four kinds of nanosensors are presented, whose excitation spectra cover a wide spectral range (395-630 nm), thus matching many common laser lines, and with emission maxima ranging from 565 to 800 nm, thereby minimizing interference from background luminescence of biomatter. The unquenched lifetimes are on the order of 5.8-234 μs, which-in turn-enables lifetime imaging and additional background separation via time-gated methods.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Photon-upconverting nanoparticles for optical encoding and multiplexing of cells, biomolecules, and microspheres.
- Author
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Gorris HH and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Contrast Media chemistry, Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Lanthanoid Series Elements chemistry, Photons, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Microspheres, Nanoparticles chemistry
- Abstract
Photon-upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are lanthanide-doped nanocrystals that emit visible light under near-infrared excitation (anti-Stokes emission). This unique optical property precludes background fluorescence and light scattering from biological materials. The emission of multiple and narrow emission lines is an additional hallmark of UCNPs that opens up new avenues for optical encoding. Distinct emission signatures can be obtained if the multiple emission of UCNPs is tuned by their dopant composition or by surface modification with dyes. Tuning the intensity of only one of the multiple emission lines and using another one as a constant reference signal enables the design of ratiometric codes that are resistant to fluctuations in absolute signal intensities. Combining several UCNPs each displaying a distinct set of emission lines expands the coding capacity exponentially and lays the foundation for highly multiplexed analyte detection. This Review highlights the potential of UCNPs for labeling and encoding biomolecules, microspheres, and even whole cells., (Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Multicolor upconversion nanoparticles for protein conjugation.
- Author
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Wilhelm S, Hirsch T, Patterson WM, Scheucher E, Mayr T, and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Lanthanoid Series Elements chemistry, Luminescence, Nanotechnology methods, Silicon Dioxide chemistry, Yttrium chemistry, Albumins chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Streptavidin chemistry
- Abstract
We describe the preparation of monodisperse, lanthanide-doped hexagonal-phase NaYF4 upconverting luminescent nanoparticles for protein conjugation. Their core was coated with a silica shell which then was modified with a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer and N-hydroxysuccinimide ester groups. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering. The N-hydroxysuccinimide ester functionalization renders them highly reactive towards amine nucleophiles (e.g., proteins). We show that such particles can be conjugated to proteins. The protein-reactive UCLNPs and their conjugates to streptavidin and bovine serum albumin display multicolor emissions upon 980-nm continuous wave laser excitation. Surface plasmon resonance studies were carried out to prove bioconjugation and to compare the affinity of the particles for proteins immobilized on a thin gold film.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Sensing and imaging of oxygen with parts per billion limits of detection and based on the quenching of the delayed fluorescence of (13)C70 fullerene in polymer hosts.
- Author
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Kochmann S, Baleizão C, Berberan-Santos MN, and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Carbon Isotopes, Fullerenes chemistry, Limit of Detection, Oxygen analysis, Polymers chemistry, Spectrometry, Fluorescence methods
- Abstract
We report on a new method for sensing trace oxygen in the gas phase. It is based on the extreme efficiency of the quenching of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence of isotopically enriched carbon-13 fullerene C(70) ((13)C(70)). This fullerene was dissolved in polymer matrixes of varying oxygen permeability, viz., polystyrene (PS), ethyl cellulose (EC) and an organically modified silica gel ("ormosil"; OS). The sensor films (5-10 μm thick), on photoexcitation at 470 nm, display a strong delayed photoluminescence with peaks between 670 and 700 nm. Its quenching by molecular oxygen was studied at 25 and 60 °C and at concentrations from zero up to 150 ppmv of oxygen in nitrogen. The rapid lifetime determination (RLD) method was applied to determine oxygen-dependent lifetimes and for fluorescence lifetime imaging of oxygen. The lower limits of detection (at 1% quenching) vary with the polymer used (EC ∼250 ppbv, OS ∼320 ppbv, PS ∼530 ppbv at 25 °C) and with temperature. The oxygen sensors reported here are the most sensitive ones described so far.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Welcome to Methods and Applications in Fluorescence.
- Author
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Birch D, Mély Y, and Wolfbeis OS
- Abstract
On behalf of the Editorial Board of Methods and Applications in Fluorescence and IOP Publishing we are delighted to invite you to read the first articles in our new journal. Methods and Applications in Fluorescence is forged out of the renowned MAF conference series of the same name and we fully expect the natural synergy between the two to provide the ideal platform for moving the field of fluorescence forward. Our aim is for this new journal to reflect the truly global and diverse impact fluorescence is having across many disciplines and help fluorescence achieve its full potential. Just as MAF is the leading conference in fluorescence we are confident of the high impact of this new journal. Methods and Applications in Fluorescence has a distinguished Editorial Board that is drawn from the MAF conference Permanent Steering Committee. Together with the Editorial Board and the rest of the community, the journal will closely track the very latest developments in fluorescence while delivering a fair and constructive review process. We are very pleased that this journal is backed by the Institute of Physics, one of the world's premier learned societies. IOP Publishing has a wealth of experience in science publishing that dates back to 1874. It is a not-for-profit organization that publishes over 60 journals, many on multidisciplinary topics and many including seminal contributions from Nobel Laureates. Any funding surplus generated by IOP Publishing goes directly back into science through the Institute of Physics, thus helping to nurture science for future generations. We invite submissions as regular articles, review articles and technical notes within the scope of the journal, which includes all the major aspects of fluorescence. This covers both theory and experiment across spectroscopy, imaging, materials, labels, probes and sensors. The applications of fluorescence to emerging areas in bionanotechnology, nanotechnology and medicine are very much part of the vision for the journal. Methods and Applications in Fluorescence is a journal for the whole community, so do please join us in helping to give the field of fluorescence the standing it deserves by submitting your latest and most exciting work. The success of the journal depends on all of us in the field and we look forward to working with you on this exciting project. David Birch, Yves Mély and Otto S WolfbeisEditors in Chief.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Fiber-optic chemical sensors and biosensors (2008-2012).
- Author
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Wang XD and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Electrodes, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Biosensing Techniques, Fiber Optic Technology instrumentation, Optical Fibers
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Fluorescent pH-sensitive nanoparticles in an agarose matrix for imaging of bacterial growth and metabolism.
- Author
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Wang XD, Meier RJ, and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Bacteria chemistry, Fluorescent Dyes chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Bacteria growth & development, Bacteria metabolism, Biosensing Techniques methods, Nanoparticles chemistry, Sepharose chemistry
- Abstract
Living color: fluorescent pH-sensitive nanoparticles 12 nm in diameter were prepared and incorporated into agarose gel in a Petri dish to image pH changes during bacterial growth and metabolism., (Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Optical sensing of the ionic strength using photonic crystals in a hydrogel matrix.
- Author
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Fenzl C, Wilhelm S, Hirsch T, and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Acrylic Resins chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nanoparticles chemistry, Osmolar Concentration, Photons, Polymers chemical synthesis, Polymers chemistry, Polystyrenes chemistry, Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate chemistry
- Abstract
Monodisperse, highly negatively charged, cross-linked polystyrene nanoparticles with diameters between 80 and 120 nm have been incorporated into a polyacrylamide hydrogel, where they display an iridescent color that conventionally is attributed to the so-called photonic crystal effect. The film is of red color if placed in plain water but turns to green in the presence of a 1 mM solution of an electrolyte such as sodium chloride and to purple in 100 mM solutions of electrolytes. Quantitative reflection spectroscopy was performed at various wavelengths and resulted in plots of reflected light wavelength versus ionic strength (IS) that are almost linear in the logarithmic concentration range from 5 × 10(-5) to 10(-2) mol·L(-1). We show that such films are capable of monitoring the IS of aqueous solutions in the pH range from 5 to 9. We also show that, in addition to visual and instrumental readout, the sensor films can be analyzed with a digital camera at fixed angle. The digital images were separated into their red, green, and blue channels and analyzed. The red channel was found to be best suited for determination of the IS and resulted in calibration plots that are comparable if not better than those obtained by reflectometry.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Photonic crystal based sensor for organic solvents and for solvent-water mixtures.
- Author
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Fenzl C, Hirsch T, and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Ethanol chemistry, Hexanes chemistry, Methanol chemistry, Photons, Polystyrenes chemistry, Nanoparticles, Solvents chemistry, Water chemistry
- Abstract
Monodisperse polystyrene nanoparticles with a diameter of 173 nm were incorporated into a polydimethylsiloxane matrix where they display an iridescent color that can be attributed to the photonic crystal effect. The film is of violet color if placed in plain water, but turns to red in the presence of the non-polar solvent n-hexane. Several solvents were studied in some detail. We show that such films are capable of monitoring the water content of ethanol/water mixtures, where only 1% (v/v) of water leads to a shift of the peak wavelength of reflected light by 5 nm. The method also can be applied to determine, both visually and instrumentally, the fraction of methanol in ethanol/methanol mixtures. Here, a fraction of 1% of methanol (v/v) results in a wavelength shift of 2 nm. The reflected wavelength is not influenced by temperature changes nor impeded by photobleaching. The signal changes are fully reversible and response times are <1 s.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Maleimide activation of photon upconverting nanoparticles for bioconjugation.
- Author
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Liebherr RB, Soukka T, Wolfbeis OS, and Gorris HH
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Colloids chemistry, Nanoparticles ultrastructure, Nanotechnology, Photons, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Sulfhydryl Compounds chemistry, gamma-Globulins chemistry, Luminescent Agents chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Oleic Acids chemistry
- Abstract
Photon upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have become an important new class of optical labels. Their unique property of emitting visible light after photo-excitation with near-infrared radiation enables biological imaging without background interference or cell damage. Biological applications require UCNPs that are dispersible in water and allow the attachment of biomolecules. Oleic acid-coated UCNPs obtained by solvothermal synthesis were functionalized with both hydrophilic PEG and thiol-reactive maleimides, either by ligand exchange or by silanization. Three different types of maleimide-functionalized UCNPs were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Raman spectroscopy. Ligand exchange of oleic acid by maleimide-PEG-COOH yielded UCNPs that did not aggregate, were colloidally stable and reacted readily with proteins. Such luminescent labels are required for background-free imaging and many other bioanalytical applications.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Referenced dual pressure- and temperature-sensitive paint for digital color camera read out.
- Author
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Fischer LH, Karakus C, Meier RJ, Risch N, Wolfbeis OS, Holder E, and Schäferling M
- Subjects
- Color, Indicators and Reagents, Paint, Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Pressure, Temperature, Coloring Agents chemistry, Platinum chemistry
- Abstract
The first fluorescent material for the referenced simultaneous RGB (red green blue) imaging of barometric pressure (oxygen partial pressure) and temperature is presented. This sensitive coating consists of two platinum(II) complexes as indicators and a reference dye, each of which is incorporated in appropriate polymer nanoparticles. These particles are dispersed in a polyurethane hydrogel and spread onto a solid support. The emission of the (oxygen) pressure indicator, PtTFPP, matches the red channel of a RGB color camera, whilst the emission of the temperature indicator [Pt(II) (Br-thq)(acac)] matches the green channel. The reference dye, 9,10-diphenylanthracene, emits in the blue channel. In contrast to other dual-sensitive materials, this new coating allows for the simultaneous imaging of both indicator signals, as well as the reference signal, in one RGB color picture without having to separate the signals with additional optical filters. All of these dyes are excitable with a 405 nm light-emitting diode (LED). With this new composite material, barometric pressure can be determined with a resolution of 22 mbar; the temperature can be determined with a resolution of 4.3 °C., (Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. A sprayable luminescent pH sensor and its use for wound imaging in vivo.
- Author
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Schreml S, Meier RJ, Weiß KT, Cattani J, Flittner D, Gehmert S, Wolfbeis OS, Landthaler M, and Babilas P
- Subjects
- Aerosols, Calibration, Fluorescent Dyes, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Luminescence, Luminescent Measurements instrumentation, Oxygen metabolism, Phenanthrolines, Skin injuries, Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate analogs & derivatives, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Luminescent Measurements methods, Ruthenium, Skin metabolism, Wound Healing physiology
- Abstract
Non-invasive luminescence imaging is of great interest for studying biological parameters in wound healing, tumors and other biomedical fields. Recently, we developed the first method for 2D luminescence imaging of pH in vivo on humans, and a novel method for one-stop-shop visualization of oxygen and pH using the RGB read-out of digital cameras. Both methods make use of semitransparent sensor foils. Here, we describe a sprayable ratiometric luminescent pH sensor, which combines properties of both these methods. Additionally, a major advantage is that the sensor spray is applicable to very uneven tissue surfaces due to its consistency. A digital RGB image of the spray on tissue is taken. The signal of the pH indicator (fluorescein isothiocyanate) is stored in the green channel (G), while that of the reference dye [ruthenium(II)-tris-(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)] is stored in the red channel (R). Images are processed by rationing luminescence intensities (G/R) to result in pseudocolor pH maps of tissues, e.g. wounds., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Photon upconverting nanoparticles for luminescent sensing of temperature.
- Author
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Sedlmeier A, Achatz DE, Fischer LH, Gorris HH, and Wolfbeis OS
- Abstract
Photon upconverting nanoparticles convert near-infrared into visible light (anti-Stokes emission), which strongly reduces the background of autofluorescence and light scattering in biological materials. Hexagonal NaYF(4) nanocrystals doped with Yb(3+) as the sensitizer and Er(3+)/Ho(3+)/Tm(3+) as the activator display at least two emission lines that respond differently to temperature changes. The ratio of the main emission line intensities enables a self-referenced optical readout of the temperature in the physiologically relevant range from 20 to 45 °C. Upconverting nanoparticles of the type NaYF(4):Yb, Er covered by an inactive shell of NaYF(4) are bright and allow for resolving temperature differences of less than 0.5 °C in the physiological range. The optical readout of this nanoparticle-based thermometer offers many options for imaging the two-dimensional distribution of temperature.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Efficient fluorescence "turn-on" sensing of dissolved oxygen by electrochemical switching.
- Author
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Shin IS, Hirsch T, Ehrl B, Jang DH, Wolfbeis OS, and Hong JI
- Subjects
- Electrochemistry, Furans chemistry, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Chemistry Techniques, Analytical instrumentation, Oxygen analysis, Oxygen chemistry
- Abstract
We report on a novel method for sensing oxygen that is based on the use of a perylene diimide dye (1) which is electrochemically reduced to its nonfluorescent dianion form (1(2-)). In the presence of oxygen, the dianion is oxidized to its initial form via an electron-transfer reaction with oxygen upon which fluorescence is recovered. As a result, the fluorescence intensity of the dianion solution increases upon the addition of oxygen gas. Results demonstrate that high sensitivity is obtained, and the emission intensity shows a linear correlation with oxygen content (0.0-4.0% v/v) at ambient barometric pressure. In addition, using electrochemical reduction, oxygen determination becomes regenerative, and no significant degradation is observed over several turnovers. The limit of detection is 0.4% oxygen in argon gas.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Surface plasmon resonance sensor for dissolved and gaseous carbon dioxide.
- Author
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Lang T, Hirsch T, Fenzl C, Brandl F, and Wolfbeis OS
- Abstract
We describe a novel kind of sensor for carbon dioxide. It is based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and a polymer blend that is capable of fully reversibly binding carbon dioxide. The interaction results in a change in the polarity and refractive index that can be detected via SPR. The sensor responds with high specificity. The method is simple and, unlike previous ones, enables continuous sensing over extended periods of time. It can be applied to sense both dissolved and gaseous carbon dioxide. The limits if detection of gaseous CO(2) is as low as 10 ppm.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Ultra-small, highly stable, and sensitive dual nanosensors for imaging intracellular oxygen and pH in cytosol.
- Author
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Wang XD, Stolwijk JA, Lang T, Sperber M, Meier RJ, Wegener J, and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Animals, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kidney cytology, Models, Molecular, Molecular Structure, Nanoparticles chemistry, Oxygen chemistry, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Rats, Cytosol chemistry, Nanotechnology instrumentation, Nanotechnology methods, Oxygen analysis
- Abstract
We report on the first dual nanosensors for imaging of pH values and oxygen partial pressure in cells. The sensors have a unique nanostructure in that a soft core structure is rigidized with a silane reagent, while poly(ethylene glycol) chains form an outer shell. Lipophilic oxygen-sensitive probes and reference dyes are encapsulated inside the hydrophobic core, while a pH-sensitive probe is covalently attached to the poly(ethylene glycol) end-group on the shell. The core/shell structure renders the nanosensors well dispersed and highly stable in various kinds of aqueous media. Their average size is 12 nm, and they respond to both pH and oxygen in the physiological range. They do not pass cell membranes, but can be internalized into the cellular cytosol by electroporation, upon which they enable sensing and imaging of pH values and oxygen with high spatial resolution. The nanosensor strategy shown here is expected to be applicable to the development of various other kinds of multiple nanosensors for in vivo studies.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Dating ivory by determination of 14C, 90Sr and 228/232Th.
- Author
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Schmied SA, Brunnermeier MJ, Schupfner R, and Wolfbeis OS
- Subjects
- Animals, Commerce legislation & jurisprudence, Crime, Mass Spectrometry, Mathematical Concepts, Carbon Radioisotopes analysis, Conservation of Natural Resources, Elephants, Radioisotopes analysis, Strontium Radioisotopes analysis, Thorium analysis
- Abstract
A method is described to determine the time of death of elephants. This is accomplished by analysis of the radionuclides 14C, 90Sr and 228/232Th in known samples of ivory, and in samples of unknown age. The reliability of this method is considerably increased by multi nuclide analysis., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Long time monitoring of the respiratory activity of isolated mitochondria.
- Author
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Heller A, Fischer LH, Wolfbeis OS, and Goepferich A
- Subjects
- Animals, CHO Cells, Cell Respiration physiology, Cell Separation, Cricetinae, Oxygen Consumption, Time Factors, Mitochondria metabolism
- Abstract
We have investigated the ability of optical oxygen sensors incorporated in a microplate to determine the respiratory activity of cell fractions. Different cell fractions were monitored, in particular to evaluate the long term functionality of isolated mitochondria. It is possible to continuously sense respiratory activity of isolated mitochondria over time. We found that they are functional for three hours but stop respiring at a critical limit of 20% air saturation in the system. Furthermore, inhibition and enhancement of respiratory activity were detected. In conclusion, oxygen sensors are a powerful tool to evaluate the functionality of isolated mitochondria., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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