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Surface waves called meniscus waves often appear in the systems that are close to the capillary length scale. Since the meniscus shape determines the form of the meniscus waves, the resulting streaming circulation has a structure distinct from that caused by other capillary-gravity waves recently reported in the literature. In the present study, we produce symmetric and antisymmetric meniscus shapes by controlling boundary wettability and excite meniscus waves by oscillating the meniscus vertically. The symmetric and antisymmetric configurations produce different surface capillary-gravity wave modes and streaming flow structures. The energy density of the streaming circulation increases at the rate of the fourth power of the forcing amplitude in both configurations. The flow symmetry of streaming circulation is retained under the symmetric meniscus, while it is lost under the antisymmetric meniscus. In our experiments, the streaming circulation primarily originates from the Stokes boundary layer beneath the meniscus and can be successfully explained using the existing streaming theory.

Paramagnetic magnetic resonance, a powerful technique for characterizing and identifying chemical targets, is increasingly used for imaging; however, low spin polarization at room temperature and moderate magnetic fields poses challenges for detecting small numbers of spins. In this work, we use fluorescence from nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond to detect the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of optically inactive target spins under various conditions of field magnitude and orientation. The protocol requires neither direct microwave manipulation of the NV spins nor spectral overlap between NV and target spin resonances, thus enabling broadband detection. This unexpected non-resonant coupling is attributable to a two-phonon process that relaxes NV spins proximate to the fluctuating dipole moment of the target spin, suggesting that the sensitivity is determined by the dipole-dipole coupling strength. This approach holds promise for sensitive EPR detection, particularly in settings where control over the diamond-crystal orientation is difficult. This is notably the case for biological sensing applications, where nanodiamonds are being pursued for their bright, stable fluorescence and biocompatibility.

Continuum and lattice methods are used to investigate systematic issues in the sum rule determination of $V_{us}$ using inclusive hadronic $\tau$ decay data. Results for $V_{us}$ employing assumptions for $D>4$ OPE contributions used in previous conventional implementations of this approach are shown to display unphysical dependence on the sum rule weight, $w$, and choice of upper limit, $s_0$, of the relevant experimental spectral integrals. Continuum and lattice results suggest a new implementation of the sum rule approach with not just $\vert V_{us}\vert$, but also $D>4$ effective condensates, fit to data. Lattice results are also shown to provide a quantitative assessment of truncation uncertainties for the slowly converging $D=2$ OPE series. The new sum rule implementation yields $\vert V_{us}\vert$ results free of unphysical $s_0$- and $w$-dependences and $\sim 0.0020$ higher than that obtained using the conventional implementation. With preliminary new experimental results for the $K\pi$ branching fraction, the resulting $\vert V_{us}\vert$ is in excellent agreement with that based on $K_{\ell 3}$, and compatible within errors with expectations from three-family unitarity., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Prepared for the Proceedings of the PhiPsi15, Sep. 23-26, 2015, Hefei, China. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1510.06954

A combination of continuum and lattice methods is used to investigate systematic issues in the finite-energy-sum-rule determination of $V_{us}$ based on flavor-breaking combinations of hadronic $\tau$ decay data. Results for $V_{us}$ obtained using assumptions for $D>4$ OPE contributions employed in previous conventional implementations of this approach are shown to display significant unphysical dependences on the choice of sum rule weight, $w$, and upper limit, $s_0$, of the relevant experimental spectral integrals. Continuum and lattice results suggest the necessity of a new implementation of the flavor-breaking sum rule approach, in which not only $\vert V_{us}\vert$, but also $D>4$ effective condensates are fit to data. Lattice results also provide a means of quantifying the truncation error for the slowly converging $D=2$ OPE series. The new implementation is shown to produce $\vert V_{us}\vert$ results free of unphysical $s_0$- and $w$-dependences and typically $\sim 0.0020$ higher than the (unstable) results found using the conventional implementation. With preliminary new experimental results for the $K\pi$ branching fraction, the resulting $\vert V_{us}\vert$ is in excellent agreement with that obtained from $K_{\ell 3}$, and compatible within errors with expectations from three-family unitarity., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Presented at the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Kobe, Japan

We present flux density measurements and pulse profiles for the millisecond pulsar PSR J2145-0750 spanning 37 to 81 MHz using data obtained from the first station of the Long Wavelength Array. These measurements represent the lowest frequency detection of pulsed emission from a millisecond pulsar to date. We find that the pulse profile is similar to that observed at 102 MHz. We also find that the flux density spectrum between ~40 MHz to 5 GHz is suggestive of a break and may be better fit by a model that includes spectral curvature with a rollover around 730 MHz rather than a single power law., Comment: accepted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters; 14 pages, 4 figures

We report the detection and observed characteristics of giant pulses from the Crab Nebula pulsar (B0531+21) in four frequency bands covering 20-84 MHz using the recently-completed Long Wavelength Array Station 1 (LWA1) radio telescope. In 10 hours of observations distributed over a 72-day period in Fall of 2012, 33 giant pulses having peak flux densities between 400 Jy and 2000 Jy were detected. Twenty-two of these pulses were detected simultaneously in channels of 16 MHz bandwidth centered at 44 MHz, 60 MHz, and 76 MHz, including one pulse which was also detected in a channel centered at 28 MHz. We quantify statistics of pulse amplitude and pulse shape characteristics, including pulse broadening. Amplitude statistics are consistent with expectations based on extrapolations from previous work at higher and lower frequencies. Pulse broadening is found to be relatively high, but not significantly greater than expected. We present procedures that have been found to be effective for observing giant pulses in this frequency range., Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures; accepted by the Astrophysical Journal

Progress in spintronics has been aided by characterization tools tailored to certain archetypical materials. New device structures and materials will require characterization tools that are material independent, provide sufficient resolution to image locally-varying spin properties and enable subsurface imaging. Here we report the demonstration of a novel spin-microscopy tool based on the variation of a global spin-precession signal in response to the localized magnetic field of a scanned probe. We map the local spin density in optically pumped GaAs from this spatially-averaged signal with a resolution of 5.5 microns. This methodology is also applicable to other spin properties and its resolution can be improved. It can extend spin microscopy to device structures not accessible by other techniques, such as buried interfaces and non-optically active materials, due to the universal nature of magnetic interactions between the spins and the probe., Comment: Supplementary information added at the end of the main article. Main article: 6 pages 5 figures, Supplementary: 9 pages, 6 figures. The original files are PDFLatex

The first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1) was completed in April 2011 and is currently performing observations resulting from its first call for proposals in addition to a continuing program of commissioning and characterization observations. The instrument consists of 258 dual-polarization dipoles, which are digitized and combined into beams. Four independently-steerable dual-polarization beams are available, each with two "tunings" of 16 MHz bandwidth that can be independently tuned to any frequency between 10 MHz and 88 MHz. The system equivalent flux density for zenith pointing is ~3 kJy and is approximately independent of frequency; this corresponds to a sensitivity of ~5 Jy/beam (5sigma, 1 s); making it one of the most sensitive meter-wavelength radio telescopes. LWA1 also has two "transient buffer" modes which allow coherent recording from all dipoles simultaneously, providing instantaneous all-sky field of view. LWA1 provides versatile and unique new capabilities for Galactic science, pulsar science, solar and planetary science, space weather, cosmology, and searches for astrophysical transients. Results from LWA1 will detect or tightly constrain the presence of hot Jupiters within 50 parsecs of Earth. LWA1 will provide excellent resolution in frequency and in time to examine phenomena such as solar bursts, and pulsars over a 4:1 frequency range that includes the poorly understood turnover and steep-spectrum regimes. Observations to date have proven LWA1's potential for pulsar observing, and just a few seconds with the completed 256-dipole LWA1 provide the most sensitive images of the sky at 23 MHz obtained yet. We are operating LWA1 as an open skies radio observatory, offering ~2000 beam-hours per year to the general community., Comment: accepted to the Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, 29 pages, 14 figures

LWA1 is a new radio telescope operating in the frequency range 10-88 MHz, located in central New Mexico. The telescope consists of 258 pairs of dipole-type antennas whose outputs are individually digitized and formed into beams. Simultaneously, signals from all dipoles can be recorded using one of the instrument's "all dipoles" modes, facilitating all-sky imaging. Notable features of the instrument include high intrinsic sensitivity (about 6 kJy zenith system equivalent flux density), large instantaneous bandwidth (up to 78 MHz), and 4 independently-steerable beams utilizing digital "true time delay" beamforming. This paper summarizes the design of LWA1 and its performance as determined in commissioning experiments. We describe the method currently in use for array calibration, and report on measurements of sensitivity and beamwidth., Comment: 9 pages, 14 figures, accepted by IEEE Trans. Antennas & Propagation. Various minor changes from previous version

We present experimentally derived potential curves and spin-orbit interaction functions for the strongly perturbed $A^{1}\Sigma_{u}^{+}$ and $b^{3}\Pi_{u}$ states of the cesium dimer. The results are based on data from several sources. Laser-induced fluorescence Fourier transform spectroscopy (LIF FTS) was used some time ago in the Laboratoire Aim\'{e} Cotton primarily to study the $X ^{1}\Sigma_{g}^{+}$ state. More recent work at Tsinghua University provides information from moderate resolution spectroscopy on the lowest levels of the $b^{3}\Pi_{0u}^{\pm}$ states as well as additional high resolution data. From Innsbruck University, we have precision data obtained with cold Cs$_{2}$ molecules. Recent data from Temple University was obtained using the optical-optical double resonance polarization spectroscopy technique, and finally, a group at the University of Latvia has added additional LIF FTS data. In the Hamiltonian matrix, we have used analytic potentials (the Expanded Morse Oscillator form) with both finite-difference (FD) coupled-channels and discrete variable representation (DVR) calculations of the term values. Fitted diagonal and off-diagonal spin-orbit functions are obtained and compared with {\it ab initio} results from Temple and Moscow State universities.

We update our analysis of rho-omega mixing effects in the pion form factor to incorporate the recently published BaBar e^+e^- --> pi^+\pi^- cross-sections. The implications for tau-decay-based Standard Model estimates of the leading order hadronic contribution [a_\mu]_{had}^{LO}, to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, and for the extraction of the off-diagonal vector meson self-energy matrix element, Pi_{\rho\omega}(m_\rho^2), are discussed., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures

We study the underlying event in proton-antiproton collisions by examining the behavior of charged particles (transverse momentum pT > 0.5 GeV/c, pseudorapidity |\eta| < 1) produced in association with large transverse momentum jets (~2.2 fb-1) or with Drell-Yan lepton-pairs (~2.7 fb-1) in the Z-boson mass region (70 < M(pair) < 110 GeV/c2) as measured by CDF at 1.96 TeV center-of-mass energy. We use the direction of the lepton-pair (in Drell-Yan production) or the leading jet (in high-pT jet production) in each event to define three regions of \eta-\phi space; toward, away, and transverse, where \phi is the azimuthal scattering angle. For Drell-Yan production (excluding the leptons) both the toward and transverse regions are very sensitive to the underlying event. In high-pT jet production the transverse region is very sensitive to the underlying event and is separated into a MAX and MIN transverse region, which helps separate the hard component (initial and final-state radiation) from the beam-beam remnant and multiple parton interaction components of the scattering. The data are corrected to the particle level to remove detector effects and are then compared with several QCD Monte-Carlo models. The goal of this analysis is to provide data that can be used to test and improve the QCD Monte-Carlo models of the underlying event that are used to simulate hadron-hadron collisions., Comment: Submitted to Phys.Rev.D

We study the implications of several recent high-precision measurements of the pion form factor in the region of the rho-omega interference "shoulder" for (i) the extraction of the rho-omega mixing matrix element, Pi_{\rho\omega}(m_rho^2), and (ii) the evaluation of the isospin-breaking (IB) correction needed to incorporate hadronic tau decay data into the determination of the Standard Model expectation for the leading order hadronic contribution, [a_mu]_{had}^{LO}, to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, focussing, in the latter case, on the model-dependence of the rho-omega mixing component of the IB correction. We consider a range of different models for the broad rho contribution to the e^+e^- --> \pi\pi amplitude, applying these models to each experimental data set, and find that the model dependence of the rho-omega mixing correction is significantly larger than the uncertainty induced by experimental errors for any individual model. We also find that, for each such model, the recent data allows one to separate rho-omega mixing and direct omega --> \pi\pi coupling contributions to the amplitude, and hence to obtain a reasonably precise extraction of Pi_{\rho\omega}(m_rho^2), uncontaminated by direct omega --> \pi\pi coupling effects, for use in meson exchange model calculations of charge symmetry breaking in NN scattering., Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures. Final published version. Main change is inclusion of a detailed discussion of the source of differences between the present work and M. Davier et al. (arXiv:0906.5443v3)

We update the hadronic tau determination of |V_{us}|, showing that current strange branching fractions produce results 2-3 sigma lower than 3-family unitarity expectations. Issues related to the size of theoretical uncertainties and results from an alternate, mixed tau-electroproduction sum rule determination (which, by construction, produces a much smaller theoretical uncertainty), are also considered., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Talk presented at the 10th International Workshop on Tau Lepton Physics (TAU08), Novosibirsk, Russia, 22-25 September, 2008

We update the extraction of |V_{us}| from hadronic tau decay data in light of recent BaBar and Belle results on the branching fractions of a number of important strange decay modes. A range of sum rule analyses is performed, particular attention being paid to those based on "non-spectral weights", developed previously to bring the slow convergence of the relevant integrated D=2 OPE series under improved control. Results from the various sum rules are shown to be in good agreement with one another, but ~3 sigma below expectations based on 3-family unitarity. Important avenues for future study are briefly discussed., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Combined report on talks presented at the 4th International Conference on Flavor Physics, Beijing, China, Sept. 24-28, 2007 and QCD Downunder 2, Auckland, NZ, Jan. 17-19, 2008

We describe how complications encountered in the extraction of V_us from flavor-breaking hadronic tau decay sum rules, in particular those associated with the slower than previously anticipated convergence of the relevant D=2 OPE series, can be successfully dealt with through judicious choices of sum rule weight. Problems with the previously proposed ``(0,0) spectral weight'' version of the analysis, and the much improved situation produced by the use of a number of alternate, non-spectral-weights, are demonstrated. The method is shown to promise a sub-0.0010-accuracy determination of V_us once analysis of the improved strange spectral data from BABAR and BELLE is completed. Connections to the tau versus electroproduction puzzle in the evaluation of the leading order hadronic contribution to (g-2)_mu are also discussed., Comment: 4 pages, prepared for the Proceedings of CKM'06, Nagoya, Japan

We study the simultaneous determination of m_s and V_us from flavor-breaking hadronic tau decay sum rules using weights designed to bring under better control problems associated with the slow convergence of the relevant D=2 OPE series. Much improved stability and consistency is found as compared to the results of conventional analyses based on the ``(k,0) spectral weights''. Results for m_s are in excellent agreement with those of recent strange scalar and strange pseudoscalar sum rule analyses, as well as recent lattice analyses, while those for V_us agree within errors with the output from recent lattice-based Gamma[K_{mu 2}]/Gamma[pi_{mu 2}] and K_{\ell 3}-based analyses. Very significant error reductions are shown to be expected, especially for V_us, once the improved strange spectral data from the B factory experiments becomes available., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures

We discuss the simultaneous determination of m_s and V_us from flavor-breaking hadronic tau decay sum rules, focussing on weight choices designed to better control problems associated with the slow convergence of the relevant integrated D=2 OPE series. The results are found to display improved stability and consistency relative to those of conventional analyses based on the ``(k,0) spectral weights''. The results for m_s agree well with those of recent strange scalar sum rule and strange pseudoscalar sum rule and lattice analyses. Results for V_us agree within errors with those of lattice-input-based K_{ell 3} and Gamma [K_{mu 2}]/\Gamma [pi_{mu 2}] analyses. Very significant error reductions are shown to be expected, especially for V_us, once improved strange spectral data from the B factory experiments becomes available., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, prepared for the Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Tau Lepton Physics (Tau'06), Pisa, Italy

We study extractions of |V_us| based on finite energy sum rule (FESR) analyses of hadronic tau decay data. We show (i) that the ``(0,0) spectral weight'' implementation (proposed previously in the literature as a favorable version of this analysis) suffers from significant convergence problems, but (ii) that alternate implementations exist which bring these problems under control. Results based on present spectral data are shown to be in agreement with those of other approaches, though with, at present, somewhat larger experimental errors. Sub-1% determinations of |V_us| are also shown to be expected from these alternate analyses once tau data from the B factories becomes available., Comment: 4 pages, prepared for the proceedings of the 9th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP06), Westin Rio Mar Resort, Puerto Rico, May 30-June 3, 2006

We study the reliability of extractions of |V_{us}| based on flavor-breaking hadronic tau decay sum rules. The ``(0,0) spectral weight'', proposed previously as a favorable candidate for this extraction, is shown to produce results having poor stability with respect to s_0, the upper limit on the relevant spectral integral, suggesting theoretical errors much larger than previously anticipated. We argue that this instability is due to the poor convergence of the integrated D=2 OPE series. Alternate weight choices designed to bring this convergence under better control are shown to produce significantly improved stability, and determinations of |V_{us}| which are both mutually compatible, and consistent, within errors, with values obtained by other methods., Comment: 12 pages

We report on a search for pair production of first-generation scalar leptoquarks ($LQ$) in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=1.96 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 203 $pb^{-1}$ collected at the Fermilab Tevatron collider by the CDF experiment. We observe no evidence for $LQ$ production in the topologies arising from $LQ \bar{LQ} \to eqeq$ and $LQ \bar{LQ} \to eq \nu q$, and derive 95% C.L. upper limits on the $LQ$ production cross section. %as a function of $\beta$, where $\beta$ is the branching fraction for $LQ \to eq$. The results are combined with those obtained from a separately reported CDF search in the topology arising from $LQ\bar{LQ} \to \nu q \nu q$ and 95% C.L. lower limits on the LQ mass as a function of $\beta = BR(LQ \to eq) $ are derived. The limits are 236, 205 and 145 GeV/c$^2$ for $\beta$ = 1, $\beta$ = 0.5 and $\beta$ = 0.1, respectively., Comment: submitted to PRL

The strong isospin-breaking correction, Omega_{st}, which appears in estimates of the Standard Model value for the direct CP-violating ratio epsilon'/epsilon, is evaluated to next-to-leading order (NLO) in the chiral expansion using Chiral Perturbation Theory. The relevant linear combinations of the unknown NLO CP-odd weak low-energy constants (LEC's) which, in combination with 1-loop and strong LEC contributions, are required for a complete determination at this order, are estimated using two different models. It is found that, to NLO, Omega_{st}=0.08 +/- 0.05, significantly reduced from the ``standard'' value, 0.25 +/- 0.08, employed in recent analyses. The potentially significant numerical impact of this decrease on Standard Model predictions for epsilon'/epsilon, associated with the decreased cancellation between gluonic penguin and electroweak penguin contributions, is also discussed., Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure

Complete next-to-leading (chiral) order (NLO) expressions for the strong isospin-breaking (IB) contributions in K -> pi pi are used to discuss (1) for CP-even, the impact on the magnitude of the Delta I=1/2 Rule, and (2) for CP-odd, the strong IB correction, Omega_st, for the gluonic penguin contribution to epsilon'/epsilon, with particular emphasis on the strong low-energy constant (LEC) and loop contributions, numerical values for which are model-independent at NLO., Comment: 4 pages. Contribution to the proceedings of the 7th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP), May 22-28 2000, Quebec City, Canada. Uses AIP 6x9 LaTeX style

Strong isospin-breaking (IB) effects in CP-even and CP-odd K-->pi pi decays are computed to next-to-leading order (NLO) in the chiral expansion. The impact of these corrections on the magnitude of the Delta I=1/2 Rule and on the size of the IB correction, Omega_IB, to the gluonic penguin contribution to epsilon'/epsilon are discussed., Comment: 3 pages, uses elsart.cls. For Proceedings of the XVI International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Taipei, Taiwan, 6-10 March, 2000

A finite energy sum rule (FESR) analysis of the isospin-breaking vector current correlator <0|T(V^3_\mu V^8_\nu)|0> is used to determine the isospin-breaking electromagnetic (EM) decay constants of the low-lying vector mesons. These results are used to evaluate the corrections required to extract the flavor diagonal 33 and 88 resonance contributions from the full resonance EM contributions to the EM spectral function. A large (~15%) correction is found in the case of the omega contribution to the isoscalar spectral function. The implications of these results for sum rules based on the isovector-isoscalar spectral difference are considered., Comment: Presentation to the 3rd International Conference on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics, Adelaide, Mar. 13-17, 2000

The leading non-Coulombic electromagnetic contributions to pi pi s-wave scattering lengths are computed in Chiral Perturbation Theory. It is shown that these corrections are zeroth order in the chiral expansion and associated with electromagnetic contact terms in the effective Lagrangian, i.e. that they do not involve explicit photon fields in the low-energy effective theory. It is pointed out that, if one followed the standard meson-exchange-model ansatz for removing electromagnetic effects, i.e. of subtracting contributions associated with explicit photon exchange and radiative corrections, as determined by the photon coupling vertices of the effective hadronic theory, one would completely miss these contributions and arrive at the erroneous conclusion that the strong interactions exhibited very large isospin breaking in pi pi scattering. Implications for electromagnetic "subtraction" procedures in other hadronic systems and the utility of the effective Lagrangian method for avoiding such errors are obvious., Comment: 16 pages, REVTEX

The H dibaryon channel, (I=0,J=0,S=-2), is revisited in the non-relativistic quark cluster model (NRQCM) using a basis extended beyond the usual set of baryon cluster pairs to include an explicit spatially symmetric 6q state, analogous in structure to the MIT bag model H. We find that the binding predicted using the two-baryon basis alone is significantly deepened by the addition of the additional 6q configuration. The NRQCM thus appears, contrary to earlier findings, to be incompatible with the experimental information available for this channel., Comment: 11 pages, REVTEX