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1. City of Equals

Author

Wolff, Jonathan and de Shalit, Avner

Subjects
cities, equality, inequality, relational equality, equality in the city, inclusion, diversity, social mixing, public reflective equilibrium, urban political philosophy, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory, thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy, thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
Abstract

When we think about equality in the city, we are very likely to think first of the wide and growing divide between rich and poor, in material terms. Yet when we think more about a 'city of equals' it becomes apparent that how people feel treated by the city and those around them, and whether they can live according to their values, are much more central. Accordingly, combining their own reflections, a multi-disciplinary literature review, and, distinctively, more than 180 interviews in 10 cities in 6 countries, Wolff and de Shalit have derived an account of a city of equals based on the idea that it should give each of its city-zens a secure sense of place or belonging. Four underlying values structure this account. First, access to the goods and services of the city should not be based purely on the market. Second, each person should be able to live a life they find meaningful. Third, there should be diversity and wide social mixing. Fourth, there should be 'non-deferential inclusion': each person should be able to get access to what they are entitled to without being treated as less worthy than others. They should be able to enjoy their rights without bowing and scraping, waiting longer than others, or going through special bureaucratic hurdles. In sum, in a city of equals each person is proud of their city and has the (justified) feeling that their city is proud of (people like) them.

Published
2023
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9. Altered white matter microstructural organization in posttraumatic stress disorder across 3047 adults: results from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD consortium

Author

Dennis, Emily L, Disner, Seth G, Fani, Negar, Salminen, Lauren E, Logue, Mark, Clarke, Emily K, Haswell, Courtney C, Averill, Christopher L, Baugh, Lee A, Bomyea, Jessica, Bruce, Steven E, Cha, Jiook, Choi, Kyle, Davenport, Nicholas D, Densmore, Maria, du Plessis, Stefan, Forster, Gina L, Frijling, Jessie L, Gonenc, Atilla, Gruber, Staci, Grupe, Daniel W, Guenette, Jeffrey P, Hayes, Jasmeet, Hofmann, David, Ipser, Jonathan, Jovanovic, Tanja, Kelly, Sinead, Kennis, Mitzy, Kinzel, Philipp, Koch, Saskia BJ, Koerte, Inga, Koopowitz, Sheri, Korgaonkar, Mayuresh, Krystal, John, Lebois, Lauren AM, Li, Gen, Magnotta, Vincent A, Manthey, Antje, May, Geoff J, Menefee, Deleene S, Nawijn, Laura, Nelson, Steven M, Neufeld, Richard WJ, Nitschke, Jack B, O’Doherty, Daniel, Peverill, Matthew, Ressler, Kerry J, Roos, Annerine, Sheridan, Margaret A, Sierk, Anika, Simmons, Alan, Simons, Raluca M, Simons, Jeffrey S, Stevens, Jennifer, Suarez-Jimenez, Benjamin, Sullivan, Danielle R, Théberge, Jean, Tran, Jana K, van den Heuvel, Leigh, van der Werff, Steven JA, van Rooij, Sanne JH, van Zuiden, Mirjam, Velez, Carmen, Verfaellie, Mieke, Vermeiren, Robert RJM, Wade, Benjamin SC, Wager, Tor, Walter, Henrik, Winternitz, Sherry, Wolff, Jonathan, York, Gerald, Zhu, Ye, Zhu, Xi, Abdallah, Chadi G, Bryant, Richard, Daniels, Judith K, Davidson, Richard J, Fercho, Kelene A, Franz, Carol, Geuze, Elbert, Gordon, Evan M, Kaufman, Milissa L, Kremen, William S, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lanius, Ruth A, Lyons, Michael J, McCauley, Stephen R, McGlinchey, Regina, McLaughlin, Katie A, Milberg, William, Neria, Yuval, Olff, Miranda, Seedat, Soraya, Shenton, Martha, Sponheim, Scott R, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Straube, Thomas, Tate, David F, and van der Wee, Nic JA

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Neurosciences, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Biomedical Imaging, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Clinical Research, Anxiety Disorders, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anisotropy, Brain, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, White Matter, Young Adult, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

A growing number of studies have examined alterations in white matter organization in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using diffusion MRI (dMRI), but the results have been mixed which may be partially due to relatively small sample sizes among studies. Altered structural connectivity may be both a neurobiological vulnerability for, and a result of, PTSD. In an effort to find reliable effects, we present a multi-cohort analysis of dMRI metrics across 3047 individuals from 28 cohorts currently participating in the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD working group (a joint partnership between the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis consortium). Comparing regional white matter metrics across the full brain in 1426 individuals with PTSD and 1621 controls (2174 males/873 females) between ages 18-83, 92% of whom were trauma-exposed, we report associations between PTSD and disrupted white matter organization measured by lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the tapetum region of the corpus callosum (Cohen's d = -0.11, p = 0.0055). The tapetum connects the left and right hippocampus, for which structure and function have been consistently implicated in PTSD. Results were consistent even after accounting for the effects of multiple potentially confounding variables: childhood trauma exposure, comorbid depression, history of traumatic brain injury, current alcohol abuse or dependence, and current use of psychotropic medications. Our results show that PTSD may be associated with alterations in the broader hippocampal network.

Published
2021

19. Genomic influences on self-reported childhood maltreatment.

Author

Dalvie, Shareefa, Maihofer, Adam X, Coleman, Jonathan RI, Bradley, Bekh, Breen, Gerome, Brick, Leslie A, Chen, Chia-Yen, Choi, Karmel W, Duncan, Laramie E, Guffanti, Guia, Haas, Magali, Harnal, Supriya, Liberzon, Israel, Nugent, Nicole R, Provost, Allison C, Ressler, Kerry J, Torres, Katy, Amstadter, Ananda B, Bryn Austin, S, Baker, Dewleen G, Bolger, Elizabeth A, Bryant, Richard A, Calabrese, Joseph R, Delahanty, Douglas L, Farrer, Lindsay A, Feeny, Norah C, Flory, Janine D, Forbes, David, Galea, Sandro, Gautam, Aarti, Gelernter, Joel, Hammamieh, Rasha, Jett, Marti, Junglen, Angela G, Kaufman, Milissa L, Kessler, Ronald C, Khan, Alaptagin, Kranzler, Henry R, Lebois, Lauren AM, Marmar, Charles, Mavissakalian, Matig R, McFarlane, Alexander, Donnell, Meaghan O', Orcutt, Holly K, Pietrzak, Robert H, Risbrough, Victoria B, Roberts, Andrea L, Rothbaum, Alex O, Roy-Byrne, Peter, Ruggiero, Ken, Seligowski, Antonia V, Sheerin, Christina M, Silove, Derrick, Smoller, Jordan W, Stein, Murray B, Teicher, Martin H, Ursano, Robert J, Van Hooff, Miranda, Winternitz, Sherry, Wolff, Jonathan D, Yehuda, Rachel, Zhao, Hongyu, Zoellner, Lori A, Stein, Dan J, Koenen, Karestan C, and Nievergelt, Caroline M

Subjects
Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

Childhood maltreatment is highly prevalent and serves as a risk factor for mental and physical disorders. Self-reported childhood maltreatment appears heritable, but the specific genetic influences on this phenotype are largely unknown. The aims of this study were to (1) identify genetic variation associated with self-reported childhood maltreatment, (2) estimate SNP-based heritability (h2snp), (3) assess predictive value of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for childhood maltreatment, and (4) quantify genetic overlap of childhood maltreatment with mental and physical health-related phenotypes, and condition the top hits from our analyses when such overlap is present. Genome-wide association analysis for childhood maltreatment was undertaken, using a discovery sample from the UK Biobank (UKBB) (n = 124,000) and a replication sample from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-posttraumatic stress disorder group (PGC-PTSD) (n = 26,290). h2snp for childhood maltreatment and genetic correlations with mental/physical health traits were calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression. PRS was calculated using PRSice and mtCOJO was used to perform conditional analysis. Two genome-wide significant loci associated with childhood maltreatment (rs142346759, p = 4.35 × 10-8, FOXP1; rs10262462, p = 3.24 × 10-8, FOXP2) were identified in the discovery dataset but were not replicated in PGC-PTSD. h2snp for childhood maltreatment was ~6% and the PRS derived from the UKBB was significantly predictive of childhood maltreatment in PGC-PTSD (r2 = 0.0025; p = 1.8 × 10-15). The most significant genetic correlation of childhood maltreatment was with depressive symptoms (rg = 0.70, p = 4.65 × 10-40), although we show evidence that our top hits may be specific to childhood maltreatment. This is the first large-scale genetic study to identify specific variants associated with self-reported childhood maltreatment. Speculatively, FOXP genes might influence externalizing traits and so be relevant to childhood maltreatment. Alternatively, these variants may be associated with a greater likelihood of reporting maltreatment. A clearer understanding of the genetic relationships of childhood maltreatment, including particular abuse subtypes, with a range of phenotypes, may ultimately be useful in in developing targeted treatment and prevention strategies.

Published
2020

26. Beyond Poverty

Author

Wolff, Jonathan, Hahn, Henning, Series Editor, Schweiger, Gottfried, Series Editor, Sedmak, Clemens, Series Editor, Ausín, Txetxu, Advisory Editor, Brock, Gillian, Advisory Editor, Carbrera, Luis, Advisory Editor, Cimadamore, Alberto D., Advisory Editor, Gosepath, Stefan, Advisory Editor, Hassoun, Nicole, Advisory Editor, Lötter, H.P.P., Advisory Editor, Mieth, Corinna, Advisory Editor, Moellendorf, Darrell, Advisory Editor, Pinzani, Alessandro, Advisory Editor, Schweickart, David, Advisory Editor, Sengupta, Mitu, Advisory Editor, Usami, Makoto, Advisory Editor, Beck, Valentin, editor, and Lepenies, Robert, editor

Published
2020
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27. The Basis of European Cooperation

Author

Wolff, Jonathan, Hakli, Raul, Series Editor, Schmid, Hans Bernhard, Managing Editor, Hudin, Jennifer, Managing Editor, Audi, Robert, Advisory Editor, Bratman, Michael, Advisory Editor, Castelfranchi, Cristiano, Advisory Editor, Copp, David, Advisory Editor, Cudd, Ann, Advisory Editor, Davis, John, Advisory Editor, Detel, Wolfgang, Advisory Editor, Herzig, Andreas, Advisory Editor, Johansson, Ingvar, Advisory Editor, Kaldis, Byron, Advisory Editor, Kusch, Martin, Advisory Editor, Kutz, Christopher, Advisory Editor, Lagerspetz, Eerik, Advisory Editor, Livet, Pierre, Advisory Editor, Lawson, Tony, Advisory Editor, Ludwig, Kirk, Advisory Editor, Mathiessen, Kay, Advisory Editor, May, Larry, Advisory Editor, Meggle, Georg, Advisory Editor, Meijers, Anthonie, Advisory Editor, Miller, Seumas, Advisory Editor, Mäki, Uskali, Advisory Editor, Pacherie, Elisabeth, Advisory Editor, Richardson, Henry, Advisory Editor, Quante, Michael, Advisory Editor, Searle, John, Advisory Editor, Tomasello, Michael, Advisory Editor, Andina, Tiziana, editor, and Bojanić, Petar, editor

Published
2020
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32. Poverty, Social Expectations, and the Family

Author

Wolff, Jonathan, Hahn, Henning, Series Editor, Schweiger, Gottfried, Series Editor, Sedmak, Clemens, Series Editor, Ausín, Txetxu, Advisory Editor, Brock, Gillian, Advisory Editor, Carbrera, Luis, Advisory Editor, Cimadamore, Alberto D., Advisory Editor, Gosepath, Stefan, Advisory Editor, Hassoun, Nicole, Advisory Editor, Lötter, H.P.P., Advisory Editor, Mieth, Corinna, Advisory Editor, Moellendorf, Darrell, Advisory Editor, Pinzani, Alessandro, Advisory Editor, Schweickart, David, Advisory Editor, Sengupta, Mitu, Advisory Editor, Usami, Makoto, Advisory Editor, and Brando, Nicolás, editor

Published
2019
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33. Justice for all? The curious political legacy of John Rawls's masterwork

Author

Wolff, Jonathan

Subjects
Free and Equal: What Would a Fair Society Look Like? (Nonfiction work) -- Chandler, Daniel, Books -- Book reviews, Literature/writing
Abstract

FREE AND EQUAL What would a fair society look like? DANIEL CHANDLER 416pp. Allen Lane. 25 [pounds sterling]. The President: OK, Professor. Justice. Hit me! John Rawls: The first principle [...]

Published
2023

39. John Rawls

Author

Wolff, Jonathan

Subjects
Literature/writing
Abstract

In my review of Daniel Chandler's Free and Equal (May 19), I asked why Rawls has made so little impact on politics and policy. Sam Milne (Letters, May 26) suggests [...]

Published
2023

42. Returning to Hobbes: Reflections on Political Philosophy.

Author

Wolff, Jonathan

Subjects
*POLITICAL philosophy, *PHILOSOPHY periodicals, *SOCIAL contract, *METHODOLOGY, *EDUCATION
Abstract

My paper 'Hobbes and the Motivations of Social Contract Theory' was published in this journal in 1994. In this contribution I explain the background that led me to write that paper at an early stage of my career, relating the explanation to my education as a student at UCL, and, briefly, at Harvard and contrasting the methodological approaches I experienced in the two departments. The Hobbes paper itself offers a type of 'rational reconstruction' of Hobbes, drawing on the logic of different social contract arguments, and while there is much in the paper I still agree with, it assumes an approach to Philosophy that I would not adopt now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci

Author

Nievergelt, Caroline M., Maihofer, Adam X., Klengel, Torsten, Atkinson, Elizabeth G., Chen, Chia-Yen, Choi, Karmel W., Coleman, Jonathan R. I., Dalvie, Shareefa, Duncan, Laramie E., Gelernter, Joel, Levey, Daniel F., Logue, Mark W., Polimanti, Renato, Provost, Allison C., Ratanatharathorn, Andrew, Stein, Murray B., Torres, Katy, Aiello, Allison E., Almli, Lynn M., Amstadter, Ananda B., Andersen, Søren B., Andreassen, Ole A., Arbisi, Paul A., Ashley-Koch, Allison E., Austin, S. Bryn, Avdibegovic, Esmina, Babić, Dragan, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Baker, Dewleen G., Beckham, Jean C., Bierut, Laura J., Bisson, Jonathan I., Boks, Marco P., Bolger, Elizabeth A., Børglum, Anders D., Bradley, Bekh, Brashear, Megan, Breen, Gerome, Bryant, Richard A., Bustamante, Angela C., Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Calabrese, Joseph R., Caldas- de- Almeida, José M., Dale, Anders M., Daly, Mark J., Daskalakis, Nikolaos P., Deckert, Jürgen, Delahanty, Douglas L., Dennis, Michelle F., Disner, Seth G., Domschke, Katharina, Dzubur-Kulenovic, Alma, Erbes, Christopher R., Evans, Alexandra, Farrer, Lindsay A., Feeny, Norah C., Flory, Janine D., Forbes, David, Franz, Carol E., Galea, Sandro, Garrett, Melanie E., Gelaye, Bizu, Geuze, Elbert, Gillespie, Charles, Uka, Aferdita Goci, Gordon, Scott D., Guffanti, Guia, Hammamieh, Rasha, Harnal, Supriya, Hauser, Michael A., Heath, Andrew C., Hemmings, Sian M. J., Hougaard, David Michael, Jakovljevic, Miro, Jett, Marti, Johnson, Eric Otto, Jones, Ian, Jovanovic, Tanja, Qin, Xue-Jun, Junglen, Angela G., Karstoft, Karen-Inge, Kaufman, Milissa L., Kessler, Ronald C., Khan, Alaptagin, Kimbrel, Nathan A., King, Anthony P., Koen, Nastassja, Kranzler, Henry R., Kremen, William S., Lawford, Bruce R., Lebois, Lauren A. M., Lewis, Catrin E., Linnstaedt, Sarah D., Lori, Adriana, Lugonja, Bozo, Luykx, Jurjen J., Lyons, Michael J., Maples-Keller, Jessica, Marmar, Charles, Martin, Alicia R., Martin, Nicholas G., Maurer, Douglas, Mavissakalian, Matig R., McFarlane, Alexander, McGlinchey, Regina E., McLaughlin, Katie A., McLean, Samuel A., McLeay, Sarah, Mehta, Divya, Milberg, William P., Miller, Mark W., Morey, Rajendra A., Morris, Charles Phillip, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben B., Neale, Benjamin M., Nelson, Elliot C., Nordentoft, Merete, Norman, Sonya B., O’Donnell, Meaghan, Orcutt, Holly K., Panizzon, Matthew S., Peters, Edward S., Peterson, Alan L., Peverill, Matthew, Pietrzak, Robert H., Polusny, Melissa A., Rice, John P., Ripke, Stephan, Risbrough, Victoria B., Roberts, Andrea L., Rothbaum, Alex O., Rothbaum, Barbara O., Roy-Byrne, Peter, Ruggiero, Ken, Rung, Ariane, Rutten, Bart P. F., Saccone, Nancy L., Sanchez, Sixto E., Schijven, Dick, Seedat, Soraya, Seligowski, Antonia V., Seng, Julia S., Sheerin, Christina M., Silove, Derrick, Smith, Alicia K., Smoller, Jordan W., Sponheim, Scott R., Stein, Dan J., Stevens, Jennifer S., Sumner, Jennifer A., Teicher, Martin H., Thompson, Wesley K., Trapido, Edward, Uddin, Monica, Ursano, Robert J., van den Heuvel, Leigh Luella, Van Hooff, Miranda, Vermetten, Eric, Vinkers, Christiaan H., Voisey, Joanne, Wang, Yunpeng, Wang, Zhewu, Werge, Thomas, Williams, Michelle A., Williamson, Douglas E., Winternitz, Sherry, Wolf, Christiane, Wolf, Erika J., Wolff, Jonathan D., Yehuda, Rachel, Young, Ross McD., Young, Keith A., Zhao, Hongyu, Zoellner, Lori A., Liberzon, Israel, Ressler, Kerry J., Haas, Magali, and Koenen, Karestan C.

Published
2019
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