Search

Virtual reality (VR) is the computer simulation of a three-dimensional environment that a person can interact with using special electronic equipment, such as a headset with an integrated display. Often coupled with VR, exergames are video games that involve physical exercise. Little is known regarding the chronic effects of exergaming through VR chon cognitive functions. Eleven young participants were enrolled in this crossover exploratory study. They had to follow two trainings of 5 consecutive days, 15 min per day, interspaced by a 1-month washout period. Trainings were performed in a random order: (1) a video training using shadow boxing fitness videos (SBV) and (2) a VR training using a three-dimensional game where the aim is to cut moving cubes with a sword in each hand. Before and after each training period, a battery of cognitive tests was performed to assess executive functions, such as attention (change blindness), reaction time, response inhibition (go/no-go, Stroop task), or flexibility (trail making test). Fine motor skills were also evaluated through a Fitt's task. No effect of the SBV training was observed on any of the cognitive functions tested. On the contrary, a significant increased performance in selective attention and observation tests was found after VR training, as well as in inhibitory processes (Stroop and go/no-go). Other performances were unaffected by either VR or SBV training. The present study argues that VR exergaming is a promising tool to promote cognitive enhancement but targets specific functions according to the type of interface/game that is used.

In soccer, skill is significantly influenced by motor skills and physical constitution. In addition, perceptual‐cognitive abilities are thought to affect sport‐specific performance. Nevertheless, there are hardly any studies investigating the relationship of general cognitive abilities with sport‐specific performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze relationships between general perceptual‐cognitive abilities and soccer‐specific performance in competitive youth sports. Thirty highly talented male youth soccer players aged 12–14 years completed various perceptual‐cognitive (selective attention, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, working memory, peripheral perception, and choice response) and sport‐specific on‐field tests. Cognitive abilities were assessed using a computer‐based test system. Soccer‐specific performance skills were evaluated by two sport‐specific on‐field tests. The relation between perceptual‐cognitive abilities and soccer‐specific performance was examined using a correlation analysis as well as a four‐stage regression analysis. Overall, the expression of general perceptual‐cognitive abilities was found to have an impact on performance in soccer‐specific test situations, particularly cognitive flexibility and selective attention. Our results suggest that general cognitive tests could be an important tool for the evaluation of cognitive abilities in soccer. This study brings together key approaches in expertise research and makes a significant contribution to a better understanding of expertise in soccer. Highlights: This study is one of the few to examine the relationship between general cognitive abilities and sport‐specific performance.The results highlight the relevance of general perceptual‐cognitive abilities for soccer‐specific performance.This study provides a link between different theories of expertise research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tasks performed at or above head height in industrial workplaces pose a significant challenge due to their association with musculoskeletal disorders. Upper-body exoskeletons have been identified as a potential solution for mitigating musculoskeletal loads and fighting against excessive muscular fatigue. However, the influence of such support on fine motor control, as well as on cognitive-motor interference, has received limited attention thus far. Therefore, this crossover randomized study aimed to investigate the impact of the use of a passive upper-body exoskeleton in the presence of muscular fatigue or not. Additionally, focusing on differences between single (ST) and dual (DT) industrial tasks consisting of overhead speed and accuracy exercises. Methods: In both scenarios, N = 10 participants (5 male/5 female) engaged in an overhead precision task using a nail gun to precisely target specific areas on three differently sized regions, based on Fitts' law paradigm (speed-accuracy trade-off task). This was done with and without the passive upper-body exoskeleton, before and immediately after a fatiguing exercise of shoulder and leg muscles. In addition, a second task (dual-task, DT) was carried out in which the occurrence of an auditory signal had to be counted. The main outcomes were muscular activation of the shoulder girdle as well as the time to perform speed-accuracy tasks of different difficulty indexes (calculated by means of Fitts' law). Results and discussion: In the absence of fatigue, the exoskeleton did not affect the speed-accuracy trade-off management of participants in the single task, but it did in the dual-task conditions. However, after muscle fatigue, the speedaccuracy trade-off was differently affected when comparing its execution with or without the exoskeleton. In general, the dual task resulted in longer times to perform the different tasks, whether it was with or without the exoskeleton. Furthermore, the use of the exoskeleton decreased muscle activity, which is associated with less physical effort, but only significantly for the M. deltoideus and M. trapezius when compared by tasks. Overall, these study findings highlight the potential supportive effects of using an upper-body exoskeleton for industrial overhead tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: In the context of nursing challenges and workforce shortages, nurses experience significant physical and psychological strain due to manual patient handling. (2) Methods: This study investigates differences in nurses' upper body postures, patient turning acceleration, and perceived exertion during a typical repositioning process within two repositioning maneuvers. (3) Results: The results reveal variations in positioning duration, upper-body posture angles, and turning acceleration between nurses and sequences. Nurse 2 exhibits more extreme postures (e.g., lateral flexion p < 0.001) and accelerations (e.g., shoulder p < 0.001) but reports lower perceived exertion (p = 0.03). (4) Discussion: These findings emphasize the need for ergonomic adherence and targeted training to enhance patient repositioning. Comprehensive solutions are necessary for patient and nurse comfort, particularly in cases of higher patient weights. Against the background of ergonomic body posture, this study highlights the potential of innovative tools and ongoing research to alleviate physical strain and enhance patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]