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Copyright of Revista 180 is the property of Revista 180 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1929, the International Federation of Women Judges and Lawyers became an affiliated organization eligible to lobby delegates at the League of Nations. This transnational legal sorority was dedicated to universal legal reform to address the fundamental problem of sex inequality under the law. The female jurists were part of an interwoven transnational movement seeking to establish a feminist jurisprudence based on equity. Despite global vicissitudes of the interwar era, they called upon the authority of the state and international law to protect the vulnerable, ameliorate suffering, and institute equity.

The article discusses the evolution and current state of gender studies in relation to the problem of women’s participation in the Great War in French historical science. This issue is relevant for European countries due to the existence of a politically demanded feminist discourse: today women are recognized as full participants in the Great War, without whom victory would not have been possible and who have remained in the shadow of scientific attention for a long time. The demand for gender analysis and the youthfulness of gender studies in modern Russian science makes us turn to patterns that have developed in the European space, it encourages comparative studies of the experience of women’s participation in the Great War, gender representations and the specifics of the political mobilization of both sexes on Russian and European material. The author of the article examines the evolution of gender stories in France since the 1970s and pays considerable attention to the current state of research. The focus is on problems related to the specifics of women’s work, strategies for mobilizing women, specific forms of their participation in the conflict, the attitude of society towards new female roles, and the emotional perception of the war by men and women in France. The author states that modern French historical science is widely focused on the implementation of gender studies, but the key question: whether the Great War led to emancipation is still debatable.

Copyright of Dynamis is the property of Dynamis - Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work discusses the social world of Muslim women in medieval Spain. The 8th-12th centuries Islamic society in Spain and its conflict of interest could be fully understood if it is studied in different layers. Previous scholars have already exploited Muslim women studies, but they rarely revisit the medieval Muslim women. This work, therefore, sticks on women world during the period of Al-Andalus (the Islamic Spain). Muslim women in Al-Andalus were commonly portrayed as oppressed and marginalized based on the Western perspective. However, many legal sources indicate the intention of limiting women, but other shows different point of view. Women in Al-Andalus actively participated in many aspects of life, such as political, literate, social, arts, religious and intellectual, and military affairs. Compared to other Muslim women in the Middle East, they had a freedom to conduct what they wanted to do. Its peculiarity had been created due to the Islamic-Christian assimilation in the Islamic Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the birth of the first magazines of a post-unification Italy up to the 1980s, publications aimed at women, generally considered part of a "minor" publishing, have proved to be laboratories of linguistic and visual experimentation not only of considerable importance in the evolution of journalism, but also in the ethical and political formation of both progressive and conservative readers. And this was paradoxically made possible precisely by the gaze of sufficiency addressed to them by power, which in some cases, however, wanted them as allies. A more in-depth investigation is then conducted on the weekly Grazia which, more than the others, in the progress of its articles and fashion services, proved to be the guide and accomplice of a woman who was slowly finding a place in society and struggling to conquer the rights that were due to her.

In order to contribute to the debate on women history and unionism, this article seeks to highlight the actions of women in the União dos Operários em Fábricas de Tecidos of Rio de Janeiro between 1926 and 1930. Thus, it proposes to analyze some actions, certain obstacles and certain forms of negociation implemented by women in this union in na attempt to experience the union culture and in defense of their own agendas within the possible limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I present the background and rationale for a new research project that aims to rediscover the first women who participated in the development of archaeology in the Pacific, from the 19th to the mid-20th century. I discuss how this research is inscribed in the history of women in science, responding to Rossiter’s plea to future scholars: to write a history and sociology of science that is more comprehensive by integrating ever more of the hidden women scientists, or ‘Matildas’. I consider how a history of these ‘Pacific Matildas’ can be connected to factors that have been identified as historically keeping women out of science (especially fieldwork-based sciences) as well as keeping them out of historical records about the making of science. After discussing the methodological and conceptual frameworks envisaged for such a project, I present some preliminary results of this research: a short overview of historical figures already identified and a brief examination of one early case-study in the history of the first women engaged in the discipline, that of Adèle de Dombasle in the mid-19th century. I conclude by highlighting what the first clues we can gather about such stories tell us both about the historical place of women in the field and the place of women in the history written about the field.

In this paper I present the background and rationale for a new research project that aims to rediscover the first women who participated in the development of archaeology in the Pacific, from the 19th to the mid-20th century. I discuss how this research is inscribed in the history of women in science, responding to Rossiter's plea to future scholars: to write a history and sociology of science that is more comprehensive by integrating ever more of the hidden women scientists, or 'Matildas'. I consider how a history of these 'Pacific Matildas' can be connected to factors that have been identified as historically keeping women out of science (especially fieldwork-based sciences) as well as keeping them out of historical records about the making of science. After discussing the methodological and conceptual frameworks envisaged for such a project, I present some preliminary results of this research: a short overview of historical figures already identified and a brief examination of one early case-study in the history of the first women engaged in the discipline, that of Adèle de Dombasle in the mid-19th century. I conclude by highlighting what the first clues we can gather about such stories tell us both about the historical place of women in the field and the place of women in the history written about the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article proposes a comparative study of the gravestones of the city of Alcalá de Henares and of Museo do Carmo in Lisbon. In their epigraphy, written representations can be found under the form of mentions, names and surnames, as well as various allusions to the women who were buried there. These women, members of the social elite, possessed the privilege of being buried within the temples. A search of the absence of macabre symbols which do appear, nevertheless, in some masculine gravestones of the same context, opens the way to the formulation of a hypothesis about gender difference. This hypothesis could be denied in some other cases in Spain and England but is confirmed in this present double source. In future investigations we hope to increase this source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following article is about the conceptions that different novel teachers of history and social sciences have concerning the inclusion of women and their history during their teaching practices. The objectives followed were to interpret and understand the content of the discourse of the interviewees, in order to analyse the advantages and limitations that the participants recount about their initial teaching practices. The methodology used is qualitative, forming a focus group and interviewing the teachers. Amongst the main results, it stands out that the formation given has not included women and their history, confined in traditional perspectives with predominance of powerful men. The interviewees add that in their teaching practice they have not worked with women's narrative, however; they recognize how relevant it is to include and transform teaching practices based on the recognition of gender issues in today's world. From a history and social sciences teaching point of view, learning, and working with the relevance of actions and narratives of women would generate agency. Thus, students could feel empower themselves by identifying themselves with these new models; this with the objective of generating social change concerning gender equality.

Report of the Conference Eva e le altre, University of Salerno 15-17 May 2019.

Tina Modotti is known internationally nowadays, and has almost mythical status. However, the factors that condemned her, until the 1970s, to fall into oblivion, as well as the hostile manipulations related to her political and existential choices, are still present. The author retraces the different stages of the rediscovery of Tina Modotti and outlines the complexity and richness of her artistic and political trajectory. Her multi-dimensioned life, the article suggests, needs to be studied from a variety of perspectives. The article ends with a discussion of a recent exhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of gender and banking historiography have been poorly discussed by national literature. This paper seeks to help cover this gap and further contribute to the limited, yet very informative existing knowledge regarding the role of women in Cyprus's historiography and economy. In addition, it aims to challenge the master narrative of 'separate spheres' and to discuss women's investment activity within a family framework. For this, I have researched two bank shareholders' ledgers from the Bank of Cyprus Historical Archive covering the period between 1913 and 1930, and the digitalised archives of ten Greek Cypriot newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of visibility of women in history has long been noted, and notably, the field of adult education remains particularly understudied from a gender perspective However, in recent years, a number of researchers studying various kinds of adult or popular education have become increasingly interested in women as audiences or initiators of adult classes or the professionalisation of women. In this article we will argue that "discovering" does not necessarily mean revealing unknown personalities. Various meanings of the word "pioneering" will also be discussed. Finally, we will question the term "the field of adult education". Discovering pioneering women may mean that the field needs to be reshaped and its borders reconsidered or connected with other social fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using scrapbooks created by members of the Women's Institute in England in 1965, this article offers a rare insight into women's lived experience and interaction with new technologies and services, in domestic and communal spaces, which show how rural women diligently recorded the new behaviors, emotions, and challenges surrounding rural life. Scrapbookers show multiple and sometimes contradictory attitudes, representing themselves as modern housewives proficient with new consumer durables, while also critiquing the inequalities heralded by new goods and services. Rural women were not simply bystanders to technological change but represented themselves as both consumers and producers of new forms of knowledge, through their use of material culture. Scrapbookers used their creations to archive the emotional labor they performed in their homes and communities, illuminating an important but often overlooked component of consumption.

This essay argues that work on the history of women's ideas has been repeatedly written out of the multiple historiographical reviews of twentieth century intellectual history. By recovering that work, and the contexts and sites of its production, the essay offers a new perspective on the historiography of intellectual history in the twentieth century.

The paper analyses the journals of The Transylvanian Catholic Women's Association in connection with the nation-building process and the appearing variations of woman-pictures. From the perspective of women's history it examines the Christian feminist Transylvanian Catholic Woman Movement and its members: the history of Catholic Hungarian women in Transylvania between 1926 and 1944. The use of the methodology of press history and women's studies is a possible way to examine the less reflected journals' history, content and the publisher association's activity in connection with the national-Christian discourse. The main woman-images in this discourse was the mother, the working woman, the maid, the public woman, the prostitute and the type of the new girls as the saviours or spoilers of the nation based on Koselleck's asymmetrical concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review of the ancient evidences about the practice of prostitution in Sparta from the archaic till the Hellenistic time. The paper discusses the testimonies offered by Plutarch and Clement, concerning the organization of prostitution in Spartan law, and by Xenophon and Polemon, who both provide information about female figures of Spartan prostitutes.

Written account of our history shows that Moslem women have been absent from the scene of narrating and recording their roles in the past, leaving the opposite gender to record their history. It can be claimed that femalesâ histography too has been the history of males, written by men. The question is that why womenâs history has been registered by men, and also why even a single histographer or a valid histographic work has not been acknowledged in the last hundred years. This goes as far as to that, no prominent philosopher, jurisprudent, literary man, or orator can be seen in women sector of the society. This qualitative study is in search of finding out about the reasons for such an absence. It speculates that ,on the one hand, intrinsic nature of women and their physiological and cognitive structure are more of maternalistic nature, not allowing them to have opportunities to keep pace with men in scientific, intellectual, and social affairs.On the other hand, There seems to be several factors that have played effective roles in the âweakeningâ of social and scientific positions of Moslem women. These factors included the âwomenâs self-confidenceâ âmenâs pioneering in the two frontiers of land conquer and discovering (and hence transferring) of the scientific treasures of other nations, in addition to translating them and adding to their richnessâ âthe decline of rationality in Islam as a result of sedimentary layers of dogmatism held by the proponents of narration school of thought (ahlul-ul- hadith) that led to reemergence of social and political norms of the pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance in the time of Moslem rulersâ âthe patriarchy dominance over the family and social institutions replacing divinely and popularly acceptable and âImamiteâ system with a one based on political despotismâ waging tribal and ethnic wars and conflicts instead of creating atmosphere of tolerance put forward by Islam, being influenced by anti-life thoughts originated in pre-Islamic ignorance times, as well as from beliefs derived from Buddhism, Judaism, and Manism and finally the Moslem scholarsâ change of attitudes and approach toward women and their social position. The orientation of this study is more of a combinatory based analysis, taking into account the above mentioned possible factors although it acknowledges their varying degrees of effectiveness.

Copyright of Anales de Historia del Arte is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study the author came to some specific conclusions. In particular, it is safe to say that the marriage between Vasile Lupu and Catherine was far from accidental. As the sources of the era attest, all the details have been well thought out. Almost immediately after the death of his wife, Vasile Lupu sends the ambassadorial cortege to get his second wife, hence not respecting even the basic mourning traditions. One may also assume that perhaps in that situation government and political interests were high above his emotions. Vasile Lupu was an ambitious, far-sighted politician and a brilliant strategist. His plan was to expand the Moldovan boarders. He prepared his only son Ioan as future ruler of Wallachia. However, his plans failed after the son's death, and he was left without an heir. Vasile Lupu was well aware that he had to urgently resolve the dynastic crisis. He needed a young, strong and healthy wife, able to give birth to his heirs. The choice fell on Catherine the Circassian. How and under which circumstances this choice has been made remains an unsolved mystery. Unfortunately, we do not have any sources that could provide a reliable answer to this question. At the same time, we do not deny the well-known and hackneyed opinion in the historical literature that this marriage took place in a certain political context, for the Moldavian-Tatar mutual support in the political, military and economic spheres.

Copyright of Aposta is the property of Aposta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the Sixties and Seventies, thousands of Italian youths attended schools in Switzerland. They were born between the forties and the seventies and belonged to what can be regarded as an intermediate generation, between the so-called first and second generations. Most of the younger ones attended Swiss schools, starting integration processes. Others, especially teenagers, attended the “Istituti italiani all'estero”. In the archives of one of the latter, thousands of school essays are stored, which were written by male and female students in the time span considered in this study. Here, only the essays produced by female students will be examined. Firstly, the focus will be on the peculiarity of their migratory experience, and on their representations of their country of origin and of their host country; descriptions of both are shown to depend on how the writers felt treated in them as women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This largely contested book presents the life of a woman leaving in an isolated village of Epirus from her marriage till her execution by the Democratic Army in 1948. As she was leaving in an ultra-traditional place and family, in a village located in the center of the conflicts, as all her neighbors, she finds herself in the very heart of many events that she must face even if she can’t understand them. Whatever the bias of the author, the book remains a terrible testimony of the sufferings of this decade.

Women public engagement, during the war, was very important for process of emancipation in post war Yugoslavia. This was first time that women joined military forces, especially combat unites. In addition to the Soviet partisan units that from 1941 sprang up over the large territories under the German occupation and the great French resistance, the two largest guerrilla forces in Europe operated in the Balkans: the communist movement in Yugoslavia and The Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS). The Yugoslav Partisans and the ELAS were not only fighting for liberation from the occupier, but they also began the Communist Revolution. In addition to establishing the socialist system following the model of the Soviet Republic, one goal was to legalize gender equality and to accelerate the emancipation of women. During the war female partisans (partizanke) gained their role in the new society, the role that would, in the ideal new society after the war, be secured for the entire female gender. By the end of 1941, People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia had accepted a new concept of warfare: the establishment of highly mobile proletarian brigades in which women constituted a significant part of the medical corps. In early 1942, however, the partisan leadership decided to make combat roles officially available to women. During the war women were not able to progress to the higher command or political positions in the military. Also, there were no women in the top ranks of the Communist Party leadership (Politburo). Women were indeed in symbolic numbers chosen to the highest institutions of the Partisan state. A body that gave an opportunity to women to self-organize politically and through this to activate as many women as possible was the Women's Antifascist Front of Yugoslavia (Antifašistički front žena Jugoslavije – AFŽJ). AFŽJ held its first conference in Bosanski Petrovac (northwestern Bosnia) on 5–7 December 1942. The fact that women, despite the aspirations of the Party to win them over, and in spite of customized organizational structure, were poorly represented in the membership of the Party and its leadership, limited the participation of women during the war. Although they were not equally represented in political parties and the partisan institutions of the state, partizanke were more proportionally represented in People's Liberation Army than in the most other similar armies, and won more of the highest awards than female members of the Red Army.

This article intends to be an assessment of the work implemented by the Website Memòria de la presó de dones de Les Corts, –Les Corts women prison memory–, (www.presodelescorts.org). This currently active project started in 2006 by the Associació per la Cultura i la Memòria de Catalunya (ACMe). The text is composed of two parts. In the first one, the project is described within a Public History, Digital History and Oral History framework. The second one focuses on the activities developed along these years. Educational activities such as visits to primary and secondary schools as well as participatory activities. Those actions will materialize in a future monument sited at the former prison’s property in this Barcelona’s district of Les Corts.

Copyright of Bulletin Hispanique is the property of Universite de Bordeaux III (Michel de Montaigne), Institut Hispanique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Online Journal of Educational Sciences is the property of International Online Journal of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Histórica: Historia Moderna is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)