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Diagnosing imbalances in capacity and resistance within parallel-connected cells in battery packs is critical for battery management and fault detection, but it is challenging given that individual currents flowing into each cell are often unmeasured. This work introduces a novel method useful for identifying imbalances in capacity and resistance within a pair of parallel-connected cells using only voltage and current measurements from the pair. Our method utilizes differential voltage analysis (DVA) when the pair is under constant current discharge and demonstrates that features of the pair's differential voltage curve (dV/dQ), namely its mid-to-high SOC dV/dQ peak's height and skewness, are sensitive to imbalances in capacity and resistance. We analyze and explain how and why these dV/dQ peak shape features change in response to these imbalances, highlighting that the underlying current imbalance dynamics resulting from these imbalances contribute to these changes. Ultimately, we demonstrate that dV/dQ peak shape features can identify the product of capacity imbalance and resistance imbalance, but cannot uniquely identify the imbalances. This work lays the groundwork for identifying imbalances in capacity and resistance in parallel-connected cell groups in battery packs, where commonly only a single current sensor is placed for each parallel cell group., Comment: Accepted to American Control Conference (ACC), Toronto, Canada, July 2024

This paper proposes an analytical framework describing how initial capacity and resistance variability in parallel-connected battery cells may inflict additional variability or reduce variability while the cells age. We derive closed-form equations for current and SOC imbalance dynamics within a charge or discharge cycle. These dynamics are represented by a first-order equivalent circuit model and validated against experimental data. To demonstrate how current and SOC imbalance leads to cell degradation, we developed a successive update scheme in which the inter-cycle imbalance dynamics update the intra-cycle degradation dynamics, and vice versa. Using this framework, we demonstrate that current imbalance can cause convergent degradation trajectories, consistent with previous reports. However, we also demonstrate that different degradation assumptions, such as those associated with SOC imbalance, may cause divergent degradation. We finally highlight the role of different cell chemistries, including different OCV function nonlinearities, on system behavior, and derive analytical bounds on the SOC imbalance using Lyapunov analysis., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, submitted to the Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control

With the increased pervasiveness of Lithium-ion batteries, there is growing concern for the amount of retired batteries that will be entering the waste stream. Although these batteries no longer meet the demands of their first application, many still have a significant portion of their initial capacity remaining for use in secondary applications. Yet, direct repurposing is generally not possible and each cell in a battery must be evaluated, increasing the cost of the repurposed packs due to the time intensive screening process. In this paper, a rapid assessment of the internal resistance of a cell is proposed. First, this method of measuring the resistance is completed on cells from twelve retired battery packs and one fresh pack using a hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) test as a benchmark for the analysis. Results from these tests show relatively constant resistance measurements across mid to high terminal voltages, allowing this metric to be independent of state of charge (SOC). Then, the relation between internal resistance and capacity across the various packs is discussed. Initial experimental results from this study show a correlation between internal resistance and capacity which can be approximated with a linear fit, suggesting internal resistance measurements taken above a threshold cell terminal voltage may be a suitable initial screening metric for the capacity of retired cells without knowledge of the SOC., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, Submitted to IFAC AAC 2022 Conference

We propose a method for fast, deterministic resonator reset based on tunable dissipative modes. The dissipator is based on a Josephson junction with relatively low quality factor. When the dissipator is tuned into resonance with a high quality microwave resonator, resonator photons are absorbed by the dissipator at a rate orders of magnitude faster than the resonator relaxation rate. We determine the optimal parameters for realization of the tunable dissipator, and examine application of the dissipator to removing spurious photon population in the qubit readout resonator in circuit quantum electrodynamics. We show that even in the nonlinear large photon occupation regime, this enhanced resonator decay rate can be attained by appropriate modulation of the dissipator frequency., Comment: updated references

A scheme is presented for engineering momentum-space entanglement of fragmented magnon condensates. We consider easy plane frustrated antiferromagnets in which the magnon dispersion has degenerate minima that represent umbrella chiral spin textures. With an applied magnetic field, we tune the Hamiltonian near a quantum critical point that is is signaled by a singularity in the entanglement entropy. The ground state develops momentum-space entanglement of the chiral spin textures. The size of the entangled superposition is accessible experimentally through the magnetic structure factor. Our model is motivated by equilibrium magnon condensates in frustrated antiferromagnets such as CsCuCl3, and it can also be simulated in spin-orbit coupled Mott insulators in atomic optical lattices and circuit quantum electrodynamics.

Motivated by recent interest in implementing circuit quantum electrodynamics with semiconducting quantum dots, we consider a double quantum dot (DQD) capacitively coupled to a superconducting resonator that is driven by the microwave field of a superconducting transmission line. We analyze the DQD current response using input-output theory and show that the resonator-coupled DQD is a sensitive microwave single photon detector. Using currently available experimental parameters of DQD-resonator coupling and dissipation, including the effects of $1/f$ charge noise and phonon noise, we determine the parameter regime for which incident photons are completely absorbed and near unit $\gtrsim$ 98\% efficiency can be achieved. We show that this regime can be reached by using very high quality resonators with quality factor $Q\simeq 10^5$.

Semiconductor quantum dots in silicon are promising qubits because of long spin coherence times and their potential for scalability. However, such qubits with complete electrical control and fidelities above the threshold for quantum error correction have not yet been achieved. We show theoretically that the threshold fidelity can be achieved with ac gate operation of the quantum dot hybrid qubit. Formed by three electrons in a double dot, this qubit is electrically controlled, does not require magnetic fields, and runs at GHz gate speeds. We analyze the decoherence caused by 1/f charge noise in this qubit, find the parameter regime for tunnel couplings and detuning that minimize the charge noise dependence in the qubit frequency, and determine the optimal working points for ac gate operations that drive the detuning and tunnel coupling.

We study spin-dependent heat transport in quantum gases, focusing on transport phenomena related to pure spin currents and spin-dependent temperatures. Using the Boltzmann equation, we compute the coupled spin and heat transport coefficients as a function of temperature and interaction strength for energy dependent $s$-wave scattering. We address the issue of whether spin-dependent temperatures can be sustained on a time and length scale relevant for experiments by computing the spin-heat relaxation time and diffusion length. We find that the time scale for spin-heat relaxation time diverges at low temperatures for both bosons and fermions, indicating that the concept of spin-heat accumulation is well defined for degenerate gases. For bosons, we find power-law behavior on approach to Bose condensation above the critical temperature, as expected from the theory of dynamical critical phenomena.

We propose an optimal set of quantum gates for a singlet-triplet qubit in a double quantum dot with two electrons utilizing the $S$-$T_-$ subspace. Qubit rotations are driven by the applied magnetic field and an orthogonal field gradient provided by a micromagnet. We optimize the fidelity of this qubit as a function of magnetic fields, taking advantage of "sweet spots" where the rotation frequencies are independent of the energy level detuning, providing protection against charge noise. We simulate gate operations and qubit rotations in the presence of quasistatic noise from charge and nuclear spins as well as leakage to nonqubit states, and predict that in silicon quantum dots gate fidelities greater than $99\%$ can be achieved for two nearly-orthogonal rotation axes.

We study the ground-state topology and quasiparticle properties in bosonic Mott insulators with two- dimensional spin-orbit couplings in cold atomic optical lattices. We show that the many-body Chern and spin-Chern number can be expressed as an integral of the quasihole Berry curvatures over the Brillouin zone. Using a strong-coupling perturbation theory, for an experimentally feasible spin-orbit coupling, we compute the Berry curvature and the spin Chern number and find that these quantities can be generated purely by interactions. We also compute the quasiparticle dispersions, spectral weights, and the quasimomentum space distribution of particle and spin density, which can be accessed in cold-atom experiments and used to deduce the Berry curvature and Chern numbers.

Starting from the density-matrix equation of motion, we derive a semiclassical kinetic equation for a general two-band electronic Hamiltonian, systematically including quantum-mechanical corrections up to second order in space-time gradients. We find, in addition to band-projected corrections to the single-particle equation of motion due to phase-space Berry curvature, interband terms that we attribute to the nonorthorgonality of the projected Hilbert spaces. As examples, we apply our kinetic equation to electronic systems in the presence of spatially inhomogeneous and dynamical spin textures stemming from electromagnetic gauge potentials. Specifically, we consider the electromagnetic response of massive two-dimensional Dirac fermions and three-dimensional Weyl fermions, and reproduce the anomalous currents known as the parity and the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly in particle physics.

Soliton dynamics in spin-textured metals generate electrical currents, which produce backaction through spin torques. We modify the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and the corresponding solitonic equations of motion to include such higher-order texture effects. We also find a quasistatic equation for the induced electrochemical potential, which needs to be solved for self-consistently, in the incompressible limit. As an example, we consider the orbital motion of a vortex in a point-contact spin valve, and discuss modifications of orbit radius, frequency, and dissipation power., Comment: 1 figure

We develop the hydrodynamical theory of collinear spin currents coupled to magnetization dynamics in metallic ferromagnets. The collective spin density couples to the spin current through a U(1) Berry-phase gauge field determined by the local texture and dynamics of the magnetization. We determine phenomenologically the dissipative corrections to the equation of motion for the electronic current, which consist of a dissipative spin-motive force generated by magnetization dynamics and a magnetic texture-dependent resistivity tensor. The reciprocal dissipative, adiabatic spin torque on the magnetic texture follows from the Onsager principle. We investigate the effects of thermal fluctuations and find that electronic dynamics contribute to a nonlocal Gilbert damping tensor in the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for the magnetization. Several simple examples, including magnetic vortices, helices, and spirals, are analyzed in detail to demonstrate general principles., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures

We develop a phenomenological hydrodynamic theory of coherent magnetic precession coupled to electric currents. Exchange interaction between electron spin and collective magnetic texture produces two reciprocal effects: spin-transfer torque on the magnetic order parameter and the Berry-phase gauge field experienced by the itinerant electrons. The dissipative processes are governed by three coefficients: the ohmic resistance, Gilbert damping of the magnetization, and the "beta coefficient" describing viscous coupling between magnetic dynamics and electric current, which stems from spin mistracking of the magnetic order. We develop general magnetohydrodynamic equations and discuss the net dissipation produced by the coupled dynamics. The latter in particular allows us to determine a lower bound on the magnetic-texture resistivity., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure