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5. Work Time

Author

Wooden, Mark, Kim, Youngmee, Section editor, and Maggino, Filomena, editor

Published
2023
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16. Training and Its Impact on the Casual Employment Experience. Research Report

Author

National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Buddelmeyer, Hielke, Leung, Felix, McVicar, Duncan, and Wooden, Mark

Abstract

The proportion of people who are employed casually has been stable over the last 15 years at around 20% of the working-age population. For most, casual employment is a relatively temporary state. There are some, though, for whom casual employment is a more enduring state. Does undertaking work-related training help those who are casually employed move into permanent or fixed-term work? Does such training have any impact on the level of satisfaction casually employed people have with their jobs, employment opportunities, and life in general? Using data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, this report investigates these issues. The authors find the impact of training on helping to move individuals from casual employment to more permanent work was minimal, as was the impact of training on an individual's satisfaction with their job or life. Key messages in this report include: (1) Casual workers are less likely to participate in work-related training than those in permanent or fixed-term employment; (2) There is little evidence that receiving work-related training affects the probability of moving into permanent or fixed-term employment. The apparent finding that casual workers who undertake work-related training are more likely to move into permanent or fixed-term work than those who do not becomes invalid when the panel nature of the data is exploited to account for unobserved differences between those receiving and those not receiving training; and (3) There is also little evidence of any strong impacts of work-related training on the level of satisfaction reported by casual workers with their job or life. The exception to this is satisfaction with employment opportunities among casually employed women. An appendix includes: Further details on methods and data. [Funding is provided through the Australian Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education.]

Published
2013

22. Barriers to Training for Older Workers and Possible Policy Solutions.

Author

Wooden, Mark, VandenHeuvel, Adriana, Cully, Mark, and Curtain, Richard

Abstract

This report covers a study of barriers for older workers in obtaining and benefitting from training and innovative policies to remove them. After an introduction, Chapter 2 reviews literature on incidence and determinants of older workers' participation in training; barriers to training; and employer and government initiatives to enhance older persons' access to training. Chapter 3 uses existing secondary data sets to provide an overview of older workers' labor market position; quantify differences in training experiences across cohorts; identify characteristics associated with relatively low levels of training participation and perceived barriers to training participation; and examine variations across cohorts in assessments of the value of training. Chapter 4 presents key findings from focus groups of older persons and human resource managers about their reactions to main findings from the literature review and data analysis and to canvas reactions to policy options to address barriers to training. Chapter 5 presents findings from case studies of three organizations representing "lighthouse" examples of management practice in dealing with an aging workforce. Chapter 6 synthesizes results showing older workers participate less in training and identifies these six barriers to training: absence of paid work; learning capacity; education; uncertain retirement age; employer discrimination; and self discrimination. Chapter 7 examines policy options addressing the barriers, including lifelong learning. (233 references) (YLB)

Published
2001

31. Working from Home, COVID-19 and Job Satisfaction

Author

Laß, Inga, Vera-Toscano, Esperanza, and Wooden, Mark

Subjects
J28, J22, telework, ddc:330, gender, COVID-19, working from home, work-family balance, HILDA Survey, job satisfaction
Abstract

This paper examines the impact of the growth in the incidence of working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic on workers' job satisfaction. Using longitudinal data collected in 2019 and 2021 as part of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, fixed-effects models of job satisfaction are estimated. Changes in the share of total weekly work hours usually worked from home are not found to have any significant association with changes in job satisfaction for men. In contrast, a strong significant positive (but non-linear) association is found for women, and this relationship is concentrated on women with children. These findings suggest the main benefit of working from home for workers arises from the improved ability to combine work and family responsibilities, something that matters more to women given they continue to shoulder most of the responsibility for house and care work.

Published
2023

43. Money Does Not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth, Income and Consumption

Author

Headey, Bruce, Muffels, Ruud, and Wooden, Mark

Abstract

The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries--Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands--to provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures also prove at least as important to happiness as income.

Published
2008
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44. sj-docx-1-srd-10.1177_23780231221096575 – Supplemental material for The Impact of the Pandemic on Gender Inequality in the Australian Labor Market

Author

Mooi-Reci, Irma, Trinh, Trong-Anh, and Wooden, Mark

Subjects
Sociology, FOS: Sociology
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-srd-10.1177_23780231221096575 for The Impact of the Pandemic on Gender Inequality in the Australian Labor Market by Irma Mooi-Reci, Trong-Anh Trinh and Mark Wooden in Socius

Published
2022
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46. sj-docx-2-srd-10.1177_23780231221096575 – Supplemental material for The Impact of the Pandemic on Gender Inequality in the Australian Labor Market

Author

Mooi-Reci, Irma, Trinh, Trong-Anh, and Wooden, Mark

Subjects
Sociology, FOS: Sociology
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-srd-10.1177_23780231221096575 for The Impact of the Pandemic on Gender Inequality in the Australian Labor Market by Irma Mooi-Reci, Trong-Anh Trinh and Mark Wooden in Socius

Published
2022
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47. Reforming the Labour Market for Australian Teachers

Author

Webster, Elizabeth, Wooden, Mark, and Marks, Gary

Abstract

Although there is a general consensus that teachers are important for student learning, there is little discussion of the process by which teachers are employed by schools: the teacher labour market. We argue, based on a mix of a priori and inductive reasoning, that inflexible attitudes about comparative wages have contributed toward chronic shortages of qualified teachers in specialised teacher labour markets and poor incentives for excellent teachers to remain teaching. Overseas studies indicate that chronic shortages occur because fewer science and mathematics graduates, compared to humanities and social science graduates, are attracted to teaching. Higher wage rates for teachers with scarce skills will alleviate shortages and reduce attrition of the most able teachers. (Contains 12 notes and 8 tables.)

Published
2006

48. Working from Home and Work–Family Conflict.

Author

Laß, Inga and Wooden, Mark

Subjects
TELECOMMUTING, FAMILY-work relationship, WORKING hours, STRUCTURAL equation modeling, FAMILIES
Abstract

Longitudinal evidence on whether, and under what conditions, working from home is good or bad for family life is largely absent. Using 15 waves of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, this study investigates the association between working from home and work–family conflict among parents. Fixed-effects structural equation models reveal that more hours worked at home are associated with less work–family conflict. This association, however, is only sizeable (and significant) for those working most of their hours at home. Furthermore, mothers benefit significantly more from home working than fathers. Additionally, mediation analysis suggests the association between working from home and work–family conflict is partly mediated by the level of schedule control, commuting time, and unsocial work hours. Whereas increased schedule control and less commuting among home workers reduce work–family conflict, home working is also associated with more unsocial work hours, which increases work–family conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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