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This reflective essay offers several practical suggestions for scholars and professionals who are looking for ways to sustain abundant personal and professional lives in a discipline that encourages workaholic tendencies and requires many to engage in hybrid working arrangements. We discuss the tensions experienced by many communication teacher-scholars in academe and how various types of boundaries can aid in the maintenance of rest and work.

This study aimed at examining the influence of servant leadership, work ethic, organizational culture, and organizational commitment towards teachers' performance at State Vocational High Schools in Denpasar. This quantitative research was conducted by involving 181 the teachers of state vocational schools in Denpasar. They were selected by using random sampling technique. The data were obtained through survey by using questionnaire as the research instrument. The obtained data were analyzed by using "Structural Equation Modeling" and "Partial Least Squares" (SEM PLS) technique. The results showed that servant leadership, work ethic, organizational culture, and organizational commitment had a positive and significant influence on teachers' performance. In addition, organizational commitment can indirectly mediate the influence of servant leadership, work ethic, and organizational culture on teacher performance. The results of this study could be used as input for school management in improving teacher performance through the development of servant leadership, work ethic, organizational culture, and organizational commitment.

The relationships of 10 gifted high-achieving Millennial males and their fathers were the focus of this qualitative research study. Through in-depth interviews, six significant themes were identified: father's strong work ethic and self-sacrifice, father as teacher of skills and life lessons, father's design and maintenance of father--son rituals, father's quiet presence on the sidelines, father's authenticity and comfort with self, and father's respect for son's talents, decision making, and developing independence. Implications for parents and educators of gifted high-achieving males are discussed.

Achieving adequate integration and success at school in the post-compulsory stages involving situations where there is a risk of social exclusion is a real identity challenge for adolescents. In this research, we used a convenience sampling and selected two high schools located in Areas in Need of Social Transformation in Seville (southern Spain). We studied the learner identity of all their students in the first and second grade of secondary post-compulsory education (N = 70). These students present a trajectory of resilience, as they remained in the education system despite facing many difficulties. In this exploratory research, their identity as learners was analysed through an interview applied in a focus group format (N = 12), where their supports, strengths and psycho-social obstacles that facilitate/hinder their stay in the education system in the post-compulsory stage were also identified. Results show that adolescents have a good attitude towards academic training, based on the conviction that, in the future, they will be able to achieve a higher quality of life and a rapid insertion in skilled jobs. The image students have of themselves combines a negative perception of their lack of work habits, the difficulty of self-regulation and the little effort made, with a more positive view of their agency in the process, highlighting their intellectual and academic capacity and their effort when they set out to do so. Family, teachers and peers play a role in the resilience and identity construction of the adolescents, through protecting them, developing positive perceptions and expectations, stimulating control and effort and attributing successes and failures to students. Programmes based on the participation of the target group are essential for the design and improvement of psychosocial intervention programmes in these contexts.

Local history has its point in providing information to local communities for the exemplary process. However, there are not many studies of local history to be implemented in history learning. Thus, the purpose of this study was to find the values of character education in the material for the struggle of K.H. Ahmad Hanafiah in defending Indonesian independence in the Lampung Residency and its implementation in learning local history. The method used is a qualitative research method with historical studies. This study uses primary and secondary sources and uses interviews as reinforcement. The results of the study are: (1) K.H. Ahmad Hanafiah as a local figure who fought to defend Indonesia's independence in Lampung Residency, (2) The values of character education contained in the material include: religious attitude, hard work, curiosity, love for the homeland, national spirit, and independence, (3) These character values can be implemented in local history learning through the Class XI lesson plans covering the stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation in high school. It is hoped that students can imitate the figure of a K.H. Ahmad Hanafiah, especially for those who live in the Lampung area, and apply it in their lives both now and in the future. History learning has a central role in instilling the values of national character because the scope of the material taught contains heroic, exemplary, patriotism, and nationalism values. [Note: The page range (62-71) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 62-72.]

Character and cultural education has in important role in growing and developing the noble values of a nation. Character education in school can be means of civilizing and humanizing so that the goals of character education can be achieved. One of the link between culture and character education is ethnomathematics. However, there is still a lack of relevant teaching materials and it makes not optimal. Therefore, the implementation of cultural and educational linkages can be developed in a teaching material. The purpose of this research was to determine students' responses to the ethnomathematics of puppet teaching materials as part of the stages of character education-based development. The type of the research is descriptive quantitative. The population of the research is junior high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The number of samples used were 260 students in which the criteria for 130 students are low learning achievements (Group 1) and the other 130 students are good learning achievements (Group 2). The instruments used in this research were application of ethnomathematical and student response through questionnaires. The results showed that in G1 with the low performance, the material in the application was very easy to learn and very useful. In addition, they are also satisfied with the use of the application. Meanwhile, G2 with good learning achievement feel that the application is very useful, very easy to learn and they are very satisfied with the application. Then based on the results of statistical tests, it was obtained that G1 and G2 showed that differences in learning achievement did not affect student responses to the learning process through Puppet ethnomathematics android application based on character education. All the Puppet characters have religious, disciplined, hard work, passion, and love for the homeland.

This study aimed at identifying learning cultures in various workplaces thorough an emergent grounded theory study. To gather data, in-depth interviews were conducted on 127 employees of small to large companies to reach a vast breadth and depth of data. For the purpose of inclusiveness, a maximum variation strategy was adopted for sampling to select participants purposively from manufacturing, knowledge-based, business and service companies. The data were thematically analyzed at two levels, namely initial and secondary coding. To establish credibility, three dominant strategies were continuously used as member check, peer debriefing and external auditing. Consequently, a tripartite typology emerged to represent learning cultures in various enterprises based on three criteria: management approach, peers' reaction, promotion expectancy. To sum up, in the malicious learning culture, bad working habits are learnt and shared by staff and commitment to work is gradually minimized to the lowest possible. In the deterministic learning culture, a neutral learning climate dominates the workplace as staff perceive no link between self-development and job promotion. Finally, in the demanding learning culture people may clearly view sensible links between competency development and job promotion, so they try their utmost to keep up with the latest developments in their field to avert the risk of demotion or job loss. The study suggests that if enterprises plan to achieve and keep a competitive edge, they should focus firmly on creating a demanding workplace learning culture.

Purpose: Chinese kindergarten teachers commonly held "loving and caring for young children" as a core professional ethic, but many reported fatigue and burnout because of this ethical practice. This study presents a unique account of how children's free play has helped transform teachers' professional ethics and increased their professional satisfaction. Design/Approach/Methods: Following a purposive sampling, we interviewed eight Chinese teachers who actively promoted children's free play. The analysis of the interview transcripts led to an in-depth interpretation of the teachers' experiences through a dialogue with various concepts and theories. Findings: A major finding was that children's free play facilitated the change in teachers' understandings of their professional ethics. Their observation and support of children's free play brought them the unprecedented joy of teaching, which helped them redefine loving and caring for children and gave rise to a new code of professional ethics. Originality/Value: This study was the first to assess the Chinese kindergarten teachers' ethics in the free play movement in China. It reveals, in the teachers' own words, how their growing commitment to supporting children's free play has transformed their beliefs and understandings of what a loving and caring teacher means.

The study aims to analyse the phenomenon in a holistic and comprehensive way according to the perceptions of education workers who experience presenteeism more frequently and reveal the relationship of presenteeism with the sociological, psychological, and theological dynamics of Turkish society. The study was conducted with a phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group consists of five teachers and five school administrators working in Elazig, a province in Türkiye in the 2020-2021 academic year. It was determined that educators can voluntarily decide to work when they are not feeling well due to motivations such as a sense of responsibility, conscience, commitment to work, public service, and religious sensitivity. In addition, some participants stated that due to organisational pressure, economic difficulties, and workload, employees make a forced decision to work when they are not well. Finally, in addition to the negative results of presenteeism, positive results, which are rarely seen in the literature, were also obtained. Therefore, the experience of presenteeism should be evaluated considering its positive and negative effects on organisations and employees. Finally, suggestions were developed to monitor the situation of employees experiencing presenteeism, develop policies regarding this, and prevent them from being forced to work in bad situations they cannot tolerate.

Due to the novelty of the concept of language teacher immunity, scant research attention has been dedicated to exploring its personality-based and psychological correlates in language teaching research. To expand the line of research investigating the contributing factors to language teachers' immunity, the present study, informed by positive psychology, aimed to test a structural model of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' L2 grit, work engagement, and immunity. The participants were 369 Iranian EFL teachers who completed three electronic surveys. The results of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) indicated that EFL teachers' immunity was significantly influenced by their L2 grit and work engagement. In addition, EFL teachers' L2 grit was found to be a stronger predictor of their immunity than work engagement. The findings revealed that EFL teachers with higher levels of work engagement and L2 grit tended to be more immune to professional challenges, which subsequently helped them overcome stressors resiliently and remain committed to the profession. The results highlight the significance of applying positive psychology in the field of foreign language teacher education and add to our understanding of the antecedents of language teachers' immunity in EFL contexts. Finally, suggestions for future research are offered.

Purpose: This study aims to undertake a theoretical and technical exploration of the literature on Work Readiness (WR) through the implementation of a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. The present study addresses seven distinct research questions: (1) an examination of the descriptive features characterizing the literature on WR, (2) an analysis of trends in annual scientific publications related to WR, (3) the identification of the most pertinent and high-impact sources contributing to WR, (4) the delineation of the globally cited articles exerting the most influence on WR, (5) the determination of the most relevant countries associated with WR, (6) an evaluation of the outcomes derived from Bradford's Law of Scattering and Lotka's Law of scientific productivity in the context of WR, and (7) the identification of the prevailing research avenues that hold significance for future studies on WR. Design/methodology/approach: The present study employed Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis mapping techniques to analyze 521 articles extracted from the Scopus database. The analysis utilized Biblioshiny software and VOSviewer software as the primary tools. Findings: The findings reveal that WR constitutes a steadily expanding subject discipline, showcasing a notable 9.12% annual growth in scientific production spanning from 1975 to 2023. Australia, the USA, and Canada emerged as the most productive countries within the field of WR, as evidenced by their cumulative scientific production. The thematic map of keyword analysis suggests several burgeoning pathways for future researchers in the WR domain, including workplace learning, functional capacity evaluation, graduate WR, digital literacy, blended learning, resilience, and curriculum. Originality/value: This study contributes to the WR discourse by providing a comprehensive literature review. The findings of this study hold significance for graduates, universities, employers, the higher education industry, and the broader community.

In this study, the relationship between clusters of hope and a psychosocial profile of academic talent development is examined in a sample of 466 academically gifted adolescents. First, cluster analysis is leveraged to examine whether interpretable three- and four-cluster hope solutions can be found in the sample. Second, differences among a group of psychosocial variables that predict academic talent development were examined to assess whether hope clusters were meaningfully related to different psychosocial profiles of academic talent development. This study had several notable findings: (a) an interpretable three-cluster hope solution was found with the hope clusters exhibiting meaningfully different profiles of academic talent development, (b) the high hope cluster reported the psychosocial profile most conducive to academic talent development, followed by the average hope cluster and the low hope cluster, respectively, and (c) this study did not find an interpretable four-cluster hope solution. These findings have implications for both academic talent development and hope theory.

This ethnographic paper navigates the intersections of feminism, urban farm movements, and democratic education at La Granja Puerta del Sol, a small farm near Buenos Aires, Argentina. Under the stewardship of Dani Ramirez, the farm resonates with the ethos of urban agriculture, while actively contesting gender norms and patriarchal structures. In parallel, it functions as a dynamic educational hub and platform for activist causes in their community. Utilising the theoretical perspectives of Michel Foucault's politics of freedom and Linda Zerilli's feminist practices of freedom, I analyze the farm's strategies in fostering sustainability, care work ethics, and collective decision-making. This exploration unveils how La Granja embodies feminist democratic education, underscoring the farm's potential to influence and reshape broader democratic education practices.

While it has been shown that university attendance is strongly predicted by parental education, we know very little about why some potential first-generation students make it to university and others do not. This paper looks at the role of non-cognitive skills in the university participation of this disadvantaged group in England. We find that having higher levels of locus of control, academic self-concept, work ethic, and self-esteem in adolescence is positively related to intergenerational educational mobility to university. Our results indicate these skills help potential first-generation students to compensate for their relative disadvantage, and they are especially crucial for boys.

The present study identifies job crafting profiles of public sector employees and how they differ in terms of employees' work engagement, workaholism, and approach to learning. Participants represent various occupations from educational field (e.g., teachers), technical field (e.g., ICT-experts), and administrative field (e.g., customer servants). Using latent profile analysis, three job crafting profiles could be identified: "Passive crafters" (25%), "Average crafters" (57%), and "Active crafters" (18%). Passive crafters reported the lowest values in all approach-oriented job crafting strategies (increasing job resources and demands) and the highest value in avoidance-oriented job crafting (decreasing hindering job demands). Active crafters reached the highest values in all approach-oriented job crafting and the lowest value in avoidance-oriented job crafting. Average crafters used all job crafting strategies close to the average level. The lowest work engagement, workaholism, and reflective-collaborative approach to learning were reported by passive crafters. Both average crafters and active crafters reported higher workaholism and reflective-collaborative learning approach than passive crafters. Active crafters reported the highest work engagement. Study findings show the interplay between employees' job crafting, work engagement, workaholism, and epistemic approach. This study extends workplace learning research field by offering new theoretical information and is the first one exploring job crafting profiles and their differences regarding employees' epistemic approach; reflective learning, collaborative knowledge-building, and metacognition. Study discusses theoretical contributions and practical implementations, which may be used in work life induction, and in fostering job crafting and continuous workplace learning.

Moral distress is experienced when one knows the right thing to do, but cannot do it because of institutional or external constraints. This study aimed to understand the extent to which moral distress affects a school leader's role, and the key sources of moral distress. Using a web-based survey (n = 954) and focus groups including school leaders, we found that the increasing complexity of classrooms places competing demands upon school leaders. Moral distress emerged from expectations from school district leaders and parents. This study introduces moral distress to educational research, and provides a conceptual lens for describing the moral dimension of challenges that school leaders face. Future scholarship is necessary to understand the impact of moral distress on school leaders as they strive to adapt to increasing demands from both their districts and their school communities.

Educational research acknowledges the significant challenges faced by racialized minority students at school. This interview-based study examines the experiences of racialized minority students in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking region in Belgium, regarding a social science curriculum that addresses the power dynamics and privilege involved in perpetuating ethnic inequality in Flemish education. The study aims to develop typologies of students' responses to this curriculum. First, the fighters, thinkers and bees demonstrate diverse reactions to the curriculum. However, all students agree on the necessity of the curriculum for both racialized minority and majority students. Second, the interviews demonstrate that racialized minority students in Flanders possess a wealth of undervalued capitals. Contrary to conservative assumptions, the study finds no evidence that teaching about structural racialized inequalities causes division and impedes the agency of racialized minority students. The article concludes by emphasizing the implications of these student experiences for teaching practices.

In this article, we explore a program designed to engage high school and college students with learning disabilities (LD) in conversations about their hopes, expectations, and fears for the future. We explore the mindset of students by focusing on their self-identified passions for life and sense of strengths and limitations. We found that males and females differed in goals related to "Academics," "Work Ethic," "Degree Specific Statements," and "Money and Finances." For example, females emphasized "Academic Goals" more frequently than males and focused on topics such as GPA and work ethic in school. However, males made more "Degree Specific Statements" than females, more often emphasizing the desire to be financially stable or have a career with a large income. These differences suggest that college transition staff may want to focus on goals identified by male and female students with LD as a way to be more responsive to student self-identified goals.

Character is a crucial aspect of living in society. Character building has been carried out in Indonesia from hundred years ago. The people have improved their way of life by adopting local culture's educational values, such as the Makassar-Buginese "Siri'." However, in this era, there is a deterioration of student character as a result of losing "Siri'" cultural ideals that are rarely found in the field of education. The study aimed to explore the Makassar-Buginese "Siri'" educational values as the foundation of character building. This study was designed as a qualitative study using the ethno-pedagogy approach. The data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation and analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results have revealed that the Makassar-Buginese "Siri'" contains the following educational values: "teppe" (faith), "pesse" (compassion), "lempuk" (honesty, straightening deeds, and intentions), "sipakatau" (humanizing human), "sipakalebbi" (glorification of human), "sipakainge" (reminding each other), "sipatokkong" (mutual help and mutual support), "tongeng" (sincerity), "reso" (hard work), and "abbulosibatang" (collaboration). In conclusion, the Makassar-Buginese "Siri'" educational values play a crucial role in character education to be integrated into the learning process to improve student character.

The value of academic advising has been increasingly emphasized in higher education. In this study, attention is given to the most significant types of advice that a sample of cybersecurity faculty and advisors from the Commonwealth of Virginia recommend giving to cybersecurity students. The results show that faculty and advisors recommended that students be aware of six different aspects of cybersecurity education including the value of experience, the need for lifelong learning, the importance of hard work, the need to develop technical skills, the interdisciplinary nature of cybersecurity, and the need to develop liberal arts or professional/soft skills. Implications of the findings include the need to embrace the advising of cybersecurity students, the importance of helping cybersecurity faculty and advisors deliver effective advising, and recognition that good advising is more than simply telling students which classes to take.

The article is concerned with the difficulty of providing leisure today with a positive definition that goes beyond merely being a negation of work. I argue that the vague boundaries between work and leisure play into the hands of work -- a highly praised activity that is dominant in today's society. I argue that in such a situation, education as leisure and as good in itself is hard to conceive and sustain. First, I present the concept of leisure in ancient Greece (scholé) as time dedicated to autotelic activities -- activities taken for their own good -- a definition that remains paradigmatic despite its later impossibility. I then show that once work has transformed from hated to bearable to eventually understood as good from a moral perspective, the concept of leisure has also changed -- so much so that its positive definition is no longer available to us. After showing how education is affected by the diffusion of the boundaries between work and leisure, I suggest three possible ways to counter this process: (1) focusing on leisure as resistance to the dominance of work, (2) appealing to the deep connection between leisure and religious worship, and (3) a radical rejection of the concept of "leisurely work" or any other kind of work that is presumed good in itself.

The purpose of this research is to determine the problems faced by the teachers who give vocational courses during their vocational practice. A semi-structured interview form was used in order to collect the data required for the research. The research is a qualitative study and it was carried out in order to determine the opinions of teachers about the problems encountered in vocational education. The case study method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. All the data obtained in the research were analyzed by coding with the content analysis method. The study group of the research consists of a total of 30 vocational course teachers, 21 male and 9 female, working in state vocational high schools in the central districts of Hatay province in the 2020-2021 academic year, and they participated in the research on a voluntary basis. In the research, one conclusion was that the students who receive vocational education have sufficient skills for business life, albeit partially, that students sometimes have difficulties in adapting to the work discipline, and that there may be problems due to cognitive, affective and psychomotor, that is, individual characteristics, especially during internship training. In addition, in the research, it can be concluded that practical training should be carried out with a wider scope, physical facilities should be improved by giving more importance to vocational high schools, and students should be admitted to vocational education institutions with aptitude tests.

Research has focused almost exclusively on International Teaching Assistants'(ITA) experiences as instructors, overlooking the ITA training class. This has led to the marginalization of Pre-Service ITAs in the literature. The locus of potentially important learning, a descriptive, multiple case study examined the investment (Darvin & Norton, 2015) of three Pre-Service ITA's in their ITA training class over one semester at a large US university. Data included ITA's weekly journals, individual interviews/stimulated recalls, class assignments, and field notes from classroom observations. Findings are presented as portraits of real, multifaceted ITA's, then from cross-case analyses. Participants experienced the same course very differently, impacted most prominently by their ITA educators' teaching approach, their exposure to teaching role models, and their home department structures. Recognizing the incredible diversity ITA's represent, pedagogical implications suggest an "intense exposure experience" or teaching-training focused pedagogy be implemented--instead of test-centric pedagogies, situating ITA's learning within un-simulated spaces with real undergraduates. [Note: The page range (175-192) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 175-198.]

In his seminal book, "Toward Excellence with Equity: An Emerging Vision for Closing the Achievement Gap," Ferguson (2008) persuasively argued that the achievement gap between students from different racial groups is not the result of a difference in ability, attitudes or work ethic between groups, but rather a difference in the academic skills acquired. Often, we in the academic community use the term educational equity when referring to closing the achievement gap between different groups of students, such as majority versus minoritized, lower socioeconomic versus higher socioeconomic, or students from well-resourced versus under-resourced schools (Harris & Herrington, 2006). I have recently begun using a parallel term, metacognitive equity, to describe closing the gap between students who use metacognition (effective thinking and learning strategies) and those who do not. I posit that it is the gap in metacognitive strategies that contributes most to the persistent achievement gap and that all students must be taught how to learn.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of training methods and work ethic on students' work competencies. The focus of teaching implementation is observed using two training methods, namely: on the job training method using internship training and "simulasi" method using simulation. The initial work ethic of students is limited to low and high categories. This type of research is a quasi-experimental with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The research population is all students of class XI of the Hospitality Accommodation Department at SMK Negeri 7 Bengkulu City, totaling 123 people. The sample was selected using the intact group technique from four classes selected to be two learning classes as the experimental group. The selected class is drawn by lottery to determine the treatment of the internship training and "simulasi" methods. Each treatment group was grouped based on low work ethic and high work ethic. The research instrument is a work competency assessment sheet and student work ethic. The data analysis technique used is 2-way analysis of variance. The results of the study can be concluded that: (1) the average work competence of students using the internship training method is higher than those using the simulation method. (2) The average work competence of students who have a high work ethic is higher than students with a low work ethic. (3) There is an interaction effect between training methods and work ethic on the work competence of students. (4) Students with a high work ethic who take part in the internship training method have higher work competencies compared to the simulation method. (5) Students with a low work ethic who take part in the internship training method have lower work competencies than those using the simulation method.

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the living values and life skills of 883 students in five secondary schools in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang. The questionnaire used in the study consists of 42 items reflecting 9 living values (Patriotism, Cooperation, Safety, Happiness, Tolerance, Hardworking, Love -- Respect, Responsible for the future and Honesty) and 23 items reflecting 3 life skills (Autonomy, Problem Solving and Creativity, and Communication). The results show that: The students made a clear expression of the 9 living values and the 3 life skills. The living values and life skills were positively correlated with the Pearson correlation coefficients of from 0.33 to 0.684. The correlation coefficients between living values and life skills expressed by females are higher than those for males. The correlation coefficients between living values and life skills by grade level are positive. This study also showed the need to focus on educating the living values and life skills under the focus of the general education program in Vietnam today. The research provides a scientific basis and evidence that many high secondary schools in Vietnam are focusing on educating only life skills in the past decade will review and adjust their model and approach of life skills education. These practical results help reinforce the approach and educational model for integrated living values and life skills. Many schools, especially five schools of the sample group in Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang and Hanoi, can immediately adjust their current model of living values and life skills education.

This article aims to raise education researchers' self-reflection about their treatment of teachers as workers through introducing the term "creative work ethic." At its core, the creative work ethic is the belief that good work entails innovation. Additional features of this ethic are the prizing self-motivation, work done individually, and a flexible schedule that mixes labor with leisure activities. The danger of the creative work ethic is a tendency for self-exploitation and devaluing workers who do not fit into the ethic. After defining the features of the creative work ethic and describing its drawback, the paper reads closely three education papers in order to show how this ethic colors their analysis of teachers' work or their prescription for better teaching.

There is limited understanding of how women of Mexican heritage transform cultural and familial protective factors into strategies to help navigate their education. This study helps bridge the gap between students' cultural wealth and the ways they utilize this protective factor in college. I analyzed the strategies used by seven first-generation college women of Mexican heritage and captured them through participant-produced photographs. Specifically, visual snapshots of the ways they chose to deploy their cultural wealth or asset-based resources were provided. The display of family photographs, collages, and religious statues reflected, accommodated, and validated their precollege assets and resources to incorporate their cultural wealth while navigating the first year in college. The women stayed connected with their precollege protective factors that include their family history, familial-cultural assets, and family resilience as they transitioned to college life. This study supports efforts to support educational excellence, equity, and justice for first-generation college women of Mexican heritage.

The purpose of this study was to explore the manner in which Australian National Rugby League (NRL) referees developed their craft. Craftmanship represents an enduring, basic human impulse, related to the desire to do a job well for its own sake (Sennett, R. (2008). Prologue: Man as his own maker. In R. Sennett (Ed.), "The craftsman" (pp. 1-15). Yale University Press). Specifically, in this study craftsmanship related to the specialist trade knowledge, work ethics and attributes, motor skills, cognitive processes, pre-match routines, workplace affordances, attention to detail, and dispositional qualities contributing to elite rugby league refereeing performance. Data generation included semi-structured interviews with current NRL referees (n = 8), NRL referee coaches (n = 2), NRL referee advisor/administrator (n = 1), and an immediately retired NRL referee (n = 1); game observations; direct involvement from the lead author in work meetings and game review processes, as well as casual workplace conversations over the immersion period. In addition, each participant completed a survey related to ranking sources of learning they believed contributed to the development of their craft. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically along with the field notes generated through game observations and the immersion period. Findings highlighted how referees used combinations of specialist trade knowledge such as game management, game understanding, context, trusted peer support, and knowledge of rules, in conjunction with their own experiences and desire to learn, to shape and develop their work. Overall, this reinforces the idea that workplace affordances, an individual's personal agency, and the interrelationships between them, are crucial components for understanding how referees develop their craft. Findings from this research might be generative for sport referees and those responsible for the recruitment, professional learning, and development of these key sport actors.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine individuals' levels of work ethic amongst current and recent university attendees across three countries. This article presents the results of a survey of 537 respondents from the United States of America, Korea and China, thus extending the previous research into work ethic, often conducted from a Western perspective. The comparative study aims to enhance the understanding of cross-cultural and gender differences and similarities whilst probing for the levels of work ethic amongst the respondents. Design/methodology/approach: A comparative research method was adopted because the authors' aim was to probe similarities and differences across three societies. Multiple analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were utilised to explore gender and country-related differences. Cluster analysis was applied to probe for segments highly similar to each other in the levels of work ethic of the respondents. Findings: The results confirm the hypothesised differences between countries as well as across gender groups, with American females having the highest levels of work ethic, closely followed by Chinese males and females. Three distinct segments -- low, medium and high levels of work ethic -- were found in all three countries, indicating that there are individuals in each of the societies who could benefit from strategies for increasing the individuals' levels of work ethic. Originality/value: Novel gender comparisons of the three country groups revealed American females as having the highest levels of work ethic and Korean females the lowest, whilst the identification of clusters of low, medium and high levels of work ethic provides evidence of the need to increase levels of work ethic to enhance productivity, regardless of the country of origin.

Addressing practical, perennial problems with no discernible solutions (e.g., income insecurity, food insecurity, housing insecurity, health inequality, unsustainability) generates moral fallout--people could be harmed. As a profession, family and consumer sciences/home economics mandates that its practitioners hold deep obligations to the public they serve. Thus, morally-bound practice cannot go unchecked. Family and consumer sciences (FCS) professionals can bolster their professional accountability if they embrace eight professional imperatives, which range from the abstract and the theoretical to the concrete. These include being philosophically grounded, ethically compelled, morally obligated, values oriented, ideologically aware, theoretically mature, intellectually savvy, and competent and skilled. When embraced, these imperatives will better ensure professional accountability by FCS practitioners.

The aim of the study was to profoundly gain understanding into specific cultural values that underlie traditional practices which pose as barriers to rural girls' education in Zambia. A pairwise case study approach was used to identify and describe types of cultural values prevalent in the Bemba and Tonga ethnic groups of Zambia. A total of 28 interviews (16 focus group discussions and 12 key informant interviews) were carried out with community members and school heads in Choma and Kasama, to verify specific proximate barriers associated with school-going girls. Thematic data analysis was performed using NVivo 12. The study identified six broad values that the two ethnic groups mutually desired. Security and protection, purity and propriety of a woman, conformity, respect, generosity and hard work. Conversely, power and possession, and unity were specific to Tongas and Bembas, respectively. The value of "unity" portrayed more impetus than that of "power and possession" to restrain girls from attending school. While both social groups indicated desire to uphold these values, modes of value expression and collective practices were clearly differentiated. The study established that specific practices and norms chocking rural girls' education are performed through the process of cultural value activation. Further, the study demonstrates that cultural values have underlying associations with rural girls' education advancement especially at higher ages. Gaining detailed knowledge of cultural values underpinning specific social groups through case study research is important in order to inform the design of more effective girls' education promotion interventions.

The study aims to determine and evaluate elite student athletes' attitudes toward puritan and hedonist work ethics. The study group consisted of 729 athletes at university and high school levels (female n = 276, male n = 453). "From Puritanism to Hedonism: New Ethics of Working Questionnaire (PH-NEWQ)" was used as the study's data collection tool. According to the study findings, elite student athletes generally adopted puritan work ethics rather than hedonistic tendencies. In this sense, national athletes and team athletes had puritan work ethics. However, female athletes and individual athletes had a hedonistic mindset. Thus, it is recommended to plan the educational lives of elite athletes by considering the puritan values in elite sports.

This study aimed to assess the emotional intelligence and work values of the selected instructors from a teacher education institution. The researcher used a descriptive correlational design in this study with the questionnaire as the main instrument of gathering data. Thirty instructors took part in the survey via convenience sampling. For the instrument, an adapted and modified version of the Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment Questionnaire (1998) and Work Values Inventory (2006) was used. The researcher subjected the data with the following tools: Weighted Mean, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson-r with the help of SPSS 20. This study generated the following results: instructors agree moderately on the different indicators of emotional intelligence. The instructors also stated that all the indicators are important for the work values inventory. There are no significant differences found in the emotional intelligence and work values when grouped according to sex, civil status, educational attainment, and length of service. However, in terms of age, emotional intelligence got a significant difference. There is also no significant relationship found between the demographic profile, emotional intelligence, and work values of the instructors. Based on the results, the researcher endorsed relevant recommendations.

This study determined the prevailing ethical climate in State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Region XII and its relationship to the faculty's three mandated functions; including instruction, research and extension. The descriptive method of research utilizing the correlation analysis was used in this study. This was conducted in four SUCs in Region XII, namely: Cotabato City State Polytechnic College in Cotabato City, Sultan Kudarat State University (ACCESS) in Tacurong City, University of Southern Mindanao in North Cotabato, and Cotabato Foundation of Science and Technology in North Cotabato. The respondents were the 268 selected faculty members taken through random sampling method. The researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather the data pertaining to the ethical climate and faculty's trifocal functions. The findings generated: The prevailing ethical climate in professional values has the mean of 4.59 described as "excellent", work ethics is "excellent" with the mean of 4.79 and cultural values is also "excellent" with its mean of 4.52; the faculty productivity in instruction is "excellent" with its mean of 4.79, "poor" in research with the mean of 2.23 and "good" in extension with the mean of 3.06; The ethical climate in terms of professional ethics with.942 manifests very high positive relationship, work ethics with.897 denotes high positive relationship, and cultural values with 0.864 also show high positive relationship with faculty productivity in their trifocal functions. The study concluded that the ethical climate influenced the faculty productivity. The faculty professional ethics, work ethics and cultural values contributed significantly to the faculty productivity in their university trifocal functions.

Problems of organizational citizenship behavior among academics, especially lecturers, are something relevant in the study of the quality of an organization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the increase in organizational citizenship behavior based on Islamic work ethics, organizational satisfaction and commitment. By collecting data from 365 lecturers from 14 private universities as sample in the city of Bandung, the sampling was taken with proportional random sampling techniques. Data analysis techniques were conducted by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS. The results of this study revealed the positive effect of Islamic work ethics on organizational citizenship behavior and on organizational commitment, positive but not significant effect of Islamic work ethics on job satisfaction. Islamic work ethic has a positive effect on organizational commitment. Moreover, the findings showed that job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. However, job satisfaction has a positive but not significant effect on organizational commitment. In practice, this study encourages private university management to improve work ethics and job satisfaction of lecturers, which in turn can influence organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment of lecturers.

This study both supports and expands the growing body of evidence that there are positive career outcomes associated study abroad and cultural engagement. Consistent with previous studies, study abroad alumni report that their interest in study abroad influenced their choice of college. This intention to study abroad before starting at university is positively related to the career benefit that alumni report deriving from their time abroad. Dependent measures include work ethic, skills development, and career choices. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of our findings for both program development and student engagement in and preparation for study abroad.

Despite increasing attention to understanding strengths in those on the autism spectrum, few studies have explored this in older individuals. The present study provides a qualitative analysis of parent-reported strengths and positive qualities of 68 15-30-year-olds with autism and/or intellectual disability (ID). Most parents (97%) reported at least one positive quality. Themes were consistent with previous studies; Personality characteristics (82%) and Sociability (53%) were reported most frequently. A Work Ethic/Motivation category not previously reported emerged. Autistic individuals (with/without ID) were more likely than those with ID-only to have a Specific Skill. Findings highlight the importance of recognizing strengths of autistic adults. Research is needed to understand how to best leverage positive qualities to promote goal achievement and quality of life.

Intergenerational transmission of disadvantage remains a problem despite political and educational initiatives. This study explored the role of personality and psychosocial factors in occupational status in a survey of 383 participants (174 males and 209 females) over 39 years from age 16 to 55. Mother's education, extraversion, and mastery motivation were the best predictors of current socioeconomic status. A focus on education and academic development as the single solution to social immobility has been ineffective. Instead a broader approach which includes realistic lifelong educational opportunities and an education system which enables socioemotional development as well as academic growth is recommended.

University students in paid employment have less time for studying, report more stress, and participate in fewer extracurricular activities than non-employed students. These negative outcomes that result from combining work and study can cause employed students to experience the domains of work, study, and social life as practically incompatible, but also to experience a sense of identity incompatibility. Therefore, we used insights from previous quantitative and qualitative data on employed students and previous work on identity incompatibility to generate two research questions (RQs): RQ1. What type(s) of incompatibility (practical, identity or other) do employed students experience? and RQ2. What strategies have they adopted to reduce the experienced incompatibility? In order to answer these questions, we performed a thematic analysis with a deductive approach on transcripts from 21 UK university students who we interviewed. The students reported two types of incompatibilities: practical incompatibility, which stems from the lack of time, lack of energy, and lack of social contact associated with combining work and study; and identity incompatibility, which emanates from status differences and differences between one's own and others' perception of oneself. In order to reduce or resolve these incompatibilities, the students also developed practical (e.g. taking paid leave) and cognitive (e.g. compartmentalising contexts) strategies. Finally, the students also noted how the experience of practical incompatibility can reaffirm their values of hard work and productivity and make them resilient learners.