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1. Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

Author: Frangou, S. (Sophia), Modabbernia, A. (Amirhossein), Williams, S.C.R. (Steven C. R.), Papachristou, E. (Efstathios), Doucet, G.E. (Gaelle E.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Akudjedu, T.N. (Theophilus N.), Albajes-Eizagirre, A. (Anton), Alnæs, D. (Dag), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andersson, M. (Micael), Andreasen, N.C. (Nancy C.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Asherson, P. (Philip), Banaschewski, T. (Tobias), Bargallo, N. (Nuria), Baumeister, S. (Sarah), Baur-Streubel, R. (Ramona), Bertolino, A. (Alessandro), Bonvino, A. (Aurora), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Borgwardt, S. (Stefan), Bourque, J. (Josiane), Brandeis, D. (Daniel), Breier, A. (Alan), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Busatto, G.F. (Geraldo F.), Buckner, M., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Canales-Rodríguez, E.J. (Erick J.), Cannon, D.M. (Dara M.), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Castellanos, F.X. (Francisco X.), Cervenka, S. (Simon), Chaim-Avancini, T.M. (Tiffany M.), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chubar, V. (Victoria), Clark, V.P. (Vincent P.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), Conzelmann, A. (Annette), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Crone, E.A. (Eveline), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Dickie, E.W. (Erin W.), Di Giorgio, A. (Annabella), Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Dørum, E.S. (Erlend S.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (Helena), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Franke, B. (Barbara), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Fuentes-Claramonte, P. (Paola), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gotlib, I.H. (Ian H.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gruner, P. (Patricia), Gur, R.E. (Rachel E.), Gur, R.C. (Ruben C.), Harrison, B.J. (Ben J.), Hartman, C.A. (Catharine A.), Hatton, W., Heinz, A. (Andreas), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hohmann, S. (Sarah), Holmes, A.J. (Avram J.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Huyser, J. (Jochanan), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), James, A., Jernigan, T.L. (Terry L.), Jiang, J. (Jiyang), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Joska, J.A. (John A.), Kahn, R. (Rene), Kalnin, A. (Andrew), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Klein, M. (Marieke), Klyushnik, T.P. (Tatyana P.), Koenders, L. (Laura), Koops, S. (Sanne), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kuntsi, J. (Jonna), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Lázaro, L. (Luisa), Lebedeva, I. (Irina), Lee, W.H. (Won Hee), Lesch, K.-P. (Klaus-Peter), Lochner, C. (Christine), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), Maingault, S. (Sophie), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G.), Martínez-Zalacaín, I. (Ignacio), Mataix-Cols, D. (David), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), McDonald, C. (Colm), McDonald, B.C. (Brenna C.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), McPhilemy, G. (Genevieve), Menchón, J.M. (José M.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Naaijen, J. (Jilly), Najt, P. (Pablo), Nakao, T. (Tomohiro), Nordvik, J.E. (Jan E.), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), de la Foz, V.O.-G. (Víctor Ortiz-García), Paloyelis, Y. (Yannis), Pauli, P. (Paul), Pergola, G. (Giulio), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Portella, M.J. (Maria J.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven G.), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Reif, A. (Andreas), Rinker, D.A. (Daniel A.), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G. P.), Sacchet, M.D. (Matthew D.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Sánchez-Juan, P. (Pascual), Sarró, S. (Salvador), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Sim, K. (Kang), Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I. (Iris), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Swagerman, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Tamnes, C.K. (Christian K.), Temmingh, H.S. (Henk S.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trollor, J., Turner, J.A. (Jessica A.), Uhlmann, A. (Anne), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), van den Meer, D. (Dennis), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E. M.), Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Voineskos, A. (Aristotle), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H. (Henrik), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Wang, Y. (Yang), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weber, B. (Bernd), Wen, W. (Wei), West, J.D. (John D.), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H. (Heather), Wierenga, L.M. (Lara M.), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Worker, A. (Amanda), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Yang, K. (Kun), Yoncheva, Y. (Yulyia), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Ziegler, G.C. (Georg C.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Dima, D. (Danai), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Modabbernia, A. (Amirhossein), Williams, S.C.R. (Steven C. R.), Papachristou, E. (Efstathios), Doucet, G.E. (Gaelle E.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Akudjedu, T.N. (Theophilus N.), Albajes-Eizagirre, A. (Anton), Alnæs, D. (Dag), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andersson, M. (Micael), Andreasen, N.C. (Nancy C.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Asherson, P. (Philip), Banaschewski, T. (Tobias), Bargallo, N. (Nuria), Baumeister, S. (Sarah), Baur-Streubel, R. (Ramona), Bertolino, A. (Alessandro), Bonvino, A. (Aurora), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Borgwardt, S. (Stefan), Bourque, J. (Josiane), Brandeis, D. (Daniel), Breier, A. (Alan), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Busatto, G.F. (Geraldo F.), Buckner, M., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Canales-Rodríguez, E.J. (Erick J.), Cannon, D.M. (Dara M.), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Castellanos, F.X. (Francisco X.), Cervenka, S. (Simon), Chaim-Avancini, T.M. (Tiffany M.), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chubar, V. (Victoria), Clark, V.P. (Vincent P.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), Conzelmann, A. (Annette), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Crone, E.A. (Eveline), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Dickie, E.W. (Erin W.), Di Giorgio, A. (Annabella), Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Dørum, E.S. (Erlend S.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (Helena), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Franke, B. (Barbara), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Fuentes-Claramonte, P. (Paola), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gotlib, I.H. (Ian H.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gruner, P. (Patricia), Gur, R.E. (Rachel E.), Gur, R.C. (Ruben C.), Harrison, B.J. (Ben J.), Hartman, C.A. (Catharine A.), Hatton, W., Heinz, A. (Andreas), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hohmann, S. (Sarah), Holmes, A.J. (Avram J.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Huyser, J. (Jochanan), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), James, A., Jernigan, T.L. (Terry L.), Jiang, J. (Jiyang), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Joska, J.A. (John A.), Kahn, R. (Rene), Kalnin, A. (Andrew), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Klein, M. (Marieke), Klyushnik, T.P. (Tatyana P.), Koenders, L. (Laura), Koops, S. (Sanne), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kuntsi, J. (Jonna), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Lázaro, L. (Luisa), Lebedeva, I. (Irina), Lee, W.H. (Won Hee), Lesch, K.-P. (Klaus-Peter), Lochner, C. (Christine), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), Maingault, S. (Sophie), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G.), Martínez-Zalacaín, I. (Ignacio), Mataix-Cols, D. (David), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), McDonald, C. (Colm), McDonald, B.C. (Brenna C.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), McPhilemy, G. (Genevieve), Menchón, J.M. (José M.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Naaijen, J. (Jilly), Najt, P. (Pablo), Nakao, T. (Tomohiro), Nordvik, J.E. (Jan E.), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), de la Foz, V.O.-G. (Víctor Ortiz-García), Paloyelis, Y. (Yannis), Pauli, P. (Paul), Pergola, G. (Giulio), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Portella, M.J. (Maria J.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven G.), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Reif, A. (Andreas), Rinker, D.A. (Daniel A.), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G. P.), Sacchet, M.D. (Matthew D.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Sánchez-Juan, P. (Pascual), Sarró, S. (Salvador), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Sim, K. (Kang), Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I. (Iris), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Swagerman, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Tamnes, C.K. (Christian K.), Temmingh, H.S. (Henk S.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trollor, J., Turner, J.A. (Jessica A.), Uhlmann, A. (Anne), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), van den Meer, D. (Dennis), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E. M.), Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Voineskos, A. (Aristotle), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H. (Henrik), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Wang, Y. (Yang), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weber, B. (Bernd), Wen, W. (Wei), West, J.D. (John D.), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H. (Heather), Wierenga, L.M. (Lara M.), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Worker, A. (Amanda), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Yang, K. (Kun), Yoncheva, Y. (Yulyia), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Ziegler, G.C. (Georg C.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Dima, D. (Danai)
Abstract: Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3–90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.
Published: 2021
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2. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

Author: Dima, D. (Danai), Modabbernia, A. (Amirhossein), Papachristou, E. (Efstathios), Doucet, G.E. (Gaelle E.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Akudjedu, T.N. (Theophilus N.), Albajes-Eizagirre, A. (Anton), Alnæs, D. (Dag), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andersson, M. (Micael), Andreasen, N.C. (Nancy C.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Asherson, P. (Philip), Banaschewski, T. (Tobias), Bargallo, N. (Nuria), Baumeister, S. (Sarah), Baur-Streubel, R. (Ramona), Bertolino, A. (Alessandro), Bonvino, A. (Aurora), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Borgwardt, S. (Stefan), Bourque, J. (Josiane), Brandeis, D. (Daniel), Breier, A. (Alan), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Busatto, G.F. (Geraldo F.), Buckner, M., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Canales-Rodríguez, E.J. (Erick J.), Cannon, D.M. (Dara M.), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Castellanos, F.X. (Francisco X.), Cervenka, S. (Simon), Chaim-Avancini, T.M. (Tiffany M.), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chubar, V. (Victoria), Clark, V.P. (Vincent P.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), Conzelmann, A. (Annette), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Crone, E.A. (Eveline), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Dickie, E.W. (Erin W.), Di Giorgio, A. (Annabella), Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Dørum, E.S. (Erlend S.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (Helena), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Franke, B. (Barbara), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Fuentes-Claramonte, P. (Paola), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gotlib, I.H. (Ian H.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gruner, P. (Patricia), Gur, R.E. (Rachel E.), Gur, R.C. (Ruben C.), Harrison, B.J. (Ben J.), Hartman, C.A. (Catharine A.), Hatton, W., Heinz, A. (Andreas), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hohmann, S. (Sarah), Holmes, A.J. (Avram J.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Huyser, J. (Jochanan), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), James, A., Jernigan, T.L. (Terry L.), Jiang, J. (Jiyang), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Joska, J.A. (John A.), Kahn, R. (Rene), Kalnin, A. (Andrew), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Klein, M. (Marieke), Klyushnik, T.P. (Tatyana P.), Koenders, L. (Laura), Koops, S. (Sanne), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kuntsi, J. (Jonna), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Lázaro, L. (Luisa), Lebedeva, I. (Irina), Lee, W.H. (Won Hee), Lesch, K.-P. (Klaus-Peter), Lochner, C. (Christine), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), Maingault, S. (Sophie), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G.), Martínez-Zalacaín, I. (Ignacio), Mataix-Cols, D. (David), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), McDonald, C. (Colm), McDonald, B.C. (Brenna C.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), McPhilemy, G. (Genevieve), Menchón, J.M. (José M.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Naaijen, J. (Jilly), Najt, P. (Pablo), Nakao, T. (Tomohiro), Nordvik, J.E. (Jan E.), Nyberg, L., Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), de la Foz, V.O.-G. (Víctor Ortiz-García), Paloyelis, Y. (Yannis), Pauli, P. (Paul), Pergola, G. (Giulio), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Portella, M.J. (Maria J.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven G.), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Reif, A. (Andreas), Rinker, D.A. (Daniel A.), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G. P.), Sacchet, M.D. (Matthew D.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Sánchez-Juan, P. (Pascual), Sarró, S. (Salvador), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Sim, K. (Kang), Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I. (Iris), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Swagerman, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Tamnes, C.K. (Christian K.), Temmingh, H.S. (Henk S.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trollor, J., Turner, J.A. (Jessica A.), Uhlmann, A. (Anne), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), van den Meer, D. (Dennis), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E. M.), van't Ent, D. (Dennis), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Voineskos, A. (Aristotle), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H. (Henrik), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Wang, Y. (Yang), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weber, B. (Bernd), Wen, W. (Wei), West, J.D. (John D.), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H. (Heather), Wierenga, L.M. (Lara M.), Williams, S.C.R. (Steven C. R.), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Worker, A. (Amanda), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Yang, K. (Kun), Yoncheva, Y. (Yulyia), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Ziegler, G.C. (Georg C.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Dima, D. (Danai), Modabbernia, A. (Amirhossein), Papachristou, E. (Efstathios), Doucet, G.E. (Gaelle E.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Akudjedu, T.N. (Theophilus N.), Albajes-Eizagirre, A. (Anton), Alnæs, D. (Dag), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andersson, M. (Micael), Andreasen, N.C. (Nancy C.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Asherson, P. (Philip), Banaschewski, T. (Tobias), Bargallo, N. (Nuria), Baumeister, S. (Sarah), Baur-Streubel, R. (Ramona), Bertolino, A. (Alessandro), Bonvino, A. (Aurora), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Borgwardt, S. (Stefan), Bourque, J. (Josiane), Brandeis, D. (Daniel), Breier, A. (Alan), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Busatto, G.F. (Geraldo F.), Buckner, M., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Canales-Rodríguez, E.J. (Erick J.), Cannon, D.M. (Dara M.), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Castellanos, F.X. (Francisco X.), Cervenka, S. (Simon), Chaim-Avancini, T.M. (Tiffany M.), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chubar, V. (Victoria), Clark, V.P. (Vincent P.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), Conzelmann, A. (Annette), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Crone, E.A. (Eveline), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Dickie, E.W. (Erin W.), Di Giorgio, A. (Annabella), Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Dørum, E.S. (Erlend S.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (Helena), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Franke, B. (Barbara), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Fuentes-Claramonte, P. (Paola), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gotlib, I.H. (Ian H.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gruner, P. (Patricia), Gur, R.E. (Rachel E.), Gur, R.C. (Ruben C.), Harrison, B.J. (Ben J.), Hartman, C.A. (Catharine A.), Hatton, W., Heinz, A. (Andreas), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hohmann, S. (Sarah), Holmes, A.J. (Avram J.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Howells, F.M. (Fleur M.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Huyser, J. (Jochanan), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), James, A., Jernigan, T.L. (Terry L.), Jiang, J. (Jiyang), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Joska, J.A. (John A.), Kahn, R. (Rene), Kalnin, A. (Andrew), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Klein, M. (Marieke), Klyushnik, T.P. (Tatyana P.), Koenders, L. (Laura), Koops, S. (Sanne), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kuntsi, J. (Jonna), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Lázaro, L. (Luisa), Lebedeva, I. (Irina), Lee, W.H. (Won Hee), Lesch, K.-P. (Klaus-Peter), Lochner, C. (Christine), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), Maingault, S. (Sophie), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G.), Martínez-Zalacaín, I. (Ignacio), Mataix-Cols, D. (David), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), McDonald, C. (Colm), McDonald, B.C. (Brenna C.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), McPhilemy, G. (Genevieve), Menchón, J.M. (José M.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Naaijen, J. (Jilly), Najt, P. (Pablo), Nakao, T. (Tomohiro), Nordvik, J.E. (Jan E.), Nyberg, L., Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), de la Foz, V.O.-G. (Víctor Ortiz-García), Paloyelis, Y. (Yannis), Pauli, P. (Paul), Pergola, G. (Giulio), Pomarol-Clotet, E. (Edith), Portella, M.J. (Maria J.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven G.), Radua, J. (Joaquim), Reif, A. (Andreas), Rinker, D.A. (Daniel A.), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G. P.), Sacchet, M.D. (Matthew D.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salvador, R. (Raymond), Sánchez-Juan, P. (Pascual), Sarró, S. (Salvador), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Sim, K. (Kang), Smoller, J.W., Sommer, I. (Iris), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Swagerman, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Tamnes, C.K. (Christian K.), Temmingh, H.S. (Henk S.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trollor, J., Turner, J.A. (Jessica A.), Uhlmann, A. (Anne), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), van den Meer, D. (Dennis), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E. M.), van't Ent, D. (Dennis), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Voineskos, A. (Aristotle), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H. (Henrik), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Wang, Y. (Yang), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weber, B. (Bernd), Wen, W. (Wei), West, J.D. (John D.), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H. (Heather), Wierenga, L.M. (Lara M.), Williams, S.C.R. (Steven C. R.), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wolf, D.H. (Daniel H.), Worker, A. (Amanda), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Yang, K. (Kun), Yoncheva, Y. (Yulyia), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Ziegler, G.C. (Georg C.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Frangou, S. (Sophia)
Abstract: Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3–90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
Published: 2020
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3. Cerebral small vessel disease genomics and its implications across the lifespan

Author: Sargurupremraj, M. (Muralidharan), Suzuki, H. (Hideaki), Jian, X. (Xueqiu), Sarnowski, C., Evans, T.E (Tavia), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Sakaue, S. (Saori), Terzikhan, N. (Natalie), Habes, M. (Mohamad), Zhao, W. (Wei), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Hofer, E. (Edith), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Hagenaars, S.P. (Saskia P.), Kumar, R.B. (Rajan B.), Akker, E.B. (Erik) van den, McWhirter, R.E. (Rebekah E.), Trompet, S. (Stella), Mishra, A. (Aniket), Saba, Y. (Yasaman), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Beaudet, G. (Gregory), Petit, L. (Laurent), Tsuchida, A. (Ami), Zago, L. (Laure), Schilling, S. (Sabrina), Sigurdsson, S. (Stefan), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Lewis, C.E. (Cora E.), Aggarwal, N.T. (Neelum T.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria C.), van der Grond, J. (Jeroen), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Knol, M.J. (Maria J.), Dörr, M. (Marcus), Thomson, R. (Russell), Bordes, C. (Constance), Le Grand, Q. (Quentin), Duperron, M.-G. (Marie-Gabrielle), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Knopman, D.S. (David), Schreiner, P.J. (Pamela), Evans, D.A. (Denis A.), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Maniega, S.M. (Susana Muñoz), Beekman, M. (Marian), Trollor, J., Stott, D.J. (David. J.), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Soumaré, A. (Aicha), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Sidney, S. (Stephen), Turner, S.T. (Stephen), Davies, G. (Gail), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Völker, U. (Uwe), Buchem, M.A. (Mark) van, Bryan, R.N. (R. Nick), Amin, N. (Najaf), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Ames, D.J. (David), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Schofield, P.R. (Peter R.), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Jiang, J. (Jiyang), Tabara, Y. (Yasuharu), Setoh, K. (Kazuya), Miyamoto, S. (Susumu), Yoshida, K. (Kazumichi), Nagata, M. (Manabu), Kamatani, Y. (Yoichiro), Matsuda, F. (Fumihiko), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Bennett, D.A. (David), De Jager, P., Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Warren, H. (Helen), Evangelou, E. (Evangelos), Trégouët, D.-A. (David-Alexandre), Andrade, M. (Mariza) de, Basu, S. (Saonli), Berr, C. (Claudine), Brody, J.A. (Jennifer A.), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel I.), Dartigues, J.-F., Folsom, A.R. (Aaron), Germain, M. (Marine), de Haan, H. (Hugoline), Heit, J.A. (John), Houwing-Duitermaat, J. (Jeanine), Kabrhel, C. (Christopher), Kraft, P. (Peter), Legal, G. (Grégoire), Lindström, S. (Sara), Monajemi, R. (Ramin), Morange, P.-E. (P.), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce M.), Reitsma, P.H. (Pieter H.), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Rose, L.M. (Lynda M.), Peyvandi, F. (Flora), Saut, N. (Noemie), Slagboom, E. (Eline), Smadja, D. (David), Smith, N.L. (Nicholas L.), Suchon, P. (Pierre), Tang, W. (Weihong), Taylor, K.D. (Kent D.), Tregouet, D.-A. (David-Alexandre), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Visser, M.C.H. (Marieke) de, Hylckama Vlieg, A. (Astrid) van, Weng, L.-C., Wiggins, K.L. (Kerri L.), Gormley, A.M., Anttila, V. (Verneri), Winsvold, B.S. (Bendik S.), Palta, P. (Priit), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Pers, T.H. (Tune H.), Farh, K.-H. (Kai-How), Cuenca-Leon, E. (Ester), Muona, M. (Mikko), Furlotte, N.A. (Nicholas A.), Kurth, T. (Tobias), Ingason, A. (Andres), McMahon, G. (George), Ligthart, L. (Lannie), Terwindt, G.M. (Gisela M.), Todt, U. (Unda), Freilinger, T.M. (Tobias M.), Ran, C. (Caroline), Gordon, S.G. (Scott G.), Stam, A.H. (Anine), Steinberg, S. (Stacy), Borck, G. (Guntram), Koiranen, M. (Markku), Quaye, L. (Lydia), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab H. H.), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Sarin, A.-P., Wedenoja, J. (Juho), Hinds, D.A. (David A.), Buring, J.E. (Julie), Schürks, M. (Markus), Ridker, P.M. (Paul M.), Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir, M. (Maria), Stefansson, H. (Hreinn), Ring, S.M. (Susan M.), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Färkkilä, M. (Markus), Artto, V. (Ville), Kaunisto, M.A. (Mari), Vepsäläinen, S. (Salli), Malik, R. (Rainer), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela A. F.), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Kurki, M. (Mitja), Kals, M. (Mart), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Pärn, K. (Kalle), Hämäläinen, E. (Eija), Huang, H. (Hailiang), Byrnes, A.E. (Andrea E.), Franke, L. (Lude), Huang, J. (Jie), Stergiakouli, E. (Evie), Lee, P.H. (Phil H.), Sandor, C. (Cynthia), Webber, C. (Caleb), Cader, Z. (Zameel), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Schreiber, S. (Stefan), Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Hagen, K. (Knut), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Heikkilä, K. (Kauko), Loehrer, E. (Elizabeth), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hofman, A. (Albert), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Cherkas, L. (Lynn), Pedersen, L.M. (Linda M.), Stubhaug, A. (Audun), Nielsen, C.S. (Christopher S.), Männikkö, M. (Minna), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milani, L. (Lili), Esserlind, A.-L. (Ann-Louise), Francke Christensen, A. (Anne), Folkmann Hansen, T. (Thomas), Werge, T. (Thomas), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Aromaa, A. (Arpo), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Ikram, M.A. (M. Arfan), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Kubisch, C. (Christian), Beckmann, J.S. (Jacques), Ferrari, M.D. (Michel), Belin, A.C. (Andrea C.), Wessman, M. (Maija), van den Maagdenberg, A.M.J.M. (Arn M. J. M.), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Davey Smith, G. (George), Eriksson, N. (Nicholas), Daly, M.J. (Mark), Neale, B.M. (Benjamin), Olesen, J. (Jes), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Nyholt, D.R. (Dale), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Wen, W. (Wei), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Srikanth, V. (Velandai), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon), Okada, Y. (Yukinori), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Mather, R., Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Van Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia M.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lathrop, M. (Mark), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Matthews, P.M. (P.), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), Sargurupremraj, M. (Muralidharan), Suzuki, H. (Hideaki), Jian, X. (Xueqiu), Sarnowski, C., Evans, T.E (Tavia), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Sakaue, S. (Saori), Terzikhan, N. (Natalie), Habes, M. (Mohamad), Zhao, W. (Wei), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Hofer, E. (Edith), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Hagenaars, S.P. (Saskia P.), Kumar, R.B. (Rajan B.), Akker, E.B. (Erik) van den, McWhirter, R.E. (Rebekah E.), Trompet, S. (Stella), Mishra, A. (Aniket), Saba, Y. (Yasaman), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Beaudet, G. (Gregory), Petit, L. (Laurent), Tsuchida, A. (Ami), Zago, L. (Laure), Schilling, S. (Sabrina), Sigurdsson, S. (Stefan), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Lewis, C.E. (Cora E.), Aggarwal, N.T. (Neelum T.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria C.), van der Grond, J. (Jeroen), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Knol, M.J. (Maria J.), Dörr, M. (Marcus), Thomson, R. (Russell), Bordes, C. (Constance), Le Grand, Q. (Quentin), Duperron, M.-G. (Marie-Gabrielle), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Knopman, D.S. (David), Schreiner, P.J. (Pamela), Evans, D.A. (Denis A.), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Maniega, S.M. (Susana Muñoz), Beekman, M. (Marian), Trollor, J., Stott, D.J. (David. J.), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Soumaré, A. (Aicha), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Sidney, S. (Stephen), Turner, S.T. (Stephen), Davies, G. (Gail), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Völker, U. (Uwe), Buchem, M.A. (Mark) van, Bryan, R.N. (R. Nick), Amin, N. (Najaf), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Ames, D.J. (David), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Schofield, P.R. (Peter R.), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Jiang, J. (Jiyang), Tabara, Y. (Yasuharu), Setoh, K. (Kazuya), Miyamoto, S. (Susumu), Yoshida, K. (Kazumichi), Nagata, M. (Manabu), Kamatani, Y. (Yoichiro), Matsuda, F. (Fumihiko), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Bennett, D.A. (David), De Jager, P., Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Warren, H. (Helen), Evangelou, E. (Evangelos), Trégouët, D.-A. (David-Alexandre), Andrade, M. (Mariza) de, Basu, S. (Saonli), Berr, C. (Claudine), Brody, J.A. (Jennifer A.), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel I.), Dartigues, J.-F., Folsom, A.R. (Aaron), Germain, M. (Marine), de Haan, H. (Hugoline), Heit, J.A. (John), Houwing-Duitermaat, J. (Jeanine), Kabrhel, C. (Christopher), Kraft, P. (Peter), Legal, G. (Grégoire), Lindström, S. (Sara), Monajemi, R. (Ramin), Morange, P.-E. (P.), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce M.), Reitsma, P.H. (Pieter H.), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Rose, L.M. (Lynda M.), Peyvandi, F. (Flora), Saut, N. (Noemie), Slagboom, E. (Eline), Smadja, D. (David), Smith, N.L. (Nicholas L.), Suchon, P. (Pierre), Tang, W. (Weihong), Taylor, K.D. (Kent D.), Tregouet, D.-A. (David-Alexandre), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Visser, M.C.H. (Marieke) de, Hylckama Vlieg, A. (Astrid) van, Weng, L.-C., Wiggins, K.L. (Kerri L.), Gormley, A.M., Anttila, V. (Verneri), Winsvold, B.S. (Bendik S.), Palta, P. (Priit), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Pers, T.H. (Tune H.), Farh, K.-H. (Kai-How), Cuenca-Leon, E. (Ester), Muona, M. (Mikko), Furlotte, N.A. (Nicholas A.), Kurth, T. (Tobias), Ingason, A. (Andres), McMahon, G. (George), Ligthart, L. (Lannie), Terwindt, G.M. (Gisela M.), Todt, U. (Unda), Freilinger, T.M. (Tobias M.), Ran, C. (Caroline), Gordon, S.G. (Scott G.), Stam, A.H. (Anine), Steinberg, S. (Stacy), Borck, G. (Guntram), Koiranen, M. (Markku), Quaye, L. (Lydia), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab H. H.), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Sarin, A.-P., Wedenoja, J. (Juho), Hinds, D.A. (David A.), Buring, J.E. (Julie), Schürks, M. (Markus), Ridker, P.M. (Paul M.), Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir, M. (Maria), Stefansson, H. (Hreinn), Ring, S.M. (Susan M.), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Färkkilä, M. (Markus), Artto, V. (Ville), Kaunisto, M.A. (Mari), Vepsäläinen, S. (Salli), Malik, R. (Rainer), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela A. F.), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Kurki, M. (Mitja), Kals, M. (Mart), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Pärn, K. (Kalle), Hämäläinen, E. (Eija), Huang, H. (Hailiang), Byrnes, A.E. (Andrea E.), Franke, L. (Lude), Huang, J. (Jie), Stergiakouli, E. (Evie), Lee, P.H. (Phil H.), Sandor, C. (Cynthia), Webber, C. (Caleb), Cader, Z. (Zameel), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Schreiber, S. (Stefan), Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Hagen, K. (Knut), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Heikkilä, K. (Kauko), Loehrer, E. (Elizabeth), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hofman, A. (Albert), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Cherkas, L. (Lynn), Pedersen, L.M. (Linda M.), Stubhaug, A. (Audun), Nielsen, C.S. (Christopher S.), Männikkö, M. (Minna), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milani, L. (Lili), Esserlind, A.-L. (Ann-Louise), Francke Christensen, A. (Anne), Folkmann Hansen, T. (Thomas), Werge, T. (Thomas), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Aromaa, A. (Arpo), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Ikram, M.A. (M. Arfan), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Kubisch, C. (Christian), Beckmann, J.S. (Jacques), Ferrari, M.D. (Michel), Belin, A.C. (Andrea C.), Wessman, M. (Maija), van den Maagdenberg, A.M.J.M. (Arn M. J. M.), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Davey Smith, G. (George), Eriksson, N. (Nicholas), Daly, M.J. (Mark), Neale, B.M. (Benjamin), Olesen, J. (Jes), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Nyholt, D.R. (Dale), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Wen, W. (Wei), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Srikanth, V. (Velandai), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon), Okada, Y. (Yukinori), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Mather, R., Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Van Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia M.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lathrop, M. (Mark), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Matthews, P.M. (P.), Fornage, M. (Myriam), and Debette, S. (Stéphanie)
Abstract: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most common brain-imaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), hypertension being the main known risk factor. Here, we identify 27 genome-wide loci for WMH-volume in a cohort of 50,970 older individuals, accounting for modification/confounding by hypertension. Aggregated WMH risk variants were associated with altered white matter integrity (p = 2.5×10-7) in brain images from 1,738 young healthy adults, providing insight into the lifetime impact of SVD genetic risk. Mendelian randomization suggested causal association of increasing WMH-volume with stroke, Alzheimer-type dementia, and of increasing blood pressure (BP) with larger WMH-volume, notably also in persons without clinical hypertension. Transcriptome-wide colocalization analyses showed association of WMH-volume with expression of 39 genes, of which four encode known drug targets. Finally, we provide insight into BP-independent biological pathways underlying SVD and suggest potential for genetic stratification of high-risk individuals and for genetically-informed prioritization of drug targets for prevention trials.
Published: 2020
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4. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

Author: Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Salminen, L.E. (Lauren E.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Bright, J. (Joanna), Baune, B.T., Bertolín, S. (Sara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Bruin, W.B. (Willem B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Chen, J. (Jian), Chye, Y. (Yann), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), de Kovel, C.G.F. (Carolien G F), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Faraone, S.V. (Stephen), Favre, P. (Pauline), Filippi, C.A. (Courtney A.), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Garijo, D. (Daniel), Gil, Y. (Yolanda), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grasby, K.L. (Katrina L.), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Han, L.K.M. (Laura K M), Hatton, W., Hilbert, K. (Kevin), Ho, T.C. (Tiffany C.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Ivanov, I. (Iliyan), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Laansma, M.A. (Max A.), Leerssen, J. (Jeanne), Lueken, U. (Ulrike), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Neill, J.O. (Joseph O'), Opel, N. (Nils), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Piras, F. (Federica), Postema, M.C. (Merel C.), Pozzi, E. (Elena), Shatokhina, N. (Natalia), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Sun, D. (Daqiang), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tilot, A.K. (Amanda K.), Tozzi, L. (Leonardo), van der Merwe, C. (Celia), Someren, E.J.W. (Eus) van, van Wingen, G.A. (Guido A.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Zhang, G. (Guohao), Zhang-James, Y. (Yanli), Adhikari, B.M. (Bhim M.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Aleman, A. (André), Althoff, R.R. (Robert R.), Altmann, A. (A.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Baron, D.A. (David A.), Bartnik-Olson, B.L. (Brenda L.), Marie Bas-Hoogendam, J. (Janna), Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (Arielle R.), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Berner, L.A. (Laura A.), Boedhoe, P.S.W. (Premika S W), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Caeyenberghs, K. (Karen), Cecil, C.A.M. (Charlotte), Cohen, R.A. (Ronald A.), Cole, J.H. (James H.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), De Brito, S.A. (Stephane A.), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M C), Dennis, E.L. (Emily L.), Desrivieres, S. (Sylvane), Dima, D. (Danai), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Esopenko, C. (Carrie), Fairchild, G. (Graeme), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Franke, B. (Barbara), Garavan, H.P. (Hugh P.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hahn, T. (Tim), Harding, I.H. (Ian H.), Hernaus, D. (Dennis), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hillary, F.G. (Frank G.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Jalbrzikowski, M. (Maria), Karkashadze, G.A. (George A.), Klapwijk, E.T. (Eduard T.), Knickmeyer, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koerte, I.K. (Inga K.), Kong, X.-Z. (Xiang-Zhen), Liew, S.-L. (Sook-Lei), Lin, A.P. (Alexander P.), Logue, M.W. (Mark W.), Luders, E. (Eileen), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mackey, S. (Scott), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), McDonald, C.R. (Carrie R.), McMahon, A.B. (Agnes B.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Modinos, G. (Gemma), Morey, R.A. (Rajendra A.), Mueller, S.C. (Sven C.), Mukherjee, P. (Pratik), Namazova-Baranova, L. (L.), Nir, T.M. (Talia M.), Olsen, A. (Alexander), Paschou, P. (Peristera), Pine, D.S. (Daniel S.), Pizzagalli, F. (Fabrizio), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Rohrer, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Shiroishi, M.S. (Mark S.), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smit, D.J.A. (Dirk J A), Sønderby, I.E. (Ida E.), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Stein, J.L., Tahmasian, M. (Masoud), Tate, D.F. (David F.), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van der Werf, Y.D. (Ysbrand), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E M), van Rooij, D. (Daan), Van Velzen, L.S., Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Villalon-Reina, J.E. (Julio E.), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Wilde, E.A. (Elisabeth A.), Zarei, M. (Mojtaba), Zelman, V. (Vladimir), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Salminen, L.E. (Lauren E.), Thomopoulos, S.I. (Sophia I.), Bright, J. (Joanna), Baune, B.T., Bertolín, S. (Sara), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Bruin, W.B. (Willem B.), Bülow, R. (Robin), Chen, J. (Jian), Chye, Y. (Yann), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), de Kovel, C.G.F. (Carolien G F), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Eyler, L.T. (Lisa T.), Faraone, S.V. (Stephen), Favre, P. (Pauline), Filippi, C.A. (Courtney A.), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Garijo, D. (Daniel), Gil, Y. (Yolanda), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grasby, K.L. (Katrina L.), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Han, L.K.M. (Laura K M), Hatton, W., Hilbert, K. (Kevin), Ho, T.C. (Tiffany C.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Houenou, J. (Josselin), Ivanov, I. (Iliyan), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kelly, S. (Sinead), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kwon, J.S. (Jun Soo), Laansma, M.A. (Max A.), Leerssen, J. (Jeanne), Lueken, U. (Ulrike), Nunes, A. (Abraham), Neill, J.O. (Joseph O'), Opel, N. (Nils), Piras, F. (Fabrizio), Piras, F. (Federica), Postema, M.C. (Merel C.), Pozzi, E. (Elena), Shatokhina, N. (Natalia), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Sun, D. (Daqiang), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tilot, A.K. (Amanda K.), Tozzi, L. (Leonardo), van der Merwe, C. (Celia), Someren, E.J.W. (Eus) van, van Wingen, G.A. (Guido A.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walton, E. (Esther), Wang, L. (Lei), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yun, J.-Y. (Je-Yeon), Zhang, G. (Guohao), Zhang-James, Y. (Yanli), Adhikari, B.M. (Bhim M.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Aghajani, M. (Moji), Aleman, A. (André), Althoff, R.R. (Robert R.), Altmann, A. (A.), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Baron, D.A. (David A.), Bartnik-Olson, B.L. (Brenda L.), Marie Bas-Hoogendam, J. (Janna), Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (Arielle R.), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Berner, L.A. (Laura A.), Boedhoe, P.S.W. (Premika S W), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Caeyenberghs, K. (Karen), Cecil, C.A.M. (Charlotte), Cohen, R.A. (Ronald A.), Cole, J.H. (James H.), Conrod, P. (Patricia), De Brito, S.A. (Stephane A.), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M C), Dennis, E.L. (Emily L.), Desrivieres, S. (Sylvane), Dima, D. (Danai), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Esopenko, C. (Carrie), Fairchild, G. (Graeme), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fouche, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Franke, B. (Barbara), Garavan, H.P. (Hugh P.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Groenewold, N.A. (Nynke A.), Gurholt, T.P. (Tiril P.), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hahn, T. (Tim), Harding, I.H. (Ian H.), Hernaus, D. (Dennis), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek P.), Hillary, F.G. (Frank G.), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke E.), Jalbrzikowski, M. (Maria), Karkashadze, G.A. (George A.), Klapwijk, E.T. (Eduard T.), Knickmeyer, R.C. (Rebecca C.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koerte, I.K. (Inga K.), Kong, X.-Z. (Xiang-Zhen), Liew, S.-L. (Sook-Lei), Lin, A.P. (Alexander P.), Logue, M.W. (Mark W.), Luders, E. (Eileen), Macciardi, F. (Fabio), Mackey, S. (Scott), Mayer, A.R. (Andrew R.), McDonald, C.R. (Carrie R.), McMahon, A.B. (Agnes B.), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Modinos, G. (Gemma), Morey, R.A. (Rajendra A.), Mueller, S.C. (Sven C.), Mukherjee, P. (Pratik), Namazova-Baranova, L. (L.), Nir, T.M. (Talia M.), Olsen, A. (Alexander), Paschou, P. (Peristera), Pine, D.S. (Daniel S.), Pizzagalli, F. (Fabrizio), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Rohrer, J.D. (Jonathan D.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Shiroishi, M.S. (Mark S.), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smit, D.J.A. (Dirk J A), Sønderby, I.E. (Ida E.), Stein, D.J. (Dan J.), Stein, J.L., Tahmasian, M. (Masoud), Tate, D.F. (David F.), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, O.A. (Odile A.), Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, van der Werf, Y.D. (Ysbrand), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E M), van Rooij, D. (Daan), Van Velzen, L.S., Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Villalon-Reina, J.E. (Julio E.), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Wilde, E.A. (Elisabeth A.), Zarei, M. (Mojtaba), and Zelman, V. (Vladimir)
Abstract: This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.
Published: 2020
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5. Metabolomics reveals a link between homocysteine and lipid metabolism and leukocyte telomere length: the ENGAGE consortium

Author: Spek, A. (Ashley) van der, Boer, L (Linda), Draisma, G. (Gerrit), Pool, R. (Reńe), Albrecht, E. (Eva), Beekman, M. (Marian), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Raag, M. (Mait), Nyholt, D.R. (Dale R.), Dharuri, H. (Harish), Codd, V. (Veryan), Amin, N (Najaf), de Geus, E.J.C. (Eco J. C.), Deelen, J. (Joris), Demirkan, A. (Ayşe), Yet, I. (Idil), Fischer, K. (Krista), Haller, T. (Toomas), Henders, A.K. (Anjali K.), Isaacs, A. (Aaron), Medland, S.E. (Sarah E.), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Mooijaart, S.P. (Simon), Strauch, K. (Konstantin), Suchiman, H.E.D. (H. Eka D.), Vaarhorst, A.A.M. (Anika), Heemst, D. (Diana) van, Wang-Sattler, R. (Rui), Whitfield, J. (John), Willemsen, G. (Gonneke), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Samani, N.J. (Nilesh J.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Eline Slagboom, P. (P.), Spector, T.D. (Tim D.), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Gieger, C. (Christian), Spek, A. (Ashley) van der, Boer, L (Linda), Draisma, G. (Gerrit), Pool, R. (Reńe), Albrecht, E. (Eva), Beekman, M. (Marian), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Raag, M. (Mait), Nyholt, D.R. (Dale R.), Dharuri, H. (Harish), Codd, V. (Veryan), Amin, N (Najaf), de Geus, E.J.C. (Eco J. C.), Deelen, J. (Joris), Demirkan, A. (Ayşe), Yet, I. (Idil), Fischer, K. (Krista), Haller, T. (Toomas), Henders, A.K. (Anjali K.), Isaacs, A. (Aaron), Medland, S.E. (Sarah E.), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Mooijaart, S.P. (Simon), Strauch, K. (Konstantin), Suchiman, H.E.D. (H. Eka D.), Vaarhorst, A.A.M. (Anika), Heemst, D. (Diana) van, Wang-Sattler, R. (Rui), Whitfield, J. (John), Willemsen, G. (Gonneke), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Samani, N.J. (Nilesh J.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Eline Slagboom, P. (P.), Spector, T.D. (Tim D.), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, and Gieger, C. (Christian)
Abstract: Telomere shortening has been associated with multiple age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dementia. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for these associations remain largely unknown. In order to gain insight into the metabolic processes driving the association of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) with age-related diseases, we investigated the association between LTL and serum metabolite levels in 7,853 individuals from seven independent cohorts. LTL was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the levels of 131 serum metabolites were measured with mass spectrometry in biological samples from the same blood draw. With partial correlation analysis, we identified six metabolites that were significantly associated with LTL after adjustment for multiple testing: lysophosphatidylcholine acyl C17:0 (lysoPC a C17:0, p-value = 7.1 × 10−6), methionine (p-value = 9.2 × 10−5), tyrosine (p-value = 2.1 × 10−4), phosphatidylcholine diacyl C32:1 (PC aa C32:1, p-value = 2.4 × 10−4), hydroxypropionylcarnitine (C3-OH, p-value = 2.6 × 10−4), and phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38:4 (PC ae C38:4, p-value = 9.0 × 10−4). Pathway analysis showed that the three phosphatidylcholines and methionine are involved in homocysteine metabolism and we found supporting evidence for an association of lipid metabolism with LTL. In conclusion, we found longer LTL associated with higher levels of lysoPC a C17:0 and PC ae C38:4, and with lower levels of methionine, tyrosine, PC aa C32:1, and C3-OH. These metabolites have been implicated in inflammation, oxidative stress, homocysteine metabolism, and in cardiovascular disease and diabetes, two major drivers of morbidity and mortality.
Published: 2019
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6. Genome-wide association study identifies nine novel loci for 2D:4D finger ratio, a putative retrospective biomarker of testosterone exposure in utero

Author: Warrington, N.M. (Nicole M.), Shevroja, E. (Enisa), Hemani, G., Hysi, P.G. (Pirro), Jiang, Y. (Yunxuan), Auton, A. (Adam), Boer, C.G. (Cindy), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Wang, C.A. (Carol A.), Kemp, J.P. (John), Mcmahon, G. (George), Medina-Gomez, M.C. (Carolina), Hickey, M. (Martha), Trajanoska, K. (Katerina), Wolke, D. (Dieter), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Felix, J.F. (Janine F.), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Mackey, D.A. (David), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Tung, J.Y. (Joyce Y.), Smith, G.D. (George Davey), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Evans, D.M. (David M.), The 23and Me Research Team, (), Warrington, N.M. (Nicole M.), Shevroja, E. (Enisa), Hemani, G., Hysi, P.G. (Pirro), Jiang, Y. (Yunxuan), Auton, A. (Adam), Boer, C.G. (Cindy), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Wang, C.A. (Carol A.), Kemp, J.P. (John), Mcmahon, G. (George), Medina-Gomez, M.C. (Carolina), Hickey, M. (Martha), Trajanoska, K. (Katerina), Wolke, D. (Dieter), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Felix, J.F. (Janine F.), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Mackey, D.A. (David), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Tung, J.Y. (Joyce Y.), Smith, G.D. (George Davey), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Evans, D.M. (David M.), and The 23and Me Research Team, ()
Abstract: The ratio of the length of the index finger to that of the ring finger (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic and is commonly used as a non-invasive biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure. Most association studies of 2D:4D ratio with a diverse range of sexspecific traits have typically involved small sample sizes and have been difficult to replicate, raising questions around the utility and precise meaning of the measure. In the largest genome-wide association meta-analysis of 2D:4D ratio to date (N=15 661, with replication N=75 821), we identified 11 loci (9 novel) explaining 3.8% of the variance in mean 2D:4D ratio. We also found weak evidence for association (b=0.06; P=0.02) between 2D:4D ratio and sensitivity to testosterone [length of the CAG microsatellite repeat in the androgen receptor (AR) gene] in females only. Furthermore, genetic variants associated with (adult) testosterone levels and/or sex hormone-binding globulin were not associated with 2D:4D ratio in our sample. Although we were unable to find strong evidence from our genetic study to support the hypothesis that 2D:4D ratio is a direct biomarker of prenatal exposure to androgens in healthy individuals, our findings do not explicitly exclude this possibility, and pathways involving testosterone may become apparent as the size of the discovery sample increases further. Our findings provide new insight into the underlying biology shaping 2D:4D variation in the general population.
Published: 2018
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7. Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function

Author: Davies, G. (Gail), Lam, M. (Max), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Trampush, J.W. (Joey W.), Luciano, M. (Michelle), Hill, W.D. (W. David), Hagenaars, S. (Saskia), Ritchie, S.J. (Stuart J.), Marioni, R.E. (Riccardo), Fawns-Ritchie, C., Liewald, D.C.M. (David C. M.), Okely, J.A. (Judith A.), Ahola-Olli, A.V. (Ari V.), Barnes, C.L.K. (Catriona L. K.), Bertram, L. (Lars), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Burdick, K.E. (Katherine E.), Christoforou, A. (Andrea), Derosse, P. (Pamela), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Giakoumaki, S. (Stella), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Gustavson, D.E. (Daniel E.), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Hofer, E. (Edith), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Knowles, E. (Emma), Lahti, J. (Jari), Leber, I. (Isabelle), Li, S. (Shuo), Mather, R., Melle, I. (Ingrid), Morris, D. (Derek), Oldmeadow, C. (Christopher), Palviainen, T. (Teemu), Payton, A. (Antony), Pazoki, R. (Raha), Petrovic, K. (Katja), Reynolds, C.A. (C.), Sargurupremraj, M. (Muralidharan), Scholz, M. (Markus), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Terzikhan, N. (Natalie), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Trompet, S. (Stella), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Ware, E.B. (Erin B.), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Yu, J. (Jin), Ames, D.J. (David), Amin, N. (Najaf), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Assareh, A.A., Attia, J. (John), Attix, D. (Deborah), Avramopoulos, D. (Dimitrios), Bennett, D.A. (David), Böhmer, M.R. (Marcel), Boyle, P.A. (Patricia A.), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Campbell, H. (Harry), Cannon, T.D. (Tyrone D.), Cirulli, E.T. (Elizabeth T.), Congdon, E. (Eliza), Conley, E.D. (Emily Drabant), Corley, J. (Janie), Cox, S.R. (Simon R.), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Dick, D. (Danielle), Dickinson, D. (Dwight), Hagen, K. (Knut), Evangelou, E. (Evangelos), Faul, J.D. (Jessica D.), Ford, I. (Ian), Freimer, N.A. (Nelson A.), Gao, H. (He), Giegling, I. (Ina), Gillespie, N.A. (Nathan A.), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Hatzimanolis, A. (Alex), Heiss, G. (Gerardo), Holliday, E.G. (Elizabeth), Joshi, P.K. (Peter), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon L. R.), Karlsson, I. (Ida), Kleineidam, L. (Luca), Knopman, D.S. (David), Kochan, N.A. (Nicole A.), Konte, B. (Bettina), Kwok, J.B.J. (John), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Lee, T. (Teresa), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Li, S.-C. (Shu-Chen), Liu, T. (Tian), Koini, M. (Marisa), London, E. (Edythe), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Lopez, O.L. (Oscar), Loukola, A. (Anu), Luck, T. (Tobias), Lundervold, A.J. (Astri), Lundquist, A. (Anders), Lyytikäinen, L.-P. (Leo-Pekka), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Murray, A.D. (Alison D.), Need, A.C. (Anna C.), Noordam, R. (Raymond), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Ollier, W.E.R. (William), Papenberg, G., Pattie, A. (Alison), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Poldrack, R.A. (Russell A.), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce M.), Reppermund, S., Riedel-Heller, S. (Steffi), Rose, R.J. (Richard), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Roussos, A. (Alexandra), Rovio, S.P. (Suvi P.), Saba, Y. (Yasaman), Sabb, F.W. (Fred W.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Schmid, M. (Matthias), Scott, R.J. (Rodney J.), Scult, M.A. (Matthew A.), Simino, J. (Jeannette), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Smyrnis, N. (Nikolaos), Soumaré, A. (Aicha), Stefanis, N.C. (Nikos C.), Stott, D.J. (David. J.), Straub, R.E. (Richard), Sundet, K. (Kjetil), Taylor, A.M. (Adele M.), Taylor, K.D. (Kent), Tzoulaki, I., Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Voineskos, A.N. (Aristotle N.), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Wagner, M. (Michael), Wagner, H. (Hermann), Weinhold, L. (Leonie), Wen, K.H. (K. Hoyan), Widen, E., Yang, Q. (Qiong Fang), Zhao, W. (Wei), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Arking, D.E. (Dan), Bilder, R.M. (Robert M.), Bitsios, P. (Panos), Boerwinkle, E. (Eric), Chiba-Falek, O. (Ornit), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Debette, S. (Stéphanie), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Elliott, P. (Paul), Fitzpatrick, A.L. (Annette), Gill, M. (Michael), Glahn, D.C. (David), Hägg, S. (Sara), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hariri, A.R. (Ahmad), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Keller, M.C. (Matthew C), Kremen, W.S. (William S.), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lindenberger, U. (Ulman), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Pendleton, N. (Neil), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Ramirez, A. (Alfredo), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Rudan, I. (Igor), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Schofield, P.W. (Peter W.), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Starr, J.M. (John), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Trollor, J., Turner, S.T. (Steven T.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Villringer, A. (Arno), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel), Weir, D.R. (David R.), Wilson, J.F. (James F.), Malhotra, A.K. (Anil K), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Gale, C.R. (Catharine R.), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Bressler, J. (Jan), Lencz, T. (Todd), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Davies, G. (Gail), Lam, M. (Max), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Trampush, J.W. (Joey W.), Luciano, M. (Michelle), Hill, W.D. (W. David), Hagenaars, S. (Saskia), Ritchie, S.J. (Stuart J.), Marioni, R.E. (Riccardo), Fawns-Ritchie, C., Liewald, D.C.M. (David C. M.), Okely, J.A. (Judith A.), Ahola-Olli, A.V. (Ari V.), Barnes, C.L.K. (Catriona L. K.), Bertram, L. (Lars), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Burdick, K.E. (Katherine E.), Christoforou, A. (Andrea), Derosse, P. (Pamela), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Giakoumaki, S. (Stella), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Gustavson, D.E. (Daniel E.), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Hofer, E. (Edith), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Knowles, E. (Emma), Lahti, J. (Jari), Leber, I. (Isabelle), Li, S. (Shuo), Mather, R., Melle, I. (Ingrid), Morris, D. (Derek), Oldmeadow, C. (Christopher), Palviainen, T. (Teemu), Payton, A. (Antony), Pazoki, R. (Raha), Petrovic, K. (Katja), Reynolds, C.A. (C.), Sargurupremraj, M. (Muralidharan), Scholz, M. (Markus), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Terzikhan, N. (Natalie), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Trompet, S. (Stella), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Ware, E.B. (Erin B.), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Yu, J. (Jin), Ames, D.J. (David), Amin, N. (Najaf), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Assareh, A.A., Attia, J. (John), Attix, D. (Deborah), Avramopoulos, D. (Dimitrios), Bennett, D.A. (David), Böhmer, M.R. (Marcel), Boyle, P.A. (Patricia A.), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Campbell, H. (Harry), Cannon, T.D. (Tyrone D.), Cirulli, E.T. (Elizabeth T.), Congdon, E. (Eliza), Conley, E.D. (Emily Drabant), Corley, J. (Janie), Cox, S.R. (Simon R.), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Dick, D. (Danielle), Dickinson, D. (Dwight), Hagen, K. (Knut), Evangelou, E. (Evangelos), Faul, J.D. (Jessica D.), Ford, I. (Ian), Freimer, N.A. (Nelson A.), Gao, H. (He), Giegling, I. (Ina), Gillespie, N.A. (Nathan A.), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Hatzimanolis, A. (Alex), Heiss, G. (Gerardo), Holliday, E.G. (Elizabeth), Joshi, P.K. (Peter), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon L. R.), Karlsson, I. (Ida), Kleineidam, L. (Luca), Knopman, D.S. (David), Kochan, N.A. (Nicole A.), Konte, B. (Bettina), Kwok, J.B.J. (John), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Lee, T. (Teresa), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Li, S.-C. (Shu-Chen), Liu, T. (Tian), Koini, M. (Marisa), London, E. (Edythe), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Lopez, O.L. (Oscar), Loukola, A. (Anu), Luck, T. (Tobias), Lundervold, A.J. (Astri), Lundquist, A. (Anders), Lyytikäinen, L.-P. (Leo-Pekka), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Murray, A.D. (Alison D.), Need, A.C. (Anna C.), Noordam, R. (Raymond), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Ollier, W.E.R. (William), Papenberg, G., Pattie, A. (Alison), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Poldrack, R.A. (Russell A.), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce M.), Reppermund, S., Riedel-Heller, S. (Steffi), Rose, R.J. (Richard), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Roussos, A. (Alexandra), Rovio, S.P. (Suvi P.), Saba, Y. (Yasaman), Sabb, F.W. (Fred W.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Schmid, M. (Matthias), Scott, R.J. (Rodney J.), Scult, M.A. (Matthew A.), Simino, J. (Jeannette), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Smyrnis, N. (Nikolaos), Soumaré, A. (Aicha), Stefanis, N.C. (Nikos C.), Stott, D.J. (David. J.), Straub, R.E. (Richard), Sundet, K. (Kjetil), Taylor, A.M. (Adele M.), Taylor, K.D. (Kent), Tzoulaki, I., Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Voineskos, A.N. (Aristotle N.), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Wagner, M. (Michael), Wagner, H. (Hermann), Weinhold, L. (Leonie), Wen, K.H. (K. Hoyan), Widen, E., Yang, Q. (Qiong Fang), Zhao, W. (Wei), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Arking, D.E. (Dan), Bilder, R.M. (Robert M.), Bitsios, P. (Panos), Boerwinkle, E. (Eric), Chiba-Falek, O. (Ornit), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Debette, S. (Stéphanie), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Elliott, P. (Paul), Fitzpatrick, A.L. (Annette), Gill, M. (Michael), Glahn, D.C. (David), Hägg, S. (Sara), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hariri, A.R. (Ahmad), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Keller, M.C. (Matthew C), Kremen, W.S. (William S.), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lindenberger, U. (Ulman), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Pendleton, N. (Neil), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Ramirez, A. (Alfredo), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Rudan, I. (Igor), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Schofield, P.W. (Peter W.), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Starr, J.M. (John), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Trollor, J., Turner, S.T. (Steven T.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Villringer, A. (Arno), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel), Weir, D.R. (David R.), Wilson, J.F. (James F.), Malhotra, A.K. (Anil K), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Gale, C.R. (Catharine R.), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Bressler, J. (Jan), Lencz, T. (Todd), and Deary, I.J. (Ian)
Abstract: General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the c
Published: 2018
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8. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

Author: Schmaal, L. (L.), Hibar, D.P. (D. P.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Baune, B.T., Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Cheung, J.W. (J. W.), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Bos, D. (Daniel), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A. (Albert), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Bülow, R. (R.), Selonke, M. (M.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Grotegerd, D. (D.), Dannlowski, U. (U.), Arolt, V. (Volker), Opel, N. (N.), Heindel, W. (W.), Kugel, H. (H.), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A. (N. A.), Goya-Maldonado, R., Gruber, O. (Oliver), Krämer, B.K. (Bernhard), Hatton, W., Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Carballedo, A., Frey, E.M., Van Velzen, L.S., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Harrison, B.J. (B. J.), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Cao, B. (B.), Soares, J.C. (J. C.), Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Schoepf, D., Zurowski, B., Konrad, C. (C.), Schramm, E. (E.), Normann, C., Schnell, K. (Kerry), Sacchet, M.D. (M. D.), Gotlib, I.H. (I. H.), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C. (H. C.), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Li, M. (M.), Walter, M. (M.), Aftanas, L. (L.), Brack, I. (I.), Bokhan, N.A. (N. A.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Schmaal, L. (L.), Hibar, D.P. (D. P.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Baune, B.T., Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Cheung, J.W. (J. W.), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Bos, D. (Daniel), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A. (Albert), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Bülow, R. (R.), Selonke, M. (M.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Grotegerd, D. (D.), Dannlowski, U. (U.), Arolt, V. (Volker), Opel, N. (N.), Heindel, W. (W.), Kugel, H. (H.), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A. (N. A.), Goya-Maldonado, R., Gruber, O. (Oliver), Krämer, B.K. (Bernhard), Hatton, W., Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Carballedo, A., Frey, E.M., Van Velzen, L.S., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Harrison, B.J. (B. J.), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Cao, B. (B.), Soares, J.C. (J. C.), Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Schoepf, D., Zurowski, B., Konrad, C. (C.), Schramm, E. (E.), Normann, C., Schnell, K. (Kerry), Sacchet, M.D. (M. D.), Gotlib, I.H. (I. H.), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C. (H. C.), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Li, M. (M.), Walter, M. (M.), Aftanas, L. (L.), Brack, I. (I.), Bokhan, N.A. (N. A.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Veltman, D.J. (Dick)
Abstract: The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not well understood, despite many neuroimaging studies over the past few decades. Here we present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2148 MDD patients and 7957 healthy controls were analysed with harmonized protocols at 20 sites around the world. To detect consistent effects of MDD and its modulators on cortical thickness and surface area estimates derived from MRI, statistical effects from sites were meta-analysed separately for adults and adolescents. Adults with MDD had thinner cortical gray matter than controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior and posterior cingulate, insula and temporal lobes (Cohen's d effect sizes: -0.10 to -0.14). These effects were most pronounced in first episode and adult-onset patients (>21 years). Compared to matched controls, adolescents with MDD had lower total surface area (but no differences in cortical thickness) and regional reductions in frontal regions (medial OFC and superior frontal gyrus) and primary and higher-order visual, somatosensory and motor areas (d: -0.26 to -0.57). The strongest effects were found in recurrent adolescent patients. This highly powered global effort to identify consistent brain abnormalities showed widespread cortical alterations in MDD patients as compared to controls and suggests that MDD may impact brain structure in a highly dynamic way, with different patterns of alterations at different stages of life.
Published: 2017
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9. Hair Cortisol in Twins: Heritability and Genetic Overlap with Psychological Variables and Stress-System Genes

Author: Rietschel, L. (Liz), Streit, F. (Fabian), Zhu, G. (Gu), McAloney, K. (Kerrie), Frank, J. (Josef), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Witt, S.H. (Stephanie H), Binz, T.M. (Tina M.), McGrath, J. (John), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Gillespie, N.A. (Nathan A.), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas), Wüst, S. (Stefan), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Baumgartner, M.R. (Markus R.), Walker, B.R. (Brian), Crawford, A.A. (Andrew A.), Colodro-Conde, L. (Lucía), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G.), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Rietschel, L. (Liz), Streit, F. (Fabian), Zhu, G. (Gu), McAloney, K. (Kerrie), Frank, J. (Josef), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Witt, S.H. (Stephanie H), Binz, T.M. (Tina M.), McGrath, J. (John), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Wright, M.J. (Margaret J.), Gillespie, N.A. (Nathan A.), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas), Wüst, S. (Stefan), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Baumgartner, M.R. (Markus R.), Walker, B.R. (Brian), Crawford, A.A. (Andrew A.), Colodro-Conde, L. (Lucía), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas G.), and Rietschel, M. (Marcella)
Abstract: Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a promising measure of long-Term hypothalamus-pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Previous research has suggested an association between HCC and psychological variables, and initial studies of inter-individual variance in HCC have implicated genetic factors. However, whether HCC and psychological variables share genetic risk factors remains unclear. The aims of the present twin study were to: (i) assess the heritability of HCC; (ii) estimate the phenotypic and genetic correlation between HPA axis activity and the psychological variables perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism; using formal genetic twin models and molecular genetic methods, i.e. polygenic risk scores (PRS). HCC was measured in 671 adolescents and young adults. These included 115 monozygotic and 183 dizygotic twin-pairs. For 432 subjects PRS scores for plasma cortisol, major depression, and neuroticism were calculated using data from large genome wide association studies. The twin model revealed a heritability for HCC of 72%. No significant phenotypic or genetic correlation was found between HCC and the three psychological variables of interest. PRS did not explain variance in HCC. The present data suggest that HCC is highly heritable. However, the data do not support a strong biological link between HCC and any of the investigated psychological variables.
Published: 2017
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10. Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

Author: Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Stein, J.L., Hofer, E. (Edith), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Ikram, M.K. (M. Kamran), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Amin, N. (Najaf), Andersson, M. (Micael), Arfanakis, K. (Konstantinos), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Axelsson, T. (Tomas), Beecham, A.H. (Ashley), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Bernard, M. (Manon), Blanton, S.H. (Susan H.), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brickman, A.M. (Adam M.), Carmichael, O. (Owen), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chouraki, V. (Vincent), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hass, J. (Johanna), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hoehn, D. (David), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Jørgensen, K.N. (Kjetil N.), Karbalai, N. (Nazanin), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Marquand, A.F. (Andre F.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), McKay, D.R. (David R.), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Loohuis, L.M.O. (Loes M. Olde), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Pirpamer, L. (Lukas), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Richards, J.S. (Jennifer S.), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rommelse, N. (Nanda), Ropele, S. (Stefan), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rundek, T. (Tatjana), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Saremi, A. (Arvin), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shen, L. (Li), Shin, J. (Jean), Shumskaya, E. (Elena), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Toro, R. (Roberto), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trompet, S. (Stella), Vaidya, D. (Dhananjay), van der Grond, J. (Jeroen), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Van Der Meer, D. (Dennis), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Van Rooij, D. (Daan), Walton, E. (Esther), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Wolfers, T. (Thomas), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Zijdenbos, A.P., Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Barral, S. (Sandra), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Becker, D.M. (Diane M.), Becker, J.T. (James), Bennett, D.A. (David A.), Blangero, J. (John), Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cichon, S. (Sven), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Craen, A.J. (Anton) de, Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), DeStefano, A.L. (Anita), Dillman, A. (Allissa), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Duggirala, R. (Ravi), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Enzinger, C. (Christian), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fedko, I.O. (Iryna O.), Fernández, G. (Guillén), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fleischman, D. (Debra), Ford, I. (Ian), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Gibbs, J.R. (J. Raphael), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Håberg, A.K. (Asta K.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (C.), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hofman, A. (Albert), Holsboer, F. (Florian), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huentelman, M.J. (Matthew), Pol, H.H., Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack, C.R. (Clifford R.), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Jukema, J.W., Kahn, R. (René), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Knopman, D.S. (David S.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar L.), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Martinez, O. (Oliver), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, F.J. (Francis J.), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Pike, G.B. (G. Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sacco, R.L. (Ralph L.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Sigursson, S. (Sigurdur), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soininen, H. (H.), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Stott, D.J. (David J.), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Tsolaki, M. (Magda), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hernández, M.C.V. (Maria C. Valdés), Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Lugt, A. (Aad) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Vardarajan, B.N. (Badri), Vellas, B. (Bruno), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wardlaw, J. (Joanna), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel R.), Weiner, M.W. (Michael W.), Wen, W. (Wei), Westman, E. (Eric), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Y.), Wright, C.B. (Clinton B.), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B., Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Schumann, G. (Gunter), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Franke, B. (Barbara), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Stein, J.L., Hofer, E. (Edith), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Ikram, M.K. (M. Kamran), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Amin, N. (Najaf), Andersson, M. (Micael), Arfanakis, K. (Konstantinos), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Axelsson, T. (Tomas), Beecham, A.H. (Ashley), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Bernard, M. (Manon), Blanton, S.H. (Susan H.), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brickman, A.M. (Adam M.), Carmichael, O. (Owen), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Chouraki, V. (Vincent), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Crivello, F. (Fabrice), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Doan, N.T. (Nhat Trung), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Hass, J. (Johanna), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hoehn, D. (David), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Jørgensen, K.N. (Kjetil N.), Karbalai, N. (Nazanin), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Marquand, A.F. (Andre F.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), McKay, D.R. (David R.), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Loohuis, L.M.O. (Loes M. Olde), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Pirpamer, L. (Lukas), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Richards, J.S. (Jennifer S.), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rommelse, N. (Nanda), Ropele, S. (Stefan), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rundek, T. (Tatjana), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Saremi, A. (Arvin), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shen, L. (Li), Shin, J. (Jean), Shumskaya, E. (Elena), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Toro, R. (Roberto), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trompet, S. (Stella), Vaidya, D. (Dhananjay), van der Grond, J. (Jeroen), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Van Der Meer, D. (Dennis), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Van Rooij, D. (Daan), Walton, E. (Esther), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Wolfers, T. (Thomas), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Zijdenbos, A.P., Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Barral, S. (Sandra), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Becker, D.M. (Diane M.), Becker, J.T. (James), Bennett, D.A. (David A.), Blangero, J. (John), Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cichon, S. (Sven), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Craen, A.J. (Anton) de, Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Jager, P.L. (Philip) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), DeStefano, A.L. (Anita), Dillman, A. (Allissa), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Duggirala, R. (Ravi), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Enzinger, C. (Christian), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fedko, I.O. (Iryna O.), Fernández, G. (Guillén), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Fleischman, D. (Debra), Ford, I. (Ian), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Gibbs, J.R. (J. Raphael), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Håberg, A.K. (Asta K.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (C.), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Ho, B.-C. (Beng-Choon), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hofman, A. (Albert), Holsboer, F. (Florian), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huentelman, M.J. (Matthew), Pol, H.H., Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack, C.R. (Clifford R.), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik G.), Jukema, J.W., Kahn, R. (René), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Knopman, D.S. (David S.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar L.), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Martinez, O. (Oliver), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McMahon, F.J. (Francis J.), McMahon, K.L. (Katie L.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (Andreas), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Pike, G.B. (G. Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sacco, R.L. (Ralph L.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Sigursson, S. (Sigurdur), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soininen, H. (H.), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Stott, D.J. (David J.), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Tsolaki, M. (Magda), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hernández, M.C.V. (Maria C. Valdés), Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Lugt, A. (Aad) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Vardarajan, B.N. (Badri), Vellas, B. (Bruno), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wardlaw, J. (Joanna), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel R.), Weiner, M.W. (Michael W.), Wen, W. (Wei), Westman, E. (Eric), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Y.), Wright, C.B. (Clinton B.), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B., Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Schumann, G. (Gunter), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Franke, B. (Barbara), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Ikram, M.K. (Kamran)
Abstract: The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg =-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
Published: 2017
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11. Heritability of the shape of subcortical brain structures in the general population

Author: Roshchupkin, G.V. (Gennady), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Hofman, A. (Albert), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Roshchupkin, G.V. (Gennady), Gutman, B.A. (Boris A.), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Hofman, A. (Albert), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), and Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab)
Abstract: The volumes of subcortical brain structures are highly heritable, but genetic underpinnings of their shape remain relatively obscure. Here we determine the relative contribution of genetic factors to individual variation in the shape of seven bilateral subcortical structures: the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus. In 3,686 unrelated individuals aged between 45 and 98 years, brain magnetic resonance imaging and genotyping was performed. The maximal heritability of shape varies from 32.7 to 53.3% across the subcortical structures. Genetic contributions to shape extend beyond influences on intracranial volume and the gross volume of the respective structure. The regional variance in heritability was related to the reliability of the measurements, but could not be accounted for by technical factors only. These findings could be replicated in an independent sample of 1,040 twins. Differences in genetic contributions within a single region reveal the value of refined brain maps to appreciate the genetic complexity of brain structures.
Published: 2016
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12. Subcortical brain alterations in major depressive disorder: Findings from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group

Author: Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Van Erp, T.G.M., Smann, P.G., Frodl, T. (Thomas), Jahanshad, N., Loehrer, E. (Elizabeth), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A., Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Block, A. (Andrea), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Völzke, H. (Henry), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hatton, W., Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Goya-Maldonado, R., Krmer, B., Gruber, O., Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentera, M.E., Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A., Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Hall, G.B., MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Frey, E.M., Carballedo, A., Van Velzen, L.S., Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H., Schnell, K., Schramm, E., Normann, C., Schoepf, D., Konrad, C., Zurowski, B., Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C., Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Cowen, P.J., Fischer, F.H., Rose, M., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Thompson, P.M., Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Van Erp, T.G.M., Smann, P.G., Frodl, T. (Thomas), Jahanshad, N., Loehrer, E. (Elizabeth), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A., Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Block, A. (Andrea), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Völzke, H. (Henry), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hatton, W., Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Goya-Maldonado, R., Krmer, B., Gruber, O., Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentera, M.E., Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A., Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Hall, G.B., MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Frey, E.M., Carballedo, A., Van Velzen, L.S., Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H., Schnell, K., Schramm, E., Normann, C., Schoepf, D., Konrad, C., Zurowski, B., Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C., Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Cowen, P.J., Fischer, F.H., Rose, M., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Thompson, P.M., and Hibar, D.P. (Derrek)
Abstract: The pattern of structural brain alterations associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unresolved. This is in part due to small sample sizes of neuroimaging studies resulting in limited statistical power, disease heterogeneity and the complex interactions between clinical characteristics and brain morphology. To address this, we meta-analyzed three-dimensional brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 1728 MDD patients and 7199 controls from 15 research samples worldwide, to identify subcortical brain volumes that robustly discriminate MDD patients from healthy controls. Relative to controls, patients had significantly lower hippocampal volumes (Cohen's d=-0.14, % difference=-1.24). This effect was driven by patients with recurrent MDD (Cohen's d=-0.17, % difference=-1.44), and we detected no differences between first episode patients and controls. Age of onset ≤21 was associated with a smaller hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.20, % difference=-1.85) and a trend toward smaller amygdala (Cohen's d=-0.11, % difference=-1.23) and larger lateral ventricles (Cohen's d=0.12, % difference=5.11). Symptom severity at study inclusion was not associated with any regional brain volumes. Sample characteristics such as mean age, proportion of antidepressant users and proportion of remitted patients, and methodological characteristics did not significantly moderate alterations in brain volumes in MDD. Samples with a higher proportion of antipsychotic medication users showed larger caudate volumes in MDD patients compared with controls. This currently largest worldwide effort to identify subcortical brain alterations showed robust smaller hippocampal volumes in MDD patients, moderated by age of onset and first episode versus recurrent episode status.
Published: 2016
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13. Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium

Author: Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Moor, M.H.M. de, Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Krueger, R.F., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Amin, N. (Najaf), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hart, A.B. (Amy B.), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Lee, M. (Minyoung), Miller, M. (Mike), Nutile, T., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wedenoja, J. (Juho), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Adkins, D.E. (Daniel), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Appel, K. (Katja), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim), Busonero, F., Campbell, H. (Harry), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Davies, G. (Gail), de Wit, H. (Harriet), Ding, J. (Jun), Engelhardt, B.E. (Barbara E.), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Giegling, I. (Ina), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew C.), Heinonen, K. (Kati), Henders, A.K. (Anjali), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kemp, J.P. (John), Kirkpatrick, M.G. (Matthew G.), Latvala, A. (Antti), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Magri, C. (Chiara), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Maschio, A., Mbarek, H., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nivard, M. (Michel), Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Qian, Y. (Yong), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard J.), Ruggiero, D., Schmidt, C.O. (Carsten Oliver), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), St Pourcain, B. (Beate), Sutin, A.R., Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Trochet, H. (Holly), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Generation Scotland, Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Minelli, A. (Alessandra), Palmer, A.A. (Abraham A.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Bierut, L.J. (Laura J.), Hettema, J.M. (John M.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Evans, D.M. (David M.), Schlessinger, D. (David), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy L.), Terracciano, A., McGue, M. (Matt), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Moor, M.H.M. de, Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Krueger, R.F., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Amin, N. (Najaf), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hart, A.B. (Amy B.), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Lee, M. (Minyoung), Miller, M. (Mike), Nutile, T., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wedenoja, J. (Juho), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Adkins, D.E. (Daniel), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Appel, K. (Katja), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim), Busonero, F., Campbell, H. (Harry), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Davies, G. (Gail), de Wit, H. (Harriet), Ding, J. (Jun), Engelhardt, B.E. (Barbara E.), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Giegling, I. (Ina), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew C.), Heinonen, K. (Kati), Henders, A.K. (Anjali), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kemp, J.P. (John), Kirkpatrick, M.G. (Matthew G.), Latvala, A. (Antti), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Magri, C. (Chiara), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Maschio, A., Mbarek, H., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nivard, M. (Michel), Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Qian, Y. (Yong), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard J.), Ruggiero, D., Schmidt, C.O. (Carsten Oliver), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), St Pourcain, B. (Beate), Sutin, A.R., Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Trochet, H. (Holly), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Generation Scotland, Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Minelli, A. (Alessandra), Palmer, A.A. (Abraham A.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Bierut, L.J. (Laura J.), Hettema, J.M. (John M.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Evans, D.M. (David M.), Schlessinger, D. (David), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy L.), Terracciano, A., McGue, M. (Matt), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), and Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret)
Abstract: Extraversion is a relatively stable and heritable personality trait associated with numerous psychosocial, lifestyle and health outcomes. Despite its substantial heritability, no genetic variants have been detected in previous genome-wide association (GWA) studies, which may be due to relatively small sample sizes of those studies. Here, we report on a large meta-analysis of GWA studies for extraversion in 63,030 subjects in 29 cohorts. Extraversion item data from multiple personality inventories were harmonized across inventories and cohorts. No genome-wide significant associations were found at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level but there was one significant hit at the gene level for a long non-coding RNA site (LOC101928162). Genome-wide complex trait analysis in two large cohorts showed that the additive variance explained by common SNPs was not significantly different from zero, but polygenic risk scores, weighted using linkage information, significantly predicted extraversion scores in an independent cohort. These results show that extraversion is a highly polygenic personality trait, with an architecture possibly different from other complex human traits, including other personality traits. Future studies are required to further determine which genetic variants, by what modes of gene action, constitute the heritable nature of extraversion.
Published: 2016
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14. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for neuroticism, and the polygenic association with major depressive disorder

Author: Moor, M.H.M. de, Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Krueger, R.F., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Amin, N. (Najaf), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hart, A.B. (Amy B.), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Lee, M. (Minyoung), Miller, M. (Mike), Nutile, T., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wedenoja, J. (Juho), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Adkins, D.E. (Daniel), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Appel, K. (Katja), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim), Busonero, F., Campbell, H. (Harry), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Davies, G. (Gail), de Wit, H. (Harriet), Ding, J. (Jun), Engelhardt, B.E. (Barbara E.), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Giegling, I. (Ina), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Heinonen, K. (Kati), Henders, A.K. (Anjali), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kemp, J.P. (John), Kirkpatrick, M.G. (Matthew G.), Latvala, A. (Antti), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Liewald, D.C. (David C.), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Magri, C. (Chiara), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Maschio, A., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Qian, Y. (Yong), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard J.), Ruggiero, D., Schmidt, C.O. (Carsten Oliver), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), St Pourcain, B. (Beate), Sutin, A.R., Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Trochet, H. (Holly), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Minelli, A. (Alessandra), Palmer, A.A. (Abraham A.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Hettema, J.M. (John M.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Evans, D.M. (David M.), Schlessinger, D. (David), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Terracciano, A., McGue, M. (Matt), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Moor, M.H.M. de, Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Krueger, R.F., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Amin, N. (Najaf), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hart, A.B. (Amy B.), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Lee, M. (Minyoung), Miller, M. (Mike), Nutile, T., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wedenoja, J. (Juho), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Adkins, D.E. (Daniel), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Appel, K. (Katja), Bigdeli, T.B. (Tim), Busonero, F., Campbell, H. (Harry), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Davies, G. (Gail), de Wit, H. (Harriet), Ding, J. (Jun), Engelhardt, B.E. (Barbara E.), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Giegling, I. (Ina), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Heinonen, K. (Kati), Henders, A.K. (Anjali), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Kemp, J.P. (John), Kirkpatrick, M.G. (Matthew G.), Latvala, A. (Antti), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Liewald, D.C. (David C.), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Magri, C. (Chiara), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Maschio, A., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Qian, Y. (Yong), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard J.), Ruggiero, D., Schmidt, C.O. (Carsten Oliver), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), St Pourcain, B. (Beate), Sutin, A.R., Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Trochet, H. (Holly), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Minelli, A. (Alessandra), Palmer, A.A. (Abraham A.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Hettema, J.M. (John M.), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Evans, D.M. (David M.), Schlessinger, D. (David), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Terracciano, A., McGue, M. (Matt), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), and Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret)
Abstract: IMPORTANCE Neuroticism is a pervasive risk factor for psychiatric conditions. It genetically overlaps with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is therefore an important phenotype for psychiatric genetics. The Genetics of Personality Consortium has created a resource for genome-wide association analyses of personality traits in more than 63 000 participants (including MDD cases). OBJECTIVES To identify genetic variants associated with neuroticism by performing a meta-analysis of genome-wide association results based on 1000 Genomes imputation; to evaluate whether common genetic variants as assessed by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) explain variation in neuroticism by estimating SNP-based heritability; and to examine whether SNPs that predict neuroticism also predict MDD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 30 cohorts with genome-wide genotype, personality, and MDD data from the Genetics of Personality Consortium. The study included 63 661 participants from 29 discovery cohorts and 9786 participants from a replication cohort. Participants came from Europe, the United States, or Australia. Analyses were conducted between 2012 and 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Neuroticism scores harmonized across all 29 discovery cohorts by item response theory analysis, and clinical MDD case-control status in 2 of the cohorts. RESULTS A genome-wide significant SNP was found on 3p14 in MAGI1 (rs35855737; P = 9.26 × 10-9 in the discovery meta-analysis). This association was not replicated (P = .32), but the SNP was still genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis of all 30 cohorts (P = 2.38 × 10-8). Common genetic variants explain 15%of the variance in neuroticism. Polygenic scores based on the meta-analysis of neuroticism in 27 cohorts significantly predicted neuroticism (1.09 × 10-12 < P <.05) and MDD (4.02 × 10-9 < P < .05) in the 2 other cohorts. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study identi
Published: 2015
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15. Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium

Author: Davies, G. (Gail), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Bressler, J. (Jan), Chouraki, V. (Vincent), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Hofer, E., Ibrahim-Verbaas, C.A. (Carla), Kirin, M. (Mirna), Lahti, J., Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Liu, T., Marioni, R.E. (Riccardo), Oldmeadow, C. (Christopher), Postmus, D. (Douwe), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Thomson, R. (Russell), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Wang, J., Yu, L., Zgaga, L. (Lina), Zhao, W. (Wei), Boxall, R. (Ruth), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Hill, W.D. (W. David), Liewald, D.C. (David C.), Luciano, M. (Michelle), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Ames, D. (David), Amin, N. (Najaf), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Assareh, A.A., Au, R., Becker, J.T. (James), Beiser, A., Berr, C. (Claudine), Bertram, L. (Lars), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Buckley, B.M. (Brendan M.), Campbell, H. (Harry), Corley, J. (Janie), De Jager, P.L., Dufouil, C. (Carole), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Faul, J.D., Ford, I., Scotland, G. (Generation), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Harris, T.B., Heiss, G. (Gerardo), Hofman, A. (Albert), Holliday, E.G. (Elizabeth), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon), Kochan, N.A. (Nicole A.), Knopman, D.S. (David), Kwok, J.B., Lambert, J.-C., Lee, T., Li, G., Li, S.-C., Loitfelder, M. (Marisa), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar), Lundervold, A.J., Lundqvist, A., Mather, R., Mirza, S.S. (Saira), Nyberg, L., Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Papenberg, G., Pattie, A. (Alison), Petrovic, K. (Katja), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Redmond, P. (Paul), Reppermund, S., Rotter, J.I., Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schuur, M. (Maaike), Schofield, P.W., Scott, R.J., Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Stott, D.J. (David J.), Swieten, J.C. (John) van, Taylor, K.D. (Kent), Trollor, J., Trompet, S. (Stella), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Weinstein, G., Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Wright, A. (Alan), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yang, Q. (Qiong Fang), Amieva, H. (Hélène), Attia, J. (John), Bennett, D.A. (David), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Craen, A.J. (Anton) de, Hayward, C., Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Lindenberger, U., Nilsson, L.-G., Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Rudan, I. (Igor), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Schmidt, R., Schofield, P. (Peter), Srikanth, V., Starr, J.M. (John), Turner, S.T. (Stephen), Weir, D.R. (David R.), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Fitzpatrick, A.L. (Annette), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Davies, G. (Gail), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Bressler, J. (Jan), Chouraki, V. (Vincent), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Hofer, E., Ibrahim-Verbaas, C.A. (Carla), Kirin, M. (Mirna), Lahti, J., Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Liu, T., Marioni, R.E. (Riccardo), Oldmeadow, C. (Christopher), Postmus, D. (Douwe), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Thomson, R. (Russell), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Wang, J., Yu, L., Zgaga, L. (Lina), Zhao, W. (Wei), Boxall, R. (Ruth), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Hill, W.D. (W. David), Liewald, D.C. (David C.), Luciano, M. (Michelle), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Ames, D. (David), Amin, N. (Najaf), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Assareh, A.A., Au, R., Becker, J.T. (James), Beiser, A., Berr, C. (Claudine), Bertram, L. (Lars), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Buckley, B.M. (Brendan M.), Campbell, H. (Harry), Corley, J. (Janie), De Jager, P.L., Dufouil, C. (Carole), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Faul, J.D., Ford, I., Scotland, G. (Generation), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Griswold, M.D. (Michael), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Harris, T.B., Heiss, G. (Gerardo), Hofman, A. (Albert), Holliday, E.G. (Elizabeth), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon), Kochan, N.A. (Nicole A.), Knopman, D.S. (David), Kwok, J.B., Lambert, J.-C., Lee, T., Li, G., Li, S.-C., Loitfelder, M. (Marisa), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar), Lundervold, A.J., Lundqvist, A., Mather, R., Mirza, S.S. (Saira), Nyberg, L., Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Papenberg, G., Pattie, A. (Alison), Petrovic, K. (Katja), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Redmond, P. (Paul), Reppermund, S., Rotter, J.I., Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schuur, M. (Maaike), Schofield, P.W., Scott, R.J., Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Stott, D.J. (David J.), Swieten, J.C. (John) van, Taylor, K.D. (Kent), Trollor, J., Trompet, S. (Stella), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Weinstein, G., Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Windham, B.G. (Gwen), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Wright, A. (Alan), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Yang, Q. (Qiong Fang), Amieva, H. (Hélène), Attia, J. (John), Bennett, D.A. (David), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Craen, A.J. (Anton) de, Hayward, C., Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Lindenberger, U., Nilsson, L.-G., Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Rudan, I. (Igor), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Schmidt, R., Schofield, P. (Peter), Srikanth, V., Starr, J.M. (John), Turner, S.T. (Stephen), Weir, D.R. (David R.), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Fitzpatrick, A.L. (Annette), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), and Deary, I.J. (Ian)
Abstract: General cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age. We investigated the genetic contribution to variation in this important, health- and well-being-related trait in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 31 cohorts (N=53 949) in which the participants had undertaken multiple, diverse cognitive tests. A general cognitive function phenotype was tested for, and created in each cohort by principal component analysis. We report 13 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in three genomic regions, 6q16.1, 14q12 and 19q13.32 (best SNP and closest gene, respectively: rs10457441, P=3.93 × 10-9, MIR2113; rs17522122, P=2.55 × 10-8, AKAP6; rs10119, P=5.67 × 10-9, APOE/TOMM40). We report one gene-based significant association with the HMGN1 gene located on chromosome 21 (P=1 × 10-6). These genes have previously been associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Meta-analysis results are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance. To estimate SNP-based heritability, the genome-wide complex trait analysis procedure was applied to two large cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (N=6617) and the Health and Retirement Study (N=5976). The proportion of phenotypic variation accounted for by all genotyped common SNPs was 29% (s.e.=5%) and 28% (s.e.=7%), respectively. Using polygenic prediction analysis, ∼1.2% of the variance in general cognitive function was predicted in the Generation Scotland cohort (N=5487; P=1.5 × 10-17). In hypothesis-driven tests, there was significant association between general cognitive function and four genes previously associated with Alzheimer's disease: TOMM40, APOE, ABCG1 and MEF2C.
Published: 2015
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16. Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations

Author: Joshi, P.K. (Peter), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Mattsson, H. (Hannele), Eklund, N. (Niina), Gandin, I. (Ilaria), Nutile, T., Jackson, A.U. (Anne), Schurmann, C. (Claudia), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Zhang, W. (Weihua), Okada, Y. (Yukinori), Stancáková, A. (Alena), Faul, J.D. (Jessica D.), Zhao, W. (Wei), Bartz, T.M. (Traci M.), Concas, M.P. (Maria Pina), Franceschini, N. (Nora), Enroth, S. (Stefan), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Trompet, S. (Stella), Guo, X. (Xiuqing), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), O'Connel, J.R. (Jeffrey R.), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Nongmaithem, S.S. (Suraj S.), Chen, Y. (Yuning), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Ruggiero, D., Traglia, M. (Michela), Farmaki, A.-E. (Aliki-Eleni), Kacprowski, T. (Tim), Bjonnes, A. (Andrew), Spek, A. (Ashley) van der, Wu, Y. (Ying), Giri, A.K. (Anil K.), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Wang, L. (Lihua), Hofer, E. (Edith), Rietveld, C.A. (Niels), McLeod, O. (Olga), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Pattaro, C. (Cristian), Verweij, N. (Niek), Baumbach, C. (Clemens), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Warren, H. (Helen), Vuckovic, D. (Dragana), Mei, H. (Hao), Bouchard, C. (Claude), Perry, J.R.B. (John), Cappellani, S. (Stefania), Mirza, S.S. (Saira), Benton, M.C. (Miles C.), Broeckel, U. (Ulrich), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Lind, P.A. (Penelope), Malerba, G. (Giovanni), Drong, A. (Alexander), Yengo, L. (Loic), Bielak, L.F. (Lawrence F.), Zhi, D. (Degui), Most, P.J. (Peter) van der, Shriner, D. (Daniel), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Hemani, G., Karaderi, T. (Tugce), Wang, Z. (Zhaoming), Liu, T. (Tian), Demuth, I. (Ilja), Zhao, J.H. (Jing Hua), Meng, W. (Weihua), Lataniotis, L. (Lazaros), Van Der Laan, S.W. (Sander W.), Bradfield, J.P. (Jonathan), Wood, A.R. (Andrew), Bonnefond, A. (Amélie), Ahluwalia, T.S. (Tarunveer Singh), Hall, L.M. (Leanne M.), Salvi, E. (Erika), Yazar, S. (Seyhan), Carstensen, L. (Lisbeth), Haan, H.G. (Hugoline) de, Abney, M. (Mark), Afzal, U. (Uzma), Allison, M.A. (Matthew), Amin, N. (Najaf), Asselbergs, F.W. (Folkert W.), Bakker, S.J.L. (Stephan), Barr, R.G. (Graham), Baumeister, S.E. (Sebastian), Benjamin, D.J. (Daniel J.), Bergmann, S. (Sven), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Bottinger, E.P. (Erwin P.), Campbell, A. (Archie), Chakravarti, A. (Aravinda), Chan, Y. (Yingleong), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Chen, C. (Constance), Chen, Y.-D.I. (Y.-D. Ida), Collins, F.S. (Francis), Connell, J. (John), Correa, A. (Adolfo), Cupples, L.A. (Adrienne), Davies, G. (Gail), Dörr, M. (Marcus), Ehret, G.B. (Georg), Ellis, S.B. (Stephen B.), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Feitosa, M.F. (Mary Furlan), Ford, I., Fox, C.S. (Caroline), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), Friedrich, N. (Nele), Geller, F. (Frank), Scotland, G. (Generation), Gillham-Nasenya, I. (Irina), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Graff, M.J. (Maud J.L.), Grodstein, F. (Francine), Gu, C. (Charles), Haley, C. (Chris), Hammond, C.J. (Christopher), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Hastie, N. (Nick), Heard-Costa, N.L. (Nancy), Heikkilä, K. (Kauko), Hocking, L.J. (Lynne), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huang, J. (Jian), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Hysi, P.G. (Pirro), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Ingelsson, E. (Erik), Joensuu, A. (Anni), Johansson, A. (Åsa), Jousilahti, P. (Pekka), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Kamatani, Y. (Yoichiro), Kanoni, S. (Stavroula), Kerr, S.M. (Shona), Khan, N.M. (Nazir M.), Koellinger, Ph.D. (Philipp), Koistinen, H.A. (Heikki A.), Kooner, M.K. (Manraj K.), Kubo, M. (Michiaki), Kuusisto, J. (Johanna), Lahti, J. (Jari), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lea, R.A. (Rodney A.), Lehne, B. (Benjamin), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lind, L. (Lars), Loh, M. (Marie), Lokki, M.L., London, S.J. (Stephanie J.), Loomis, S.J. (Stephanie J.), Loukola, A. (Anu), Lu, Y. (Yingchang), Lumley, T. (Thomas), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Männistö, S. (Satu), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Masciullo, C. (Corrado), Matchan, A. (Angela), Mathias, J. (Jasmine), Matsuda, K. (Koichi), Meigs, J.B. (James), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Menni, C. (Cristina), Mentch, F.D. (Frank), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milani, L. (Lili), Montasser, M.E. (May E.), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Morrison, A.C. (Alanna), Myers, R.H. (Richard), Nadukuru, R. (Rajiv), Navarro, P. (Pau), Nalis, M. (Mari), Nieminen, M.S. (Markku S.), Nolte, I.M. (Ilja M.), O'Connor, G.T. (George), Ogunniyi, A. (Adesola), Padmanabhan, S. (Sandosh), Palmas, W. (Walter), Pankow, J.S. (James), Patarcic, I. (Inga), Pavani, F. (Francesca), Peyser, P.A. (Patricia A.), Pietilainen, K.H. (Kirsi Hannele), Poulter, N.R. (Neil), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Ralhan, S. (Sarju), Redmond, P. (Paul), Rich, S.S. (Stephen S.), Rissanen, H. (Harri), Robino, A. (Antonietta), Rose, L.M. (Lynda M.), Rose, R.J. (Richard J.), Sala, C. (Cinzia), Salako, B. (Babatunde), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sarin, A.-P., Saxena, R. (Richa), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Scott, L.J. (Laura), Scott, W.R. (William R.), Sennblad, B. (Bengt), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Sever, P. (Peter), Shrestha, S. (Smeeta), Smith, B.H. (Blair), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Soranzo, N. (Nicole), Sotoodehnia, N. (Nona), Southam, L. (Lorraine), Stanton, A. (Alice), Stathopoulou, M.G. (Maria G), Strauch, K. (Konstantin), Strawbridge, R.J. (Rona), Suderman, M.J. (Matthew J.), Tandon, N. (Nikhil), Tang, S.-T. (Sian-Tsun), Taylor, K.D. (Kent D.), Tayo, B. (Bamidele), Töglhofer, A.M. (Anna Maria), Tomaszewski, M. (Maciej), Tsernikova, N. (Natalia), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Vaidya, D. (Dhananjay), Hylckama Vlieg, A. (Astrid) van, Setten, J. (Jessica) van, Vasankari, T. (Tuula), Vedantam, S. (Sailaja), Vlachopoulou, E. (Efthymia), Vozzi, D. (Diego), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Ware, E.B. (Erin B.), Wentworth-Shields, W. (William), Whitfield, J. (John), Wild, S. (Sarah), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Yajnik, C.S. (Chittaranjan S.), Yao, J. (Jie), Zaza, G. (Gianluigi), Zhu, X. (Xiaofeng), Salem, R.M. (Rany), Melbye, M. (Mads), Bisgaard, H. (Hans), Samani, N.J. (Nilesh), Cusi, D. (Daniele), Mackey, D.A. (David A.), Cooper, R.S. (Richard S.), Froguel, P. (Philippe), Pasterkamp, G. (Gerard), Grant, S.F.A. (Struan F.A.), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Scott, R.A. (Robert), Morris, A.D. (Andrew), Palmer, C.N.A. (Colin), Dedoussis, G.V. (George V.), Deloukas, P. (Panagiotis), Bertram, L. (Lars), Lindenberger, U. (Ulman), Berndt, S.I. (Sonja), Lindgren, C.M. (Cecilia), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Tönjes, A. (Anke), Munroe, P. (Patricia), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild I.A.), Rotimi, C. (Charles), Arnett, D.K. (Donna), Oldehinkel, A.J. (Albertine), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon), Balkau, B. (Beverley), Gambaro, G. (Giovanni), Morris, A.P. (Andrew), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Hunt, S.C. (Steven), Starr, J.M. (John), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Griffiths, L.R. (Lyn R.), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Pirastu, N. (Nicola), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Perusse, L. (Louis), Wilson, J.G. (James), Girotto, S., Caulfield, M. (Mark), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Gieger, C. (Christian), van der Harst, P., Hicks, A.A. (Andrew), Kraft, P. (Peter), Sinisalo, J. (Juha), Knekt, P., Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Hamsten, A. (Anders), Borecki, I.B. (Ingrid), Vartiainen, E. (Erkki), Becker, D.M. (Diane), Bharadwaj, D. (Dwaipayan), Mohlke, K.L. (Karen), Boehnke, M. (Michael), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Sanghera, D.K. (Dharambir), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Zeggini, E. (Eleftheria), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Ulivi, S. (Shelia), Ober, C. (Carole), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Rudan, I. (Igor), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Ciullo, M., Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Dupuis, J. (Josée), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Wright, A. (Alan), Chandak, G.R. (Giriraj), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Shuldiner, A.R. (Alan), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Gyllensten, U. (Ulf), North, K.E. (Kari), Pirastu, M. (Mario), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Weir, D.R. (David), Laakso, M. (Markku), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Takahashi, A. (Atsushi), Chambers, J.C. (John C.), Kooner, J.S. (Jaspal S.), Strachan, D.P. (David P.), Campbell, H. (Harry), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel N.), Perola, M. (Markus), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Wilson, J.F. (James), Joshi, P.K. (Peter), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Mattsson, H. (Hannele), Eklund, N. (Niina), Gandin, I. (Ilaria), Nutile, T., Jackson, A.U. (Anne), Schurmann, C. (Claudia), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Zhang, W. (Weihua), Okada, Y. (Yukinori), Stancáková, A. (Alena), Faul, J.D. (Jessica D.), Zhao, W. (Wei), Bartz, T.M. (Traci M.), Concas, M.P. (Maria Pina), Franceschini, N. (Nora), Enroth, S. (Stefan), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Trompet, S. (Stella), Guo, X. (Xiuqing), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), O'Connel, J.R. (Jeffrey R.), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Nongmaithem, S.S. (Suraj S.), Chen, Y. (Yuning), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Ruggiero, D., Traglia, M. (Michela), Farmaki, A.-E. (Aliki-Eleni), Kacprowski, T. (Tim), Bjonnes, A. (Andrew), Spek, A. (Ashley) van der, Wu, Y. (Ying), Giri, A.K. (Anil K.), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Wang, L. (Lihua), Hofer, E. (Edith), Rietveld, C.A. (Niels), McLeod, O. (Olga), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Pattaro, C. (Cristian), Verweij, N. (Niek), Baumbach, C. (Clemens), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), Warren, H. (Helen), Vuckovic, D. (Dragana), Mei, H. (Hao), Bouchard, C. (Claude), Perry, J.R.B. (John), Cappellani, S. (Stefania), Mirza, S.S. (Saira), Benton, M.C. (Miles C.), Broeckel, U. (Ulrich), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Lind, P.A. (Penelope), Malerba, G. (Giovanni), Drong, A. (Alexander), Yengo, L. (Loic), Bielak, L.F. (Lawrence F.), Zhi, D. (Degui), Most, P.J. (Peter) van der, Shriner, D. (Daniel), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Hemani, G., Karaderi, T. (Tugce), Wang, Z. (Zhaoming), Liu, T. (Tian), Demuth, I. (Ilja), Zhao, J.H. (Jing Hua), Meng, W. (Weihua), Lataniotis, L. (Lazaros), Van Der Laan, S.W. (Sander W.), Bradfield, J.P. (Jonathan), Wood, A.R. (Andrew), Bonnefond, A. (Amélie), Ahluwalia, T.S. (Tarunveer Singh), Hall, L.M. (Leanne M.), Salvi, E. (Erika), Yazar, S. (Seyhan), Carstensen, L. (Lisbeth), Haan, H.G. (Hugoline) de, Abney, M. (Mark), Afzal, U. (Uzma), Allison, M.A. (Matthew), Amin, N. (Najaf), Asselbergs, F.W. (Folkert W.), Bakker, S.J.L. (Stephan), Barr, R.G. (Graham), Baumeister, S.E. (Sebastian), Benjamin, D.J. (Daniel J.), Bergmann, S. (Sven), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Bottinger, E.P. (Erwin P.), Campbell, A. (Archie), Chakravarti, A. (Aravinda), Chan, Y. (Yingleong), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Chen, C. (Constance), Chen, Y.-D.I. (Y.-D. Ida), Collins, F.S. (Francis), Connell, J. (John), Correa, A. (Adolfo), Cupples, L.A. (Adrienne), Davies, G. (Gail), Dörr, M. (Marcus), Ehret, G.B. (Georg), Ellis, S.B. (Stephen B.), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Feitosa, M.F. (Mary Furlan), Ford, I., Fox, C.S. (Caroline), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), Friedrich, N. (Nele), Geller, F. (Frank), Scotland, G. (Generation), Gillham-Nasenya, I. (Irina), Gottesman, R.F. (Rebecca), Graff, M.J. (Maud J.L.), Grodstein, F. (Francine), Gu, C. (Charles), Haley, C. (Chris), Hammond, C.J. (Christopher), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Hastie, N. (Nick), Heard-Costa, N.L. (Nancy), Heikkilä, K. (Kauko), Hocking, L.J. (Lynne), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huang, J. (Jian), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Hysi, P.G. (Pirro), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Ingelsson, E. (Erik), Joensuu, A. (Anni), Johansson, A. (Åsa), Jousilahti, P. (Pekka), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Kamatani, Y. (Yoichiro), Kanoni, S. (Stavroula), Kerr, S.M. (Shona), Khan, N.M. (Nazir M.), Koellinger, Ph.D. (Philipp), Koistinen, H.A. (Heikki A.), Kooner, M.K. (Manraj K.), Kubo, M. (Michiaki), Kuusisto, J. (Johanna), Lahti, J. (Jari), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lea, R.A. (Rodney A.), Lehne, B. (Benjamin), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lind, L. (Lars), Loh, M. (Marie), Lokki, M.L., London, S.J. (Stephanie J.), Loomis, S.J. (Stephanie J.), Loukola, A. (Anu), Lu, Y. (Yingchang), Lumley, T. (Thomas), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Männistö, S. (Satu), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Masciullo, C. (Corrado), Matchan, A. (Angela), Mathias, J. (Jasmine), Matsuda, K. (Koichi), Meigs, J.B. (James), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Menni, C. (Cristina), Mentch, F.D. (Frank), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milani, L. (Lili), Montasser, M.E. (May E.), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Morrison, A.C. (Alanna), Myers, R.H. (Richard), Nadukuru, R. (Rajiv), Navarro, P. (Pau), Nalis, M. (Mari), Nieminen, M.S. (Markku S.), Nolte, I.M. (Ilja M.), O'Connor, G.T. (George), Ogunniyi, A. (Adesola), Padmanabhan, S. (Sandosh), Palmas, W. (Walter), Pankow, J.S. (James), Patarcic, I. (Inga), Pavani, F. (Francesca), Peyser, P.A. (Patricia A.), Pietilainen, K.H. (Kirsi Hannele), Poulter, N.R. (Neil), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Ralhan, S. (Sarju), Redmond, P. (Paul), Rich, S.S. (Stephen S.), Rissanen, H. (Harri), Robino, A. (Antonietta), Rose, L.M. (Lynda M.), Rose, R.J. (Richard J.), Sala, C. (Cinzia), Salako, B. (Babatunde), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sarin, A.-P., Saxena, R. (Richa), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Scott, L.J. (Laura), Scott, W.R. (William R.), Sennblad, B. (Bengt), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Sever, P. (Peter), Shrestha, S. (Smeeta), Smith, B.H. (Blair), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Soranzo, N. (Nicole), Sotoodehnia, N. (Nona), Southam, L. (Lorraine), Stanton, A. (Alice), Stathopoulou, M.G. (Maria G), Strauch, K. (Konstantin), Strawbridge, R.J. (Rona), Suderman, M.J. (Matthew J.), Tandon, N. (Nikhil), Tang, S.-T. (Sian-Tsun), Taylor, K.D. (Kent D.), Tayo, B. (Bamidele), Töglhofer, A.M. (Anna Maria), Tomaszewski, M. (Maciej), Tsernikova, N. (Natalia), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Vaidya, D. (Dhananjay), Hylckama Vlieg, A. (Astrid) van, Setten, J. (Jessica) van, Vasankari, T. (Tuula), Vedantam, S. (Sailaja), Vlachopoulou, E. (Efthymia), Vozzi, D. (Diego), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Ware, E.B. (Erin B.), Wentworth-Shields, W. (William), Whitfield, J. (John), Wild, S. (Sarah), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Yajnik, C.S. (Chittaranjan S.), Yao, J. (Jie), Zaza, G. (Gianluigi), Zhu, X. (Xiaofeng), Salem, R.M. (Rany), Melbye, M. (Mads), Bisgaard, H. (Hans), Samani, N.J. (Nilesh), Cusi, D. (Daniele), Mackey, D.A. (David A.), Cooper, R.S. (Richard S.), Froguel, P. (Philippe), Pasterkamp, G. (Gerard), Grant, S.F.A. (Struan F.A.), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Scott, R.A. (Robert), Morris, A.D. (Andrew), Palmer, C.N.A. (Colin), Dedoussis, G.V. (George V.), Deloukas, P. (Panagiotis), Bertram, L. (Lars), Lindenberger, U. (Ulman), Berndt, S.I. (Sonja), Lindgren, C.M. (Cecilia), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Tönjes, A. (Anke), Munroe, P. (Patricia), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild I.A.), Rotimi, C. (Charles), Arnett, D.K. (Donna), Oldehinkel, A.J. (Albertine), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon), Balkau, B. (Beverley), Gambaro, G. (Giovanni), Morris, A.P. (Andrew), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Hunt, S.C. (Steven), Starr, J.M. (John), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Griffiths, L.R. (Lyn R.), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Pirastu, N. (Nicola), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Perusse, L. (Louis), Wilson, J.G. (James), Girotto, S., Caulfield, M. (Mark), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Gieger, C. (Christian), van der Harst, P., Hicks, A.A. (Andrew), Kraft, P. (Peter), Sinisalo, J. (Juha), Knekt, P., Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Hamsten, A. (Anders), Borecki, I.B. (Ingrid), Vartiainen, E. (Erkki), Becker, D.M. (Diane), Bharadwaj, D. (Dwaipayan), Mohlke, K.L. (Karen), Boehnke, M. (Michael), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Sanghera, D.K. (Dharambir), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Zeggini, E. (Eleftheria), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Ulivi, S. (Shelia), Ober, C. (Carole), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Rudan, I. (Igor), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Ciullo, M., Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Dupuis, J. (Josée), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Wright, A. (Alan), Chandak, G.R. (Giriraj), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Shuldiner, A.R. (Alan), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Gyllensten, U. (Ulf), North, K.E. (Kari), Pirastu, M. (Mario), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Weir, D.R. (David), Laakso, M. (Markku), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Takahashi, A. (Atsushi), Chambers, J.C. (John C.), Kooner, J.S. (Jaspal S.), Strachan, D.P. (David P.), Campbell, H. (Harry), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel N.), Perola, M. (Markus), Polasek, O. (Ozren), and Wilson, J.F. (James)
Abstract: Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10-300, 2.1 × 10-6, 2.5 × 10-10 and 1.8 × 10-10, respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been p
Published: 2015
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17. Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures

Author: Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Stein, J.L., Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Toro, R. (Roberto), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Andersson, M. (Micael), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Bernard, M. (Manon), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brown, A.A. (Andrew), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Hass, J. (Johanna), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil H.), Olde Loohuis, L.M. (Loes M.), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Salami, A. (Alireza), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shin, J. (Jean), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Walters, R.K. (Raymond), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Hakobjan, M. (Marina), Hartberg, C.B. (Cecilie B.), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Heister, A.J.G.A.M. (Angelien J. G. A. M.), Hoehn, D. (David), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Makkinje, R.R.R. (Remco R. R.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Naber, M.A.M. (Marlies A. M.), McKay, D.R. (Reese), Needham, M. (Margaret), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Pütz, B. (Benno), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Shen, L. (Li), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Van Der Marel, S.S.L. (Saskia S. L.), Van Hulzen, K.J.E. (Kimm J. E.), Walton, E. (Esther), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Cichon, S. (Sven), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dillman, A. (Allissa), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Erk, S., Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Raphael Gibbs, J., Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Holsboer, F., Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Keil, M. (Maria), Kent, J.W. (Jack W.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Mostert, J.C. (Jeanette C.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Perez-Iglesias, R. (Rocio), Pike, G.B. (Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rosen, G.D. (Glenn D.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Smith, C. (Colin), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Turner, J. (Jessica), Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Westman, E. (Eric), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B. (Alan B.), Ashbrook, D.G. (David G.), Hager, R. (Reinmar), Lu, L. (Lu), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Williams, R.W. (Robert W.), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Kahn, R. (René), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smoller, J.W., Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Blangero, J. (John), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Francks, C. (Clyde), Glahn, D.C. (David), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Hardy, J. (John), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Soininen, H. (H.), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Seiler, S. (Stephan), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Becker, J.T. (James), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Ebling, M. (Maritza), Fischl, B. (Bruce), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Greve, D. (Douglas), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Vinke, L.N. (Louis N.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Xue, L. (Luting), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Stein, J.L., Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Desrivières, S. (Sylvane), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Toro, R. (Roberto), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Abramovic, L. (Lucija), Andersson, M. (Micael), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Bernard, M. (Manon), Bohlken, M.M. (Marc M.), Boks, M.P.M. (Marco), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brown, A.A. (Andrew), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chen, Q. (Qiang), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Gabriel), Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Goldman, A.L. (Aaron L.), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Hass, J. (Johanna), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Jia, T. (Tianye), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Klein, M. (Marieke), Kraemer, B. (Bernd), Lee, P.H. (Phil H.), Olde Loohuis, L.M. (Loes M.), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacAre, C. (Christine), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Salami, A. (Alireza), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Shin, J. (Jean), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Van Donkelaar, M.M.J. (Marjolein M. J.), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Walters, R.K. (Raymond), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Athanasiu, L. (Lavinia), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Hakobjan, M. (Marina), Hartberg, C.B. (Cecilie B.), Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Heister, A.J.G.A.M. (Angelien J. G. A. M.), Hoehn, D. (David), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Makkinje, R.R.R. (Remco R. R.), Matarin, M. (Mar), Naber, M.A.M. (Marlies A. M.), McKay, D.R. (Reese), Needham, M. (Margaret), Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Pütz, B. (Benno), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Shen, L. (Li), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Van Der Marel, S.S.L. (Saskia S. L.), Van Hulzen, K.J.E. (Kimm J. E.), Walton, E. (Esther), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Almasy, L. (Laura), Ames, D.J. (David), Arepalli, S. (Sampath), Assareh, A.A., Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Brodaty, H. (Henry), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Cichon, S. (Sven), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dillman, A. (Allissa), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Erk, S., Fedko, I. (Iryna), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Raphael Gibbs, J., Göring, H.H.H. (Harald H.), Green, R.C. (Robert C.), Guelfi, S. (Sebastian), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Heslenfeld, D.J. (Dirk), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Holsboer, F., Homuth, G. (Georg), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Ikeda, M. (Masashi), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnson, R. (Robert), Kanai, R. (Ryota), Keil, M. (Maria), Kent, J.W. (Jack W.), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Kwok, J.B. (John B.), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Longo, D.L. (Dan L.), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Mostert, J.C. (Jeanette C.), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Ohi, K. (Kazutaka), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Perez-Iglesias, R. (Rocio), Pike, G.B. (Bruce), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Reppermund, S., Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rosen, G.D. (Glenn D.), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schnell, K. (Kerry), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Smith, C. (Colin), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Toga, A.W. (Arthur W.), Traynor, B. (Bryan), Troncoso, J.C. (Juan), Turner, J. (Jessica), Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Brug, M.P. (Marcel) van der, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Wassink, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Westman, E. (Eric), Zielke, R.H. (Ronald H.), Zonderman, A.B. (Alan B.), Ashbrook, D.G. (David G.), Hager, R. (Reinmar), Lu, L. (Lu), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Williams, R.W. (Robert W.), Brunner, H.G., Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan K.), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Dale, A.M. (Anders), Davies, G.E. (Gareth), Delanty, N., Depondt, C. (Chantal), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoffmann, W. (Wolfgang), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Kahn, R. (René), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nyberg, L. (Lars), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smoller, J.W., Bokhoven, H. (Hans) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Völzke, H. (Henry), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Blangero, J. (John), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cookson, M.R. (Mark), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Deary, I.J. (Ian), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Francks, C. (Clyde), Glahn, D.C. (David), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Hardy, J. (John), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Lovestone, S. (Simon), Mattay, V.S. (Venkata S.), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Singleton, A. (Andrew), Soininen, H. (H.), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weinberger, D.R. (Daniel), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Seiler, S. (Stephan), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Chauhan, G. (Ganesh), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Becker, J.T. (James), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Ebling, M. (Maritza), Fischl, B. (Bruce), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Greve, D. (Douglas), Nyquist, P. (Paul), Vinke, L.N. (Louis N.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Xue, L. (Luting), Mazoyer, B. (Bernard), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Medland, S.E. (Sarah)
Abstract: The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences. Subcortical brain regions form circuits with cortical areas to coordinate movement, learning, memory and motivation, a
Published: 2015
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18. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies six novel loci associated with habitual coffee consumption

Author: Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Byrne, E.M., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Ganna, A. (Andrea), Paynter, N.P. (Nina), Monda, K.L. (Keri), Amin, N. (Najaf), Fischer, K. (Krista), Renström, F. (Frida), Ngwa, J.S., Huikari, V. (Ville), Cavadino, A. (Alana), Nolte, I.M. (Ilja M.), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Yu, K., Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Rawal, R., Manichaikul, A. (Ani), Wojczynski, M.K. (Mary ), Vink, J.M., Zhao, J.H. (Jing Hua), Burlutsky, G. (George), Lahti, J. (Jari), Mikkilä, V. (Vera), Lemaitre, R.N. (Rozenn ), Eriksson, J., Musani, S. (Solomon), Tanaka, T., Geller, F. (Frank), Luan, J., Hui, J., Mägi, R. (Reedik), Dimitriou, M. (Maria), Garcia, M. (Melissa), Ho, W.-K., Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Rose, L.M. (Lynda M.), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy L.), Couper, D.J. (David), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Hofman, A. (Albert), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Rooij, F.J.A. (Frank) van, Barroso, I., Johansson, I. (Ingegerd), Xue, L. (Luting), Kaakinen, M. (Marika), Milani, L. (Lili), Power, C. (Christine), Snieder, H. (Harold), Stolk, R.P., Baumeister, S.E. (Sebastian), Biffar, R., Gu, F., Bastardot, F. (Francois), Kutalik, Z., Jacobs, D.R. (David), Forouhi, N.G. (Nita G.), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Lind, L. (Lars), Lindgren, C., Michaëlsson, K., Morris, A.P. (Andrew), Jensen, M.K. (Majken K.), Khaw, K.T., Luben, R.N. (Robert), Wang, J.J., Männistö, S. (Satu), Perälä, M.-M., Kähönen, M. (Mika), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Viikari, J. (Jorma), Mozaffarian, D., Mukamal, K. (Kenneth), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Döring, A., Heath, A.C. (Andrew C.), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Dahmen, N. (N.), Carithers, T., Tucker, K.L., Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Boyd, H.A., Melbye, M. (Mads), Treur, J.L., Mellström, D. (Dan), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Tönjes, A. (Anke), Deloukas, P. (Panagiotis), Kanoni, S. (Stavroula), Lorentzon, M. (Mattias), Houston, D.K., Liu, Y., Danesh, J. (John), Rasheed, A., Mason, M.A., Zonderman, A.B., Franke, L. (Lude), Kristal, B.S., Karjalainen, J. (Juha), Reed, D.R., Westra, H.-J., Evans, M.K. (Michele), Saleheen, D., Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Dedoussis, G.V. (George V.), Curhan, G.C. (Gary), Stumvoll, M. (Michael), Beilby, J. (John), Pasquale, L.R., Feenstra, B., Bandinelli, S., Ordovas, J.M., Chan, A.T., Peters, U. (Ulrike), Ohlsson, C. (Claes), Gieger, C. (Christian), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Siscovick, D.S. (David), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Mitchell, P. (Paul), Hunter, D. (David), Kraft, P. (Peter), Rimm, E.B. (Eric B.), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Borecki, I.B. (Ingrid), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Vollenweider, P.K. (Peter K.), Caporaso, N., Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Neuhouser, M.L. (Marian L.), Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R. (Bruce H. R.), Hu, F.B. (Frank), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Cupples, L.A. (Adrienne), Franks, P.W., Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Heiss, G. (Gerardo), Metspalu, A. (Andres), North, K.E. (Kari), Ingelsson, E. (Erik), Nettleton, J.A., Dam, R.M. (Rob) van, Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Byrne, E.M., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Ganna, A. (Andrea), Paynter, N.P. (Nina), Monda, K.L. (Keri), Amin, N. (Najaf), Fischer, K. (Krista), Renström, F. (Frida), Ngwa, J.S., Huikari, V. (Ville), Cavadino, A. (Alana), Nolte, I.M. (Ilja M.), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Yu, K., Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Rawal, R., Manichaikul, A. (Ani), Wojczynski, M.K. (Mary ), Vink, J.M., Zhao, J.H. (Jing Hua), Burlutsky, G. (George), Lahti, J. (Jari), Mikkilä, V. (Vera), Lemaitre, R.N. (Rozenn ), Eriksson, J., Musani, S. (Solomon), Tanaka, T., Geller, F. (Frank), Luan, J., Hui, J., Mägi, R. (Reedik), Dimitriou, M. (Maria), Garcia, M. (Melissa), Ho, W.-K., Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Rose, L.M. (Lynda M.), Magnusson, P.K.E. (Patrik K. E.), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy L.), Couper, D.J. (David), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Hofman, A. (Albert), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Rooij, F.J.A. (Frank) van, Barroso, I., Johansson, I. (Ingegerd), Xue, L. (Luting), Kaakinen, M. (Marika), Milani, L. (Lili), Power, C. (Christine), Snieder, H. (Harold), Stolk, R.P., Baumeister, S.E. (Sebastian), Biffar, R., Gu, F., Bastardot, F. (Francois), Kutalik, Z., Jacobs, D.R. (David), Forouhi, N.G. (Nita G.), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Lind, L. (Lars), Lindgren, C., Michaëlsson, K., Morris, A.P. (Andrew), Jensen, M.K. (Majken K.), Khaw, K.T., Luben, R.N. (Robert), Wang, J.J., Männistö, S. (Satu), Perälä, M.-M., Kähönen, M. (Mika), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Viikari, J. (Jorma), Mozaffarian, D., Mukamal, K. (Kenneth), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Döring, A., Heath, A.C. (Andrew C.), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Dahmen, N. (N.), Carithers, T., Tucker, K.L., Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Boyd, H.A., Melbye, M. (Mads), Treur, J.L., Mellström, D. (Dan), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Tönjes, A. (Anke), Deloukas, P. (Panagiotis), Kanoni, S. (Stavroula), Lorentzon, M. (Mattias), Houston, D.K., Liu, Y., Danesh, J. (John), Rasheed, A., Mason, M.A., Zonderman, A.B., Franke, L. (Lude), Kristal, B.S., Karjalainen, J. (Juha), Reed, D.R., Westra, H.-J., Evans, M.K. (Michele), Saleheen, D., Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Dedoussis, G.V. (George V.), Curhan, G.C. (Gary), Stumvoll, M. (Michael), Beilby, J. (John), Pasquale, L.R., Feenstra, B., Bandinelli, S., Ordovas, J.M., Chan, A.T., Peters, U. (Ulrike), Ohlsson, C. (Claes), Gieger, C. (Christian), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Siscovick, D.S. (David), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Eriksson, J.G. (Johan G.), Mitchell, P. (Paul), Hunter, D. (David), Kraft, P. (Peter), Rimm, E.B. (Eric B.), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Borecki, I.B. (Ingrid), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Vollenweider, P.K. (Peter K.), Caporaso, N., Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Neuhouser, M.L. (Marian L.), Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R. (Bruce H. R.), Hu, F.B. (Frank), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Cupples, L.A. (Adrienne), Franks, P.W., Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Heiss, G. (Gerardo), Metspalu, A. (Andres), North, K.E. (Kari), Ingelsson, E. (Erik), Nettleton, J.A., Dam, R.M. (Rob) van, and Chasman, D.I. (Daniel)
Abstract: Coffee, a major dietary source of caffeine, is among the most widely consumed beverages in the world and has received considerable attention regarding health risks and benefits. We conducted a genome-wide (GW) meta-analysis of predominately regular-t
Published: 2015
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19. Novel loci affecting iron homeostasis and their effects in individuals at risk for hemochromatosis

Author: Benyamin, B. (Beben), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Ried, J.S. (Janina), Radhakrishnan, A. (Aparna), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Traglia, M. (Michela), Gögele, M. (Martin), Anderson, D. (Denise), Broer, L. (Linda), Podmore, C. (Clara), Luan, J., Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Sanna, S. (Serena), Meer, P. (Peter) van der, Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Wang, F. (Fudi), Westra, H.J. (Harm-Jan), Franke, L. (Lude), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milani, L. (Lili), Häldin, J. (Jonas), Winkelmann, B., Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Thiery, J. (Joachim), Peters, A. (Annette), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Rendon, A. (Augusto), Jolley, G.J. (Jason), Sambrook, J.G. (Jennifer), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Sweep, F.C. (Fred), Sala, C. (Cinzia), Schwienbacher, C. (Christine), Pichler, I. (Irene), Hui, J. (Jennie), Demirkan, A. (Ayşe), Isaacs, A. (Aaron), Amin, N. (Najaf), Steri, M. (Maristella), Waeber, G. (Gérard), Verweij, N. (Niek), Powell, J.E. (Joseph), Dimas, A.S. (Antigone), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Bandinelli, S. (Stefania), Harst, P. (Pim) van der, Uda, M. (Manuela), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Scott, R.A. (Robert), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Beilby, J. (John), Pramstaller, P.P. (Peter Paul), Hicks, A.A. (Andrew), Ouwehand, W.H. (Willem), Oexle, K. (Konrad), Gieger, C. (Christian), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Camaschella, C. (Clara), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Swinkels, D.W. (Dorine), Whitfield, J. (John), Benyamin, B. (Beben), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Ried, J.S. (Janina), Radhakrishnan, A. (Aparna), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Traglia, M. (Michela), Gögele, M. (Martin), Anderson, D. (Denise), Broer, L. (Linda), Podmore, C. (Clara), Luan, J., Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Sanna, S. (Serena), Meer, P. (Peter) van der, Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Wang, F. (Fudi), Westra, H.J. (Harm-Jan), Franke, L. (Lude), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milani, L. (Lili), Häldin, J. (Jonas), Winkelmann, B., Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Thiery, J. (Joachim), Peters, A. (Annette), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Rendon, A. (Augusto), Jolley, G.J. (Jason), Sambrook, J.G. (Jennifer), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Sweep, F.C. (Fred), Sala, C. (Cinzia), Schwienbacher, C. (Christine), Pichler, I. (Irene), Hui, J. (Jennie), Demirkan, A. (Ayşe), Isaacs, A. (Aaron), Amin, N. (Najaf), Steri, M. (Maristella), Waeber, G. (Gérard), Verweij, N. (Niek), Powell, J.E. (Joseph), Dimas, A.S. (Antigone), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Madden, P.A. (Pamela), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Bandinelli, S. (Stefania), Harst, P. (Pim) van der, Uda, M. (Manuela), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Scott, R.A. (Robert), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Beilby, J. (John), Pramstaller, P.P. (Peter Paul), Hicks, A.A. (Andrew), Ouwehand, W.H. (Willem), Oexle, K. (Konrad), Gieger, C. (Christian), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Camaschella, C. (Clara), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Swinkels, D.W. (Dorine), and Whitfield, J. (John)
Abstract: Variation in body iron is associated with or causes diseases, including anaemia and iron overload. Here, we analyse genetic association data on biochemical markers of iron status from 11 European-population studies, with replication in eight additional cohorts (total up to 48,972 subjects). We find 11 genome-wide-significant (P<5 × 10-8) loci, some including known iron-related genes (HFE, SLC40A1, TF, TFR2, TFRC, TMPRSS6) and others novel (ABO, ARNTL, FADS2, NAT2, TEX14). SNPs at ARNTL, TF, and TFR2 affect iron markers in HFE C282Y homozygotes at risk for hemochromatosis. There is substantial overlap between our iron loci and loci affecting erythrocyte and lipid phenotypes. These results will facilitate investigation of the roles of iron in disease.
Published: 2014
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20. Childhood intelligence is heritable, highly polygenic and associated with FNBP1L

Author: Benyamin, B. (Beben), Pourcain, B. (Bst), Davis, O.S.P. (Oliver S.), Davies, G. (Gail), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Brion, M.-J. (Maria), Kirkpatrick, R.M. (Robert), Cents, R.A.M. (Rolieke), Franić, S. (Sanja), Miller, M.B. (Michael), Haworth, C.M.A. (Claire), Meaburn, E.L. (Emma), Price, T.S. (Thomas), Evans, D.M. (David), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Kemp, J.P. (John), Ring, S.M. (Susan), McArdle, W.L. (Wendy), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Yang, J. (Jian), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Scheet, P. (Paul), Xiao, X. (Xiangjun), Hudziak, J.J. (James), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Starr, J.M. (John), Verhulst, F.C. (Frank), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Iacono, W.G. (William), Palmer, C. (Cameron), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), McGue, M. (Matt), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Davey-Smith, G. (George), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Plomin, R. (Robert), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Benyamin, B. (Beben), Pourcain, B. (Bst), Davis, O.S.P. (Oliver S.), Davies, G. (Gail), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Brion, M.-J. (Maria), Kirkpatrick, R.M. (Robert), Cents, R.A.M. (Rolieke), Franić, S. (Sanja), Miller, M.B. (Michael), Haworth, C.M.A. (Claire), Meaburn, E.L. (Emma), Price, T.S. (Thomas), Evans, D.M. (David), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Kemp, J.P. (John), Ring, S.M. (Susan), McArdle, W.L. (Wendy), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Yang, J. (Jian), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Scheet, P. (Paul), Xiao, X. (Xiangjun), Hudziak, J.J. (James), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Starr, J.M. (John), Verhulst, F.C. (Frank), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Iacono, W.G. (William), Palmer, C. (Cameron), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), McGue, M. (Matt), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Davey-Smith, G. (George), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Plomin, R. (Robert), and Visscher, P.M. (Peter)
Abstract: Intelligence in childhood, as measured by psychometric cognitive tests, is a strong predictor of many important life outcomes, including educational attainment, income, health and lifespan. Results from twin, family and adoption studies are consistent with general intelligence being highly heritable and genetically stable throughout the life course. No robustly associated genetic loci or variants for childhood intelligence have been reported. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) on childhood intelligence (age range 6-18 years) from 17 989 individuals in six discovery and three replication samples. Although no individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected with genome-wide significance, we show that the aggregate effects of common SNPs explain 22-46% of phenotypic variation in childhood intelligence in the three largest cohorts (P=3.9 × 10 -15, 0.014 and 0.028). FNBP1L, previously reported to be the most significantly associated gene for adult intelligence, was also significantly associated with childhood intelligence (P=0.003). Polygenic prediction analyses resulted in a significant correlation between predictor and outcome in all replication cohorts. The proportion of childhood intelligence explained by the predictor reached 1.2% (P=6 × 10 -5), 3.5% (P=10 -3) and 0.5% (P=6 × 10 -5) in three independent validation cohorts. Given the sample sizes, these genetic prediction results are consistent with expectations if the genetic architecture of childhood intelligence is like that of body mass index or height. Our study provides molecular support for the heritability and polygenic nature of childhood intelligence. Larger sample sizes will be required to detect individual variants with genome-wide significance.
Published: 2014
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21. Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche

Author: Perry, J.R.B. (John), Day, F.R. (Felix), Elks, C.E. (Cathy), Sulem, P. (Patrick), Thompson, D. (Deborah), Ferreira, T. (Teresa), He, C. (Chunyan), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Thorleifsson, G. (Gudmar), Albrecht, E. (Eva), Ang, W.Q. (Wei), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Franceschini, N. (Nora), Ganna, A. (Andrea), Johnson, A.D. (Andrew), Kjellqvist, S. (Sanela), Lunetta, K.L. (Kathryn), Mcmahon, G. (George), Nolte, I.M. (Ilja), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Porcu, E. (Eleonora), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Stolk, L. (Lisette), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tsernikova, N. (Natalia), Tikkanen, E. (Emmi), Ulivi, S. (Shelia), Wagner, E.K. (Erin K.), Amin, N. (Najaf), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Byrne, E.M. (Enda), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Koller, D.L. (Daniel), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Pers, T.H. (Tune), Yerges-Armstrong, L.M. (Laura), Zhao, J.H. (Jing Hua), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Atsma, F. (Femke), Bandinelli, S. (Stefania), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Benítez, J. (Javier), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Buring, J.E. (Julie), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Chen, J. (Jinhui), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Couper, D.J. (David), Coviello, A.D. (Andrea), Cox, A. (Angela), Czene, K. (Kamila), Adamo, P. (Pio) d', Vivo, I. (Immaculata) de, Demerath, E.W. (Ellen), Dennis, J. (Joe), Devilee, P. (Peter), Dieffenbach, A.K. (Aida Karina), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Hagen, K. (Knut), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Franke, L. (Lude), Garcia, M. (Melissa), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Geller, F. (Frank), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Giles, G.G. (Graham), Gudbjartsson, D.F. (Daniel), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Guo, S. (Suiqun), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Haring, R. (Robin), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Hofman, A. (Albert), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hopper, J.L. (John), Hu, F.B. (Frank), Hunter, D. (David), Karasik, D. (David), Kiel, D.P. (Douglas P.), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Lai, S. (Sandra), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Masson, G. (Gisli), McArdle, P.F. (Patrick), McArdle, W.L. (Wendy), Melbye, M. (Mads), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milani, L. (Lili), Milne, R.L. (Roger L), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Neven, P. (Patrick), Nohr, C. (Christian), Oldehinkel, A.J. (Albertine), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Peacock, M. (Munro), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy L.), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Postma, D.S. (Dirkje), Pouta, A. (Anneli), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Radice, P. (Paolo), Ring, S.M. (Susan), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Robino, A. (Antonietta), Rose, L.M. (Lynda), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanna, S. (Serena), Schlessinger, D. (David), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Southey, M.C. (Mellissa C.), Sovio, U. (Ulla), Stampfer, M.J. (Meir J.), Stöckl, D. (Doris), Storniolo, A.M. (Anna M.), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan), Visser, J.A. (Jenny), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Völzke, H. (Henry), Waeber, G. (Gérard), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Wallaschofski, H. (Henri), Wang, Q. (Qing), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R. (Bruce H. R.), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Econs, M.J. (Michael), Khaw, K.T., Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), McCarthy, M.I. (Mark), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Rice, J.P. (John), Streeten, E.A. (Elizabeth), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Alizadeh, B.Z. (Behrooz), Bergmann, S.M. (Sven), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Boyd, H.A. (Heather), Crisponi, L. (Laura), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Gieger, C. (Christian), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Ingelsson, E. (Erik), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Kraft, P. (Peter), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Snieder, H. (Harold), Sørensen, T.I.A., Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Strachan, D.P. (David P.), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Zygmunt, M. (Marek), Murray, A. (Anna), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Murabito, J. (Joanne), Ong, K.K. (Ken K.), Perry, J.R.B. (John), Day, F.R. (Felix), Elks, C.E. (Cathy), Sulem, P. (Patrick), Thompson, D. (Deborah), Ferreira, T. (Teresa), He, C. (Chunyan), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Thorleifsson, G. (Gudmar), Albrecht, E. (Eva), Ang, W.Q. (Wei), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Franceschini, N. (Nora), Ganna, A. (Andrea), Johnson, A.D. (Andrew), Kjellqvist, S. (Sanela), Lunetta, K.L. (Kathryn), Mcmahon, G. (George), Nolte, I.M. (Ilja), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Porcu, E. (Eleonora), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Stolk, L. (Lisette), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Tsernikova, N. (Natalia), Tikkanen, E. (Emmi), Ulivi, S. (Shelia), Wagner, E.K. (Erin K.), Amin, N. (Najaf), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Byrne, E.M. (Enda), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Koller, D.L. (Daniel), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Pers, T.H. (Tune), Yerges-Armstrong, L.M. (Laura), Zhao, J.H. (Jing Hua), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Atsma, F. (Femke), Bandinelli, S. (Stefania), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Benítez, J. (Javier), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Buring, J.E. (Julie), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Chen, J. (Jinhui), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Couper, D.J. (David), Coviello, A.D. (Andrea), Cox, A. (Angela), Czene, K. (Kamila), Adamo, P. (Pio) d', Vivo, I. (Immaculata) de, Demerath, E.W. (Ellen), Dennis, J. (Joe), Devilee, P. (Peter), Dieffenbach, A.K. (Aida Karina), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Hagen, K. (Knut), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Franke, L. (Lude), Garcia, M. (Melissa), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Geller, F. (Frank), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Giles, G.G. (Graham), Gudbjartsson, D.F. (Daniel), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Guo, S. (Suiqun), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Haring, R. (Robin), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Hofman, A. (Albert), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hopper, J.L. (John), Hu, F.B. (Frank), Hunter, D. (David), Karasik, D. (David), Kiel, D.P. (Douglas P.), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Lai, S. (Sandra), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Masson, G. (Gisli), McArdle, P.F. (Patrick), McArdle, W.L. (Wendy), Melbye, M. (Mads), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Mihailov, E. (Evelin), Milani, L. (Lili), Milne, R.L. (Roger L), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Neven, P. (Patrick), Nohr, C. (Christian), Oldehinkel, A.J. (Albertine), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Peacock, M. (Munro), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy L.), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Postma, D.S. (Dirkje), Pouta, A. (Anneli), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Radice, P. (Paolo), Ring, S.M. (Susan), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Robino, A. (Antonietta), Rose, L.M. (Lynda), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanna, S. (Serena), Schlessinger, D. (David), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Southey, M.C. (Mellissa C.), Sovio, U. (Ulla), Stampfer, M.J. (Meir J.), Stöckl, D. (Doris), Storniolo, A.M. (Anna M.), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan), Visser, J.A. (Jenny), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Völzke, H. (Henry), Waeber, G. (Gérard), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Wallaschofski, H. (Henri), Wang, Q. (Qing), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R. (Bruce H. R.), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Econs, M.J. (Michael), Khaw, K.T., Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), McCarthy, M.I. (Mark), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Rice, J.P. (John), Streeten, E.A. (Elizabeth), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Alizadeh, B.Z. (Behrooz), Bergmann, S.M. (Sven), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Boyd, H.A. (Heather), Crisponi, L. (Laura), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Gieger, C. (Christian), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Ingelsson, E. (Erik), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Kraft, P. (Peter), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Snieder, H. (Harold), Sørensen, T.I.A., Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Strachan, D.P. (David P.), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Zygmunt, M. (Marek), Murray, A. (Anna), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Murabito, J. (Joanne), and Ong, K.K. (Ken K.)
Abstract: Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a complex hypothalamic-pituitary-hormonal regulation, but the mechanisms that determine pubertal timing and underlie its links to disease risk remain unclear. Here, using genome-wide and custom-genotyping arrays in up to 182,416 women of European descent from 57 studies, we found robust evidence (P < 5 × 10-8) for 123 signals at 106 genomic loci associated with age at menarche. Many loci were associated with other pubertal traits in both sexes, and there was substantial overlap with genes implicated in body mass index and various diseases, including rare disorders of puberty. Menarc
Published: 2014
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22. Common genetic variants associated with cognitive performance identified using the proxy-phenotype method

Author: Rietveld, C.A. (Niels), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Davies, G. (Gail), Pers, T.H. (Tune), Turley, P. (Patrick), Benyamin, B. (Beben), Chabris, C.F. (Christopher F.), Emilsson, V. (Valur), Johnson, A.D. (Andrew), Lee, J.J. (James J.), Leeuw, C. (Christiaan) de, Marioni, R.E. (Riccardo), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Miller, M. (Mike), Rostapshova, O. (Olga), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Vinkhuyzen, A.A.E. (Anna A.), Amin, N. (Najaf), Conley, D. (Dalton), Derringer, J., Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Fehrmann, R.S.N. (Rudolf), Franke, L. (Lude), Glaeser, E.L. (Edward L.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Iacono, W.G. (William), Ibrahim-Verbaas, C.A. (Carla), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Karjalainen, J. (Juha), Laibson, D. (David), Lichtenstein, P. (Paul), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), McGue, M. (Matt), Mcmahon, G. (George), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Pinker, S. (Steven), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Smithk, B.H. (Blair H.), Starr, J.M. (John), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Timpsonm, N.J. (Nicholas J.), Trzaskowskin, M. (Maciej), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Verhulst, F.C. (Frank), Ward, M.E. (Mary), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Plomin, R. (Robert), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Benjamin, D.J. (Daniel J.), Cesarini, D. (David), Koellinger, Ph.D. (Philipp), Rietveld, C.A. (Niels), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Davies, G. (Gail), Pers, T.H. (Tune), Turley, P. (Patrick), Benyamin, B. (Beben), Chabris, C.F. (Christopher F.), Emilsson, V. (Valur), Johnson, A.D. (Andrew), Lee, J.J. (James J.), Leeuw, C. (Christiaan) de, Marioni, R.E. (Riccardo), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Miller, M. (Mike), Rostapshova, O. (Olga), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Vinkhuyzen, A.A.E. (Anna A.), Amin, N. (Najaf), Conley, D. (Dalton), Derringer, J., Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Fehrmann, R.S.N. (Rudolf), Franke, L. (Lude), Glaeser, E.L. (Edward L.), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Iacono, W.G. (William), Ibrahim-Verbaas, C.A. (Carla), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Karjalainen, J. (Juha), Laibson, D. (David), Lichtenstein, P. (Paul), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), McGue, M. (Matt), Mcmahon, G. (George), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Pinker, S. (Steven), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Smithk, B.H. (Blair H.), Starr, J.M. (John), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Timpsonm, N.J. (Nicholas J.), Trzaskowskin, M. (Maciej), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Verhulst, F.C. (Frank), Ward, M.E. (Mary), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Plomin, R. (Robert), Visscher, P.M. (Peter), Benjamin, D.J. (Daniel J.), Cesarini, D. (David), and Koellinger, Ph.D. (Philipp)
Abstract: We identify common genetic variants associated with cognitive performance using a two-stage approach, which we call the proxyphenotype method. First, we conduct a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in a large sample (n = 106,736), which produces a set of 69 education-associated SNPs. Second, using independent samples (n = 24,189), we measure the association of these education-associated SNPs with cognitive performance. Three SNPs (rs1487441, rs7923609, and rs2721173) are significantly associated with cognitive performance after correction for multiple hypothesis testing. In an independent sample of older Americans (n = 8,652), we also show that a polygenic score derived from the education-associated SNPs is associated with memory and absence of dementia. Convergent evidence from a set of bioinformatics analyses implicates four specific genes (KNCMA1, NRXN1, POU2F3, and SCRT). All of these genes are associated with a particular neurotransmitter pathway involved in synaptic plasticity, the main cellular mechanism for learning and memory.
Published: 2014
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23. The ENIGMA Consortium: Large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

Author: Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Stein, J.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Vásquez, A.A. (Arias), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Toro, R. (Roberto), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Alda, M. (Martin), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Almasy, L. (Laura), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andreasen, N.C., Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Apostolova, L.G. (Liana), Appel, K. (Katja), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Bauer, M. (Michael), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Bergmann, Ø. (Ørjan), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Blangero, J. (John), Bockholt, H.J., Bøen, E. (Erlend), Bois, M. (Monique), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Booth, T. (Tom), Bowman, I.J. (Ian), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Brohawn, D.G. (David), Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Bustillo, J., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cantor, R.M., Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chang, K.D. (Kiki), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Christoforou, A. (Andrea), Cichon, S. (Sven), Clark, V.P., Conrod, P. (Patricia), Coppola, D. (Domenico), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Delvecchio, G. (Giuseppe), Depondt, C. (Chantal), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dima, D. (Danai), Dimitrova, R. (Rali), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Dong, H. (Hongwei), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Ekman, C.J. (Carl Johan), Elvsåshagen, T. (Torbjørn), Emsell, L. (Louise), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fagerness, J. (Jesen), Fears, S. (Scott), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Frey, E.M. (Eva Maria), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Frouin, V. (Vincent), Garavan, H. (Hugh), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Glahn, D.C. (David), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Goldstein, R.Z. (Rita), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gur, R.E. (Raquel), Gur, R.C. (Ruben), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald), Hagenaars, S. (Saskia), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hass, J. (Johanna), Hatton, W., Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoehn, D. (David), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hollinshead, M. (Marisa), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hong, L.E. (L.Elliot), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Hwang, K.S. (Kristy), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnston, C., Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kahn, R.S. (René), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kelly, S. (Steve), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koenders, L. (Laura), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kwok, J.B.J. (John), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Laje, G. (Gonzalo), Landén, M. (Mikael), Landman, B.A. (Bennett), Lauriello, J., Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Leonardo, C.D. (Cassandra), Li, C.-S. (Chiang-shan), Liberg, B. (Benny), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Loth, E. (Eva), Lourdusamy, A. (Anbarasu), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacCiardi, F. (Fabio), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Malt, U.F. (Ulrik), Mandl, R. (René), Manoach, D.S. (Dara), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Moses, E.K. (Eric), Mueller, B.A. (Bryon ), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (Bertram), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, M. (Melina), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Pearlson, G. (Godfrey), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Peterson, C.P. (Charles), Pfennig, A. (Andrea), Phillips, M. (Mary), Pike, G.B. (G Bruce), Poline, J.B. (Jean Baptiste), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Rasmussen, J. (Jerod), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Rijpkema, M. (Mark), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Romanczuk-Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salami, A. (Alireza), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Savitz, J. (Jonathan), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Scanlon, C. (Cathy), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnack, H. (Hugo), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Schulz, S.C. (S.Charles), Schür, R. (Remmelt), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shen, L. (Li), Shoemaker, L. (Lawrence), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soares, J.C. (Jair), Sponheim, S.R. (Scott), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Starr, J.M. (John), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Strakowski, S. (Stephen), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Toga, A.W. (Arthur), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trost, S. (Sarah), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, M. (Martijn) van den, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Versace, A. (Amelia), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walker, R. (Robert), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wang, L. (Lei), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H.C. (Heather), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Zilles, D. (David), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Almeida, J.R. (Jorge), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Freimer, N.B. (Nelson), Lawrence, N.S. (Natalia), Drevets, D.A. (Douglas), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Stein, J.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Vásquez, A.A. (Arias), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Toro, R. (Roberto), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Schumann, G. (Gunter), Franke, B. (Barbara), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Alda, M. (Martin), Alhusaini, S. (Saud), Almasy, L. (Laura), Alpert, K. (Kathryn), Andreasen, N.C., Andreassen, O.A. (Ole), Apostolova, L.G. (Liana), Appel, K. (Katja), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola), Aribisala, B. (Benjamin), Bastin, M.E. (Mark), Bauer, M. (Michael), Bearden, C.E. (Carrie), Bergmann, Ø. (Ørjan), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Blangero, J. (John), Bockholt, H.J., Bøen, E. (Erlend), Bois, M. (Monique), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Booth, T. (Tom), Bowman, I.J. (Ian), Bralten, L.B.C. (Linda), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Brunner, H.G., Brohawn, D.G. (David), Buckner, M., Buitelaar, J.K. (Jan), Bulayeva, K. (Kazima), Bustillo, J., Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Cantor, R.M., Carless, M.A. (Melanie), Caseras, X. (Xavier), Cavalleri, G. (Gianpiero), Chakravarty, M.M. (M. Mallar), Chang, K.D. (Kiki), Ching, C.R.K. (Christopher), Christoforou, A. (Andrea), Cichon, S. (Sven), Clark, V.P., Conrod, P. (Patricia), Coppola, D. (Domenico), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Curran, J.E. (Joanne), Czisch, M. (Michael), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Braber, A. (Anouk) den, Delvecchio, G. (Giuseppe), Depondt, C. (Chantal), Haan, L. (Lieuwe) de, Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Dima, D. (Danai), Dimitrova, R. (Rali), Djurovic, S. (Srdjan), Dong, H. (Hongwei), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Duggirala, A. (Aparna), Dyer, M.D. (Matthew), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Ekman, C.J. (Carl Johan), Elvsåshagen, T. (Torbjørn), Emsell, L. (Louise), Erk, S., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Fagerness, J. (Jesen), Fears, S. (Scott), Fedko, I. (Iryna), Fernandez, G. (Guillén), Fisher, S.E. (Simon), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Fox, P.T. (Peter), Francks, C. (Clyde), Frangou, S. (Sophia), Frey, E.M. (Eva Maria), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Frouin, V. (Vincent), Garavan, H. (Hugh), Giddaluru, S. (Sudheer), Glahn, D.C. (David), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Goldstein, R.Z. (Rita), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Grimm, O. (Oliver), Gruber, O. (Oliver), Guadalupe, T. (Tulio), Gur, R.E. (Raquel), Gur, R.C. (Ruben), Göring, H.H.H. (Harald), Hagenaars, S. (Saskia), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Hardy, J. (John), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina), Hass, J. (Johanna), Hatton, W., Haukvik, U.K. (Unn), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Heinz, J. (Judith), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Ho, B.C. (Beng ), Hoehn, D. (David), Hoekstra, P.J. (Pieter), Hollinshead, M. (Marisa), Holmes, A.J. (Avram), Homuth, G. (Georg), Hoogman, M. (Martine), Hong, L.E. (L.Elliot), Hosten, N. (Norbert), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Hwang, K.S. (Kristy), Jack Jr., C.R. (Clifford), Jenkinson, S. (Sarah), Johnston, C., Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Kahn, R.S. (René), Kasperaviciute, D. (Dalia), Kelly, S. (Steve), Kim, S. (Shinseog), Kochunov, P. (Peter), Koenders, L. (Laura), Krämer, B. (Bernd), Kwok, J.B.J. (John), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Laje, G. (Gonzalo), Landén, M. (Mikael), Landman, B.A. (Bennett), Lauriello, J., Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lee, P.H. (Phil), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Lemaître, H. (Herve), Leonardo, C.D. (Cassandra), Li, C.-S. (Chiang-shan), Liberg, B. (Benny), Liewald, D.C.M. (David), Liu, X. (Xinmin), Lopez, L.M. (Lorna), Loth, E. (Eva), Lourdusamy, A. (Anbarasu), Luciano, M. (Michelle), MacCiardi, F. (Fabio), Machielsen, M.W.J. (Marise), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Malt, U.F. (Ulrik), Mandl, R. (René), Manoach, D.S. (Dara), Martinot, J.-L. (Jean-Luc), Matarin, M. (Mar), Mather, R., Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Mcmahon, F.J. (Francis J), Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Meisenzahl, E. (Eva), Melle, I. (Ingrid), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Mohnke, S. (Sebastian), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Moses, E.K. (Eric), Mueller, B.A. (Bryon ), Muñoz Maniega, S. (Susana), Mühleisen, T.W. (Thomas), Müller-Myhsok, B. (Bertram), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nho, K. (Kwangsik), Nichols, T.E. (Thomas), Nilsson, L.G., Nugent, A.C. (Allison), Nyberg, L. (Lisa), Olvera, R.L. (Rene), Oosterlaan, J. (Jaap), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Pandolfo, M. (Massimo), Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, M. (Melina), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Paus, T. (Tomas), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Pearlson, G. (Godfrey), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Peterson, C.P. (Charles), Pfennig, A. (Andrea), Phillips, M. (Mary), Pike, G.B. (G Bruce), Poline, J.B. (Jean Baptiste), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Pütz, B. (Benno), Ramasamy, A. (Adaikalavan), Rasmussen, J. (Jerod), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Rijpkema, M. (Mark), Risacher, S.L. (Shannon), Roffman, J.L. (Joshua), Roiz-Santiañez, R. (Roberto), Romanczuk-Seiferth, N. (Nina), Rose, E.J. (Emma), Royle, N.A. (Natalie), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Ryten, M. (Mina), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Salami, A. (Alireza), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Savitz, J. (Jonathan), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Scanlon, C. (Cathy), Schmaal, L. (Lianne), Schnack, H. (Hugo), Schork, N.J. (Nicholas), Schulz, S.C. (S.Charles), Schür, R. (Remmelt), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shen, L. (Li), Shoemaker, L. (Lawrence), Simmons, A. (Andrew), Sisodiya, S.M. (Sanjay), Smith, C. (Colin), Smoller, J.W., Soares, J.C. (Jair), Sponheim, S.R. (Scott), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Starr, J.M. (John), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Strakowski, S. (Stephen), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Toga, A.W. (Arthur), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Trabzuni, D. (Danyah), Trost, S. (Sarah), Turner, J. (Jessica), Heuvel, M. (Martijn) van den, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.) van, Ent, D. (Dennis) van 't, Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Valdés Hernández, M.C. (Maria), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Versace, A. (Amelia), Völzke, H. (Henry), Walker, R. (Robert), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Wang, L. (Lei), Wardlaw, J.M. (J.), Weale, M.E. (Michael), Weiner, M.W. (Michael), Wen, W. (Wei), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Whalley, H.C. (Heather), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Winkler, A.M. (Anderson), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Woldehawariat, G. (Girma), Björnsson, A. (Asgeir), Zilles, D. (David), Zwiers, M.P. (Marcel), Thalamuthu, A. (Anbupalam), Almeida, J.R. (Jorge), Schofield, C.J. (Christopher), Freimer, N.B. (Nelson), Lawrence, N.S. (Natalia), and Drevets, D.A. (Douglas)
Abstract: The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
Published: 2014
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24. Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for CREB1 SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility

Author: Li, M. (M.), Luo, X.-J. (X.), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Jamain, S. (Stéphane), Leboyer, M. (Marion), Landén, M. (Mikael), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Cichon, S. (Sven), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas), Sullivan, P. (Patrick), Bergen, S.E. (Sarah), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Hargreaves, A. (A.), Gill, M. (Michael), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Hultman, C.M. (Christina), Toga, A.W. (Arthur), Shi, L. (L.), Lin, Q. (Q.), Shi, H. (Hong), Gan, L. (L.), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Czamara, D. (Darina), Henry, C. (C.), Etain, B. (Bruno), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Erk, S., Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Heinz, J. (Judith), Bellivier, F. (Frank), Stein, J.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Franke, B. (Barbara), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Su, B. (B.), Li, M. (M.), Luo, X.-J. (X.), Rietschel, M. (Marcella), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Mattheisen, M. (Manuel), Müller-Myhsok, B. (B.), Jamain, S. (Stéphane), Leboyer, M. (Marion), Landén, M. (Mikael), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Cichon, S. (Sven), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), Schulze, T.G. (Thomas), Sullivan, P. (Patrick), Bergen, S.E. (Sarah), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Morris, D.W. (Derek W), Hargreaves, A. (A.), Gill, M. (Michael), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Hultman, C.M. (Christina), Toga, A.W. (Arthur), Shi, L. (L.), Lin, Q. (Q.), Shi, H. (Hong), Gan, L. (L.), Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Czamara, D. (Darina), Henry, C. (C.), Etain, B. (Bruno), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Debette, S. (Stéphanie), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Erk, S., Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Heinz, J. (Judith), Bellivier, F. (Frank), Stein, J.L., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Hibar, D.P. (Derrek), Franke, B. (Barbara), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), and Su, B. (B.)
Abstract: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a polygenic disorder that shares substantial genetic risk factors with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genetic analyses have reported numerous BD susceptibility genes, while some variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CACNA1C have been successfully replicated, many others have not and subsequently their effects on the intermediate phenotypes cannot be verified. Here, we studied the MDD-related gene CREB1 in a set of independent BD sample groups of European ancestry (a total of 64 888 subjects) and identified multiple SNPs significantly associated with BD (the most significant being SNP rs6785A, P=6.32 × 10 -5, odds ratio (OR)=1.090). Risk SNPs were then subjected to further analyses in healthy Europeans for intermediate phenotypes of BD, including hippocampal volume, hippocampal function and cognitive performance. Our results showed that the risk SNPs were significantly associated with hippocampal volume and hippocampal function, with the risk alleles showing a decreased hippocampal volume and diminished activation of the left hippocampus, adding further evidence for their involvement in BD susceptibility. We also found the risk SNPs were strongly associated with CREB1 expression in lymphoblastoid cells (P<0.005) and the prefrontal cortex (P<1.0 × 10 -6). Remarkably, population genetic analysis indicated that CREB1 displayed striking differences in allele frequencies between continental populations, and the risk alleles were completely absent in East Asian populations. We demonstrated that the regional prevalence of the CREB1 risk alleles in Europeans is likely caused by genetic hitchhiking due to natural selection acting on a nearby gene. Our results suggest that differential population histories due to natural selection on regional populations may lead to genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to complex diseases, such as BD, and explain inconsistencies in detecting the genetic markers of these diseases among differe
Published: 2014
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25. Harmonization of neuroticism and extraversion phenotypes across inventories and cohorts in the Genetics of Personality Consortium: An application of item response theory

Author: Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Moor, M.H.M. de, McGue, M. (Matt), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Terracciano, A., Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Amin, N. (Najaf), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Grootheest, G. (Gerard) van, Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Luciano, M. (Michelle), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Broms, U. (Ulla), Campbell, H. (Harry), Smith, G.D. (George Davey), Hagen, K. (Knut), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Fox, J.P. (Jean-Paul), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Giegling, I. (Ina), Gow, A.J. (Alan J.), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Heikkilä, K. (Kauko), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Northstone, K. (Kate), Nutile, T., Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pattie, A. (Alison), Pesonen, A.-K. (Anu-Katriina), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Pulkkinen, L. (Lea), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard), Ruggiero, D., Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Smyth, D.C. (David), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), Sutin, A.R., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Verhagen, J. (Josine), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Krueger, R.F., Evans, D.M. (David), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Berg, S.M. (Stéphanie) van den, Moor, M.H.M. de, McGue, M. (Matt), Pettersson, E. (Erik), Terracciano, A., Verweij, K.J.H. (Karin J.), Amin, N. (Najaf), Derringer, J., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Grootheest, G. (Gerard) van, Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Konte, B., Lahti, J. (Jari), Luciano, M. (Michelle), Matteson, L.K. (Lindsay), Viktorin, A. (Alexander), Wouda, J. (Jasper), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Allik, J., Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Broms, U. (Ulla), Campbell, H. (Harry), Smith, G.D. (George Davey), Hagen, K. (Knut), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Franke, B. (Barbara), Fox, J.P. (Jean-Paul), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Giegling, I. (Ina), Gow, A.J. (Alan J.), Grucza, R., Hartmann, A.M. (Annette M), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Heikkilä, K. (Kauko), Iacono, W.G. (William), Janzing, J.G.E. (Joost), Jokela, M. (Markus), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Northstone, K. (Kate), Nutile, T., Ouwens, K.G. (Klaasjan), Palotie, A. (Aarno), Pattie, A. (Alison), Pesonen, A.-K. (Anu-Katriina), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Pulkkinen, L. (Lea), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Realo, A. (Anu), Rose, R.J. (Richard), Ruggiero, D., Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Slutske, W.S. (Wendy), Smyth, D.C. (David), Sorice, R., Starr, J.M. (John), Sutin, A.R., Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Verhagen, J. (Josine), Vermeulen, S.H.H.M. (Sita), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Zgaga, L. (Lina), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Wilson, J.F. (James F), Ciullo, M., Hayward, C. (Caroline), Rudan, I. (Igor), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Arias-Vásquez, A. (Alejandro), Costa, P.T. (Paul), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Krueger, R.F., Evans, D.M. (David), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), and Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret)
Abstract: Mega- or meta-analytic studies (e.g. genome-wide association studies) are increasingly used in behavior genetics. An issue in such studies is that phenotypes are often measured by different instruments across study cohorts, requiring harmonization of measures so that more powerful fixed effect meta-analyses can be employed. Within the Genetics of Personality Consortium, we demonstrate for two clinically relevant personality traits, Neuroticism and Extraversion, how Item-Response Theory (IRT) can be applied to map item data from different inventories to the same underlying constructs. Personality item data were analyzed in >160,000 individuals from 23 cohorts across Europe, USA and Australia in which Neuroticism and Extraversion were assessed by nine different personality inventories. Results showed that harmonization was very successful for most personality inventories and moderately successful for some. Neuroticism and Extraversion inventories were largely measurement invariant across cohorts, in particular when comparing cohorts from countries where the same language is spoken. The IRT-based scores for Neuroticism and Extraversion were heritable (48 and 49 %, respectively, based on a meta-analysis of six twin cohorts, total N = 29,496 and 29,501 twin pairs, respectively) with a significant part of the heritability due to non-additive genetic factors. For Extraversion, these genetic factors qualitatively differ across sexes. We showed that our IRT method can lead to a large increase in sample size and therefore statistical power. The IRT approach may be applied to any mega- or meta-analytic study in which item-based behavioral measures need to be harmonized.
Published: 2014
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26. Refining genome-wide linkage intervals using a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies loci influencing personality dimensions

Author: Amin, N. (Najaf), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Janssens, A.C.J.W. (Cécile), Moor, M.H.M. de, Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela), Zorkoltseva, I.V. (Irina), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Terracciano, A., Uda, M. (Manuela), Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Realo, A. (Anu), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Luciano, M. (Michelle), Davies, G. (Gail), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Raikkonen, K. (Katri), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Costa, P.T. (P.), Saviouk, V. (Viatcheslav), Zhu, G. (Gu), Kirichenko, A.V. (Anatoly), Isaacs, A.J. (Aaron), Aulchenko, Y.S. (Yurii), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Pergadia, M.L. (Michele), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Axenovich, T.I. (Tatiana), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Amin, N. (Najaf), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Janssens, A.C.J.W. (Cécile), Moor, M.H.M. de, Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela), Zorkoltseva, I.V. (Irina), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Terracciano, A., Uda, M. (Manuela), Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Realo, A. (Anu), Ferrucci, L. (Luigi), Luciano, M. (Michelle), Davies, G. (Gail), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Raikkonen, K. (Katri), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Costa, P.T. (P.), Saviouk, V. (Viatcheslav), Zhu, G. (Gu), Kirichenko, A.V. (Anatoly), Isaacs, A.J. (Aaron), Aulchenko, Y.S. (Yurii), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Heath, A.C. (Andrew), Pergadia, M.L. (Michele), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Axenovich, T.I. (Tatiana), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), and Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van
Abstract: Personality traits are complex phenotypes related to psychosomatic health. Individually, various gene finding methods have not achieved much success in finding genetic variants associated with personality traits. We performed a meta-analysis of four genome-wide linkage scans (N=6149 subjects) of five basic personality traits assessed with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. We compared the significant regions from the meta-analysis of linkage scans with the results of a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (N∼17 000). We found significant evidence of linkage of neuroticism to chromosome 3p14 (rs1490265, LOD=4.67) and to chromosome 19q13 (rs628604, LOD=3.55); of extraversion to 14q32 (ATGG002, LOD=3.3); and of agreeableness to 3p25 (rs709160, LOD=3.67) and to two adjacent regions on chromosome 15, including 15q13 (rs970408, LOD=4.07) and 15q14 (rs1055356, LOD=3.52) in the individual scans. In the meta-analysis, we found strong evidence of linkage of extraversion to 4q34, 9q34, 10q24 and 11q22, openness to 2p25, 3q26, 9p21, 11q24, 15q26 and 19q13 and agreeableness to 4q34 and 19p13. Significant evidence of association in the GWAS was detected between openness and rs677035 at 11q24 (P-value=2.6 × 10 -06, KCNJ1). The findings of our linkage meta-analysis and those of the GWAS suggest that 11q24 is a susceptible locus for openness, with KCNJ1 as the possible candidate gene.
Published: 2013
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27. A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Five Loci Influencing Facial Morphology in Europeans

Author: Liu, F. (Fan), Lijn, F. (Fedde) van der, Schurmann, C. (Claudia), Zhu, G. (Gu), Chakravarty, M.M. (M Mallar), Hysi, P.G. (Pirro), Wollstein, A. (Andreas), Lao Grueso, O. (Oscar), Bruijne, M. (Marleen) de, Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Lugt, A. (Aad) van der, Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hofman, A. (Albert), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Homuth, G. (Georg), Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Daboul, A. (Amro), Puls, R. (Ralf), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Bevan, L. (Liisa), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Wicking, C. (Carol), Boehringer, S. (Stefan), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Paus, T. (Tomas), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Biffar, R. (Reiner), Kayser, M.H. (Manfred), Liu, F. (Fan), Lijn, F. (Fedde) van der, Schurmann, C. (Claudia), Zhu, G. (Gu), Chakravarty, M.M. (M Mallar), Hysi, P.G. (Pirro), Wollstein, A. (Andreas), Lao Grueso, O. (Oscar), Bruijne, M. (Marleen) de, Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Lugt, A. (Aad) van der, Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Hofman, A. (Albert), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Homuth, G. (Georg), Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Daboul, A. (Amro), Puls, R. (Ralf), Hegenscheid, K. (Katrin), Bevan, L. (Liisa), Pausova, Z. (Zdenka), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Wicking, C. (Carol), Boehringer, S. (Stefan), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Paus, T. (Tomas), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Biffar, R. (Reiner), and Kayser, M.H. (Manfred)
Abstract: Inter-individual variation in facial shape is one of the most noticeable phenotypes in humans, and it is clearly under genetic regulation; however, almost nothing is known about the genetic basis of normal human facial morphology. We therefore conducted a genome-wide association study for facial shape phenotypes in multiple discovery and replication cohorts, considering almost ten thousand individuals of European descent from several countries. Phenotyping of facial shape features was based on landmark data obtained from three-dimensional head magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and two-dimensional portrait images. We identified five independent genetic loci associated with different facial phenotypes, suggesting the involvement of five candidate genes-PRDM16, PAX3, TP63, C5orf50, and COL17A1-in the determination of the human face. Three of them have been implicated previously in vertebrate craniofacial development and disease, and the remaining two genes potentially represent novel players in the molecular networks governing facial development. Our finding at PAX3 influencing the position of the nasion replicates a recent GWAS of facial features. In addition to the reported GWA findings, we established links between common DNA variants previously associated with NSCL/P at 2p21, 8q24, 13q31, and 17q22 and normal facial-shape variations based on a candidate gene approach. Overall our study implies that DNA variants in genes essential for craniofacial development contribute with relatively small effect size to the spectrum of normal variation in human facial morphology. This observation has important consequences for future studies aiming to identify more genes involved in the human facial morphology, as well as for potential applications of DNA prediction of facial shape such as in future forensic applications.
Published: 2012
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28. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality

Author: Moor, M.H.M. de, Costa Jr., P.T., Terracciano, A., Krueger, R.F., Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Toshiko, T., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Esko, T., Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela), Derringer, J., Amin, N. (Najaf), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Distel, M.A. (Marijn), Uda, M. (Manuela), Sanna, S. (Serena), Spinhoven, P., Hartman, C.A., Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), Realo, A. (Anu), Allik, J., Heath, A.C., Pergadia, M.L., Lin, P., Grucza, R., Nutile, T., Ciullo, M., Rujescu, D. (Dan), Giegling, I. (Ina), Konte, B., Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Eriksson, J.G., Palotie, A., Peltonen, L., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Tenesa, A. (Albert), Davies, G., Lopez, L.M., Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Ferrucci, L., Schlessinger, D., Montgomery, G.W., Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Aulchenko, Y.S. (Yurii), Janssens, A.C.J.W. (Cécile), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Moor, M.H.M. de, Costa Jr., P.T., Terracciano, A., Krueger, R.F., Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Toshiko, T., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Esko, T., Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela), Derringer, J., Amin, N. (Najaf), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Distel, M.A. (Marijn), Uda, M. (Manuela), Sanna, S. (Serena), Spinhoven, P., Hartman, C.A., Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), Realo, A. (Anu), Allik, J., Heath, A.C., Pergadia, M.L., Lin, P., Grucza, R., Nutile, T., Ciullo, M., Rujescu, D. (Dan), Giegling, I. (Ina), Konte, B., Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Eriksson, J.G., Palotie, A., Peltonen, L., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Tenesa, A. (Albert), Davies, G., Lopez, L.M., Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Ferrucci, L., Schlessinger, D., Montgomery, G.W., Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Aulchenko, Y.S. (Yurii), Janssens, A.C.J.W. (Cécile), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), and Agrawal, A. (Arpana)
Abstract: Personality can be thought of as a set of characteristics that influence people's thoughts, feelings and behavior across a variety of settings. Variation in personality is predictive of many outcomes in life
Published: 2012
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29. The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data

Author: Middeldorp, C.M. (Christel), Moor, M.H.M. de, McGrath, L.M., Gordon, S.D., Blackwood, D.H.R. (Douglas), Costa Jr., P.T., Terracciano, A., Krueger, R.F., Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Nyholt, D.R. (Dale), Tanaka, T., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela), Derringer, J., Amin, N. (Najaf), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Distel, M.A. (Marijn), Uda, M. (Manuela), Sanna, S. (Serena), Spinhoven, P., Hartman, C.A., Ripke, S. (Stephan), Sullivan, P.F., Realo, A. (Anu), Allik, J., Heath, A.C., Pergadia, M.L. (Michele), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Lin, P., Grucza, R., Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Eriksson, J.G., Palotie, A. (Aarno), Barnett, J.H. (Jennifer), Lee, P.H., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Tenesa, A. (Albert), Davies, G., Lopez, L.M., Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Ferrucci, L., Schlessinger, D., Montgomery, G.W., Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Janssens, A.C.J.W. (Cécile), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wray, N.R. (Naomi), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Smoller, J.W., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), Aulchenko, Y.S. (Yurii), Middeldorp, C.M. (Christel), Moor, M.H.M. de, McGrath, L.M., Gordon, S.D., Blackwood, D.H.R. (Douglas), Costa Jr., P.T., Terracciano, A., Krueger, R.F., Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Nyholt, D.R. (Dale), Tanaka, T., Esko, T. (Tõnu), Madden, P.A.F. (Pamela), Derringer, J., Amin, N. (Najaf), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Distel, M.A. (Marijn), Uda, M. (Manuela), Sanna, S. (Serena), Spinhoven, P., Hartman, C.A., Ripke, S. (Stephan), Sullivan, P.F., Realo, A. (Anu), Allik, J., Heath, A.C., Pergadia, M.L. (Michele), Agrawal, A. (Arpana), Lin, P., Grucza, R., Widen, E. (Elisabeth), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Eriksson, J.G., Palotie, A. (Aarno), Barnett, J.H. (Jennifer), Lee, P.H., Luciano, M. (Michelle), Tenesa, A. (Albert), Davies, G., Lopez, L.M., Hansell, N.K. (Narelle), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Ferrucci, L., Schlessinger, D., Montgomery, G.W., Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Janssens, A.C.J.W. (Cécile), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Wray, N.R. (Naomi), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Smoller, J.W., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo), and Aulchenko, Y.S. (Yurii)
Abstract: The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) remains controversial. Previous research has reported differences and similarities in risk factors for MDD and BD, such as predisposing personality traits. For example, high neuroticism is related to both disorders, whereas openness to experience is specific for BD. This study examined the genetic association between personality and MDD and BD by applying polygenic scores for neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness to both disorders. Polygenic scores reflect the weighted sum of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphism alleles associated with the trait for an individual and were based on a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality traits including 13 835 subjects. Polygenic scores were tested for MDD in the combined Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN-MDD) and MDD2000 samples (N=8921) and for BD in the combined Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder and Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium samples (N=6329) using logistic regression analyses. At the phenotypic level, personality dimensions were associated with MDD and BD. Polygenic neuroticism scores were significantly positively associated with MDD, whereas polygenic extraversion scores were significantly positively associated with BD. The explained variance of MDD and BD, ∼0.1%, was highly comparable to the variance explained by the polygenic personality scores in the corresponding personality traits themselves (between 0.1 and 0.4%). This indicates that the proportions of variance explained in mood disorders are at the upper limit of what could have been expected. This study suggests shared genetic risk factors for neuroticism and MDD on the one hand and for extraversion and BD on the other.
Published: 2011
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29 results on '"Wright, M.J. (Margaret)"'

1. Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

2. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

3. Cerebral small vessel disease genomics and its implications across the lifespan

4. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

5. Metabolomics reveals a link between homocysteine and lipid metabolism and leukocyte telomere length: the ENGAGE consortium

6. Genome-wide association study identifies nine novel loci for 2D:4D finger ratio, a putative retrospective biomarker of testosterone exposure in utero

7. Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function

8. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

9. Hair Cortisol in Twins: Heritability and Genetic Overlap with Psychological Variables and Stress-System Genes

10. Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

11. Heritability of the shape of subcortical brain structures in the general population

12. Subcortical brain alterations in major depressive disorder: Findings from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group

13. Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium

14. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for neuroticism, and the polygenic association with major depressive disorder

15. Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium

16. Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations

17. Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures

18. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies six novel loci associated with habitual coffee consumption

19. Novel loci affecting iron homeostasis and their effects in individuals at risk for hemochromatosis

20. Childhood intelligence is heritable, highly polygenic and associated with FNBP1L

21. Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche

22. Common genetic variants associated with cognitive performance identified using the proxy-phenotype method

23. The ENIGMA Consortium: Large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

24. Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for CREB1 SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility

25. Harmonization of neuroticism and extraversion phenotypes across inventories and cohorts in the Genetics of Personality Consortium: An application of item response theory

26. Refining genome-wide linkage intervals using a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies loci influencing personality dimensions

27. A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Five Loci Influencing Facial Morphology in Europeans

28. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality

29. The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data

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