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The spread of information on the internet is caused with little to no filters or supervision, which enables the widespread dissemination of misinformation. Due to the frequency of false content, misinformation has been treated synonymously as fake news. To mitigate the fake news problem, we have explored automatic methods to sort through the vast amount of information for its correctness. The problem occurs because fake news is fabricated deliberately to include false information, which is hard to verify. Many general-purpose classifiers rely on content to determine its reliability which unfortunately often could not be verified due to a lack of information about an incident that happens in real-time. The lack of realtime information inhibits the model's ability to produce an educated prediction. In our work, we propose a method that focuses on writing style to generalize the classifiers to maintain robust performance for previously unseen topics and unseen sources. The experiment shows that our model could improve over 5% over the BERT [1] model and over 3% over the best results on documents with unknown sources; our model establishes the best results in the condition where training data is insufficient by improving 5-8% over baseline results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decisions of the courts, especially the constitutional courts and councils, are studied in various research from different perspectives. The writing style of these decisions is one important aspect, which relates to other significant issues such as legitimacy, transparency, accountability, and oversight. Direct style is one type of writing style. The question of this paper is to examine constitutional courts and councils in terms of how they write their decisions based on a direct style. This paper addresses this issue using a descriptive-analytical and comparative method. As a result, there is currently a consensus among these institutions regarding the use of a direct writing style. More specifically, today, not only is the writing of decisions by judicial authorities in common law systems direct, but developments in this style are also underway in the judicial institutions of civil law systems, including the French Constitutional Council.

Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by ChatGPT, have significantly reshaped text generation, particularly in the realm of writing assistance. While ethical considerations underscore the importance of transparently acknowledging LLM use, especially in scientific communication, genuine acknowledgment remains infrequent. A potential avenue to encourage accurate acknowledging of LLM-assisted writing involves employing automated detectors. Our evaluation of four cutting-edge LLM-generated text detectors reveals their suboptimal performance compared to a simple ad-hoc detector designed to identify abrupt writing style changes around the time of LLM proliferation. We contend that the development of specialized detectors exclusively dedicated to LLM-assisted writing detection is necessary. Such detectors could play a crucial role in fostering more authentic recognition of LLM involvement in scientific communication, addressing the current challenges in acknowledgment practices.

Objective Methods Results Conclusion There are no criteria for what type of manuscript and to what extent ChatGPT use is permissible in writing manuscripts. I aimed to determine which, human or ChatGPT, writes more readable letters to the editor and whether ChatGPT writes letters mimicking a certain person. I aimed to provide hints as to what makes the difference between humans and ChatGPT.This is a descriptive pilot study. I tasked ChatGPT (version 3.5) with generating a disagreement letter to my previous article (Letter 0). I wrote a letter involving three weaknesses of the addressed article (Letter 1). I provided ChatGPT with these three weaknesses and tasked it with generating a letter (Letter 2). Then, I supplied my authored letters and tasked ChatGPT with emulating my writing style (Letter 3). Eight professors evaluated the letters' readability and ChatGPT assessed which letter was more likely to be accepted.ChatGPT produced coherent letters (Letters 0 and 2). Professors rated the readability of Letters 1 and 2 similarly, finding Letter 3 less readable. ChatGPT determined that the human‐authored Letter 1 had a slightly higher acceptance likelihood than the ChatGPT‐generated Letter 2. Although ChatGPT identified personal writing styles, its mimicry did not enhance the letter's quality.This preliminary experiment indicates that human‐written letters are perceived to be as readable as, or no less readable than, ChatGPT‐generated ones. It suggests that human touch, with its inherent enthusiasm, is essential for effective letter writing. Further comprehensive investigations are warranted to ascertain the extent to which ChatGPT can be used in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of online listing portals helps improve search efficiency in real estate markets. Unlike the traditional channel, buyers could search more properties and find ones with characteristics that were closer to their preferences via the online channel. Using the merged data sets containing online listings and transactions in the private residential property markets in Singapore, we found that real estate agents sell houses for an average premium of 4.21% using online listings relative to other agents using the traditional listing channel. The models use the propensity score matching approach to remove compositional differences in the samples and include property and spatial attributes in the controls, as well as the fixed effects on the agency, planning sector, and month‐year. Using only the matched online listing‐transaction samples, we found that exclusive listings, using more words and numeric in listing content, making listing descriptions easy to read, and selecting multiple listing portals are online listing strategies that enable real estate agents to sell houses faster and above the asking prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research publication is often challenging for prospective authors but necessary for them to introduce their research, contribute to the conversation in their field, and advance their field of study. In this article, editors of Defense Acquisition Research Journal (ARJ) offer advice to defense acquisition professionals aspiring to publish in Defense ARJ and point out some caveats in the research publishing process. The editors also explain what kind of articles the journal publishes and summarize how to produce a strong submission. This article discusses Defense ARJ’s guidelines for contributors in more detail, explains the structure and style submissions should follow, and explains the peer review process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive use of AI-generated texts culminated recently after the advent of large language models. Although the use of AI text generators, such as ChatGPT, is beneficial, it also threatens the academic level as students may resort to it. In this work, we propose a technique leveraging the intrinsic stylometric features of documents to detect ChatGPT-based plagiarism. The stylometric features were normalized and fed to classical classifiers, such as k-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes, as well as ensemble classifiers, such as XGBoost and Stacking. A thorough examination of the classifier was conducted by using Cross-Fold validation, hyperparameters tuning, and multiple training iterations. The results show the efficacy of both classical and ensemble learning classifiers in distinguishing between human and ChatGPT writing styles with a noteworthy performance of XGBoost where 100 % was achieved for accuracy, recall, and precision metrics. Moreover, the proposed XGBoost classifier outperformed the state-of-the-art result on the same dataset and same classifier highlighting the superiority of the proposed feature style extraction method over TF-IDF techniques. The ensemble learning classifiers were also applied to the generated dataset with mixed texts, where paragraphs are written by ChatGPT and humans. The results show that 98 % of the documents were classified correctly as either mixed or human. The last contribution consists in the authorship attribution of the paragraphs of a single document where the accuracy reached 92.3 %.

I offer reflections on the late Charles Bosk's book proposal as a trade book, focusing specifically on different genres in nonfiction trade publishing, and the different approaches to evidence in sociology and journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I offer reflections on the late Charles Bosk's book proposal as a trade book, focusing specifically on different genres in nonfiction trade publishing, and the different approaches to evidence in sociology and journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the Internet and social media, the harm caused by rumors has become more and more serious. Existing rumor detection methods focus on determining rumors by capturing their unusual textual content or communication structure, but fewer methods focus on the writing style of rumors. In order to identify rumors more effectively, we design and implement a multi-task rumor detection model with the hierarchical attention mechanism based on writing styles inspired by multi-task learning in this paper. The model combines a content-based rumor detection task and a writing style-based rumor detection task in a multi-task format, so that the two tasks can enhance their respective detection effects by interacting with each other during the model training process. In addition, we also use the hierarchical attention mechanism consisting of a word attention mechanism and a sentence attention mechanism to focus on words and posts that are more useful for rumor detection, which can reduce the interference of noise and further improve the detection accuracy. The experimental results of our model on the publicly available English Pheme dataset and Chinese Weibo dataset show that our model outperforms most of the existing better rumor detection methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A longstanding debate in American judicial politics concerns whether the US Supreme Court anticipates or responds to the possibility that Congress will override its decisions. A recent theory proposes that opinions that are relatively hard to read are more costly for Congress to review, and that as a result, the Court can decrease the likelihood of override from a hostile Congress by obfuscating its opinions (i.e., writing opinions that are less readable when congressional review is a threat). I derive a straightforward but novel empirical implication of this theory; I then show that the implication does not in fact hold. This casts serious doubt on the claim that justices strategically obfuscate opinion language to avoid congressional override. I also discuss sentence tokenization as a source of measurement error in readability statistics for judicial opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a statistical approach to model handwriting that accommodates all styles of writing (cursive, print, connected print). The goal is to compute a posterior probability of writership of a questioned document given a closed set of candidate writers. Such probabilistic statements can support examiner conclusions and enable a quantitative forensic evaluation of handwritten documents. Writing is treated as a sequence of disjoint graphical structures, which are extracted using an automated and open‐source process. The graphs are grouped based on the similarity of their shapes through a K‐means clustering template. A person's writing pattern can be characterized by the rate at which graphs are emitted to each cluster. The cluster memberships serve as data for a Bayesian hierarchical model with a mixture component. The rate of mixing between two parameters in the hierarchy indicates writing style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a new research term, namely “self-rewriting,” created with reference to Michel Foucault’s concept, which reveals the narcissistic and transgressive aspect of the culture of the self. It becomes a tool for analyzing the author’s shaping-style processes and his/her work on the self. The article analyses the transformation of Ewa Kuryluk’s writing style in the period 1970–2005. The research was based on a comparison of two editions of two essayistic books, that is Wiedeńska Apokalipsa (Viennese Apocalypse; 1974; 1999) and Podróży do granic sztuki (The Journey to the Limits of Art; 1982; 2005), whose second editions were broadly edited by the author. “Self-rewriting” reveals the mark left on Kuryluk’s style by the experience of emigration, the need to adapt to foreign languages, the knowledge of her mother’s Jewish identity, and the technological revolution, namely the replacement of a typewriter with a computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent literature on writing style in US Supreme Court opinions has focused on style as a means of furthering justices' policy goals. In particular, an opinion's clarity is proposed to make the implementation of the announced policy more likely. We give a formal argument that the observed distribution of opinion clarity is not easily reconcilable with justices who are striving to write clearly in service of policy implementation-related goals; this is true even if there are case-level costs that sometimes make writing clearly more difficult. We propose that justices having aesthetic preferences – essentially, stylistic preferences over opinion language that are unrelated to policy implementation – that they weight heavily could explain the observed distribution of opinion clarity. Our analysis of some 4,500 majority opinions 1955–2008 is largely consistent with our theoretical argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls" is essential to reduce gender disparity and improve the status of women. But it remains a challenge to narrow gender differences and improve gender equality in academic research. In this paper, we propose that the impact of articles is lower and writing style of articles is less positive when the article's first author is female relative to male first authors, and writing style mediates this relationship. Focusing on the positive writing style, we attempt to contribute and explain the research on gender differences in research performance. We use BERT-based textual sentiment analysis to analyse 87 years of 9820 articles published in the top four marketing journals and prove our hypotheses. We also consider a set of control variables and conduct a set of robustness checks to ensure the robustness of our findings. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings for researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Persian writing has some difficulties that neglecting can affect information retrieval. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Persian writing problems on the retrieval of documents on the (GANJ) database based on morphological, semantical, and orthographical aspects.Methods: This research is a practical-purpose study that was conducted in a qualitative manner using content analysis techniques. The used method was a researcher-made checklist. The research population was all the records recorded in the GANJ until the time of the survey. Sampling was done by standard sampling. In the category of conjugational problems, the impact of these problems on the retrieval of documents in the database was examined.Results: In the semantic problem category, the effects of semantic ambiguity or semantic differences on the information retrieval of documents were examined. This case was done in the category of orthography problems to determine difficulties arising from morphological and written features of Persian writing.Conclusions: According to the data obtained from searching for keywords related to each difficulty in the Ganj, it was observed that inconsistencies in the text affect the retrieval result.The results of the present study showed that morphological, semantic, and orthographical problems affect the information retrieval results in the database. It was also found that in the morphological group only for the "adjective morphological morphemes", and in the orthography group, for the problems of "accent mark", "ی and ء transposition in Persian words", "writing of middle and end ء (tittle) with الف seat", "writing of middle and end ء (tittle) with واو seat", "remove or writing tilde Mark" and "writing of consonantal ی after inarticulate ه" have been deliberated and difficulties in the semantic group were completely neglected. Since Ganj is the basis of other Irandoc databases, regardless of morphological, semantic, and calligraphic problems can affect the work of other systems as well.

Linguistic theories and research indicate that unconscious processes should influence the content, but moreover also the way how things are expressed. As the first is well researched and the second is almost neglected, I want to assess how the writing style of a person is related to the implicit achievement motive and its two components hope of success (HS) and fear of failure (FF). Therefore, thematic apperception test/picture story exercise responses of 2942 persons were analyzed regarding the three writing style features (1) syntax, (2) nominal/verbal writing, and (3) function words. According to the assumptions, the results of two independent measures (Stanford Parser and LIWC) show that a verbal fluent writing style with simple syntax is associated with HS, whereby FF-motivated people show nominal writing with interjections, conjunctions, and complex punctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the given paper is to analyze a number of important parallels between the short stories of Ernest Hemingway and Guram Rcheulishvili, and to study how certain features of Hemingway's writing style were reflected in the short fiction of the young Georgian writer, in whose work these features were creatively interpreted within the context of the Georgian literary tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this research, we chose the series of Beatrix Potter in English languages. Then the obtained data studied in three parts of the style of writing, the semiotics of fantasy characters, and in terms of social concepts such as power, gender, and collaboration. This research is descriptive research based on the library method. Fantasy is a ction about a topic in the past or an event in the future that is now untrue, but relying on individual knowledge and imagination. Fantasy literature, as it stands today, was created in Europe in the eighteenth century, although its elements exist in myths and ancient myths. Beatrix Potter (1866-1943) grew up in London is the most acclaimed Baby Writer. She was an English writer, illustrator, natural scientist, and conservationist best known for her children’s books featuring animals. She is well-known as the author of children’s books such as The Tale of Peter Rabbit. She wrote 23 books altogether, the most famous of which was “the Tale of Peter Rabbit “, which translated into 35 languages and printed 151 million copies in the world. Keywords: characterization, fantasy literature, story, Beatrix Potter, phantom fantasy, realistic fantasy, writing style Abstrak Dalam penelitian ini, dipilih seri Beatrix Potter dalam bahasa Inggris. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis dalam tiga bagian: gaya penulisan, semiotika karakter fantasi, dan ditinjau dari konsep sosial, seperti kekuasaan, jenis kelamin, dan kolaborasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif berdasarkan metode kepustakaan. Fantasi adalah ksi tentang suatu topik di masa lalu atau peristiwa di masa depan yang sekarang tidak benar, tetapi mengandalkan pengetahuan dan imajinasi individu. Sastra fantasi, seperti yang ada saat ini, diciptakan di Eropa pada abad kedelapan belas, meskipun unsur-unsurnya ada dalam mitos dan mitos kuno. Beatrix Potter (1866-1943) besar di London adalah Penulis Bayi, ilustrator, ilmuwan alam, dan konservasionis yang terkenal karena buku anak-anaknya yang menampilkan hewan. Karyanya yang terkenal adalah buku anak-anak, seperti The Tale of Peter Rabbit. Kata kunci: penokohan, sastra fantasi, cerita, Beatrix Potter, fantasi hantu, fantasi realistik, gaya menulis

An abstract is perhaps the most important single paragraph in a manuscript since it is used for reference purposes in different scientific databases. There are three major scientific writing styles (APA Style, Chicago Style, Harvard Style) providing different guidelines for creating an abstract. Purpose: The aim of this research was to find out whether there was some dependence between the category of the journals, the country of origin, and the coverage (number of years of publication) and the type of abstracts submitted. Methods: We carried out our investigation through synthesis of data retrieved from scimagojr.com and made an analysis based on the top world-famous 50 sports journals with the highest impact factor for 2018. Results: There were no statistically significant differences and correlations between the researched parameters (type of abstract and the category of journals: 2=1.94; =0.47; C=0.17; type of abstract and the country of origin: 2=3.16; =0.53; C=0.24; type of abstract and coverage: 2=1.81; =0.61; C=0.19). Conclusions: We can assume that there are no obvious criteria for adopting a particular scientific writing style and each journal has their own traditions and favored approach. However, certain differences were outlined.

Objectives: Persian writing has some difficulties that neglecting can affect information retrieval. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Persian writing problems on the retrieval of documents on the (GANJ) database based on morphological, semantical, and orthographical aspects. Methods: This research is a practical-purpose study that was conducted in a qualitative manner using content analysis techniques. The used method was a researcher-made checklist. The research population was all the records recorded in the GANJ until the time of the survey. Sampling was done by standard sampling. In the category of conjugational problems, the impact of these problems on the retrieval of documents in the database was examined. Results: In the semantic problem category, the effects of semantic ambiguity or semantic differences on the information retrieval of documents were examined. This case was done in the category of orthography problems to determine difficulties arising from morphological and written features of Persian writing. Conclusions: According to the data obtained from searching for keywords related to each difficulty in the Ganj, it was observed that inconsistencies in the text affect the retrieval result. The results of the present study showed that morphological, semantic, and orthographical problems affect the information retrieval results in the database. It was also found that in the morphological group only for the "adjective morphological morphemes", and in the orthography group, for the problems of "accent mark", "ی and ء transposition in Persian words", "writing of middle and end ء (tittle) with الف seat", "writing of middle and end ء (tittle) with واو seat", "remove or writing tilde Mark" and "writing of consonantal ی after inarticulate ه" have been deliberated and difficulties in the semantic group were completely neglected. Since Ganj is the basis of other Irandoc databases, regardless of morphological, semantic, and calligraphic problems can affect the work of other systems as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a comparison between the writing styles of Lucius Annaeus Seneca and Michel de Montaigne. Montaigne is influenced by the writing style of the Moral Epistles, which will be a fundamental source for the development of his Essays. From Seneca, Montaigne carries out a poetics based on the honesty; this is related with a textual construction of the subject. Following Foucault, the development of the subject by this narrative style is analyzed. This explains the origin of a contemporary genre such as the Literature of the Self. In this line, one ends up analyzing the influence of senecan style, through Montaigne, in some of the most relevant authors of the autobiographical genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem under study is up-to-date as it is necessary to research culture and literature of small-numbered people, stylistics and worldview that the authors representing small-numbered people demonstrate in their works. Literary scholars, working in the sphere of Ugric studies, tried to study literary techniques of Ye.D. Aipin, but his works have not been described from the point of view of Cognitive Linguistics, nonconventional metaphors used in his historical novels have not been studied yet. This paper studies Aipin's style and metaphors, characteristic of his historical novels. The objects of the research are anthropomorphic, sociomorphic, artifactual metaphors and metaphors of nature used by Yeremey Aipin in his books (Mother of God in Bloody Red Snows, By the Fading Fire, the Khanty, or the Morning Star). The objective is to study anthropomorphic, sociomorphic, artifactual metaphors and metaphors of nature used by Yeremey Aipin, describe the main ideas of the Ostyaks' worldview, conceptual domains transmitted through metaphors mentioned above, the formulas of Aipin's metaphoric variations. The following methods were used in the article: the method of semantic definition, the method of observing linguistic phenomena, the descriptive method, the elements of interpretation, contextual analysis, the quantitative statistical analysis. Theoretical studies in Cognitive Linguistics make a foundation for the research, which helps to analyze the author's style and works in a more complex way. The research gives a systematic quantitative analysis of metaphors. The materials and results can be used in the sphere of Ugric studies (literary and cultural) and Cognitive Stylistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research deals with the phenomenon of literary annotations. It focuses on the concept of the term and its scientific value going all the way back to the emergence stages of these annotations in the Arab Mashriq (Middle East) and Arab Maghreb (Northwest Africa). This research also refers to the historical development of this writing style over the centuries by citing works in this regard and determining the most important texts with the highest share of annotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stylistic changes in academic psychology writing were examined in a corpus of 790,520 psychology journal article abstracts published between 1970 and 2016. We anticipated that changing linguistic norms of scientific writing and rising pressures to publish and promote research findings would be evident in increasing levels of personal pronoun use and expressive confidence ("clout") over the study period. These predictions were tested using indices generated by Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software. Consistent with expectations, personal pronouns (especially first-person plural) became markedly more common over time, as did average levels of clout. Indices of analytical thinking, authenticity, and emotional tone did not show comparable shifts, suggesting that the primary changes are relatively circumscribed. Implications of these changes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive use of AI-generated texts culminated recently after the advent of large language models. Although the use of AI text generators, such as ChatGPT, is beneficial, it also threatens the academic level as students may resort to it. In this work, we propose a technique leveraging the intrinsic stylometric features of documents to detect ChatGPT-based plagiarism. The stylometric features were normalized and fed to classical classifiers, such as k-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes, as well as ensemble classifiers, such as XGBoost and Stacking. A thorough examination of the classifier was conducted by using Cross-Fold validation, hyperparameters tuning, and multiple training iterations. The results show the efficacy of both classical and ensemble learning classifiers in distinguishing between human and ChatGPT writing styles with a noteworthy performance of XGBoost where 100 % was achieved for accuracy, recall, and precision metrics. Moreover, the proposed XGBoost classifier outperformed the state-of-the-art result on the same dataset and same classifier highlighting the superiority of the proposed feature style extraction method over TF-IDF techniques. The ensemble learning classifiers were also applied to the generated dataset with mixed texts, where paragraphs are written by ChatGPT and humans. The results show that 98 % of the documents were classified correctly as either mixed or human. The last contribution consists in the authorship attribution of the paragraphs of a single document where the accuracy reached 92.3 %., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Rumor is a collective attempt to interpret a vague but attractive situation by using the power of words. In social networks, false-rumors may have significantly different contextual characteristics from true-rumors at lexical, syntactic, semantic levels. Therefore, this study presents the BERT-SAWS semi-supervised learning model for early verification of Persian rumor by investigating content-based and context features at three views: Contextual Word Embeddings (CWE), speech act, and Writing Style (WS). This model is built by loading pre-trained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) as an unsupervised language representation, fine-tuning it using a small Persian rumor dataset, and combining with a supervised learning model to provide an enriched text representation of the content of the rumor. This text representation enables the model to have a better comprehending of the rumor language to verify rumors better than baseline models for two reasons: (i) early rumor verification by focusing on content-based and context-based features of the source rumor. (ii) overcoming the problem of the shortcoming of the dataset in deep neural networks by loading pre-trained BERT, fine-tuning it using the Persian rumor dataset, and combining with speech act and WS-based features. The empirical results of applying the model on Twitter and Telegram datasets demonstrated that BERT-SAWS can enhance the performance of the classifier from 2% to 18%. It indicates that speech act and WS alongside semantic contextual vectors are helpful features in the rumor verification task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For service researchers, contributing to academic advancement through academic publications is a raison d'être. Moreover, demand is increasing for service researchers to make a difference beyond academia. Thus, service researchers face the formidable challenge of writing in a manner that resonates with not just service academics but also practitioners, policy makers, and other stakeholders. In this article, the authors examine how service research articles' lexical variations might influence their academic citations and public media coverage. Drawing on the complete corpus of Journal of Service Research (JSR) articles published between 1998 and 2020, they use text analytics and thereby determine that variations in language intensity, immediacy, and diversity relate to article impact. The appropriate use of these lexical variants and other stylistic conventions depends on the audience (academic or the public), the subsection of this article in which they appear (e.g., introduction, implications), and article innovativeness. This article concludes with an actionable "how-to" guide for ways to increase article impacts in relation to different JSR audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research dwells upon prominent Russian writer Alexander Pushkin’s poetry in light of translation. More specifically, one of Pushkin’s most famous poems – “Winter Evening” has been selected to be analyzed with regard to its translation in Armenian and English. This study aims to reveal the major challenges that the translators have faced while rendering the poem from Russian into Armenian and English as well as to disclose the discrepancies that exist between the original and the translated texts. Also, an attempt will be made to identify the major lexical, grammatical, stylistic and syntactic shifts that have occurred in the translation process in order to assess the degree of translation accuracy and pinpoint whether or not the translated texts impact the target-language readers to the same extent as the original.

Writing style plays a role in publication venue recommendation. However, such finding should be observed further; it is concluded from an arbitrary dataset which contains various topics and writing quality. This paper aims to observe that style's impact in a more controlled environment. A dataset with the same specific topic and writing quality was used and analysed. In our case, the dataset is comprised of papers published on reputable software engineering publication venues with natural language generation as the specific topic. According to our observation, writing style only affects significantly on paper title wherein the impact is proportional to n in n-gram. Moreover, the style’s impact becomes more salient when the venues are grouped per publisher or only a specific publication type is considered.

This study was aimed to discover the types of processes used and how they influence the author’s writing style in Oscar Wilde’s short story entitled “The Happy Prince”. The methodology used in this study was descriptive-qualitative so the analysis was presented in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and utterances. The study focused on discourse analysis employing ideational function approach, which analyzed the short story from the point of view of linguistics especially Transitivity, a theory developed by M. A. K. Halliday. As a result, there were seven types of processes found in the story namely material, mental, behavioral, verbal, relational, existential, and meteorological. The results of the study showed that material process was the most frequently used process (37%) conducted by the author. Yet, the six others were each employed for about 1% - 25%. This indicated that the use of the type of process influenced the writing style of the author in constructing the story where the different process emphasized different portrayal. The use of material process as the most dominant process might reflect the author’s eagerness to do what he cannot do in his real life. However, it was also supported by the author’s previous career and achievement as a journalist, editor, and critic before he wrote the story. Ultimately, the researcher found that Oscar Wilde’s writing style incorporates the vivid descriptions, aesthetic appearance, conversational style, repetitive pattern, simple and clear language.

"Dor-Sokhan"is a newly-found work of the ancient Persian texts. This work belongs to a period between 1350 -1371 written Aboalfatouh Habbatolh Al- Hamouei. This article is written in one abstract and nine sections including: an introduction about this work and similar ones written by Saadi; the history of Dor-Sokhan; presenting the name of the author and his background; introducing the name of the book; presenting information about the content of the book; listing the 21 chapters presented in the book; describing its written and orthographical features; and concluding remarks with respect to this book. The book is among the most valuable Persian texts and has proverbs written in verse and in prose by its writer. Introducing this book, considering literary, scientific and ethical aspects, is necessary. Moreover, the book belongs to the eight century AH and has not been well-known yet.

Copyright of Esferas is the property of Esferas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)