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The theoretical framework of the paper combines the notions of school disengagement and educational trajectories. Our current research has demonstrated that several trajectories of school disengagement can be distinguished: "unanticipated crisis, parabola, downward spiral, boomerang, resilient route, shading out." The text focuses on two trajectory types -- the parabola, when youngsters facing increasing school disengagement are provided with substantial support and their trajectory changes its direction, and the downward spiral, which despite the support leads to further school disengagement and school leaving. Analysing the educational biographies of students from secondary schools in Warsaw, we focus on their perceptions of the support provided by different formal and informal sources. Investigating the protective factors and successful interventions might thus be useful in fostering the educational success of youth at risk. An analysis of the trajectories might be treated as guidance as to how to offset the negative impact of social and educational inequalities and hence to reverse the negative direction in one's educational trajectory. The text is based on qualitative analysis of data obtained within an international research project: individual semi-structured interviews with Polish students at risk of early school leaving and youngsters who left school early.

Radiotherapy (RT) may have a cardiotoxic effect on the heart and cardiovascular system. Postulated mechanisms mediating these complications include vascular endothelium damage and myocardial fibrosis. The aim of our study was to assess endothelial damage and myocardial fibrosis in the early period after RT on the basis of cardiac biomarkers and in relation to the radiation dose applied to individual heart structures in patients treated for non-small-cell lung cancer. This single-center prospective study included consecutive patients with lung cancer (LC) who were referred for treatment with radiochemotherapy (study group) or chemotherapy (control group). The study protocol included performing an echocardiographic examination, a standard ECG examination, and collecting blood samples for laboratory tests before starting treatment for lung cancer in the first week after completing RT (after four cycles of chemotherapy in the control group) and after 12 weeks from the end of treatment. The study included 23 patients in the study group and 20 patients in the control group. Compared to the baseline values, there was a significant increase in total cholesterol concentration in the study group immediately after the end of RT, which persisted for three months after the end of therapy. After taking into account the use of statins in the analysis, it was found that an increase in total cholesterol concentration after oncological treatment was observed only among patients who did not use statins. Taking into account the assessment of myocardial fibrosis markers, there were no significant changes in the concentration of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) in the study group. In patients treated with radiochemotherapy, there was a significant increase in the concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) immediately after RT, when compared to the baseline. After taking into account the use of statins, an increase in ICAM-1 concentration immediately after RT was observed only in patients who did not use statins. There was also a significant correlation between the radiation dose received by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and left circumferential coronary artery, and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) concentration measured at three months after the end of RT. Immediately after completion of radiotherapy, a significant increase in the level of ICAM-1 is observed indicating endothelial damage. The radiation dose to coronary arteries should be minimized, as it correlates with the concentration of VCAM-1. The use of statins may prevent the increase in total cholesterol and ICAM-1 concentration after irradiation for lung cancer; however, further studies designed for this specific purpose are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of statins in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The south Florida subspecies of the Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus extimus) is distinctly paler and smaller than other subspecies, reproduces at a lower rate, and can occupy very different habitats such as open marshes and grasslands with only scattered trees. We evaluated population differentiation between the south Florida population of Red-shouldered Hawks and two populations of eastern Red-shouldered Hawks (B. l. lineatus) in suburban (Cincinnati) and rural (Hocking Hills) environments in southern Ohio. Based on analysis of 11 microsatellite loci, we found significant genetic differentiation between the south Florida and eastern populations (FST = 0.077–0.097), as well as significant differentiation between the two populations of the eastern subspecies (FST = 0.047). Standardized genetic distance principal components analysis indicated two clusters, with individuals from the two Ohio populations forming a single cluster and those from Florida forming a second cluster. The substantial differences between the south Florida and other subspecies suggest this population warrants attention and possibly management as a distinct conservation unit, particularly in light of possible threats including habitat loss and rodenticide exposure. La subespecie del sur de Florida Buteo lineatus extimus es claramente más pálida y más pequeña que otras subespecies, se reproduce a un ritmo menor y puede ocupar hábitats muy diferentes, como marismas abiertas y pastizales con solo árboles dispersos. Evaluamos la diferenciación poblacional entre la población de B. l. extimus del sur de Florida y dos poblaciones orientales de B. l. lineatus de ambientes suburbanos (Cincinnati) y rurales (Hocking Hills) en el sur de Ohio. Con base en el análisis de 11 loci de microsatélites, encontramos una diferenciación genética significativa entre las poblaciones del sur de Florida y las orientales (FST = 0.077–0.097), así como una diferenciación significativa entre las dos poblaciones de la subespecie oriental (FST = 0.047). El análisis estandarizado de componentes principales de la distancia genética mostró dos grupos, con individuos de las dos poblaciones de Ohio formando un solo grupo y aquellos de Florida formando un segundo grupo. Las diferencias sustanciales entre el sur de Florida y otras subespecies sugieren que esta población merece atención y posiblemente manejo como una unidad de conservación distinta, particularmente a la luz de las posibles amenazas que incluyen la pérdida de hábitat y la exposición a rodenticidas. [Traducción del equipo editorial] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The south Florida subspecies of the Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus extimus) is distinctly paler and smaller than other subspecies, reproduces at a lower rate, and can occupy very different habitats such as open marshes and grasslands with only scattered trees. We evaluated population differentiation between the south Florida population of Red-shouldered Hawks and two populations of eastern Red-shouldered Hawks (B. l. lineatus) in suburban (Cincinnati) and rural (Hocking Hills) environments in southern Ohio. Based on analysis of 11 microsatellite loci, we found significant genetic differentiation between the south Florida and eastern populations (FST = 0.077–0.097), as well as significant differentiation between the two populations of the eastern subspecies (FST = 0.047). Standardized genetic distance principal components analysis indicated two clusters, with individuals from the two Ohio populations forming a single cluster and those from Florida forming a second cluster. The substantial differences between the south Florida and other subspecies suggest this population warrants attention and possibly management as a distinct conservation unit, particularly in light of possible threats including habitat loss and rodenticide exposure. La subespecie del sur de Florida Buteo lineatus extimus es claramente más pálida y más pequeña que otras subespecies, se reproduce a un ritmo menor y puede ocupar hábitats muy diferentes, como marismas abiertas y pastizales con solo árboles dispersos. Evaluamos la diferenciación poblacional entre la población de B. l. extimus del sur de Florida y dos poblaciones orientales de B. l. lineatus de ambientes suburbanos (Cincinnati) y rurales (Hocking Hills) en el sur de Ohio. Con base en el análisis de 11 loci de microsatélites, encontramos una diferenciación genética significativa entre las poblaciones del sur de Florida y las orientales (FST = 0.077–0.097), así como una diferenciación significativa entre las dos poblaciones de la subespecie oriental (FST = 0.047). El análisis estandarizado de componentes principales de la distancia genética mostró dos grupos, con individuos de las dos poblaciones de Ohio formando un solo grupo y aquellos de Florida formando un segundo grupo. Las diferencias sustanciales entre el sur de Florida y otras subespecies sugieren que esta población merece atención y posiblemente manejo como una unidad de conservación distinta, particularmente a la luz de las posibles amenazas que incluyen la pérdida de hábitat y la exposición a rodenticidas. [Traducción del equipo editorial] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up to 2% of pregnancies may be extrauterine. Despite reproductive problems, they might increase the risk of serious complications. We present a case report of a 31-year-old woman with two extrauterine pregnancies -- tubal and ovarian, which occurred at the same side with little time difference. In addition, we aimed to examine possible reasons underlying this rare pathology. Thus, surgically removed tissue specimens were morphologically assessed and further compared with specimens from healthy control patients. Telocytes were analysed in detail due to their pivotal role in the female reproductive system. Our study had observational character and obvious limitations typical for a clinical case. Yet, such a clinical case of two ectopic pregnancies has not been previously reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]