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In this paper, Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (L. rhinocerotis) cultivated in rice medium (LRR) and in sawdust medium (LRS) was harvested. Then, in terms of the LRR, LRS, and wild L. rhinocerotis (LRW), the total flavonoid contents, total polyphenol contents, total polysaccharide contents, and metabolites were detected; antioxidants of their aqueous extracts and anti-inflammatory of their polysaccharides were performed. In addition, the possible mechanism of the polysaccharides of L. rhinocerotis inhibiting lung damage was elucidated. The results showed that 32 compounds were characterized in L. rhinocerotis, including flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, and steroids and there were 20 compounds in cultivated and wild L. rhinocerotis; LRR has the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as ABTS and DPPH scavenging capacity. The total polysaccharide contents and the FRAP scavenging capacity of wild L. rhinocerotis were higher than those of cultivated L. rhinocerotis. The inhibition of polysaccharides of LRW (PLRW) on LPS-induced MRC-5 damage was stronger than that of the polysaccharides from cultivated L. rhinocerotis. The PLRW may alleviate lung damage by inhibiting the NLRP3 pathway and thereby suppressing the inflammatory response. In summary, both cultivated and wild L. rhinocerotis are abundant in bioactive components and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathologic cardiac hypertrophy (PCH) is a precursor to heart failure. Amydrium sinense (Engl.) H. Li (AS), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been extensively utilized to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of ASWE on PCH and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. A cardiac hypertrophy model was established by treating C57BL/6 J mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) in vitro with isoprenaline (ISO) in this study. The antihypertrophic effects of AS water extract (ASWE) on cardiac function, histopathologic manifestations, cell surface area and expression levels of hypertrophic biomarkers were examined. Subsequently, the impact of ASWE on inflammatory factors, p65 nuclear translocation and NF-κB activation was investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we observed that oral administration of ASWE effectively improved ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice, as evidenced by histopathological manifestations and the expression levels of hypertrophic markers. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments demonstrated that ASWE treatment inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and suppressed inflammation response in ISO-treated NRCMs. Mechanically, our findings provided evidence that ASWE suppressed inflammation response by repressing p65 nuclear translocation and NF-κB activation. ASWE was found to possess the capability of inhibiting inflammation response and cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO. To sum up, ASWE treatment was shown to attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting cardiac inflammation via preventing the activation of the NF-kB signaling pathway. These findings provided scientific evidence for the development of ASWE as a novel therapeutic drug for PCH treatment. • ASWE ameliorated ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. • ASWE attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ISO in NRCMs. • ASWE inhibited inflammation response in vitro and in vivo. • ASWE prevented cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stahlianthus involucratus (S. involucratus) has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities; however, there are no literature reports on its antioxidant capacity. This study presents a comparative assessment of the polyphenols contents, flavonoids contents, and antioxidant activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts of S. involucratus (ASI and MSI). Moreover, the expression of oxidative stress-related genes in H2O2-induced H9c2 cells pretreated with the MSI was measured by RT-qPCR, and furthermore, MSI were characterized by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS. The results indicated that the MSI had higher antioxidant contents and antioxidant capacity, and MSI could inhibit H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS characterized 15 phenolic compounds from the MSI. In conclusion, S. involucratus has the potential antioxidant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug delivery systems have emerged as a prominent research focus in the field of drug development, offering enhanced stability and improved bioavailability. Among them, protein (silk, gelatin and whey) or polysaccharide (alginate, chitosan, cellulose, starch, pectin and carrageenan) aerogels derived from natural sources have gained increasing popularity due to their unique advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, flexible preparation, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, despite their growing significance, there remains a lack of comprehensive information and ongoing confusion regarding the application of protein/polysaccharide aerogels in drug delivery system. Hence, the objective of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in protein/polysaccharide aerogels for drug delivery systems from the perspective of aerogels category, synthesis strategy, drug-loading method, performance characteristic and release mechanism. Furthermore, by consolidating the existing information, we aimed to present our own perspectives and insights on the future development of protein/polysaccharide aerogels in drug delivery system. In conclusion, this comprehensive review served as a valuable resource for researchers and scholars, addressing the current gaps in knowledge and clarifying the complex landscape of protein/polysaccharide aerogels in drug delivery system. [Display omitted] • Protein/polysaccharide aerogels are promising drug delivery carriers. • Protein/polysaccharide aerogels have advantages of wide source and bioactivities. • The research of protein/polysaccharide aerogels as drug carrier was reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaloids are the most medicinally valuable ingredients in plant crop Coptis chinensis (C. chinensis). However, the separation of these small-molecule compounds is challenging because C. chinensis also contains a lot of impurities such as proteins and saccharides. Adsorption separation stands out in the field of biological separation by virtue of its efficiency and greenness. Here, this paper aimed to selectively separate the total alkaloids during extraction of C. chinensis by resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogel based on electrostatic interaction and size-sieving effect. First, RF aerogels with different surface area (40.6–674.9 m2/g) and pore size (2–25 nm approximately) were synthesized by adjusting the ratio of catalyst (C). The results of static adsorption showed that the optimum alkaloids selective separation was achieved at R/C of 10/1: alkaloids adsorption capacity (Q e), protein retention ratio (Pr), saccharides retention ratio (Sr) and the coefficient of selectivity were 487.93 mg/g, 87.40 %, 95.90 % and 2.23, respectively. Methanol containing 1 % hydrochloric acid was considered as the most suitable eluent with the desorption efficiency of 95.88 %. In addition, the adsorption process conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics, intra-particle diffusion and Langmuir isotherm models, and was a spontaneous endothermic process. It was found from the dynamic adsorption experiment that the dynamic adsorption capacity was 497.81 mg/g, and the purity of total alkaloids increased from 39.19 % to 90.22 %. Compared with resin adsorption and salt precipitation method, RF aerogel separation could more efficiently separate the alkaloids from C. chinensis (the total alkaloids yield of 57.40 mg/g C. chinensis). In addition, the alkaloids separated by RF aerogel had better antioxidant and antibacterial activities than that separated by salt precipitation method. In summary, RF aerogel separation was potential as an efficient and green method for the separation of total alkaloids from C. chinensis. [Display omitted] • Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogels with controlled pore size were synthesized. • RF aerogel was used to efficiently, greenly separate total alkaloids in C. chinensis. • The adsorption capacity and purity of total alkaloids reached 487.93 mg/g and 90.22 %. • Alkaloids adsorption on RF aerogel was result of electrostatic and size sieve effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]