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Saccharicoccus chinensis Zhang, Wu & Wu sp. n. (Figs 1, 2, 3) Material examined. Holotype. Adult female (mounted singly on a slide), CHINA: Guizhou, Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, Libo County, Guizhou Maolan National Nature Reserve [N 25�� 19���, E 107�� 56���], on Miscanthus sp. (Poaceae), 20.vii.2015, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang, deposited in BFUC. Paratypes deposited in BFUC, all from CHINA: 1 adult female (on 1 slide, the specimen on the slide from DNA-extracted voucher, Genbank no. MG214903), Jiangxi, Ganzhou City, Huichang County, Lanshan Park [N 25�� 36���, E 115�� 46���], on Poaceae, 21.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 3 adult females (on 2 slides), Jiangxi, Ganzhou City, Huichang County, Lanshan Park [N 25�� 36���, E 115�� 46���], on Poaceae, 21.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 2 adult females (on 1 slide), Zhejiang, Zhoushan City, Taohua Island [N 29�� 50���, E 122�� 16���], on Miscanthus sp., 4.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 2 adult females (on 1 slide), Hebei, Handan City, Shexian County, Longshan Park [N 36�� 34���, E 113�� 40���], on Miscanthus sp., 23.ix.2016, coll. Ming Zhao & Xu-Bo Wang; 2 adult females (on 1 slide), Zhejiang, Jiangshan City, Zhangcun Township, Shuangxikou Village [N 28�� 23���, E 118�� 41���], on Miscanthus sp., 11.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 4 adult females (on 2 slides), Guangxi, Hechi City, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Chuanshan Town, Duchuan Villag [N 25�� 03���, E 108�� 07���], on Poaceae, 24.vii.2015, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang; 1 adult female (on 1 slide, the specimen on the slide from DNA-extracted voucher, Genbank no. MG214902), same data as holotype; 2 adult females (on 1 slide), same data as holotype; 2 adult females (on 2 slides), Hubei, Yichang City, Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Wufeng Town [N 30�� 12���, E 110�� 40���], on Calamagrostis sp. (Poaceae), 10.vii.1999, coll. San-An Wu. Paratypes deposited in IZCAS, all from CHINA: 1 adult female (on 1 slide), Jiangxi, Fuzhou City, Nancheng County, Magu Mountain [N 27�� 32���, E 116�� 33���], on Poaceae, 21.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 2 adult females (on 1 slide), Guizhou, Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, Libo County, Guizhou Maolan National Nature Reserve [N 25�� 19���, E 107�� 56���], on Miscanthus sp., 20.vii.2015, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang. Description. Appearance in life (Fig. 1): adult female elongate, covered in white mealy wax, with caudal filaments present, each filament longer than posterior-most abdominal segment; body contents mostly pinkishgray. Slide-mounted specimens (n=8): body of adult female (Fig. 2) elongate, 2.8���5.6 mm long, 1.5���2.6 mm wide. Anal lobes moderately developed, ventral surface of each lobe bearing an apical seta, each 160���205 ��m long. Antennae each 320���350 ��m long, 7 segmented. Eye spot located at body margin lateral to antennal base. Legs well developed, slender; hind coxa 88���150 ��m long, hind trochanter + femur 250���293 ��m long, hind tibia + tarsus 250��� 280 ��m long; claw 20���26 ��m long, both tarsal digitules and claw digitules knobbed, longer than claw. Ratio of lengths of hind tibia + tarsus to hind trochanter + femur 0.95���1.05:1. Ratio of lengths of hind tibia to tarsus 1.92��� 2.34:1. Translucent pores present on anterior and posterior surface of hind coxa, sometimes anterior proximal edge of hind coxa indistinct, a few also occurring on apical part of hind tibia. Minute pores present on anterior and medial derm surrounding hind coxa. Circulus present, square to dumb-bell-shaped, 30���65 ��m long and 45���57 ��m wide, divided by an intersegmental line. Clypeolabral shield 175���200 ��m long; labium 108���125 ��m long; ratio of lengths of labium to clypeolabral shield 0.54���0.68:1. Ostioles moderately developed, each lip with 7���15 trilocular pores and 0���2 short setae. Anal ring 88���105 ��m in diameter, bearing 6 setae, each seta 88���125 ��m long. Cerarii numbering 2 pairs: anal lobe cerarii (C18) each containing 2 conical setae, each seta 15���17 ��m long, accompanied by 2���3 auxiliary setae and 10���15 trilocular pores, all situated on a membranous to lightly sclerotized area; penultimate cerarii (C17) each containing 1���2 conical setae, each seta 13���15 ��m long, accompanied by 3���7 trilocular pores. Dorsum. Setae short and slender, each 15���60 ��m long. Multilocular disc pores each 7���8 ��m in diameter, forming transverse rows at anterior and posterior edges of abdominal segments IV���VII, and sparsely present on body margin and head. Trilocular pores evenly distributed. Oral collar tubular ducts of 2 sizes present: a large type, each 6���7 ��m long, 3���4 ��m wide, distributed in transverse rows across abdominal segments IV���VII and in small groups around posterior abdominal margins, also around body margins on anterior abdominal segments and head, a few scattered on median area of thorax; and a small type, each 5���6 ��m long, 2.0���2.4 ��m wide, distributed across middle of abdominal segments, and sparsely present around body margin. Venter. Setae slender, longer than those on dorsum, each 15���105 ��m long. Multilocular disc pores same as those on dorsum, numerous, present posterior to vulva, in transverse rows at posterior and anterior edges of abdominal segments IV���VII, also occurring on body submargin. Trilocular pores evenly distributed. Oral collar tubular ducts of 2 types present, similar to those on dorsum: a large type, present in transverse rows across abdominal segments IV���VIII, also in marginal groups around head, thorax and abdomen; and a small type mainly distributed across middle of abdominal segments and sparsely around body margin. Host-plants. Poaceae: Calamagrostis sp. and Miscanthus sp. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces). Biology. Living under the leaf sheaths of its host plants. Etymology. The species is named after the country of origin, China, combined with the Latin suffix ���- ensis ��� denoting origin. Remarks. Saccharicoccus chinensis sp. n. is similar to S. isfarensis in the distribution of tubular ducts and multilocular disc pores, but it differs from the latter by the following features (condition of S. isfarensis given in parenthesis): (i) translucent pores present on hind coxa (pores absent from hind coxa); (ii) minute pores mostly situated on derm medial and anterior to hind coxa, see Fig. 3A (minute pores concentrated lateral and posterior to hind coxa, as far posteriorly as abdominal segment II, see Fig. 3B). The new species also resembles Palmicultor lumpurensis (Takahashi) in possessing minute pores in the derm surrounding each hind coxa, but differs from the latter by the following features (condition of P. lumpurensis given in parentheses): (i) anterior edge of clypeolabral shield without internal, transversely oblong extension (anterior edge of clypeolabral shield with internal, transversely oblong extension); (ii) cerarii numbering 2 pairs only (cerarii numbering 2���7 pairs); (iii) large type of tubular duct about the same width as a trilocular pore, longer than wide (large type of tubular duct much wider than a trilocular pore, but narrower than a multilocular pore, each about as long as wide or sometimes slightly shorter). In S. chinensis sp. n., the number of tubular ducts and multilocular pores vary between individuals. Some specimens have only a small number of ducts and pores in the anterior part of the body, in other specimens these ducts and pores can be much more numerous., Published as part of Zhang, Jiang-Tao, Wu, Bo-Wen & Wu, San-An, 2018, A review of the genus Saccharicoccus Ferris, 1950 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in China, with description of a new species, pp. 127-135 in Zootaxa 4375 (1) on pages 128-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1158209

Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) Dactylopius sacchari Cockerell 1895: 195. Pseudococcus sacchari (Cockerell): Cockerell 1902: 252. Erium sacchari (Cockerell): Lindinger 1935: 122. Trionymus praegrandis James 1936: 200. Trionymus sacchari (Cockerell): Zimmerman 1948: 266. Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell): Ferris 1950: 217; Wang 1982: 98, 2001: 91; Tao 1989: 58; Tang 1992: 217; Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin 2015: 94 –95. Material examined, all from CHINA, detailed latitudes and longitudes unknown. Five adult females (on 1 slide), Fujian, Zhangzhou City, on Saccharum sinense (Poaceae), 19.vii.2010, coll. Yan-Biao He; 5 adult females (on 1 slide), Guangdong, Zhanjiang City, on S. sinense, 17.vi.2010, coll. Yan-Biao He. Host-plants. Saccharicoccus sacchari is only known on Poaceae. In China, it has been recorded on Imperata cylindrica, Miscanthus sp., M. sinensis, Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, S. sinense and Sorghum bicolor (Wang 1981, 1982, 2001; Yang 1982; Tang 1992; Wu 2009, 2009a; Tsai 2011). Distribution. Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic. In China: Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Tibet, Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces (Wang 1981, 1982, 2001; Yang 1982; Tang 1992; Wu 2009, 2009a; Tsai 2011). Biology. Saccharicoccus sacchari is always hidden under the leaf sheaths of its host-plants; each female lays 300–400 eggs in an ovisac. The eggs hatch in 3–5 days and complete development in 20–30 days. This mealybug is one of the most important pests of sugarcane in the sugarcane-growing regions in Guangxi (Zhou et al. 1999; Qin et al. 2013)., Published as part of Zhang, Jiang-Tao, Wu, Bo-Wen & Wu, San-An, 2018, A review of the genus Saccharicoccus Ferris, 1950 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in China, with description of a new species, pp. 127-135 in Zootaxa 4375 (1) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1158209, {"references":["Cockerell, T. D. A. (1895) A new mealy-bug on sugar cane. Journal of the Trinidad Field Naturalists' Club, 2, 195.","Cockerell, T. D. A. (1902) A catalogue of the Coccidae of South America. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 6, 250 - 257.","Lindinger, L. (1935) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Schildlause (Coccidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 49, 121 - 123.","James, H. C. (1936) New mealybugs from East Africa. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 85, 197 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1936. tb 00132. x","Zimmerman, E. C. (1948) Homoptera: Sternorrhyncha. Insects of Hawaii, 5, 1 - 464.","Ferris, G. F. (1950) Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. Series 5. The Pseudococcidae (Part I). Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California, 278 pp.","Wang, Z. Q. (1982) Economic Insect Fauna of China Fasc. 24, Homoptera: Pseudococcidae. Science Press, Beijing, 119 pp.","Tao, C. C. (1989) Scale insects name list of Taiwan, Republic of China. Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station Research Report, 22, 57 - 70.","Tang, F. D. (1992) The Pseudococcidae of China. Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 768 pp.","Danzig, E. M. & Gavrilov-Zimin, I. A. (2015) Palaearctic mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae). Part 2. Subfamily Pseudococcinae. Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. New series. No. 149. Insecta: Hemiptera: Arthroidignatha. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, 619 pp.","Wang, Z. Q. (1981) Homoptera: Coccoidea. In: Insects of Xizang. Vol. I. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 283 - 293.","Wang, Z. Q. (2001) Coccoidae: Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Coccidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Cerococcidae, Aclerdidae. Fauna Sinica, Insecta, 22, xvii. Science Press, Beijing, 611 pp.","Yang, P. L. (1982) General Classification of Scale Insects in China. Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, Shanghai, 425 pp.","Tsai, M. Y. (2011) Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) of Taiwan. Doctoral Dissertation. Graduate Institute of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 603 pp.","Zhou, Z. H., Wang, Z. Y. & Chen, K. C. (1999) Atlas of control of pests, diseases, weeds and rats in sugarcane. Guangxi Science and Technology Press, Nanning, 246 pp.","Qin, Z. Q., Deng, Z. Y., Wei, J. J. & Huang, W. H. (2013) Investigation on occurrence and damage of pink sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Guangxi sugarcane-growing area. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 44 (8), 1277 - 1281."]}

Saccharicoccus isfarensis (Borchsenius, 1949) Pseudococcus isfarensis Borchsenius 1949: 152. Saccharicoccus penium Williams 1962: 50; Tang 1992: 216; Wang 2001: 93. Trionymus penium (Borchsenius): Danzig 1978: 12. Trionymus isfarensis (Borchsenius): Tang 1992: 167 –168. Saccharicoccus isfarensis (Borchsenius): Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin 2015: 92. Material examined, all from CHINA. One adult female (on 1 slide, the specimen on the slide from DNA-extracted voucher, Genbank no. MG214904), Zhejiang, Jiangshan City, Zhangcun Township, Shuangxikou Village [N 28° 23’, E 118° 41’], on Poaceae, 11.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 1 adult female (on 1 slide), Zhejiang, Zhoushan City, Dongshan Park [N 30° 00’, E 122° 07’], on Poaceae, 6.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 2 adult females (on 1 slide), Zhejiang, Zhoushan City, Taohua Island [N 29° 50’, E 122° 16’], on Poaceae, 4.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 1 adult female (on 1 slide), Zhejiang, Zhoushan City, Taohua Island [N 29° 50’, E 122° 16’], on Poaceae, 4.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 2 adult females (on 1 slide), Zhejiang, Ningbo City, Simingshan National Forest Park [N 29° 43’, E 121° 04’], on Poaceae, 2.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 2 adult females (on 1 slide), Zhejiang, Ningbo City, Simingshan National Forest Park [N 29° 43’, E 121° 04’], on Poaceae, 2.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin- Gang Dong; 1 adult female (on 1 slide), Zhejiang, Ningbo City, Simingshan National Forest Park [N 29° 43’, E 121° 04’], on Poaceae, 1.viii.2016, coll. Jiang-Tao Zhang & Qin-Gang Dong; 4 adult females (on 1 slide), Zhejiang, Hangzhou City, Linan District [N 30° 14’, E 119° 43’], on Imperata sp.? (Poaceae), 6.viii.2008, coll. Jin Liu; 3 adult females (on 1 slide), Jilin, Jilin City, Songhua lake Park [N 43° 38’, E 126° 46’], on Cyperus sp. (Poaceae), 13.viii.2013, coll. San-An Wu & Xu-Bo Wang; 1 adult female (on 1 slide), Shaanxi, Baoji City, Fengxian County [N 33° 54’, E 106° 31’], on Poaceae, 4.ix.1999, San-An Wu; 3 adult female (on 2 slides), Henan, Nanyang City, Neixiang County, Xia Guan Town [N 33° 21’, E 111° 46’], on Calamagrostis sp. (Poaceae), 14.vii.1998, coll. San-An Wu. Host-plants. Saccharicoccus isfarensis is only known on Poaceae. In China, it has been recorded on Agropyron sp., Agrostis sp., Beckmannia sp., B. syzigachne, Calamagrostis sp., Cyperus sp., Festuca sp., Imperata sp., Leymus chinensis, Poa sp. and Stipa sp. (Tang 1992; Wu 1997, 1999, 2009a, 2009b; Wang 2001; Tang et al. 2012). Distribution. Oriental and Palaearctic. In China: Henan, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Zhejiang provinces (Tang 1992; Wu 1997, 1999, 2009a, 2009b; Wang 2001; Tang et al. 2012). Biology. Saccharicoccus isfarensis lives under the leaf sheaths of its host-plants., Published as part of Zhang, Jiang-Tao, Wu, Bo-Wen & Wu, San-An, 2018, A review of the genus Saccharicoccus Ferris, 1950 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in China, with description of a new species, pp. 127-135 in Zootaxa 4375 (1) on pages 132-133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1158209, {"references":["Borchsenius, N. S. (1949) Sucking insects Homoptera. Vol. VII. Suborder mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Family mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Fauna SSSR, Novaya Seriya, 382 pp.","Williams, D. J. (1962) The British Pseudococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 12, 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5872","Tang, F. D. (1992) The Pseudococcidae of China. Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 768 pp.","Wang, Z. Q. (2001) Coccoidae: Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Coccidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Cerococcidae, Aclerdidae. Fauna Sinica, Insecta, 22, xvii. Science Press, Beijing, 611 pp.","Danzig, E. M. (1978) Scale insect fauna of South Sakhalin and Kunashir. Trudy Biologo-Pochvennogo, Akademii Nauk SSR, Vladivostok, 50, 3 - 23.","Danzig, E. M. & Gavrilov-Zimin, I. A. (2015) Palaearctic mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae). Part 2. Subfamily Pseudococcinae. Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. New series. No. 149. Insecta: Hemiptera: Arthroidignatha. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, 619 pp.","Wu, S. A. (1997) Research on the Mealybug's Fauna of North China (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae). Doctoral Dissertation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 218 pp.","Wu, S. A. (1999) Homoptera: Coccoidea. In: Shen, X. C. & Pei, H. C. (Eds.), The Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects in Henan. Vol. 4. Insects of the Mountains Funiu and Dabie Regions. China Agriculture Scientech Press, Beijing, 415 pp.","Wu, S. A. (2009 a) Coccoidea. In: Wang, Y. P. (Ed.), Health assessment on insect fauna and forest of Wuyanling Nature Reserve. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 83 - 95.","Wu, S. A. (2009 b) Mealybug fauna of Ningxia (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Entomotaxonomia, 31 (1), 12 - 28.","Tang, H., Wang, J. Y., Xu, Q. L., Yang, Z., Bao, S., Zeng, J. & Zhao, Y. L. (2012) The research of Coccoidea faunas in Ningxia. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 33 (1), 7 - 16."]}

Key to adult females of Saccharicoccus species 1. Tubular ducts present on dorsum......................................................................... 2 - Tubular ducts absent from dorsum...................................................... S. sacchari (Cockerell) 2. Translucent pores absent from hind coxa; minute pores mostly present lateral and posterior to hind coxa, extending onto abdominal segment II............................................................. S. isfarensis (Borchsenius) - Translucent pores present on hind coxa; minute pores mostly present on medial and anterior areas of hind coxa................................................................................... S. chinensis Zhang, Wu & Wu sp. n., Published as part of Zhang, Jiang-Tao, Wu, Bo-Wen & Wu, San-An, 2018, A review of the genus Saccharicoccus Ferris, 1950 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in China, with description of a new species, pp. 127-135 in Zootaxa 4375 (1) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1158209

Buchnericoccus sp. Adult female (Figs 2, 3 and 5) Material examined. One adult female, MALAYSIA: Borneo, Sabah, Keningau district, Mount Trus Madi, Jungle Girl Camp. N5.4430, E116.4512; 1182m; Shi H.L. & Liu Y., 2016. IV.28 night, on trunk of unknown broadleaved tree. Unmounted material. Body broadly elliptical, slightly convex on dorsum, flattened on venter, orangeyellowish but color on thoracic venter lighter. Antennae, legs and mouthparts reddish brown. Ventral cicatrices dark, numbering 3. Dorsum covered by 6 longitudinal rows of white wax processes, marginal rows with 12 pairs and submarginal rows with 11 pairs of large, flat wax processes; submedian row with 10 transverse wax bands. Venter covered by a layer of wax powder, thicker on head and thorax than on abdomen. Slide-mounted material. Body ovoid, 17.9 mm long, 9.3 mm wide, posterior end rounded. Derm membranous but some sclerotized spots or strips present on submarginal area and thoracic venter. Entire body surface with dense setae and loculate pores. Antennae 10-segmented, 2576 µm long; each antennal segment with many short setae, each 75–130 µm long; apical segment nearly parallel-sided, longest, 632 µm long, 140 µm wide; scape broadest, 363 µm long, 415 µm wide; pedicel 247 µm long, 250 µm wide, with a campaniform sensillum near apex; third segment approximately cylindrical, 249 µm long, 245 µm wide; fourth to ninth segments each drum-like, segment lengths (µm): IV 163, V 165, VI 175, VII 176, VIII 213 and IX 225; segment widths (µm): IV 243, V 230, VI 207, VII 191, VIII 189 and IX 163. Eyes circular, 213 µm wide, with lens 98 µm wide, situated laterad of scape. Mouthparts developed, labium two-segmented, with setae at apex. Thoracic spiracles large, each 598 µm wide, with a small group of loculate pores within atrium; abdominal spiracles numbering 7 pairs, small, each 51 µm wide, without loculate pores within atrium. Legs developed, subequal in length: prothoracic leg I 4850 µm; mesothoracic leg II 5520 µm; metathoracic leg III 6070 µm long. Coxa lengths: I 542 µm; II 625 µm; III 675 µm; trochanter + femur lengths: I 1990 µm; II 2155 µm; III 2320 µm; tibia lengths: I 1570 µm; II 1825 µm; III 1987 µm; widest part of tibia 270–280 µm wide; tarsus lengths I 750 µm; II 875 µm; III 975 µm; each about 170 µm wide; claw lengths I 198 µm; II 220 µm; III 238 µm. Each coxa with about 32 short setae, each 701–853 µm long, plus 1–3 long setae, each about 165 µm long; each trochanter with 3 campaniform sensilla on each surface, and with 20–30 short setae, each 60–80 µm long, and distally with 1 trochanteral seta about 765 µm long. Femur, tibia and tarsus each with many setae, each 40–90 µm long, with setae on inner side spine-like. Tarsus slightly curved, with a campaniform sensilla at outer side near tibia. Claw without denticle, each with a pair of setose digitules, shorter than the claw. Vulva with a transverse opening, about 1095 µm wide. Anal tube sclerotized, 242 µm long, 237 µm wide. Neither anal ring nor any pores are seen, perhaps it was lost in slide-mounting. Ventral cicatrices numbering 3, present behind vulva, with a dense cover of long setae and multilocular pores surrounding them; middle cicatrix largest (812 µm long), usually elongate and constricted at middle; outer cicatrices smaller (526 µm long) and reniform. Dorsum. densely covered with 4 types of setae: (i) enlarged spiniform setae (Fig. 5K), each short (45–52 µm long), bottle-shaped, forming 24 marginal, 22 submarginal and 10 median dense clusters; (ii) short-flagellate setae (Fig. 5B), each 65–85 µm long, present between spiniform setae-clusters; (iii) hair-like setae (Fig. 5I) each 249– 271 µm long with a narrow basal socket, few, sparsely scattered on same area as (ii); and (iv) stout hair-like setae (Fig. 5O), each 721–806 µm long, present densely in anal area. Loculate pores of 4 types present: (i) pore with a circular center, and 6 outer loculi (Fig. 5 N), each pore 10 µm in diameter, numerous, distributed throughout dorsum except in anal area, abundant among setae between spine groups but scarce within spine groups; (ii) pore with a circular center and 12 outer loculi (Fig. 5P), each about 12 µm in diameter, abundant in anal area; (iii) pore with an oval center and 2 outer loculi (Fig. 5Q), each 12 µm wide, with not more than 10 pores in 2 small groups on submarginal area posterior to anus; and (iv) small-convex pore (Fig. 5L), each 7 µm in diameter, 15 µm long, distributed among each spine cluster. Venter. Setae of 4 types present, as follows: (i) short-flagellate setae (Fig. 5B), each mainly 62–68 µm long, densely distributed on head, thorax and abdominal segments II–III; (ii) flagellate setae (Fig. 5J), each 92–106 µm long, abundant in marginal and submarginal areas of abdominal segments IV–VIII; (iii) hairs (Fig. 5H), each 155– 165 µm long, distributed on median area of abdominal segments IV–VIII, longest around vulva; and (iv) hair-like setae (Fig. 5I) each 233–245 µm long with a narrow basal socket, with a total of 2 pairs, 1 pair on margins of each of the posterior 2 segments. Loculate pores of 3 types: (i) pore with a circular center and 5 outer loculi (fig. 5F), each 15–17 µm in diameter, densely distributed on abdominal segments II and III and along margin of abdomen, forming a wide circular band on abdomen; (ii) pore with a circular center and 4 outer loculi (Fig. 5G), each 14–16 µm wide, present in median area of abdomen; and (iii) multilocular pore (Fig. 5D), each 9 µm in diameter, with a circular center and 6–9 outer loculi, densely distributed on head and thorax. Remarks. We have had much difficulty in identifying this adult female. Here we consider it to be a species of the genus Buchnericoccus due to the presence of ten-segmented antennae, thoracic spiracles with pores in the atrium, abdominal spiracles without pores, absence of large marginal tubular pores and, especially, bottle-shaped setae arranged in groups on the dorsum. Within the genus Buchnericoccus, the current specimens are close to B. reynei Gavrilov-Zimin (Gavrilov-Zimin, 2018), but differ from B. reynei in that the loculate pores on abdominal venter each have 4 or 5 outer loculi, whereas the loculate pores on B. reynei each have 6 outer loculi. Also, the dorsal and ventral pores of B. reynei are much more densely distributed than those of the specimen described here. Discussion. As indicated in the Introduction, D. haematoptera is only known from the original description of the adult male, whilst the male of Buchnericoccus has never been described. The two adult males and the single female described above were collected from the same locality (namely MALAYSIA: Borneo, Sabah, Keningau district, Mount Trus Madi, Jungle Girl Camp) and on consecutive days (the females on 28 April 2016 and the males on 29 April 2016), in an area of not more than 100 m 2. Dr. Wei-Wei Zhang, an amateur entomologist who has collected insect specimens in this camp during the summer season for 4 years, told SAW that he has seen only one kind of adult male and one kind of adult female in that locality, and that these were superficially similar to Drosicha corpulenta, with which he is familiar. Here we consider that it is very likely that the adult males are referable to Drosichoides haematoptera and that the adult female is closely related to Buchnericoccus reynei. However, we also consider that they are the male and female of the same species, particularly as both are exceptionally large. If these two species are indeed conspecific, then the genus Buchericoccus Reyne would be a junior synonym of genus Drosichoides Morrison, and therefore Morrison’s classification of the Monophlebidae would need to be revised since, in Morrison’s system, genus Drosichoides is in the tribe Drosichini and genus Buchnericoccus is in the tribe Monophlebini. Nevertheless, field observations on copulation or molecular work are needed to test this suggestion.

Drosichoides? haematoptera (Cockerell) Llaveia haematoptera Cockerell 1919: 272. Drosichoides haematoptera (Cockerell); Morrison 1927: 106. Change of combination. Adult male (Figs.1 and 4) Material examined. Two adult males, MALAYSIA: Borneo, Sabah, Keningau district, Mount Trus Madi, Jungle Girl Camp. N5.4430, E116.4512; 1182m; Shi H.L. & Liu Y. light trap, 2016. IV.29 night. Unmounted material. Body cylindrical, with abdomen depressed, about 11 mm long (with caudal extensions), 9.5 mm from head to anus, 3.0 mm wide across prealare, and wing span about 21 mm. Body, antennae and legs yellow to light brown; compound eyes dark but becoming crimson after deposition in 75% alcohol for about half a year. Wings large and broad, quite dark except area anterior to subcostal thickening and anal area bright red, with basal diagonal vein nearly attaining wing margin and 2 long diagonal white lines (hyaline folds). Antennae 10- segmented, very long, each segment beyond second segment trinodose and each with 3 whorls of long setae. Abdomen with pairs of long caudal extensions on segments VI, VII and VIII. Slide-mounted material. Extremely large, 10.7 mm long (with caudal extensions), 9.4 mm from head to anus, and 3.1 mm wide across prealare. Almost all membranous areas on body with numerous setae, longest up to perhaps 490 ��m long; also with loculate pores, complex in structure, each 15 ��m wide, with 3 (Fig. 4B) or 4 (fig. 4C) loculi, present on both surfaces of head, thorax and abdomen including caudal extension, but much less frequent on dorsum of abdomen. Convex pores (Fig. 4H) also present on dorsal surface of head and ventral surface of abdominal segments VI���VIII. Antennae all broken but each long, segments beyond pedicel each with 3 whorls of very long setae, of which about 1/2���1/4th with satellite setae. Sclerotised areas without nodulations. Scutum with a membranous area medially. Legs well developed and very setose, many setae spur-like and strongly bifurcated, particularly distally on tibia; tarsi 2-segmented; claws without denticles; claw digitules setose. Abdomen with 3 pairs of long lateral caudal extensions, those on segment VIII longest, becoming gradually shorter on segments VII and VI; absent on segments V���I. Penial sheath ventral, immediately anterior to anus. Head: triangular in dorsal view, length 1013 ��m, width across compound eyes 1538 ��m. Dorsally with a welldeveloped postoccipital suture (pos) extending across posterior part of epicranium, and with a triangular postocciput (poc) posteriorly. Dorso-medial part of epicranium apparently entirely membranous (midcranial ridge absent), covered in numerous setae of different lengths (up to 160 ��m long) and loculate pores. Laterally with a pair of compound eyes, each 526 ��m long, with 180���190 ommatidia. Each compound eye with a narrow, lightly sclerotised, ocular sclerite along dorsal and posterior margins, each with a single ocellus (o) dorsally, each about 189 ��m in diameter, on top of a protuberance. Ventrally with a strongly sclerotised series of ridges forming a 5- armed cross, composed of: (i) midcranial ridge (vmcr) anteriorly, extending posteriorly from between antennae on anterior margin of head to (ii) a pair of preocular ridges (procr), which originate from between each antenna and compound eye laterally, and (iii) a pair of posterior preoral ridges (pror) extending laterally to posterior margin of each compound eye. Ventral part of epicranium membranous, apart from a nearly rectangular, sclerotized plate anterior to preocular ridges (procr). Setae present anteriorly between midcranial ridge and antenna, with about 120 setae (each 115���205 ��m long); also with loculate pores; lateral area between preocular and preoral ridges without pores and setae. Cranial apophysis distinct as a shallow indentation. Mouth indistinct. Antennae: broken, at most 7 segments present. Scape (scp) 323 ��m long, 374 ��m wide, without a sclerotised articulatory socket with head, but with a basal articular process extending posteriorly from each scape laterally and with 20���30 short setae, each about 174���245 ��m long; pedicel (pdc) 378 ��m long, 245 ��m wide, with 15���25 long setae, plus a campaniform sensillum on distal dorsal margin. Each of segments III���VII trinodose, with 3 whorls of long setae; segment III 1045 ��m long, 287��m wide, each whorl with 25 or 26 setae (each mostly about 1190���1205 ��m long); segment IV 978 ��m long, 269 ��m wide, each whorl with 16 setae (mostly about 998���1093 ��m long); segment V 965 ��m long, 259 ��m wide; segment VI 1010 ��m long, 251 ��m wide; segment VII 1004 ��m long, 247 ��m wide. Based on proportions segments VIII���X to VII on the photo of live male, we estimated the lengths of segment VIII ���X about 980 ��m, 1000 ��m and 2020 ��m long respectively. Thorax. Prothorax: head broadly attached to prothorax, dorsally with no structure representing pronotum, with a pair of diagonal post-tergites (pt), each 605 ��m long, slightly broadened at each end. Laterally with a pair of strong cervical sclerites (cv) that articulate anteriorly with posterior end of ocular sclerite and preoral ridge (pror), cv with a proepimeron (epm1). Pleural ridge (plr1) extending dorsally from articulation with coxa. Ventrally, prosternum (stn1) with well-sclerotized median ridge, 890 ��m long, broadening posteriorly but with no obvious sternal apophysis at posterior end. Most of membranous areas with setae and loculate pores in groups. Mesothorax: dorsally, prescutum (prsc) large and approximately oval, 1024 ��m long, widest part 446 ��m across; mesoprephragma (phr1) large and approximately tongue-like; prescutal ridges short, mesad to each prealare (pra); prescutum without prescutal setae medially. Scutum (sct) with a medium-sized, oblong, membranous area medially just posterior to prescutum, length 986 ��m, width 321 ��m, with about 25 setae mainly in one anterior and 2 lateral small groups. Scutellum (scl) triangular; scutoscutellar sutures extending from membranous area anteriorly postero-laterally to postalare (pa); each outer angle with an elongate membranous area, about 1/3rd of width of scutellum (scl); without pores and setae. Immediately posterior to scutellum is a large, oval membranous area, bordered posteriorly by the sclerotised mesopostnotum, which is broadly U-shaped, each arm very strongly sclerotized, extending anteriorly to articulate with the mesopleural ridge. Posteriorly, mesopostnotum extends internally under the metathoracic metapostnotum, forming a large mesopostphragma, with a pair of comparatively long, sclerotised mesopostnotal apophyses antero-laterally. Laterally, prealare (pra) elongate, about 518 ��m long; tegula (teg) well developed, mesepisternum (eps2) not nodulated. Mesothoracic spiracles (sp1) large, width of peritremes 415��m. Ventrally, basisternum (stn2) large, 1123 ��m long, 1746 ��m wide; with a distinct, complete but poorly sclerotised median ridge (mdr) (865 ��m long), with a line of short setae along it; furca (f) moderately narrow posteriorly, only slightly waisted, with comparatively long arms (each arm about 876 ��m long), which diverge strongly. Metathorax: dorsally , metapostnotum present as a pair of sclerites, with a group of metatergal setae extending across segment. Laterally, Pleural ridge well-developed, precoxal ridge (pcr3) well developed and extending about 556 ��m medioventrally, with a moderately deep pleural apophysis (pla3). Posterior spiracles (sp2) large, width of peritremes about 435 ��m. Ventrally, metasternum lightly sclerotized. Wings (Fig. 4G): well-developed, each 8.5 mm long, about 3.2 mm wide. Subcostal thickening (sclt) welldeveloped; wing anterior to sclt sclerotized, obliquely truncated well before the apex, rest of wing membranous. A line of circular sensoria (30���32) and fine setae (21���25) extending distally from where radius and cubital veins meet; radial and cubital veins extending close to edge of wings; alar fold present. Alar lobe (al) well developed and sclerotized, and perhaps one alar seta present. Hamulohalteres mainly sclerotized, about 512 ��m long, widest point about 263 ��m across, narrowing to base; with 6 or 7 hamuli (Fig. 4K), each strongly curved with a hooked apex, and about 197 ��m long. Legs: well-developed. Metathoracic legs comparatively longest, prothoracic leg I 4910 ��m; mesothoracic leg II 5600 ��m; metathoracic leg III 5970 ��m. Coxa (cx) lengths: I 513 ��m; II 597 ��m; III 645 ��m; each with 45���50 setae along lateral margins (each 265 ��m long). Trochanter (tr) + femur (fm) lengths: I 1625 ��m; II 1915 ��m; III 2075 ��m; trochanter with 30���35 setae, and 1 trochanteral seta about 878 ��m long; trochanter (tr) with probably 4 round campaniform sensilla on each surface; femur (fm) with many setae, most shortish (75���105 ��m long), but some along ventral and dorsal surfaces up to 190���385 ��m; posterior margin of profemur with more than 30 bifurcate setae (bs) (Fig. 4E). Tibia (ti) lengths: I 1875 ��m; II 2125 ��m; III 2250 ��m; distal area on each tibia with bifurcate setae (bs) (fig. 4E) laterally and ventrally; with many tibial spurs (Fig. 4D) distally, longest each about 63 ��m long. Tarsi (ta) (Fig. 4F) 2-segmented, proximal segment very short and triangular; lengths: I 656 ��m; II 828 ��m; III 859 ��m; with a tarsal campaniform sensillum; bifurcate setae (bs) (Fig. 4E) present along margin; lateral setae all short but some dorsal setae slightly longer; tarsal spurs present on distal end. Claws (c) (Fig. 4F) quite long and thin, curved, without a denticle; claw lengths: I 141 ��m; II 145 ��m; III 150 ��m; each with 2 setose digitules shorter than claw. Abdomen: Caudal extensions absent on segments I���V, short (each 1750 ��m long) on VI, longer on VII (each 2065 ��m long) and longest on VIII (each 2250 ��m long); each extension with setae throughout, mostly each 150��� 310 ��m long but becoming longer (up to 500 ��m) towards extremities. Ventral abdominal setae more abundant and longer than dorsal abdominal seta, but loculate pores appearing fewer than on venter. Ventral setae each about 189��� 265 ��m long, dorsal setae each about 48���156 ��m long. Abdominal spiracles (asp) (Fig. 4L) in 7 pairs dorsolaterally, one on each side of segments II���VIII; without a definite circular chitinized collar; but each with an irregularly chitinized tube with opening 45 ��m wide, almost slit-like with one or more conical teeth. Genital segment: Anus (Fig. 4O) located between caudal extensions of segment VIII, consisting of a sclerotized ring (153 ��m in diameter) with a ring of disk pores and a ring of setae within. Penial sheath (ps) (Fig. 4N) heavily sclerotized, positioned ventrally and immediately anterior to anus; penial sheath stout conical, about 809 ��m long and 436 ��m wide at broadest point, broadest anteriorly, narrowing to a short, blunt, parallel-sided, bifurcated apex posteriorly. Aedeagus (aed) (Fig. 4N) mainly lightly sclerotised, cylindrical, lying in a groove along venter of penial sheath, with a very long, strongly setiferous, eversible endophallus (eph) (Fig. 4N) retracted into body. Distribution. Indonesia (Borneo, Java), Malaysia (Borneo). Remarks. We identified the examined specimen as belonging to the genus Drosichoides by the red anterior vein and costal area, the abdominal spiracles that are slit-like, and the shape of the penis sheath, which narrows gradually to the apex and is hardly constricted before the apex. We considered the species to be D. haematoptera because of its large body (longer than 10 mm) and red thorax (Cockerell, 1915, 1919; Morrison, 1928; Reyne, 1965). The main difference between our specimens and Morrison���s description is that some pores had 4 loculi instead by 3 loculi. Though the type specimens of Llaveia haematophora and the specimens here studied were collected from Sabah, Borneo, the two collecting sites are nearly 250 km apart, with very different temperatures and condition. Since the microscopical morphology of adult males have no definite morphologically differences for species separation in the genus Drosichoides (Morrison, 1928), the identity here as D. haematoptera is likely but not certain, and the species described here may be a new species. As regards the lengths of caudal extensions, Cockerell (1919) states that the apical extensions are about 3.5 mm long; Reyne (1965) measured the length of caudal extensions on abdominal segments VIII to VI as 2.6 mm, 2.2 mm and 1.8 mm from Borneo and 1.6 mm, 1.2 mm and 0.45 mm from W. Java. Our study, on specimens from Borneo, found them 2.25 mm, 2.07 mm and 1.75 mm long respectively. However, as Reyne (1965) said that there were some differences between the specimens he examined from Java and Borneo, we postulate that the species of Drosichoides from Java and Borneo perhaps represent different species. Within the Monophlebidae, adult males of four species have been well studied microscopically, namely Drosichoides haematoptera, Drosicha dalbergiae (Green), Laurencella colombiana Foldi & Watson and Neohodgsonius splendens Foldi. These species share trinodose flagellar segments of the antennae, each with 3 rings of long setae, and an abdomen with more than one pair of caudal extensions (Hodgson and Foldi, 2008; Foldi, 2016). The differences between these species are listed in Table 1. Notes: The morphological data provided above for Drosichoides haematoptera came from our study, for Drosicha dalbergiae and Laurencella colombiana from Hodgson and Foldi, (2008), and that of Neohodgsonius splendens from Foldi (2016). ...Continued on next page, Published as part of Wu, Bo-Wen & Wu, San-An, 2018, Are the monophlebid genera Drosichoides Morrison and Buchnericoccus Reyne synonyms? (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Monophlebidae), pp. 285-294 in Zootaxa 4497 (2) on pages 286-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1452219, {"references":["Cockerell, T. D. A. (1919) A new Monophlebine coccid from Borneo. Journal of Economic Entomology, 12, 272.","Morrison, H. (1927) Descriptions of new genera and species belonging to the coccid family Margarodidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 40, 99 - 109.","Cockerell, T. D. A. (1915) A remarkable Monophlebine coccid from the Philippine Islands. Canadian Entomologist, 47, 344.","Morrison, H. (1928) A classification of the higher groups and genera of the coccid family Margarodidae. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 52, 1 - 239.","Reyne, A. (1965) Observations on some Indonesian scale insects. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, Amsterdam, 108, 145 - 188.","Foldi, I. (2016) New archaeococcoids from Guyana and Malaysia, with discussion of the tribes Llaveiini and Drosichini (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Monophlebidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 121 (3), 289 - 308."]}