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Background: This study aims to explore whether serum miR-185-5p levels are related to the injury severity and prognosis of traumatic brain injury patients. Methods: Serum miR-185-5p level was quantified in 120 TBI patients. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was used to grade the damage, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to evaluate the prognosis 3 months after TBI. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between serum miR-185-5p level and injury severity and prognosis, and the value of serum miR-185-5p level to assess injury severity and prognosis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Serum miR-185-5p level in moderate and severe TBI patients was higher than in mild TBI patients, and serum miR-185-5p was closely related to GCS score and GOS score. Serum miR-185-5p level higher than 0.36 could distinguish patients with mild to moderate TBI injury, with 72.97% sensitivity and 97.62% specificity, while that higher than 0.43 had 46.34% sensitivity and 91.89% specificity to distinguish moderate to severe TBI patients. Moreover, serum miR-185-5p levels higher than 0.36, with a sensitivity of 96.30% and a specificity of 60.24%, distinguished the poor prognosis of TBI patients. Serum miR185-5p level was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in TBI patients after 3 months and was effective in discriminating adverse outcomes at 3 months. Conclusions: Serum miR-185-5p level was significantly correlated with 3-month injury and adverse prognosis in TBI patients, suggesting that serum miR-185-5p level may be a biomarker that provides supplementary prognostic information and can be used to identify the risk of adverse prognosis in TBI patients.

This study aimed to investigate the molecular transmission network and drug resistance in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients in the Liangshan District, China. The research subjects for this study were HIV-1-infected patients who did not receive any antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Liangshan District between January 2022 and July 2023. Peripheral venous whole-blood samples were collected from the research subjects. Two milliliters of blood was used for CD4+ T lymphocyte counting detection. Ten milliliters of blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and blood cells for quantitative detection of HIV-1 RNA and DNA and drug resistance testing of HIV-1. A total of 156 participants were included in this study (88 males and 68 females). The median age of the participants was 37 years. The findings revealed a positive correlation between the HIV-1 DNA and the HIV-1 RNA levels (r = 0.478, p < 0.001). However, a negative correlation was observed between the HIV-1 DNA levels and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (r = −0.186, p = 0.020). Of the 156 participants, 145 were successfully tested for drug resistance of HIV-1 RNA and HIV-1 DNA simultaneously. Four cases failed the HIV-1 RNA drug resistance testing, and another two failed the HIV-1 DNA drug resistance testing. The most common HIV-1 subtype was the CRF07_BC recombinant. In this study, the overall incidence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) was 8.33%. The resistance rates of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) were 7.69% and 0.64%, respectively. In addition, 32 participants were found to have drug-resistant mutations. The primary drug-resistant mutations were K103N, V179D, E157Q, and A128T, mainly against efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) resistance. The drug resistance of HIV-1-infected ART-naive patients in the Liangshan District cannot be ignored. HIV-1 drug resistance testing is recommended before initiating ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile chemical products (VCPs) have become an important source of reactive organic gases (ROGs) in urban areas worldwide. Industrial activities can also utilize a large number of VCPs and emit many organic gases into the atmosphere. Due to multiple sampling and measurement challenges, only a subset of ROG species is usually measured for many industrial VCP sources. This study aims to investigate the emissions of ROGs from five industrial VCP sources in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China, including the shoemaking, plastic surface coating, furniture coating, printing, and ship coating industries. A more comprehensive speciation of ROG emissions from these industrial VCP sources was developed by the combination of proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) and the gas chromatography–mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector (GC–MS/FID). Our study identified oxygenated ROG species (OVOCs) as representative ROGs emitted from these sources, which are highly related to specific chemicals used during industrial activities. Moreover, mass spectra similarity analysis revealed significant dissimilarities among the ROG emissions from industrial activities, indicating substantial variations between different industrial VCP sources. Except for the ship coating industry utilizing solvent-borne coatings, the proportions of OVOCs range from 67 % to 96 % in total ROG emissions and 72 % to 97 % in total OH reactivity (OHR) for different industrial sources, while the corresponding contributions of OVOCs in the ship coating industry are only 16 ± 3.5 % and 15 ± 3.6 %. The industrial VCP sources associated with solvent-borne coatings exhibited a higher ozone formation potential (OFP), reaching as high as 5.5 and 2.7 g O 3 g -1 ROGs for the ship coating and furniture coating industries, primarily due to contributions from aromatics. We find that a few species can contribute the majority of the ROG emissions and also their OHR and OFP from various industrial VCP sources. Our results suggest that ROG treatment devices may have limited effectiveness for all ROGs, with treatment efficiencies ranging from - 12 % to 68 %. Furthermore, we found that ambient measurements in industrial areas have been significantly impacted by industrial VCP sources, and ROG pairs (e.g., methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) / C 8 aromatics ratio) can be utilized as reliable evidence by using high-time-resolution ROG measurements from PTR-ToF-MS. Our study demonstrated the importance of measuring a large number of ROGs using PTR-ToF-MS for characterizing ROG emissions from industrial VCP sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to clarify the value of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) for the early diagnosis of strangulated intestinal obstruction through a meta-analysis.

Volatile chemical products (VCPs) have become an important source of reactive organic gases (ROGs) in urban areas worldwide. Industrial activities can also utilize a large amount of VCPs and emit many organic gases into the atmosphere. Due to multiple sampling and measurement challenges, only a subset of ROG species is usually measured for many industrial VCP sources. This study aimed to investigate the emissions of ROGs from five industrial VCP sources in China, including shoemaking, plastic surface coating, furniture coating, printing, and ship coating industries. More comprehensive speciation of ROG emissions from these industrial VCP sources was developed by the combination of the proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) along with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID). Our study identified oxygenated ROG species (OVOCs) as representative ROGs emitted from these sources, which are highly related to specific chemicals used during the industrial activities. Moreover, mass spectra similarity analysis revealed significant dissimilarities among the ROG emission sources, indicating substantial variations between different industrial VCP sources. Except for the ship coating industry utilizing solvent-borne coatings, the proportions of OVOCs range from 67 % to 96 % in total ROG emissions and 72 % to 97 % in total OH reactivity (OHR) for different industrial sources. The industrial VCP sources associated with solvent-borne coatings exhibited a higher ozone formation potential (OFP), reaching as high as 5.5 and 2.7 g O3·g-1 ROGs for ship coating and furniture coating industries, primarily due to contributions from aromatics. The fractions of the ten most abundant species in total ROG emissions, OHR, and OFP indicated a highly centralized of ROG emissions from various industrial VCP sources. Our results suggest that ROG treatment devices may have limited effectiveness for all ROGs, with treatment efficiencies ranging from -12 % to 68 %. Furthermore, we found that ROG pairs (e.g., methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) /C8 aromatics ratio) could serve as effective indicators for distinguishing industrial VCP sources, particularly for measurements in industrial areas. Our study demonstrated the importance of measuring a large number of ROGs using PTR-ToF-MS for characterizing ROG emissions from industrial VCP sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallic acid (GA) and lecithin showed important roles in antioxidant and drug delivery, respectively. A complex synthesized from GA and soybean lecithin (SL-GAC), significantly improved bioavailability of GA and pharmacological activities. However, the antioxidant activity of SL-GAC and its effect on iron-overload-induced liver injury remains unexplored. This study investigates the antioxidant properties of SL-GAC in vitro and in mice, and its remediating effects against liver injury by iron-overloaded. In vitro, free radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and ferric reducing power of SL-GAC were measured by absorbance photometry. In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were randomized into 4 groups: control, iron-overloaded, iron-overloaded + deferoxamine, and iron-overloaded + SL-GAC. Treatments with deferoxamine (150 mg/kg/intraperitioneally) and SL-GAC (200 mg/kg/orally) were given to the desired groups for 12 weeks, daily. Iron levels, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters were determined by histopathological examination and molecular biological techniques. In vitro, SL-GAC showed DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging activity with IC50 values equal to 24.92 and 128.36 μg/mL, respectively. In C57BL/6J mice, SL-GAC significantly reduced the levels of serum iron (22.82%), liver iron (50.29%), aspartate transaminase (25.97%), alanine transaminase (38.07%), gamma glutamyl transferase (42.11%), malondialdehyde (19.82%), total cholesterol (45.96%), triglyceride (34.90%), ferritin light chain (18.51%) and transferrin receptor (27.39%), while up-regulated the levels of superoxide dismutase (24.69%), and glutathione (11.91%). These findings encourage the use of SL-GAC to treat liver injury induced by iron-overloaded. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to validate its potential in clinical medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the sources and formation mechanism of oxidized organic nitrogen (OON), field measurements of OON were conducted using an iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometer equipped with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO-CIMS) during fall of 2018 in the megacity of Guangzhou, China. Using levoglucosan as a tracer of biomass burning emissions, the results show that biomass burning (49±23 %) and secondary formation (51±23 %) accounted for comparable fractions to the total particle-phase OON (pOON) but 24±25 % and 76±25 % to the gas-phase OON (gOON), respectively, signifying the important contribution of biomass burning to pOON and secondary formation to gOON in this urban area. Calculations of production rates of gOON indicated that hydroxyl radical (42 %) and nitrate radical (NO 3) (49 %) oxidation pathways potentially dominated the secondary formation of gOON. A high concentration of NO 3 radicals during the afternoon was observed, demonstrating that the daytime NO 3 oxidation might be more important than the previous recognition. Monoterpenes, found to be major precursors of secondary gOON, were mainly from anthropogenic emissions in this urban area. The ratio of secondary pOON to O x ([O x ] = [O 3 ] + [NO 2 ]) increased as a function of relative humidity and aerosol surface area, indicating that heterogeneous reaction might be an important formation pathway for secondary pOON. Finally, the highly oxidized gOON and pOON with 6 to 11 oxygen atoms were observed, highlighting the complex secondary reaction processes of OON in the ambient air. Overall, our results improve the understanding of the sources and dynamic variation of OON in the urban atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]