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Background and objectives Sleep disorders related to Parkinson’s disease (PD) have recently attracted increasing attention, but there are few clinical reports on the correlation of Parkinson’s disease patients with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Therefore, this study conducted a cognitive function examination for Parkinson’s disease patients and discussed the application effect of three algorithms in the screening of influencing factors and risk prediction effects. Methods Three algorithms (logistic regression, machine learning-based regression trees and random forest) were used to establish a prediction model for PD-RBD patients, and the application effects of the three algorithms in the screening of influencing factors and the risk prediction of PD-RBD were discussed. Results The subjects included 169 patients with Parkinson’s disease (Parkinson’s disease with RBD [PD-RBD] = 69 subjects; Parkinson’s disease without RBD [PD-nRBD] = 100 subjects). This study compared the predictive performance of RF, decision tree and logistic regression, selected a final model with the best model performance and proposed the importance of variables in the final model. After the analysis, the accuracy of RF (83.05%) was better than that of the other models (decision tree = 75.10%, logistic regression = 71.62%). PQSI, Scopa-AUT score, MoCA score, MMSE score, AGE, LEDD, PD-course, UPDRS total score, ESS score, NMSQ, disease type, RLSRS, HAMD, UPDRS III and PDOnsetage are the main variables for predicting RBD, along with increased weight. Among them, PQSI is the most important factor. The prediction model of Parkinson’s disease RBD that was established in this study will help in screening out predictive factors and in providing a reference for the prognosis and preventive treatment of PD-RBD patients. Conclusions The random forest model had good performance in the prediction and evaluation of PD-RBD influencing factors and was superior to decision tree and traditional logistic regression models in many aspects, which can provide a reference for the prognosis and preventive treatment of PD-RBD patients.

Background: The impact of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (LVMD) on the long‐term prognosis of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unclear. Hypothesis: MR uniformity ratio estimates (URE) can detect LVMD and assess STEMI prognosis. Study Type: Retrospective analysis of a prospective multicenter registry (EARLY‐MYO trial, NCT 03768453). Population: Overall, 450 patients (50 females) with first‐time STEMI were analyzed, as well as 40 participants without cardiovascular disease as controls. Field Strength/Sequence: 3.0‐T, balanced steady‐state free precession cine and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Assessment: MRI data were acquired within 1 week of symptom onset. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including cardiovascular death, nonfatal re‐infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, and stroke, were the primary clinical outcomes. LVMD was represented by circumferential URE (CURE) and radial URE (RURE) calculated using strain measurements. The patients were grouped according to clinical outcomes or URE values. Patients' clinical characteristics and MR indicators were compared. Statistical Tests: The Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with area under the curve, Kaplan–Meier analysis, Cox regression, logistic regression, intraclass correlation coefficient, c‐index, and integrated discrimination improvement were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: CURE and RURE were significantly lower in patients with STEMI than in controls. The median follow‐up was 60.5 months. Patients with both lower CURE and RURE values experienced a significantly higher incidence of MACEs by 3.525‐fold. Both CURE and RURE were independent risk factors for MACEs. The addition of UREs improved diagnostic efficacy and risk stratification based on infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The indicators associated with LVMD included male sex, serum biomarkers (peak creatine phosphokinase and cardiac troponin I), infarct size, and LVEF. Data Conclusion: CURE and RURE may be useful to evaluate long‐term prognosis after STEMI. Evidence Level: 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of native T1 mapping for evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is being explored, and its combination with histogram analysis may benefit the accuracy of such assessments.Purpose: To investigate the relationship of segmental left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT), myocardial fibrosis, and strain parameters with segmental histogram parameters of native T1 mapping in HCM patients.Study Type: Retrospective.Subjects: Ninety-three HCM patients without previous cardiovascular diseases were included.Field Strength/sequence: 3.0T cardiac MR. Steady-state free precession cine imaging, modified Look-Locker inversion recovery, phase-sensitive inversion recovery.Assessment: Images were assessed by three experienced radiologists.Statistical Tests: Mann-Whitney U-tests, area under the curve (AUC), Spearman's rank correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman test were used for statistical analysis.Results: A higher LVWT value correlated with higher means, minimums, 10th /25th /50th /75th /90th percentiles, maximums, kurtosis, entropy, and lower SD and energy of T1 mapping (P < 0.05 for all), with the correlation being stronger for entropy and energy (Spearman's rho = 0.439 and -0.413, respectively) than other parameters. Late gadolinium enhancement positive (LGE+) segments exhibited higher mean, minimum, 10th /25th /50th /75th /90th percentiles, maximum, entropy, and lower energy of T1 times than late gadolinium enhancement negative (LGE-) segments (P < 0.001 for all). Impaired strain function parameters (peak thickening and thickening rate in radial, circumferential, and longitudinal directions) demonstrated a weak correlation with higher entropy (P < 0.001 for all) and lower energy (P < 0.001 for all).Data Conclusion: Histogram parameters of native T1 mapping provide more information than mean T1 times alone. Among these parameters, entropy and energy may correlate better with LVWT, myocardial late gadolinium enhancement, and strain parameters than mean T1 times in HCM patients.Level Of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:668-677. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In order to determine acute cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19, we quantitatively evaluated tissue characteristics and mechanics by non-invasive cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in a cohort of patients within the first 10 days of the onset of COVID symptoms., Methods and Results: Twenty-five patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 and at least one marker of cardiac involvement [cardiac symptoms, abnormal electrocardiograph (ECG), or abnormal cardiac biomarkers] and 25 healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects were recruited to the study. Patients were divided into those with elevated (n = 8) or normal TnI (n = 17). There were significant differences in global longitudinal strain among patients who were positive and negative for hs-TnI, and controls [-12.3 (-13.3, -11.5)%, -13.1 (-14.2, -9.8)%, and -15.7 (-18.3, -12.7)%, P = 0.004]. Native myocardial T1 relaxation times in patients with positive and negative hs-TnI manifestation (1169.8 ± 12.9 and 1113.2 ± 31.2 ms) were significantly higher than the normal (1065 ± 57 ms) subjects, respectively (P < 0.001). The extracellular volume (ECV) of patients who were positive and negative for hs-TnI was higher than that of the normal controls [32 (31, 33)%, 29 (27, 30)%, and 26 (24, 27.5)%, P < 0.001]. In our study, quantitative T2 mapping in patients who were positive and negative for hs-TnI [51 (47.9, 52.8) and 48 (47, 49.4) ms] was significantly higher than the normal [42 (41, 45.2) ms] subjects (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: In patients with early-stage COVID-19, myocardial oedema, and functional abnormalities are a frequent finding, while irreversible regional injury such as necrosis may be infrequent., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2021. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: The use of native T 1 mapping for evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is being explored, and its combination with histogram analysis may benefit the accuracy of such assessments., Purpose: To investigate the relationship of segmental left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT), myocardial fibrosis, and strain parameters with segmental histogram parameters of native T 1 mapping in HCM patients., Study Type: Retrospective., Subjects: Ninety-three HCM patients without previous cardiovascular diseases were included., Field Strength/sequence: 3.0T cardiac MR. Steady-state free precession cine imaging, modified Look-Locker inversion recovery, phase-sensitive inversion recovery., Assessment: Images were assessed by three experienced radiologists., Statistical Tests: Mann-Whitney U-tests, area under the curve (AUC), Spearman's rank correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman test were used for statistical analysis., Results: A higher LVWT value correlated with higher means, minimums, 10 th /25 th /50 th /75 th /90 th percentiles, maximums, kurtosis, entropy, and lower SD and energy of T 1 mapping (P < 0.05 for all), with the correlation being stronger for entropy and energy (Spearman's rho = 0.439 and -0.413, respectively) than other parameters. Late gadolinium enhancement positive (LGE+) segments exhibited higher mean, minimum, 10 th /25 th /50 th /75 th /90 th percentiles, maximum, entropy, and lower energy of T 1 times than late gadolinium enhancement negative (LGE-) segments (P < 0.001 for all). Impaired strain function parameters (peak thickening and thickening rate in radial, circumferential, and longitudinal directions) demonstrated a weak correlation with higher entropy (P < 0.001 for all) and lower energy (P < 0.001 for all)., Data Conclusion: Histogram parameters of native T 1 mapping provide more information than mean T 1 times alone. Among these parameters, entropy and energy may correlate better with LVWT, myocardial late gadolinium enhancement, and strain parameters than mean T 1 times in HCM patients., Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:668-677., (© 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)