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Objective To evaluate the effect of low-dose nitroglycerin on oxidative stress and apelin-12 levels in hypertension patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods Eighty patients with hypertension who underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy were recruited and divided into the nitroglycerin group and control group by random number table method. From the beginning of pneumoperitoneum to the end of operation, patients in the nitroglycerin group were pumped with nitroglycerin （0.10-0.25 μg/（kg·min））, and those in the control group were pumped with the same amount of normal saline. Peripheral elbow venous blood was drawn before operation （T0）, 30 min after pneumoperitoneum （T1）, and 1 h after operation （T2）. The changes of serum levels of Ang-Ⅱ, IL-6, apelin-12, and ST-T were compared between two groups. Results With the increase of pneumoperitoneum time, the serum levels of Ang-Ⅱ and IL-6 were gradually elevated, whereas the serum levels of apelin-12 were steadily decreased within each group. Compared with the control group, the increase of serum levels of Ang-Ⅱ and IL-6 at T1 and T2 were significantly decreased and the decrease of serum level of apelin-12 was also significantly decreased in the nitroglycerin group （all P < 0.05）. The incidence of ST-T abnormality had no statistical significance between two groups （P > 0.05）. Conclusions Low-dose nitroglycerin can alleviate the stress response of patients with hypertension undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy. Apelin-12 may coordinate with NO to delay the incidence and development of oxidative stress.

Survival of the immobile embryo in response to rising temperature is important to determine a species' vulnerability to climate change. However, the collective effects of 2 key thermal characteristics associated with climate change (i.e., rising average temperature and acute heat events) on embryonic survival remain largely unexplored. We used empirical measurements and niche modeling to investigate how chronic and acute heat stress independently and collectively influence the embryonic survival of lizards across latitudes. We collected and bred lizards from 5 latitudes and incubated their eggs across a range of temperatures to quantify population‐specific responses to chronic and acute heat stress. Using an embryonic development model parameterized with measured embryonic heat tolerances, we further identified a collective impact of embryonic chronic and acute heat tolerances on embryonic survival. We also incorporated embryonic chronic and acute heat tolerance in hybrid species distribution models to determine species' range shifts under climate change. Embryos' tolerance of chronic heat (T‐chronic) remained consistent across latitudes, whereas their tolerance of acute heat (T‐acute) was higher at high latitudes than at low latitudes. Tolerance of acute heat exerted a more pronounced influence than tolerance of chronic heat. In species distribution models, climate change led to the most significant habitat loss for each population and species in its low‐latitude distribution. Consequently, habitat for populations across all latitudes will shift toward high latitudes. Our study also highlights the importance of considering embryonic survival under chronic and acute heat stresses to predict species' vulnerability to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating the effects of temperature variations on animals plays an important role in understanding the threat of climate warming. The effects of developmental temperature on offspring performance are critical in evaluating the effects of warming temperatures on the fitness of oviparous species, but the physiological and biochemical basis of this developmental plasticity is largely unknown. In this study, we incubated eggs of the turtle Pelodiscus sinensis at low (24 °C), medium (28 °C), and high (32 °C) temperatures, and evaluated the effects of developmental temperature on offspring fitness, and metabolic enzymes in the neck and limb muscles of hatchlings. The hatchlings from eggs incubated at the medium temperature showed better fitness-related performance (righting response and swimming capacity) and higher activities of metabolic enzymes (hexokinase, HK; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) than hatchlings from the eggs incubated at high or low temperatures. In addition, the swimming speed and righting response were significantly correlated with the HK activities in limb (swimming speed) and neck (righting response) muscles, suggesting that the developmental plasticity of energy metabolic pathway might play a role in determining the way incubation temperature affects offspring phenotypes. Integrating the fitness-related performance and the activities of metabolic enzymes, we predict that the P. sinensis from high latitude would not face the detrimental effects of climate warming until the average nest temperatures reach 32 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]